4 FCC ?cd No. 9 Federal Communications Commission iecord

FCC 89-103

Before theFederal Communications Commission

Washington, D.C. 20554

GEN. Docket No. 87-389

In the Matter of

Revision of Part 15

RM-5193of the Rules regarding

RM-5250the operation of radio

RM-5575frequency devices without anindividual license.

FIRST REPORT AND ORDER

Adopted: March 30, 1989;

Released: April 18, 1989

By the Commission:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Subject

Paragraph No.

INTRODUCTION

1

BACKGROUND

2-5

DISCUSSION

6 - 151I. GENERAL

6- 14Ii. DEVICES SUJ3JECT TO PART 15

15- 16Ill. GENERAL TECI%NICAL STANDARDS

17- 106A. General Conducted Emission Limits

18 - 19B. General Radiated Emission Limits

20 - 891. Radiated Emission Limits for Intentional

Radiators

20 - 292, Exceptions to the General Limits

30 - 54Operation in the Bands 160-190 kHz and

510-1705 kHz

31 - 32Operation in the Bands 27 MHz and 49 MHz 33 - 34Perimeter Protection Systems

35 -39Control and Security Alarm Devices and

Other Periodic Operation 40 - 43Cordless Telephones and Other 49 MHz

Transmitters

44.. 47Operation in the FM Broadcast Band

48 - 49Operation in the TV Bands

50 - 51Field Distt4rbance Sensors above 900 MHz

52Cable Locating Equipment

53 - 54

3. New Bands

55 - 604. Restricted Bands

61 - 74Frequency Bands Designated as Restricted

61 - 69Limits for Spurious Emissions in the

Restricted Bands 70 - 745. Radiated Emission Limits for Unirtentional

Radiators

75 - 89Emission Limits

75 - 82Antenna Conducted Limits tor Receivers

83 - 85Frequency Range of Receivers

86Power Line Carrier Systems (PLC's)

87 - 89C. Measurement Techniques

90 - 106Detector Functions of Measuring Instruments

91 - 95Frequency Range of Radiated Measurements

for Intentional Radiators

96 - 98Measurement Distances for Digital Devices

99 - 100Measurement Standards

101 - 106

IV. AUTHORIZATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 107 - 127A. Equipment Authorization Program

107 - 125Description of Measurement Facilities

108 - 109Notified Equipment

110Application for Certification

111 - 113Authorization of Multiple Devices in

One Enclosure

114Changes to Certified Eqipment

115 - 118Party Responsible for Compliance with the

Regulations

119On-Site Measurements

120Labelling Requirements

121 - 123Special Accessories

124 - 125B. Marketing of Digital Devices

126 - 127

V. MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES

128 - 143Campus Radio Systems

128 - 129Spread Spectrum Systems

130 - 131Specialized Field Disturbance Sensors

(Vehicle Radar Systems)

132Automatic Vehicle Identification Systems

133Tunnel Radio Systems

.

134Antenna Connections for Intentional Radiators

135Use of Multiple Intentional Radiators

136 - 137TV Interface Devices

138TV Broadcast Receivers

139 - 140Exemption for Digital Devices with Low

Power Consumption

141Radio Frequency Defined to 9 kHz

142Requests for Allocation of Spectrum

143

Vi. TRANSITION TIMES FOR COMPLYINGWITH THE NEW RULES

144 - 149

CONCLUSION

150 - 151

PROCEDURAL MATTERS

152 - 153

ORDERING CLAUSES

154

INTRODUCTION1. By this action, the Commission is amending Parts 2

and 15 of the Rules regarding the non-licensed operationof radio frequency (RF) devices and the equipment au-thorization procedures associated with this equipment.

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The objective of this action is to achieve more effectiveuse of the radio frequency spectrum while providing addi-tional technical and operational flexibility in the design,manufacture and use of non-licensed devices. This objec-tive will be achieved by: 1) providing for the productionof equipment for non-licensed use on almost any fre-quency with minimal restrictions on usage, bandwidth,modulation technique and other technical parameters; 2)establishing uniformity among the technical standards forvarious non-licensed operations; 3) clarifying and sim-plifying our administrative requirements; and, 4) retain-ing, to the greatest extent possible, operations currentlypermitted under the rules.

BACKGROUND2. The rules for non-licensed use of RF devices were

established approximately fifty years ago. In 1938, theCommission allowed devices employing relatively low lev-el RF signals to be operated without the need for individ-ual licensing as long as their operation caused no harmfulinterference to licensed services and the devices did notgenerate emissions or field strength levels greater than aspecified level. ' Typical kinds of equipment operatedunder these regulations were wireless record players, car-rier current communication systems and remote controldevices.

3. At the time this standard was adopted, most Part 15RF devices were designed to operate in the MF (0.3-3MHz) and HF (3-30 MHz) frequency bands, and compli-ance was relatively easy to achieve. However, as the in-dustry designed products intended for operation on higherfrequencies, it became more difficult to meet the fieldstrength limit specified in this early standard since theallowable field strength level decreased as the operatingfrequency increased. Accordingly, over the years the Com-mission amended and expanded Part 1.5 of the rules topermit the non-licensed operation of devices at higherfrequencies in those cases where it could be determinedthat the mass-marketing of such products would not resultin harmful interference to authorized radio services. Inthe 1950's, the Commission adopted new technical stan-dards for devices such as radio receivers and low powertransmitters operating in the 27 MHz band and above 70MHz. In the 1960's through the 1980's, provisions weremade under Part 15 to permit the operation of additionalequipment such as wireless microphones, telemetry sys-tems, garage door openers, TV interface devices (e.g., vid-eo cassette recorders), field disturbance sensors (e.g.,anti-pilferage systems for retail stores), auditory assistancedevices, control and security alarm apparatus, andcordless telephones.

4. The provisions for new devices generally were adopt-ed in response to petitions for rule making that requestedauthorization only for the specific device in question. Thisincremental method of adopting device-specific regula-tions resulted in rules that are lengthy and difficult forthe public to understand. It has resulted in the adoptionof standards that are overly complex and, in some cases,unnecessarily restrictive. There are also a number of ap-parent inconsistencies in the technical standards betweenPart 15 devices that have similar interference potentials.Early standards adopted to control interference are fre-quently significantly different from what is needed at thepresent time due to improvements in equipment, such as

receiver sensitivity, the increased proliferation of bothlicensed and non-licensed operations, and changes to thefrequency allocations of authorized radio services.

5. The Commission believed it would be desirable torestore technical flexibility and administrative conve-nience to the regulations for RF devices operated withoutlicenses and to modify and amend these regulations toaddress changes in the nature and number of such devicesthat have occurred in recent years. It therefore adoptedthe Notice of Proposed Rule Maki4g (Notice) in this pro-ceeding to consider a comprehensive revision of Part 15of its rules. 2 The Commission received 348 commentsand 56 reply comments in response to the Notice.

DISCUSSION

I. GENERAL6. In the Notice, the Commission proposed to revise

and reorganize Part 15 of the rules in its entirety. TheCommission sought to strike an equitable balance betweenthe needs of the public for the services provided bynon-licensed RF devices and the need to ensure that thesedevices do not cause harmful interference to licensedradio services. The major features of the proposed newrules for non-licensed RF devices were: 1) to allow manu-facturers to produce non-licensed equipment for use onalmost any frequency with minimal restrictions on usage,bandwidth, modulation technique and other technical pa-rameters; 2) to establish uniformity between the technicalstandards for various non-licensed operations; 3) to clarifyand simplify our administrative requirements; and, 4) toretain, to the greatest extent possible, operations currentlyallowed under the rules.

7. Many commenting parties agree with our tentativeconclusion that there is need for a comprehensive revi-sion of Part 15 of the rules and support the basic frame-work of our proposal for this revision. These partiesrepresent a wide field of interests ranging from manufac-turers of electronic equipment to licensees of authorizedradio services. Supporting comments state that a com-prehensive revision and modernization of the Part 15rules is long overdue in light of the rapidly evolvingcapabilities of electronic technology.

8. Parties supporting our basic plan for revising Part 15generally believe that the proposed rules would facilitateand encourage development and marketing of new typesof Part 15 devices. They state that under the existingregulatory system, manufacturers often are reluctant toincur the legal expenses and delays associated with therule making process in order to market a new product,especially when their competitors can manufacture simi-lar products without expending resources on the regula-tory process once the Commission adopts the rule changesrequested in the petition. They state that the proposal toallow low power, non-licensed equipment to operate onmost frequencies without prior FCC approval as long asthe equipment meets the technical standards for the fre-quency on which it operates would eliminate these con-straints, thereby affording manufacturers considerable newfreedom and flexibility to design and introduce equipmentfor new kinds of services. RTT, EJA/CEG and otherspoint out that the public's desire for low power, non-licensed RF equipment is evidenced by the veritable ex-plosion of new and improved types of such products inrecent years.

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9. Almost all of the parties commenting on the generalorganization of the Part 15 rules state that the proposedchanges would simplify these regulations and improvetheir internal consistency. Supporting parties also believethat the technical protections that would be provided byemissions limits, restrictions on use of specific frequencybands, and other technical standards as generally proposedin the Notice would ensure that Part 15 devices do notcause interference to licensed radio services, These corn-rnenting parties believe that the proposed revision of Part15 would allow for expanded use of non-licensed productsin a manner that would improve the quality of life for theAmerican public without causing harmful interference tolicensed radio communications services.

10. Many commenting parties, including most of thosewho specifically state that they favor the basic approach ofthe proposed revision, request modifications to specificaspects of these proposals. These requests generally pertainto individualized issues relating to the adequacy of therules for protecting authorized services from interferencefrom Part 15 devices or to the need for less stringentregulations in particular areas. The commenting partiesaddress virtually all of the specific provisions of the pro-posed rules, seeking clarifications, changes in definitions,and modifications of technical standards, measurementprocedures and other provisions affecting the applicabilityof the rules.

