fda recommendations for andas based on qbd: a bioequivalence case

FDA recommendationsfor ANDAs based on QbD:

A bioequivalence case study

44ème Congrès International SFSTP – 6 et 7 juin 2012LA CONNAISSANCE SCIENTIFIQUE AU SERVICE DE LA QUALITE PRODUITLA CONNAISSANCE SCIENTIFIQUE AU SERVICE DE LA QUALITE PRODUIT

Apports du Apports du «« QualityQuality by Designby Design »» et retours det retours d’’expexpéériences riences

Ethan StierDeputy Director of Division of Bioequivalence II

FDA, Office of Generic Drugs

Ethan Stier 144ème Congrès International SFSTP 6-7 Juin 2012

FDA recommendations for ANDAs based on QbD:

A bioequivalence case study Proposal to use pAUC metrics to assess BE of Methylphenidate

multiphasic modified release (MMR) formulations


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Therapeutic Equivalence

PharmaceuticalEquivalence

Bioequivalence

TherapeuticEquivalence


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Therapeutic Equivalence

Generic product will have the same clinical effect and safety profile when administered to patients under the conditions specified in the labeling, and may be substituted for each otherwithout adjustment in dose or other additional monitoring


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Current FDA Acceptance Criteria for BE Studies


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How to show that two drugs are bioequivalent

• FDA’s regulations define BE as lack of a significant difference in rate and extent to which drug becomes available at the site of action

• For systemically active drugs– Cmax

– AUC


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Current acceptance criteria for BE studies• The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric

mean test/reference (T/R) Cmax and AUC ratios should fall within the limits of 80-125%– Metrics are Cmax AUC0-t AUC∞

• We also evaluate Tmax qualitatively (not statistically) Not a continuous variable– Value determined by sampling times


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A Complex Product which Meets BE Criteria but Deemed not TE

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Time (hr)

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testref


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Quality Target Product Profile

ICH Q8(R2) Definition

QTPP : A prospective summary of the quality characteristics of a drug product that ideally will be achieved to ensure the desired quality, taking into account safety and efficacy of the drug product.


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Methylphenidate case study


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MMR formulation design

• Multiphasic modified release (MMR) products formulations contain an immediate-release (IR) and delayed-release (DR) and/or extended release (ER) portions, where– The IR portion is necessary for rapid onset of

activity; – The DR or ER portion is necessary to sustain

activity


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Marketed MPH MMR products• Concerta® tablet

– ER core with an IR overcoat• Metadate CD® capsule

– Formulated as 30% IR, 70% ER• Ritalin LA® capsule

– ½ dose as IR beads– ½ dose as enteric-coated, DR beads


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Mean plasma profilesConcerta® qd vs IR MPH tid


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Clinical response throughout day following single Concerta® dose


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MPH MMR products

• Given once daily, in the morning• MPH does not accumulate to steady-state• PK / PD models show that peak response

achieved at about same time as peak MPH plasma concentrations

• For Concerta®, maximal response occurs 2 hrs post-dosing, sustained throughout day


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FDA Proposal for pAUC BE Metrics for MPH MMR

Formulations


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Proposed BE metrics for MMR products• Propose to use 4 metrics instead of 3

– Present: Cmax AUC0-t AUC∞– Proposed: Cmax AUC0-T AUCT-t AUC∞

• AUC0-T should compare T & R exposure responsible for early onset of response

• AUCT-t should compare T & R exposure responsible for sustained response

• All metrics should met BE limits (80-125)Where T is product-specific time, t is last PK sampling time


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Using AUC0-3h for BE studies of generics to MPH multiphasic products

• In fasting subjects– The IR MPH Tmax [mean ± S.D.] is 2 ± 0.5 h;

• 2 hr is also time at which maximal response [compared to placebo] is achieved;

• By 3 hr, expect that 95% of patients should achieve maximal early onset of response– Mean ± 2 S.D. = 95% of population response – 95% of subjects should achieve maximal early

onset of response by 2 h + [2 x 0.5 h] = 3 hEthan Stier 44ème Congrès International SFSTP

6-7 Juin 2012

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Proposal for pAUC BE metrics for generics to MPH multiphasic products

• For fasting BE studiesCmax AUC0-3h AUC3h-t AUC∞

• For fed BE studiesCmax AUC0-4h AUC4h-t AUC∞

• Early pAUC should compare T & R exposure associated with response onset

• Later pAUC should compare T & R exposure associated with sustained response


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Summary and Conclusions


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For Detailed QBD examples • Quality by Design Example for Generic Modified Release

Drug Products (http://www.aaps.org/uploadedFiles/Content/Sections_and_Groups/Regional_Discussion_Groups/Sept%20presentation.pdf)

• Quality by Design for ANDAs: An Example for Modified Release Dosage Forms (http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/HowDrugsareDevelopedandApproved/ApprovalApplications/AbbreviatedNewDrugApplicationANDAGenerics/UCM286595.pdf)


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Summary and Conclusions• Present FDA BE study acceptance criteria may not

be adequate for some drugs formulated as MMR products

• FDA proposes using two pAUCs for BE studies of MMR products formulated to achieve rapid onset of response and sustained response– The first pAUC will compare T & R early exposure– The second pAUC will compare T& R later

exposure


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Summary and Conclusions

• FDA proposes selecting the sampling time for the first pAUC to ensure that 90-95% of subjects will have achieved the optimal early onset of response

• The objective is to ensure that the proposed generic to a multiphasic MR product, once approved, will be switchable with its corresponding reference


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References

• The FDA proposed to use pAUC metrics to assess BE of methylphenidate MMR products at the FDA’s Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacology Advisory Committee in April 2010


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THANKS!

• Barbara M. Davit PhD, JD• Dale P Conner Pharm D• Devrat Patel Pharm D• Stephanie Kim PhD• Partha Chandaroy PhD• Andre Raw PhD


fda recommendations for andas based on qbd: a bioequivalence case

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