Ii. A number of parties representing the interests ofauthorized radio services and recognized "passive" radiouses, such as radio astronomy, oppose any restructuringor revision of the Part 15 rules that would encourage orfacilitate the operation of significant numbers of low pow-er, non-licensed RF devices or that would allow suchdevices to operate at higher emissions levels. These par-ties, who consist primarily of radio astronomers and ama-teur radio operators, are concerned that the proliferationof low power RF devices could increase the level ofambient RF "noise" and thereby disrupt reception ofrelatively low lev& radio signals or signals transmitted bylicensed radio stations.

12. We continue to believe it is desirable and appro-priate to restore the technical flexibility originally pro-vided for operation of non-licensed RF devices in the Part15 rules. The current system that requires rule making forauthorization of new Part 15 devices imposes delays andcosts on innovating parties that tend to have a chillingeffect on the development and marketing of new pro-ducts. This system is also unfair to innovating firms, inthat once the rule making to authorize a device is com-pleted, competing firms may then market similar productswithout incurring these regulatory burdens. We also findthat the existing rules are overly complex and, in someplaces, are unclear such that it may be difficult for partiesto determine whether a particular new device or modi-fication of an existing device would comply with therules. It is apparent from the record and from our owngeneral observation of the market for electronic equip-ment that there is strong demand by the public for thetypes of devices that are typically authorized under Part15. It is, therefore, all the more important that we makeevery effort to remove all regulatory constraints that mayunnecessarily impede the market from introducing newRF devices. We believe that with proper technical andoperational rules it is possible to provide for expandedoperation of non-licensed RF devices while maintaining a

satisfactory RF environment for operation of licensed ra-dio services and recognized passive users of the radiospectrum.

13. Accordingly, we are adopting a comprehensive revi-sion of the Part 15 rules that incorporates the basic frame-work proposed in the Notice. ' The new rules aredesigned to provide a balance of our competing goals ofeliminating unnecessary regulatory barriers and burdenson the development of new low power RF equipment andmaintaining adequate interference protections for autho-rized radio services and recognized passive users of lowlevel RF signals. We have attempted to eliminate all un-necessary and overly restrictive technical regulations.However, in some instances our decision to permit greatertechnical flexibility has necessitated that we adopt stan-dards that are more restrictive than those of the existingPart 15 rules. In addition, we have also taken this op-portunity to tighten the Part 15 technical standards toreduce interference to authorized radio services, in par-ticular, the AM broadcast service.

14. In the sections that follow, we discuss each of thespecific issues addressed in the Notice or raised by thecommenting parties, present our decisions on these issues,and describe the specific provisions of the new rules.

H. DEVICES SUBJECT TO PART 1515. The current Part 15 defines and regulates the emis-

sions from 'restricted radiation devices." This term isdefined in the current Section 15.4(d) as "[al device inwhich the generation of radio frequency energy is inten-tionally incorporated into the design and in which theradio frequency energy is conducted along wires or isradiated . . . " Several categories of restricted radiationdevices, such as low power communication devices, fielddisturbance sensors, biomedical telemetry devices, com-puting devices, receivers, etc., are defined or discussed inthe rules. Both devices that intentionally generate andradiate radio frequency energy, e.g., transmitters, and thatintentionally generate but unintentionally radiate radiofrequency energy, e.g., receivers and computers, are regu-lated as restricted radiation devices. A separate type ofdevice which does not intentionally generate radio fre-quency energy but radiates radio frequency energy duringthe course of operation is defined as incidental radiators,e.g., electric motors, light dimmers. etc. No standards havebeen established for incidental radiators; however, thesedevices are permitted to operate only on a non-interfer-ence basis.

16. In order to simplify the technical requirements andto avoid confusion between the various types of devices,we proposed in the Notice to delete the definition of arestricted radiation device. That term would be replacedby new definitions recognizing the two basic types ofdevices operated under Part 15: intentional radiators andunintentional radiators. Intentional radiators would be de-fined as devices that intentionally generate and emit radiofrequency energy by radiation or induction. Unintentionalradiators would be defined as devices that intentionallygenerate radio frequency energy for use within the device,or that send signals by conduction to associated equip-ment via connecting wires. but which are not intended toemit radio frequency energy by radiation or induction.None of the comments opposed these proposed defini-tions. We continue to believe these definitional changeswould serve to simplify the rules and reduce confusionwith regard to determining the specific provisions of the

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rules that are applicable to a given device. Accordingly,we are deleting the existing definition of restricted radi-ation devices and are adopting new definitions for inten-tional and unintentional radiators as set forth in Section15.3 in Appendix B.

III, GENERAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS17. The operation of radio frequency equipment used

by the authorized services can be disrupted if that equip-ment receives undesired emissions. Part 15 devices havethe potential to contribute to the undesired emissions thatinterfere with the satisfactory operation of authorized andrecognized radio services. The emissions from a Part 15device may be radiated over the air or conducted throughthe power line. As part of our plan to provide flexibilityfor the development of new Part 15 equipment, we areadopting technical standards that we believe will minimizethe probability that harmful interference will be caused tothe authorized radio services by Part 15 devices while stillpermitting effective economical operation of such devicesin most frequency bands. These standards restrict themaximum levels of conducted and radiated emissions.They apply to both intentional and unintentional radia-tors. Additional protection to sensitive authorized servicesis provided by the establishment of various restricted fre-quency bands within which only spurious emissions fromintentional radiators are permitted.

A. General Conducted Emission Limits18. As indicated in the Notice, the current rules specify

a number of different limits for conducted emissions de-pending on the type of Part 15 device. In addition, therules specify different frequency ranges over which theselimits are to be measured. Consistent with our objectiveto eliminate, to the extent possible, device-specific regula-tions, we proposed to apply a single limit of 250 uV forall intentional and unintentional radiators, except forClass A digital devices. This limit would apply over thefrequency range 450 kHz to 30 MHz. We indicated thatwe believed such a limit would be sufficient to ensurethat Part 15 devices do not cause interference to au-thorized services operating in that range irrespective ofthe type of modulation or emission used. We also pro-posed to measure line conducted emissions with the de-vices connected to the utility power service through a 50ohmI5O uH line-impedance stabilization network (LJSN),rather than a 50 ohm/S uH LISNI as provided in thecurrent rules, and measurement instrumentation em ploy-ing a quasi-peak detector function. While the presentrules require the use of a 50 ohm/S uH LISNI in somecases, it was felt that a 50 ohnii50 uH would providebetter impedance matching and, therefore, more accuratemeasurements at frequencies below 10 MHz. The use ofthis value LISN would also conform with the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard C63.4 andthe standards recommended by International SpecialCommittee on Radio Interference (CISPR). A few com-menting parties object to the conducted limits proposedin the Notice. For example, TV receiver manufacturersindicate that even though the limit proposed to be appliedto their equipment is a higher value than under theexisting rules, the use of a 50 ohm/SO uH LISN andmeasurement instrumentation employing a quasi-peak de-tector results in a lower emission limit. The commentsindicate that tighter limits are not required since TVreceivers and similar devices have never been sources of

4 FCC Rcd No. 9

interference. Other comments request an increase in thepermitted levels for conducted emissions, especially forClass A digital devices. However, the comments submittedby individual operators in the Amateur Radio Service(ARS) and by individuals who regularjy listen to interna-tional broadcast stations (shortwave) indicate that devicessuch as TV receivers and computers are major sources ofinterference in the frequency bands below 30 MHz andargue for more stringent conducted emissions limits.

19. The interference potential of Part 15 devices below30 MHz is controlled principally by the limit placed onconducted emissions. We believe that the limits proposedin the Notice will provide sufficient flexibility to designcost-effective equipment. Further, based on past exper-ience with these limits, we believe that they are sufficientto alleviate many of the interference problems currentlybeing encountered. Therefore, we are adopting the limitswhich were proposed in the Notice. We are also adoptingthe use of the standard 50 ohm/SO uH LISNI and the useof CTSPR quasi-peak measurement instrumentation. Tran-sition provisions have been provided for all present radiofrequency devices. These transition periods will allow themanufacture and importation of equipment under thecurrent rules for ten years for receivers and five years forother radio frequency devices. This should provide manu-facturers ample time to make any needed changes to theirequipment.

B. General Radiated Emission Limits

1. Radiated Emission Limits for Intentional Radiators20. In the Notice, we proposed to peimit Part 15 inten-

tional radiators to operate without restrictions as tobandwidth, duty cycle, modulation technique or applica-tion as long as the equipment does not operate in certainrestricted bands and it complies with the following gen-eral emission limits:

Frequency B3nd

Field Strenglh

Measurement Distance(MHz)

(uV/ni)

(meters)

0.009 - 0.490

2400/F(kHe)

3000.490 - 1.705

24000/F(kflz)

3D1.705 - 30

30

3030-88

100

388-216

150

3216-960

200

3Above 960

500

3

The limits proposed were based on our experience as tothe level that could be permitted without undue risk ofinterference to authorized radio services, the limits cur-rently specified for Class B computing devices, and, forfrequencies above 960 MHz, the recommendations ofNTIA. At frequencies equal to or below 1000 MHz, weproposed to base the limits on CISPR quasi-peak measure-ments. Above 1000 MHz, we proposed to base the limitson peak measurements. We also proposed to limitspurious emissions from intentional radiators to the samelevels as proposed for the general emissions limits.

21. A number of commenters support the concept ofgeneral radiated limits. GM, among others, indicates thatthe general limit will provide needed flexibility in thedesign of Part 15 devices. GM further notes that thelicensed communications services have not been signifi-cantly impacted by. the widespread proliferation of per-sonal computers and other Class B computing devices thatpresently must comply with the proposed limits.

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22. A number of objections to the proposed limits werealso submitted. Several commenters, representing variousauthorized communications services, requested that thelimits be modified to further protect their operations. TheLeague indicates that its engineering analysis found thatinterference to amateur operations could occur at dis-tances ranging from 78 meters (at 14 MHz) to 102 meters(at 28 MHz) from Part 15 devices operating at the pro-posed limits below 30 MHz. Above 30 MHz, the Leagueindicates that operation under the general limits couldcause interference at distances ranging from 0.56 kin (at420 MHz) to 1.9 km (at 902 MHz). A number ofcommenters were concerned that Part 15 devices couldinterfere with the reception of International Broadcast(shortwave) stations. In addition, comments from individ-ual amateur operators indicate that they have experiencedinterference from computing devices. EIAJLMRS submitsthat land mobile operations could receive interferencefrom Part 15 devices operating under the general limits atdistances ranging from 77 to 106 feet. NAB states thatspurious emissions greater than the fundamental signalshould not be permitted.

23. Manufacturers of Part 15 devices, on the otherhand, express concern that the propOsed limits are toolow. GM requests an increase of 6 dB in the proposedlimit below 1705 kHz for pulsed systems to compensatefor the change in measurement technique from average toCISPR quasi-peak measurements. GM adds that while itrealizes the Commission's desire to reduce interference toAM broadcast service, there is no compelling reason toreduce permitted emission limits below 490 kHz. LPB andother manufacturers of intentional radiators using thefrequency band 510-1705 kHz and employing "leaky1' co-axial cables as their antennas, object to the deletion of thecurrent Section 15.7 of the rules. They further requestthat the field strength limit for such systems be made thesame as that provided for Travelers' Information Stations(TIS) under Part 90 of the rules. "

24. We continue to believe that the proposed generalradiated emission limits are appropriate for guardingagainst interference to authorized services by Part 15 de-vices. The limits for emissions between 1.705 and 30 MHzwill provide essentially the same protection to authorizedservices as the existing rules. We observe that Part 15devices already are permitted to operate in the 1.705-10MHz band at higher limits without known interferenceproblems to the authorized radio services. We also believethat interference distances calculated by the League andothers for frequencies below 30 MHz are overly optimisticand that the actual potential for interference from Part 15devices is significantly less. This is due to the high back-ground noise levels and the large number of authorizedhigh power stations below 30 MHz. In this regard, wenote that the majority of Part 15 devices operating onfrequencies between 1.705 and 30 MHz are field distur-bance sensors for control of entry into buildings or tagsensors for deterring shoplifting that have an effectiverange of a few feet and normally are used in buildingsthat attenuate the range of the emissions. Thus, the risk ofinterference to shortwave broadcasts and ARS transmis-sions by Part 15 devices operating below 30 MHz at thenew emissions levels appears to be very low.

25. The proposed general limits in the band 30-960MHz band are the same as the limits currently applied toClass S computing devices. The claims of computer inter-ference from individual ARS operators are not persuasive

enough to warrant more stringent limits. For example,they do not indicate if the reported interference resultedfrom a computer co-located with the equipment receivinginterference, if the source of the interference was a ClassB (residential) computer, or if the computer was in com-pliance with our technical standards. Moreover, as statedby GM, licensed communications have not been signifi-cantly impacted by the widespread proliferation of Class Bcomputing devices. On this basis, we continue to believethat the proposed rules for the 30-960 MHz range areadequate to guard against significant interference to au-thorized services from Part 15 equipment.

26. For frequencies above 960 MHz, the proposed limitis the same as that which the Commission recently adopt-ed in GEN Docket No. 86-422 to ensure that emissionsfrom Part 15 devices do not interfere with safety andother sensitive services operating on the exist In view ofthe Commission's finding that this limit is adequate forprotecting sensitive services from interference by Part 15operations, we believe this same limit also is appropriateto minimize the probability of interference by Part 15devices to any authorized service above 960 MHz.

27. We are, however, amending our proposal with re-gard to the measurement of radiated emissions. As dis-cussed below in paragraphs 91-95, we are requiring thatemissions be measured using the quasi-peak detector func-tion for frequencies below 1000 MHz and the averagedetector function, with a corresponding limit on peakemissions, for frequencies above 1000 MHz. We are alsorequiring that peak emission limits apply to some pulsemodulation systems that employ a low pulse-repetitionfrequency. However, in response to GM's concerns wewill continue to permit the operation of devices on fre-quencies below 490 kHz under the existing emission lim-its, including the use of measurement instrumentationemploying an average detector. As with other frequencybands for which we are retaining average measurements,we are adopting a corresponding limit on the level ofemissions measured with instrumentation with a peakdetector. That peak limit is 20 dB above the maximumpermitted average emission level. The addition of thislimit on peak emission levels will reduce the potential forinterference to the authorized services, especially fromPart 15 devices employing pulse modulation techniques.A similar change in measurement technique is not beingprovided for other bands under the general emission lim-its. First, while the general limits for the band 0.5 1-1.705MHz are the same as the existing limits, except for themethod of measurement, we believe that the use of CISPRquasi-peak measurement techniques is needed to provideadditional protection from interference to the AM broad-cast service. Second, the general limits above 1.705 MHzare new standards. Thus, we believe that the additionalprotection from interference to the authorized servicesafforded by the use of CISPR quasi-peak measurementtechniques is appropriate for these bands.

28. Some manufacturers of intentional radiators em-ploying "leaky" coaxial cables as antennas are under theimpression that such systems are subject to Section 15.7 ofthe Commission's current rules. This is not the case.Rather, these devices are subject to the provisions ofSection 15.111 and also the equipment authorization re-quirements provided in the existing Section 15.131. Asstated in OST Bulletin No. 63, "[a] communication sys-tem where a wire is routed through [an] area and con-nected to a transmitter for the express purpose of

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radiating a signal into space is not considered to be acarrier current system and Section 15.7 does not apply.Such a system is considered to be a low power commu-

nication device and the wire is treated as an antenna."We concur with this interpretation of the rules. We alsoare rejecting the request of these parties for an increase inthe permissible power level for these devices to the samelevel authorized for Travelers' information Stations. op-eration of a Travelers' Information Station is conductedunder a license issued by this Commission. The licenseesin this service are known to the Commission and caneasily be identified should interference occur. Moreover,the licensing process requires coordination with otherusers of the spectrum to avoid potential interference prob-lems. To permit leaky cable transmission systems operat-ing without a license under Part 15 to transmit at higherpower levels would undermine our system for avoidinginterference to licensed stations.

29. Finally, we agree with the comment from NAB thatit is necessary to subject spurious emissions from inten-tional radiators to more stringent control than our pro-posal in the Notice. We are concerned that our proposalto limit spurious emissions to the same levels provided inthe general emissions limits would serve to permit exces-sive levels of unnecessary emissions that would furtherincrease the level of background RF noise. We note thatspurious emissions do not contribute to the transmissionof information between RF devices, Accordingly, the newrules will preserve the policy in the current rules thatrestricts spurious emissions from Part 15 devices to a levelnot in excess of the device's fundamental emissions.

2. Exceptions to the General Limits30. The present rules permit Part 15 intentional radia-

tors to operate in a number of frequency bands at fieldstrength levels greater than the general emission limits. Tothe greatest extent possible, we proposed to retain theseexceptions and, at the same time, to delete certain operat-ing restrictions. For example, we proposed to remove thebandwidth and channelization requirements in the 27MHz and 49 MHz bands. Further, we proposed to deletethe requirement to use a microphone as an input sourcefor transmitters in the 88-108 MHz band. We are retain-ing provisions for certain specific devices that operate athigher field strengths but are less likely to cause interfer-ence due to limited numbers of units in operation andthe nature of the areas in which they are operated. 12 Thefollowing paragraphs contain discussions of the commentsreceived regarding existing Part 15 operations.

31. Operation in the Bands 160 - 190 kHz and 510 -1705 kHz. The Notice did not propose any changes to theexisting operations permitted in the frequency bands160-190 kHz and 510-1705 kHz. Several comments werereceived with regard to operation in these bands. ANARCand others request that the Commission permit increasedpower, e.g., up to 20 watts, larger antennas, and an expan-sion of the permitted band of operation to 130-190 kHzdue to interference being received from the Ground WaveEmergency Network (GWEN). 13 Several comments re-quest that the permitted power level be increased up toone watt in the band 510-1705 kHz along with an increasein the permitted maximum length of the antenna. Theyallege that permitting an increase in power and length ofthe antenna would not result in interference to the au-

4 FCC Red No. 9

thorized services, particularly AM broadcast stations, sinceAM stations and other users transmit at much higherpower levels than permitted under Part 15.

32. While the requested increases in power and antennasize would make Part 15 operations more reliable, suchincreases could result in increased interference to theauthorized services such as AM broadcasting. Interferenceis not dependent solely on the transmitted power levels.Rather, interference is based on the field strength levels ofthe received signals, both desired and undesired. Thepropagation characteristics of these bands could result inthe reception of high field strength levels from the Part 15devices, creating interference to the authorized radio ser-vices. Further, an expansion of the permitted frequencyband 160-190 kHz could cause interference to the interna-tional Fixed Public Radiocommunication Services operat-ing under Part 23 of our rules. Because of the possibilityof this increased potential for interference, the requestedchanges are not being adopted.

33. Operation in the Bands 27 MHz and 49 MHz. TheNotice proposed to expand the frequency band at 27 MHzto include 26.96-27.28 MHz, to delete the prohibitionagainst voice or Continuous wave (CW) transmissions inthe 27 MHz band, and to delete the present channeliza-lion and bandwidth limitations in both the 27 MHz andthe 49 MHz bands. 14 The permitted field strength levelswould remain as specified in the current rules, i.e., 10,000uV/m at 3 meters, except that they would be based onCISPR quasi-peak measurements.

34. GM, in its comments, requests that a 6 dB increasebe provided for pulsed systems to compensate for thechange from average to CJSPR quasi-peak measurementtechniques. We agree with GM that the emission limitsfor these bands should be changed to accommodate exist-ing systems. Accordingly, we are retaining average mea-surements for radiated emissions for operations in the 27MHz and 49 MHz bands, as well as other bands in whichoperation currently is permitted under Part 15. However,in order to ensure that excessive peak levels from pulsemodulated systems do not cause interference to authorizedoperations, we are adopting concurrently a limit on thepeak level of radiated emissions that is 20 dB above themaximum permitted average limits.

35. Perimeter Protection Systems. Under the currentrules, perimeter protection systems operate within thefrequency bands 40.66-40.70 MHz, 54-72 M1-Iz and 76-88MHz. The maximum permitted field strengths of the radi-ated emissions are specified at 30 meters. in the Notice,the Commission proposed to delete the specific provisionsfor perimeter protection systems in Section 15.310 of therules. 15 These provisions were to be replaced by a newsection that would limit emissions in the frequency band40.66-40.70 MHz to 1000 uVfm at 3 meters, e.g., 20 dBhigher than the general emission limit for other fre-quencies in the 30-88 MHz band, and provide technicalstandards for frequency control for devices operating inthis band. The Notice also proposed to retain the existingemission limits for the 54-72 MHz and 76-88 MHz bands.These limits are the same as the new general limit; how-ever, the new limit would be specified at 3 meters where-as the existing limit is specified at 30 meters. We alsoproposed to delete the requirement that spurious emis-sions from these devices be attenuated below the fun-damental emission.

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36. Comments from the manufacturers of perimeterprotection systems object to our proposed application ofCISPR quasi-peak measurements; the distance at whichthe measurements would be made, due to near field ef-fects; and, the requirement to use buried cables for perim-eter protection systems. GM, Senstar and Stellar requestan increase in the permitted field strength limits to com-pensate for the change to CISPR quasi-peak measure-meats.

37. In response to the comments, we note that theproposed new limit in the band 40.66-40.70 MHz repre-sents a 6 dE increase above the level currently permittedfor perimeter protection systems. This 6 dIl increase willoffset the change from CISPR quasi-peak measurementsand guard against interference to authorized services.None of the comments requesting a higher field strengthlimit in the 40.66-40.70 MHz band to offset the change toCISPR quasi-peak measurements provided information todemonstrate than an increase in the emission limit abovethat proposed would not cause interference to the au-thorized services. The application of CISPR quasi-peakmeasurements will prevent manufacturers fromshortening the duty cycle of the signal to increase thepower of the transmitter while staying within the fieldstrength limits. Such additional interference protection isneeded as this band will no longer he limited to perimeterprotection systems. Rather, this band now will be avail-able for any type of operation. Thus, we are denying therequests to further increase the emission limit in therange 40.66-40.70 MHz to compensate for the change toCISPR quasi-peak measurements. We are retaining theexisting emission limit on the fundamental frequency forperimeter protection systems in the frequency bands 54-72MHz and 76-88 MHz, as proposed. We conclude that thegeneral emission limit for the 30-88 MHz band is alsoappropriate for operation in these bands. CISPR quasi-peak measurements are currently required for these de-vices.

38. As proposed, the new rules standardize these fieldstrength limits at a distance of 3 meters and permit mea-surement at a greater distance than this in order to avoidnear field measurement problems. Further, the currentrequirement for perimeter protection systems to useburied cables has been deleted from the regulations. Aslong as the emission limits are not exceeded, it does notmatter whether the radiating sources employed by perim-eter protection systems are buried or are above ground.However, in order to limit the potential for interferenceto the reception of television broadcasts, we are retainingthe existing regulations concerning the frequency bands ofoperation and the requirement that perimeter protectionsystems be used in industrial, business and commercialapplications.

39. As a separate issue dealing not with the standardsbut with the method of measurement, C]DC, in its replycomments, requests that the Commission permit the man-ufacturers of perimeter protection systems to perform ini-tial measurements at the antenna terminals since thesignal levels are so low that they are below the back-ground noise limit, While the radiated field strength ofthe fundamental emission would still be measured, onlythose spurious emissions that exceed a certain value,based on measurements taken at the antenna terminals,would be required to be measured at the installation site,i.e., field strength measurements would be determinedonly for the fundamental emission and the spurious emis-

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sions so indicated. In this manner, the number ofspurious emissions for which the field strengths would bemeasured can be reduced along with a correspondingreduction in testing time and expense, In consideringCDC's suggestion, we note that the rules, as proposed, willpermit the use of alternative measurement techniques.While CDC's proposed measurement technique may beuseful in many applications, we do not find it desirable toincorporate this approach into the rules as a generalmeasurement policy. The acceptability of this and otheralternative procedures will continue to be judged on acase-by-case basis.

40. Con.trol and Security Alarm Devices and Other Peri-odic Operatioir. In the Notice, we proposed, in general, toretain the current regulations regarding control and secu-rity alarm devices and other periodic transmitters. Themajor proposed change was to limit peak emissions to nomore than 20 dB above the permitted average emissionlimits. In addition, emissions appearing within the re-stricted frequency bands would be measured using theCISPR quasi-peak detector function, as specified for otherPart 15 devices. All other radiated emissions limits wouldcontinue to be measured using the average detector func-tion.

41. The comments request that the limits on peak emis-sions, spurious emissions and fundamental emissions inthe ISM bands be relaxed. Genie and other manufacturersof garage door openers object to limiting peak emissionsto no more than 20 dB above the average limits. Geniealso requests that spurious emissions be required to beattenuated no more than 10 dB below the level of thefundamental emission. CORF, on the other hand, requeststhat the limits on spurious emissions be reduced to thegeneral emission limits due to the proliferation of controland security alarm devices. For example, this could re-duce the limit from a maximum of 1.250 uVJm to 500uVfm in the bands above 960 MHz. NAB requests thatspurious emissions that fall within the FM radio band,88-lOS MHz, be reduced to 100 uV/m at 3 meters. Simi-larly, they request that emissions that fall within the band130-174 MHz be reduced to 100-375 uV/m, based on alinear interpolation, at 3 meters. NAB states that theselimits will provide greater protection to FM and TV.

42. We continue to believe that a limit on peak emis-sions is necessary for control and security alarm devicesand other periodic systems. The transmission of excessivepeak levels of emissions increases the probability thatinterference will be caused to the authorized services.Further, recent advances in technology permit the in-expensive application of modulation techniques with veryhigh peak to average ratios. Such emissions could likelybe a potential for harmful interference. To avoid interfer-ence that could result from use of this technology, we areimposing the same limit on peak emissions of no morethan 20 dB greater than the specified limit on averageemissions on control and security alarm devices and otherperiodic operations that we are applying to all other Part15 devices for which an average emission limit is speci-fied. This limit should accommodate the vast majority ofdevices being manufactured and should ensure that thepotential for interference to the authorized services isminimized.

43. We find that additional attenuation requirements forspurious emissions are not required to control interfer-ence potential from control and security alarm devicesand other periodic transmitters. The limits on spurious

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emissions are the same as required under the presentregulations. The comments provided no information topersuade us that additional attenuation is needed. There-fore, we are retaining the existing regulations for spuriousemissions from control and security alarm devices andother periodic transmitters; provided, however, thatspurious emissions need not be attenuated below the gen-eral emission limits.

44. Cordless Telephones and Other 49 MHz Transmitters.The Notice proposed that field strength limits for cordlesstelephones be based on CISPR quasi-peak measurements.The Notice also proposed to tighten the limit on spuriousemissions for cordless telephones and proposed to elimi-nate the existing requirement that cordless telephones beself-contained. This latter provision would allow the useof external inputs for additional features such as com-puter modem connections. Finally, for devices other thancordless telephones operating in the 49 MHz band, theNotice proposed to delete the channelization andbandwidth limits.

45. The comments generally oppose the proposal totighten the spurious emission requirements for cordlessphones, A number of the comments point Out that such achange would significantly increase the cost and complex-ity of cordless phones and are unnecessary. AT&T, in itscomments, suggests that the attenuation of spurious emis-sions be based on the maximum permitted field strengthinstead of the actual field strength, resulting in a limit of500 uVlrri at 3 meters. Most commenters support ourproposal to delete the requirement that cordless tele-phones be self-contained. AT&T and OCI object to allow-ing the attachment of modems to cordless telephones.They state that allowing modems to be connected couldencourage long transmission times which could disruptservice for other users of cordless telephones. Othercommenters object to the proposal for general operationwithin the frequency band 49.82-49.90 Mlii. They in-dicate that this would increase the possibility of interfer-ence to cordless telephones. AT&T states that a single 49Ml-Iz transmitter could cause interference to multiplecordless telephone channels. 17 EIA/PCS and AT&T alsorequest that "baby monitors" operating in this band berequired to be voice activated or to incorporate timers toreduce the interference potential to cordless telephones.These "baby monitors" are wireless intercom systems thatare marketed primarily for the purpose of monitoring anurSery.

46. We agree with the comments that the proposedrequirements for attenuation of spurious emissions fromcordless telephones would be overly burdensome. We donot agree, however, that the attenuation of spurious emis-sions should be based on the maximum permitted fieldstrength. First, the 26 dB attenuation points define a closeapproximation to the occupied bandwidth, and the maxi-mum occupied bandwidth for cordless telephones remainsat 20 kliz. Thus, the 26 dB attenuation points must stillbe met for emissions removed more than 10 kliz from thecarrier to show compliance with the bandwidth limits.Second, as indicated earlier, spurious emissions do notcontribute anything to the transmission of information.Spurious emissions serve only to pollute the spectrum,reducing its availability to other users. No indication hasbeen provided that the manufacturers have any difficultycomplying with the existing limit or that this limit couldbe relaxed without increasing the potential for interfer-ence. Accordingly, the proposed changes will not be

adopted and we will retain the spurious emission attenu-ation requirements specified in the current regulations,e.g., emissions removed from the center of the transmis-sion by 10-20 kliz must be attenuated by 26 dB. Further,since transmitters, other than cordless telephones, operat-ing in the 49.82-49.90 MHz band are similar to the trans-mitters used as cordless telephones, we are amending theregulations to specify the same limit on unwanted emis-sions as applied to cordless telephones. We are retainingthe existing specification that radiated emissions fromcordless telephones and other 49 MHz transmitters be.based on measurements with an average detector and areadopting a corresponding limit on peak emissions that is20 dB above the maximum permitted average limit. Sincecordless telephones. currently use frequency modulationand it does not appear that any other 49 MHz transmittersexceed the current emission limit by more than 20 dB onpeak emissions, this should not result in any changesbeing required for present equipment. Since the changesin the rules applied to cordless telephones and other 49MHz transmitters are not as extensive as those proposedin the Notice, the long transition period proposed in theNotice is not needed.

47. As to the objections to allowing the connection ofmodems to cordless telephones and the operation of otherPart 15 devices such as "baby monitors" on the 49 MHzband, we again point out that no protection from receiv-ing interference is provided to Part 15 devices, regardlessof the source of interference. Thus, there is no basis forprohibiting the connection of modems to cordless tele-phones or for restricting the operation of other Part 15devices on the 49 MHz band. These changes to the regula-tions will be adopted as proposed. We are cognizant how-ever of the large number of people who have come todepend on cordless telephones for many communicationsneeds. Thus, we intend to consider addressing a possiblereduction in the permitted field strength limits for opera-tion of devices other than cordless telephones within thefrequency band 49.82-49.90 MHz in a subsequent Noticeof Proposed Rule Making.

48. Operation in the FM Broadcast Band. The Noticeproposed to delete the requirement to use a microphoneas an input source for intentional radiators operating inthe FM broadcast band, 88-108 MHz, and to specify thefield strength. limits for such devices at a distance of 3meters. NAB requests that the FM band be designated as arestricted band and that Part 15 devices not be permittedto operate in the band. Alternatively, NAB requests thatthe maximum permitted field strength be reduced to 150uV/m at 3 meters. Further, it states that it does not agreewith the proposed limit on spurious emissions of 150uVIm at 3 meters. Radio Listed Services requests that theemission limits for Part 15 devices operating in the FMbroadcast band be increased to 400 uV/in at 15 meters toprovide an operating range of about 800 feet.

49. We disagree with NAB's position that Part 15 de-vices should be restricted from operation in the FM radioband or subject to restrictions on radiated emissions more.stringent that those currently in. place. Indeed, transmis-sions within the FM broadcast band are not as susceptibleto receiving interference as transmissions in the AM andTV broadcast bands. With a frequency modulated signal,the receiver will tend to pick up only the strongest signal.Due to this "capture effect", an FM broadcast receiverrequires that the desired signal be only about 2 dB abovethe level of the undesired signal on the same frequency in

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order to be received without interference. Thus, a Part 1.5intentional radiator could transmit, in most circum-stances, on the same frequency as that used by a localbroadcast station without mutual interference beingcaused, provided the power from the Part 15 transmitteris kept low. A Part 15 transmitter operated in this mannerwould be severely limited in range, and it is only withinthat range that interference to the reception of the FMbroadcast station would be encountered. If the powerlevel for Part 15 transmitters in the FM band were al-lowed to increase, as requested by Radio Listed Services,the range at which interference to the FM broadcaststations could occur would also increase. For these rea-sons, we will not accede to requests by the commentersthat the emission limits for. operation in the FM broadcastband be changed or that the FM broadcast band be re-stricted. Thus, the new rules will not include specialprovisions for Part 15 devices operating on frequencies inthe 88-108 MHz band. However, we are retaining thecurrent Section 15.175 of the regulations to permit thecontinued operation in this band by educational institu-tions of custom built telemetry devices used for experi-mentation without the need to obtain a grant ofequipment authorization. These existing provisions wereinadvertently omitted from the Notice

50. Operation in the TV Bands. We are satisfied that ourproposed general emission limits are adequate to preventharmful interference to TV receivers from Part 15 trans-mitters operating in the television broadcast bands. Ofgreat concern, however, is the more intensive use of thesebands that may occur with the introduction of variousforms of High Definition Television (HDTV). We notethat the comments in this proceeding recognize the poten-tial impact of Part 15 devices on the development ofHDTV. The Commission has already taken steps to pro-tect the television bands by delaying further considerationof its proposals for land mobile licensees to share spec-trum in the UHF band pending the outcome of theinquiry into HDTV. We believe that, here too, prudencedictates a conservative approach. For this reason, at thepresent time, we are not allowing intentional radiatorsoperated under the general limits to have their fundamen-tal emissions located in the frequency bands allocated totelevision broadcast stations.

51. At the same time, we see no necessity to prohibitthe continued operation of those devices already placingemissions in the television bands. Periodic transmittershave been permitted in these bands for years. They op-erate intermittently and have not been a source of inter-ference. It would not serve the public interest to removethem now. Similarly, we permit the operation of perim-eter protection systems for commercial premises in thetelevision bands. We anticipate little difficulty from suchdevices and will permit them to remain. Unintentionalradiators, e.g., receivers, have long been permitted to ra-diate in the television bands, at considerably higher levelsthan the general limits we are adopting today. As ex-plained in paragraphs 79-82, these devices will be ex-pected to decrease the level of their emissions over time.Spurious emissions from intentional radiators will bepermitted in the television bands at the general limits.The level of spurious emissions and emissions from un-intentional radiators can generally be expected to bemuch lower than the fundamental signals of transmitters.Thus, their interference potential is not as great.

52. Field Disturbance Sensors above 900 MHz. By pro-posing to require CISPR quasi-peak measurements below1000 MHz and peak measurements above 1000 MHz, theNotice effectively proposed to change the emission stan-dards applicable to field disturbance sensors. In commentsaddressing this proposal, Allen-Bradley requests that fielddisturbance sensors continue to be subject to averageemission measurements for all frequencies. Allen-Bradleyalso requests that an allowance for peak emissions up to20 dB above the average limits be permitted to accom-modate field disturbance sensors that use pulsed emis-sions. Gillespie, Prudhon & Associates, Inc. and WilkensEngineering request increased power levels for field dis-turbance sensors, up to as high as one watt. As discussedin paragraph 94, we concur with the comments fromAllen-Bradley and are retaining the specification of aver-age emission limits with a con-esponding limit on peakemissions equal to 20 dB above the maximum permittedaverage limits. The combination of average and peakemission limits is sufficient to control potential interfer-ence. We are not adopting the proposal from Gillespie,Prudhon & Associates, Inc. and Wilkens Engineering topermit field disturbance sensors to operate at higher pow-er levels. Their comments did not provide justification forthis power level and did not provide any indication thatsuch higher power levels would not result in interferenceto other radio services.

53. Cable Locating Equipment. Cable locating equip-ment'8 currently is regulated under the provisions of Sec-tion 15.7 of the rules. In view of the proposed deletion ofSection 15.7, the regulations proposed in the Noticewould have required cable locating equipment to meetemission standards similar to those in the current Section15.111, along with additional requirements such as cer-tification of the transmitter and operation with an an-tenna of the type provided by the grantee. A number ofcomments suggest changes to these standards. The FisherResearch Laboratory suggests that we define cable locatingequipment as test equipment, exempt from the regula-tions; define the pipes and cables as not constituting an-tennas; provide alternative specifications such as amaximum input power of one watt with the frequencyband restricted to 70-90 kHz and 160-190 kHz; or, requiretesting at three typical installations for certification.Dynatel requests the Commission to place cable locatingequipment under the verification procedure and to imple-ment standards based on power output, limiting outputpower to no more than one watt over the frequency band45-490 kHz and ten watts over the frequency band 9-45kI-Jz. Dynatel states that ten watts at the lower frequencyrange is needed to permit the location of long fiber opticcables. Metrotech filed similar comments but requests thatan output power of 50 watts be permitted to allow thelocation of 40 mile long fiber optic cables buried five feetdeep.

54. Cable locating systems do not appear to have everbeen a source of radio frequency interference in the manyyears that they have been operated. These devices are usedintermittently and for relatively short periods of time.Thus, the Commission agrees with Dynatel that thesedevices should be authorized under our verification pro-cedure. Further, because the electrical properties of thepipe or cable that is used as the "antenna" cannot beknown in advance of each use of the detection equip-ment, the level of the radiated field strength will varywith each use of the equipment. For this reason, we agree

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with the comments that a limit on maximum outputpower over a specified frequency range is a more appro-priate standard for this type of equipment. Accordingly,we are adopting a power output limit of 10 watts over thefrequency range 9-45 kHz and one watt over the fre-quency range 45-490 kHz, as proposed by Dynatel. Inaddition, we are requiring cable locating equipment tocomply with the AC power line conducted emission lim-its for those devices that connect to the AC power line.

3. New Bands55. In the Notice, we proposed to authorize the opera-

tion of Part 15 devices on a number of new frequencybands, namely the frequency bands allocated to industrial,scientific and medical (ISM) devices, ' at higher emissionlevels. These frequency bands are: 13.553-13.567 MHz,26.96-27.28 MHz, 40.66-40.70 MHz, 902-928 MHz,2400-2483.5 MHz, 5725-5875 MHz, and 24.0-24.25 0Hz.As under the general limits, operation within these bandswould not entail restrictions on channelization,bandwidth, type of modulation, or type of operation. TheCommission stated that establishment of these new bandswould enable manufacturers to introduce new equipmentproviding major benefits to consumers and to take advan-tage of new technologies without the need for Commis-sion rule making.

56. A number of commenters object to permitting theoperation of Part 15 devices on [SM frequency bands.FAA indicates that allowing operation of Part 15 deviceson the ISM bands is a disservice to the public, as thereare many Government and commercial operations withhigh powered transmissions within and adjacent to thesebands. FAA states that [SM bands allocated to the govern-ment should riot become locations for concentrations ofPart 15 devices. Other comments, such as those of Allen-Bradley and GE, express the belief that such a largenumber of Part 15 users might operate on the ISM bandsthat the Commission might decide to implement restric-tions on authorized ISM users to protect the operators ofPart 15 devices from interference. The League and in-dividual ARS operators object to allowing Part 15 deviceswithin ISM frequency bands allocated to the AmateurRadio Service, citing the possibility of interference both toand from Part 15 operation. 20

57. GM, on the other hand, supports the use of theproposed new bands by Part 15 devices. GM states thatthe FCC should leave the decision of whether any highpower transmission, be it from ISM equipment, U. S.Government systems, or amateur radio, will cause inter-ference to a Part 15 device to the manufacturer and itsengineering staff. SEIA, in its comments, states that Part18 devices are allowed unlimited radiation in the [SMbands, and, since both Part 18 and Part 15 devices areregulated to protect authorized services, these devicesshould be treated similarly with respect to emission limits.Other comments from the manufacturers of control andsecurity alarm devices request that a new classification beestablished under Part 15 to permit higher emissions lev-els for Part 15 devices located in industrial, commercialor business establishments. They indicate such an ap-proach would be similar to the differentiation betweenClass A and Class B computers. 2! In support of thisapproach they indicate that spurious emissions fromtransmitters in the authorized radio services are nowpermitted at higher levels than emissions from Part 15devices. NTTIA responds to these comments by stating that

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the number of transmitters in the authorized services is asmall fraction of the number of Part 15 devices. NTIAalso states that interference from a licensed transmittergenerally can more easily be traced and eliminated thaninterference from Part 15 devices because the frequencyand location of a licensed station are ordinarily known,whereas it is more difficult and expensive to locate andeliminate a multitude of Part 15 devices.

58. We continue to believe that there are many possibleapplications for Part 15 devices within these ISM bands.The fact that these frequencies may not be suitable forcertain consumer devices is not a reason to prohibit Part15 operation. We note that presently there are many Part15 applications that are tolerant of interference or isolatedfrom potential interference sources. We believe that man-ufacturers, if given the opportunity to use the [SM fre-quencies, will develop many new and practical uses ofPart 15 devices. Thus, we will not restrict the use of thesebands by Part 15 equipment because of the possibility ofinterference to that equipment by equipment operatingunder other rule parts.

59. We also believe that the probability that Part 15operations will cause interference to authorized servicesin the ISM bands above 900 MHz is low. First, the rate atwhich radiated emissions are attenuated, especially fromintervening objects, is quite high in these bands. Second,the potential for the Part 15 device to receive interferenceis much greater than the potential for the Part 15 deviceto cause interference. Because of the possible applicationswhich exist for viable uses of these bands, the proposedrules are being implemented.

60. As for requests from SEIA that Part 15 devices bepermitted to operate with additional field strength in thebands allocated for ISM operation under Part 18, we notethat Part 18 is an authorized service. Part 18 devices arepermitted to radiate without a limit on the level of radi-ation only in those frequency bands in which ISM opera-tion is the primary authorized service. Part 18 devicesoperated in this manner are not required to provide anyprotection from interference to other authorized serviceslocated within the ISM bands. For this reason and thepotential for such Part 15 devices to cause interference toauthorized radio services located in the ISM bands, we aredenying SEIA's request. Further, we find that the requestby the manufacturers of control and security alarm de-vices to establish a special classification under the Part 15rules permitting higher emissions is beyond the scope ofthis proceeding. We also note that, in many instances, theneed for higher emissions levels can be met throughoperation under one of the authorized services. En view ofthe absence of interference protection for Part 15 devices,it would appear that, wherever possible, operation underthe authorized services would be preferable to operationunder the Part 15 rules. We therefore encourage partieswith need to operate RF equipment at higher emissionslevels than those permitted herein to seek authorizationunder. other provisions of our rules.

4. Restricted Bands61. Frequency Bands Designated as Restricted. In the

Notice, we proposed to prohibit the operation of Part 15intentional radiators on the frequencies used by certainsensitive radio services, i.e., frequency bands allocated forservices involving safety-of.life or for services that utilizevery low received signal levels. 22 These proposed re-stricted bands were coordinated with the NTJA prior to

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the release of the Notice. Only spurious emissions at orbelow the general field strength limits would be permittedwithin these bands. We also questioned the need to estab-lisli or maintain restricted bands for transmitters operatedbelow 70 MHz. We indicated that it appeared that theproposed general limits below 70 MHz would be suffi-ciently low to provide adequate interference protectionfor sensitive services without the need for restricted bands.

62. A number of commenting parties request that otherfrequency bands be specified as restricted bands in addi-tion to those proposed in the Notice. USCG, NTIA, andseveral others propose that the Loran C radionavigationband, 90-110 kHz, be designated as restricted. NTIA alsorequests that these bands be restricted: 1) 162.0125-164.43MHz, 164.72-166.73 MHz, and 167.72473.2 MHz, forwind shear detection around airports and to warn pilotswhen emergency action is needed, for protection of na-tional. and visiting foreign dignitaries, and for tracking ofwildlife; 2) 821-824 MHz and 866-869 MHz, for nation-wide common spectrum for Federal, state and local disas-ter relief teams, hospitals, emergency relief groups, etc.;and, 3) 1718.8-1722.2 MHz, for radio astronomy.AFTRCC and Rockwell request that the aeronauticalflight test voice communications frequencies, 2.8-22 MHzand 123.2-123.8 MHz, and the aeronautical flight testtelemetry frequencies, 1435-1530 MHz, be restricted. NABasks that the commercial broadcast radio and televisionbands, 530-1610 kI-lz, 54-72 MHz, 76-108 MHz, 174-216MHz and 47 0-806 MHz, and part of the television broad-cast auxiliary bands, 2450-2483,5 MHz, be restricted.EIA/LMRS asks that the land mobile bands be restricted.The Pacific Companies 23 ask that the common carriermicrowave bands be restricted. The League and manyindividual amateur operators ask that the bands allocatedto the Amateur Radio Service be restricted. A number ofindividual comments request that the bands allocated forInternational Broadcast (shortwave) stations be restricted.The FAA requests that most other frequency bands al-located for use by the U. S. Government, 0.19-0.435 MHz,0.51-0.535 MHz, 118-137 MHz, 162-174 MHz, 225-400MHz, 406-420 MHz, 1215-1400 MHz, 1710-1850 MHz,2700-3000 MHz, 7125-8500 MHz, 14.5-15.35 0Hz and21.2-23.6 0Hz, be restricted.

63. Several parties, particularly manufacturers of con-trol and security alarm devices, object to the expansion ofthe restricted bands beyond those specified in the currentregulations. For example, SEIA objects to the concept thatgovernmental users have a right to determine what levelsof emissions will be tolerated and in what frequencybands. SEIA further states that the Interdepartment RadioAdvisory Committee (IRAC) under NTIA will not pro-vide details about actual users' activities in these bands,making it impossible for SEIA or others to challenge theassumption that protection is needed. ITI states that be-cause the Notice did not examine the actual usage in thesebands, no rationale exists for the FCC to make a deter-mination to restrict them. Transcience alleges that fre-quencies are made exclusive to the U. S. Government bya process not based on interference but merely on poten-tial interference, no matter how unlikely the possibilitythat actual interference will occur. DORCMA contendsthat proponents of additional restricted bands generallyoffer no support for their request, other than to assert theimportance of their operations in those bands. DORCMAstates that, for example, NTIA does not supply any data orarguments with respect to the susceptibility or likelihood

of interference to the 821-824 MHz and 866-869 MHzbands. Linear requests that all existing and proposed re-stricted bands be made available for use by Part 15 devicesabsent a factual supported showing that interference willbe caused by such devices. Linear further objects to pro-tecting passive uses of the spectrum, such as radio astron-omy, and adds that spurious emissions from theauthorized radio services, such as Part 90, are permitted athigher levels than that produced- by Part 15 devices, ren-dering arguments in favor of retaining the proposed re-stricted bands arbitrary and capricious.

64. Comments from some manufacturers of Part 15devices request that operation of other Part 15 devices beprohibited in certain frequency bands. Micrilor and OCIask that the 902-928 MHz band be restricted to spreadspectrum operations to provide interference protection totheir planned spread spectrum system. Sensormatic wantsthe 902-928 MHz and 2400-2500 MHz band restricted topermit only field disturbance sensors in order to provideinterference protection to their Part 15 anti-shopliftingsensor tags. Sensormatic states that we should restrictother devices from these bands, including spread spec-trum devices, in order to protect Part 15 operations thathave become established under the current regulations.RADAR Inc. requests that the bands used by poLice radardetectors, 10.50-10.55 0Hz and 24.05-24.25 0Hz, be re-stricted.

65. NTIA and a number of others support the applica-tion of restricted bands below 70 MHz, stating that suchrestrictions are needed to prevent interference to the au-thorized services operating in those bands. A number ofcomments request an exemption from the proposed stan-dard that only spurious emissions would be permitted inthe restricted bands. Schlage requests a clarification thatswept frequency field disturbance sensors would not beforeclosed from operating in certain restricted bands astheir equipment currently operates in the proposed re-stricted bands between 2 and 30 MHz without interfer-ence. Checkpoint, which has a swept frequency fielddisturbance sensor operating arotind 8.2 MHz, makes asimilar request. Dynatel indicates that there are a largenumber of passive electronic markers used by telephonecompanies that should be exempted from the restrictedbands. These markers are used to indicate location pointsfor underground cables that must eventually be relocated.It states that these markers, when interrogated by a trans-mitter, respond with a signal at 101.4 kHz. The interrogat-ing transmitter produces a radiated signal level of about 5uV/m at 75 meters which is less than that stated by USCOas needed to protect Loran C operation at 100 kHz.

66. We continue to believe that only those frequencybands allocated for services involving safety-of-life or forservices that are required by the nature of their operationto use signals received at very low received levels shouldbe designated as restricted bands. We, therefore, are des-ignating as restricted from operation by Part 15 devicesthose bands proposed to be restricted ip the Notice andsome of the bands requested to be designated as restrictedby the commenting parties. The additional bands are:

(1) 90-110 kF-lz: Loran C radionavigation systemsused for radionavigation by aircraft, ships, and, inthe near future, land vehicles;

(2) 123.2-123.8 MHz: aeronautical flight test voicecommunications; 26

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(3) 162.0125-164.43 MHz, 164.72-166.73 MHz, and167.72-173.2 MHz: wind shear detection around air-ports and to warn piiots when emergency action isneeded, protection of national and visiting foreigndignitaries, and tracking of wildlife;

(4) 1435-1530 MHz and 23 10-2390 MHz: aeronau-tical flight test telemetry; and,

(5) 1718.8-1722.2 MHz: radio astronomy.

We believe that it is not necessary to include the broad-cast services, the amateur radio service and otheroperations raised by the commenters in the list of re-stricted bands. The emission limits being adopted in thisproceeding should be adequate to protect these operationsfrom interference. Further, since Part 15 devices mustoperate without protection from interference, we will notrestrict bands used under Part 15 to operation by specificdevices except where such a restriction is needed to re-duce the potential for interference to the authorized ser-vices.

67. We conclude that the restricted bands below 70MHz should be implemented to provide additional inter-ference protection to the designated authorized radio ser-vices. Nevertheless, we will permit certain radio frequencyoperations within these bands at frequencies below 70MHz. These operations are swept frequency field distur-bance sensors, transmitters used by telephone companiesto detect electronic markers, and cable locating equip-ment.

68. There are several swept frequency field disturbancesensor systems currently in operation on frequencies inthe band 1.705-30 MHz. These systems have been operatedwithout any known instances of interference to authorizedradio services. We believe that these existing operationscan be allowed to continue since they place signals in therestricted bands for only short periods of time. We notethat the next highest restricted frequency band above 30MHz is 373-38.25 MHz. Accordingly, we will permit thecontinued operation of swept frequency field disturbancesensors in the band 1.705-37 MHz; provided, 1) the fre-quency sweep must not stop with the fundamental emis-sion located within a restricted band; and, 2) thefundamental emission must be located outside of the re-stricted bands more than 99 percent of the time that thedevice is actively transmitting.

69. We recognize that telephone companies presentlyoperate transmitters at 101.4 kHz to locate electronicmarkers used to determine the location of buried cable.The 90 to 110 kHz band is used for Loran C operationsand is being designated as a restricted band. Nevertheless,we are exempting these transmitters from the requirementthat only spurious emissions are permitted in the re-stricted bands. These devices are used only intermittentlyby trained operators. Thus, the potential for interferencebeing caused to Loran C operations is minimal. For simi-lar reasons, we also are exempting cable locating equip-ment operated on frequencies below 490 kHz. Suchequipment has never been found to be a source of inter-ference.

70. Limits for Spurious Emissions in the Restricted Bands.The Notice proposed to limit spurious emissions in therestricted bands to the same levels as the general fieldstrength limits. A number of comments suggest differentspurious emission limits. NTIA requests that the proposedlimits in the restricted bands below 960 MHz be reduced

as follows:

Frequency Band

Proposed Limit

NTIA Limit(MHZ)

(uV/m at 3m)

(uVfm at 3m)

30.88

100

1588-216

iSO

27216 - 960

200

67Above 960

500

500

NTIA states that its proposed emission limits are based oncalculations of the theoretical noise level of "typical"radio receivers. 27 It states that these more restrictivelimits are necessary to provide adequate protection toreceivers against the cumulative effects of multiple Part 15devices. CORF requests that the limits for spurious emis-sions in the restricted bands be based on the thresholddata contained in CCIR (International Radio ConsultativeCommittee) Report 224-5. 28 CORF further requests thatwe require spurious emissions in the restricted bands tobe attenuated at least 12 dB below the general limits or, asan alternative, that the limits on emissions in certainpassive radio astronomy bands 29 be specified as 125 uV/mor 200 uV/m at 3 meters. CORF states that if the emissionlimits are reduced by 6 to 12 dB below the levels pro-posed in the Notice, it would not object to the use ofaverage limits, as it uses average detection techniques forits receivers. CORF and others also request that theserestricted bands and their associated emission limits applyto devices operated under Part 18 of our rules. 30

71. Manufacturers of control and security alarm devicesrequest that the limits for spurious emissions within therestricted frequency bands be increased. Chamberlain andothers support the proposed spurious emission limits butargue that these limits should be based on average mea-surements. Genie requests that the limit above 216 MHzbe increased to 1000 uVfm at 3 meters. Stanley wants theemission limit above 1000 MHz increased to 1000 uV/mat 3 meters, as measured by an average detector.DORCMA requests that average measurements be re-tained for emission limits in the restricted bands.DORCMA states that, by converting to CISPR quasi-peakmeasurements, the permitted emission limits are reducedby 4 to 13 dB below what would be allowed if averagedetectors were permitted. It further argues .that if mea-surements were made with a peak detector, as proposed inthe Notice for frequencies above 1000 MHz, the level ofemissions would be reduced by 5 to 15 dB below the levelof emissions that would be permitted if measurementswere made by an average detector.

72. We note that I1TIA's calculations represent thetheoretical noise level generated within a receiver underideal conditions. They do not take into considerationexisting background noise levels and other noise sourceswhich must be exceeded in order for a signal to bedetected. NTIA's calculations appear to represent a worstcase situation. NTIA also has not supplied any informa-tion detailing the cumulative effect referenced in theircomments. Further, we do not believe that spurious emis-sions at the limits proposed in the Notice would causeinterference problems to the authorized services. As statedby GM, there is no evidence that licensed communicationservices have been significantly impacted by the wide-spread proliferation of computing devices operating underthe proposed limits. For these reasons, we are not adopt-ing NTIA's proposal for tighter emission limits for therestricted bands.

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of ten years to allow receiver manufacturers sufficienttime to develop equipment that complies with the newemission standards.

76. A number of comments object to the proposedlimits. For example, PCA states that the limits are toostrict and proposes that receivers be subject to the limitsapplied to Class A (non-residential) digital devices.EIA/CEG wants the proposed limits relaxed with no limitapplied above 960 MHz. Thomson CE believes that higherlimits on local oscillator frequency components should bepermitted for superheterodyne receivers as these are not aknown source of interference. it adds that the proposedlimits are too strict for TV and radio receivers. SpectrumMeasurement Corp. requests that the limits applied to the40.68 MHz and 915 MHz ISM bands be deleted since ISMdevices are permitted to radiate at any signal level. '

77. A number of comments object to our establishingemission limits and test requirements above 1000 MHz.For example, CBEMA states that there is no basis for alimit above 1000 MHz. CBEMA submits that there havebeen no indications of objectionable interference fromunintentional radiators at the higher frequencies and theimposition of limits above 1000 MHz is arbitrary andcapricious. AT&T states that frequencies above 1000 MHzhave limited transmission range, and there is little, if any,evidence that interference has occurred in this range.AT&T adds that we have not defined test methods above1000 M}-{z and the current information on test site cali-bration only goes to 1000 MHz. IDCMA states that manu-facturers have made substantial investments in testequipment that is capable of testing only below 1000MHz. IDCMA adds that the Commission must compilebetter information concerning the costs, availability andaccuracy of test equipment that can measure above 1000MHz and the likelihood of harmful interference occurringabove 1000 MHz before implementing these regulations.IBM states that an increase in the range of measurementscould add 10-15 percent to the time required for testing,adding that we should rely on the non-interference re-quirement for Part 15 devices rather than requiring ademonstration of compliance with emission limits above1000 MHz. Further, a number of commenting partiesindicate that the range of measurement tabl,e for uninten-tional radiators requires clarification.

78. PBS states that the proposed limits for unintentionalradiators appear reasonable and prudent. PBS opposes anyrelaxation of the TV receiver local oscillator radiationlimits, adding that the near universal use of solid statedevices and other improvements in TV receiver tunershave eased the burden of meeting emission specificationsand dramatically lowered the cost of doing so. PBS statesthat the costs imposed by both the existing and proposedlimits for TV broadcast receivers are negligible. Chamber-lain, supported by many of the comments from amateuroperators, also opposes higher limits for TV receivers,stating that these receivers are the single largest source ofpotential interference to licensed services. Genie statesthat the Commission should prescribe the same emissionlimits for all unintentional radiators since they are allcapable of causing interference to the authorized servicesoperating in the restricted bands. NTIA urges the Com-mission to reduce the permitted emission limits below thelevels proposed to be allowed for intentional radiators.NTIA states that present day radio and TV receivers aresources of interference. NTIA further states that the spec-trum above 1000 MHz contains restricted bands and many

73. The arguments presented by CORF are similar tothose contained in their comments to Docket No. 86-422.CORF and the National Radio Astronomy Observatoryjointly filed a Petition for Reconsideration of our Reportand Order in Docket No. 86-422, requesting that thespurious emission limits in the restricted bands between1000-5000 MHz that are allocated for radio astronomy bereduced from 500 uVfm to 125 uV/m. This matter wasaddressed by the Commission and resolved in an orderadopted February 10, 1989. In accordance with thatorder, we are retaining the emission limit of 500 uV/m at3 meters, based on an average measurement, for spuriousemissions from Part 15 devices that are located within therestricted bands above 1000 MHz. However, we wish toemphasize that we expect the actions being taken in thisOrder, making all Part 15 intentional radiators subject tothe restricted bands and establishing emission limits above1000 MI-Iz, to reduce the level of emissions which appearin the radio astronomy bands from all Part 15 devices.

74. As stated above, we are retaining the emission limitestablished in Docket No. 86-422 for radio frequencysignals appearing in the restricted frequency bands above1000 MHz. Arguments from the manufacturers of controland security alarm devices for increases in the permissiblelevel of emissions in this area of the spectrum wereaddressed in that earlier proceeding. Since no additionalinformation was filed in conjunclion with the Notice inthis proceeding, we are not persuaded to increase thatemission limit. In regard to the emission limits in therestricted bands below 1000 MHz, the levels proposed inthe Notice are 16.5 to 30.5 dB higher than the 15 uVlm at3 meters emission limit currently specified for controland security alarm devices. As noted by DORCMA, thechange from average measurements to CISPR quasi-peakmeasurements results in a reduction in the permittedsignal levels by 4 to 13 dB. Thus, the emission limitsproposed in the Notice are effectively 3.5 to 26.5 dBhigher than those specified under the current regulations.Therefore, we do not expect compliance with the spuriousemission limits for the restricted bands below 1000 MHzto present design problems for the manufacturers of con-trol and security alarm devices. We believe that the limitsproposed in the io1ice are sufficient to minimize theprobability that interference would be caused to autho-rized radio services in the restricted bands. For that rea-son, we are denying the requests from the manufacturersof control and security alarm devices to change theselimits.

5. Radiated Emission Limits for Unintentional Radiators75. Emission Limits. In the Notice, we proposed to apply

the same general emission limits we proposed for inten-tional radiators to unintentional radiators. Commentswere requested as to whether it would be desirable to,permit higher emission limits on the local oscillator fre-quency of a superheterodyne receiver. We stated that webelieved these limits to be well within the capability ofthe current state-of-the-art in radio frequency design tech-nology and that the limits appear to be sufficient to

rotect the authorized services from harmful interference.Further, we recognized that the suppression of radio

frequency emissions usually entails some costs in the de-sign and manufacture of such devices. Because the pro-posed general limits would result in a significantreduction in the permitted level of radiated emissionsfrom receivers, we proposed a liberal transition provision

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4 FCC Red No. 9

critical systems which need protection from interferencefrom Part 15 devices. NTIA submits that the frequenciesat which interference could be encountered are increasedby the higher clock speeds employed in digital devicesand other equipment incorporating digital devices. USCGand others request that an emission limit of 5 uV/m at300 meters be applied within the frequency band of90-110 kHz for unintentional radiators in order to protectLoran C operations at 100 kHz. NAB, NCTA and anumber of individual comments want the emission limitsto be tighter than what was proposed. Finally, MartinPrehm and other individuals request that the Commissionimplement limits that would provide interference protec-tion at a distance of about 10 feet.

79. As indicated in a number of the comments andbased on our own experience, unintentional radiators cancertainly be sources of interference. We believe that thelimits proposed in the Notice are sufficient to reduce thepossibility of such interference. These are the same limitsthat have been applied satisfactorily to residential com-puter products. We also believe that the limit on the levelof radio frequency energy conducted onto the ACpowerline is sufficient to protect Loran C operations and,therefore, that additional limits on radiated emissionswithin the band 90-110 kHz are not needed. Further, noevidence was submitted to justify higher limits for theemissions from the local oscillator in superheterodynereceivers. Such a relaxation in the limit on the localoscillator emission of a superheterodyne receiver couldlead to increased interference to the authorized services.

80. The spectrum above 1000 MHz contains many criti-cal radio services. There is a distinct need to provideinterference protection- to those radio services. Techno-logical advancements have permitted the manufacture ofinexpensive Part 15 consumer devices, particularly thoseincorporating digital circuitry, which have the capabilityof emitting high levels of unwanted RF signals above 1000MHz. Further, -we are adopting a number of generalapplication "consumer" bands for use by intentional ra-diators at higher frequencies. These intentional radiatorswill have potentially large numbers of associated receiversproducing emissions above 1Q00 MHz. Discussion con-cerning suitable Lest equipment, the calibration of mea-surement sites, and the sensitivity and proliferation ofequipment in the authorized services is contained in para-graph 98 of this Order and is applicable to the need formeasuring emissions from unintentional radiators at high-er frequency ranges. No evidence was submitted to justifytighter limits from unintentional radiators. Interferenceprotection at the distances requested by Martin Prehmand others could require the emission limits to be re-duced by as much as 20 dB. We believe that not only aresuch tighter standards economically infeasible but thatstandards should not be imposed to protect an operator ofa radio frequency device from self-inflicted interference.We believe that the limits being adopted in this Order canbe economically met by the manufacturers of uninten-tional radiators. Accordingly, we are adopting the emis-sion limits proposed in the Notice, as modified by the useof average emission limits above 1000 MHz with a cor-responding limit on peak- emissions 20 dB higher than themaximum permitted average limit.

81. We are revising the frequency ranges over whichradiated emissions must be measured from what was pro-posed in the Notice. First, in response to the commentswe are clarifying the table specifying the range of mea-

3506

surements. Second, since the local oscillator emissionsfrom superheterodyne receivers generally attenuate rap-idly at higher level harmonics, superheterodyne receiversthat do not employ digital devices need not be measuredbeyond the second harmonic of the highest local oscilla-tor frequency. Third, because of the degree of spectrumcongestion below 1000 MHz and the wide range of spec-trum over which digital devices generate radio frequencyemissions, we are retaining the current range of measure-ments for unintentional radiators operating between 1.705and 108 MHz, i.e., up to 1000 MHz. Fourth, we areeliminating radiated emission tests for most unintentionalradiators in which the highest frequency generated orused is less than 1.705 MHz. Such devices need only to bemeasured for emissions conducted onto the AC powerlines.

82. The changes to the emission limits being adopted inthis Order are expected to result in an eventual reductionin background radio spectrum noise levels and a decreasein interference to the authorized radio services. To ensurethat the application of these limits, including the increasesin the required range of measurement, does not presentmajor difficulties to the manufacturers of receivers, weare adopting the proposed ten year transition period. Thisten year period is appropriate because of the extensivechanges being made to the emission limits applied toreceivers. Since the changes in the standards being adopt-ed for unintentional radiators other than receivers are notsignificant, transition provisions of three years for au-thorization and five years for manufacture and importa-tion, as applied to intentional radiators, are beingimplemented for those devices. A detailed discussion ofthese transition provisions is provided below in this Re-port and Order.

83. Antenna Conducted L4mits for Receivers. In the No-tice, we proposed to limit the amount of radio frequencyenergy conducted from a receiver's antenna terminals tono greater than 2 nW. This proposal is consistent withCCIR Recommendation 478-3 and would limit interfer-ence to the authorized services reiulting from signals be-ing conducted from the receiver to the antenna. Underthe current regulations, receivers are tested for radiatedemissions with an antenna attached. The proposed changewould permit the radiated emission test on a receiver tobe conducted with the antenna terminals connected to ashielded termination, instead of having to employ an an-tenna, simplifying the test procedure.

84. In its comments, EIAJCEG objects to this proposaland states that emissions from receivers are primarilyfrom the chassis. Gillespie, Prudhon & Associates, Inc.and Wilkens Engineering request that receivers that tuneto the ISM bands be exempted from this requirementbecause the anticipated level of emissions from authorizedISM equipment can be expected to exceed normal re-ceiver radiation levels. Thomson CE requests that thisprovision be made optional, permitting receivers to bemeasured with an antenna connected or with the antennaterminals terminated. Thomson CE adds that the pro-posed limit could be troublesome for UHF TV tunershaving to meet critical noise figure requirements andcould compromise other desirable performance character-istics by eliminating potentially important performancedesign trade-offs and could add significantly to the cost ofthe tuner assembly.

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85. We do not agree with the comments of EIA/CEGthat emissions from receivers are primarily from the chas-sis. The point from which these emissions occur dependson the design of the receiver. If, as stated by EJA/CEG,the emissions are primarily from the chassis, compliancewith the antenna conducted limits would have no impacton the manufacturers of receivers. We also disagree withthe comment of Gillespie, Prudhon & Associates, Inc. andWilkens Engineering. While there are a large number ofauthorized operations conducted within the frequencybands allocated primarily for ISM devices, these autho-rized operations are not subject to the non-interferencerequirement applicable to Part 15 devices. 40 Part 15devices must operate on the condition that interferencenot be caused to the authorized services. Thus, there is aneed to reduce the emissions from Part 15 devices to alevel sufficient to lower the probability that interferencewill be received by the authorized services. However, wedo agree with Thomson CE that the test for antennaconducted emissions should be made optional and are soamending the regulations. Thus, the responsible party hasthe following options: 1) measure the radiated emissionsfrom the receiver with an antenna connected to the an-tenna terminals of the receiver and without the need tomeasure the level of the antenna power conducted emis-sions; or, 2) measure the radiated emissions from thereceiver with the antenna terminals terminated andshielded and measure the level of the power at the an-tenna terminals. In either case, the level of the radiatedemissions from the receiver would be attenuated suffi-ciently to reduce the probability that interference to theauthorized services would result.

86. Frequency Range of Receivers. In the Notice, theCommission proposed to apply the general emission stan-dards to CB receivers and to all receivers that operate inthe frequency range 30-1000 MHz. Under the currentrules, only CB receivers and receivers that operate in thefrequency bands 30-901 MHz and 935-940 MHz are sub-ject to emission standards. In addition, the Notice invitedcomments regarding the need to further expand the fre-quency range over which receivers would be subject tothe standards. Only two comments address this proposal.Rockwell objects to expanding the frequency range forreceivers above 960 MHz generally as this also wouldinclude receivers employed for aircraft distance measuringequipment and air traffic control transponders fromwhich there have been no known interference problems.CORF recommends that receivers that tune up to 1427MHz be subject to the general emission limits to protectradio astronomy operations. We agree with Rockwell thatreceivers associated with aircraft distance measuringequipment and air traffic control transponders have notbeen found to be sources of interference, Further, theneed to regulate receivers operating within the frequencyband 960-1427 MHz has not been sufficiently justified byCORF. Thus, we are amending the regulations to applythe emission standards to CB receivers and receivers thatoperate in the frequency range of 30-960 MHz.

87. Power Line Carrier Systems (PLC's). PLC's are car-.ncr current systems employed by electric power utilityentities on their transmission lines, excluding those linesthat connect the distribution substation to the customer orhouse wiring, for protective relaying, telemetry, and othergeneral supervision of the power system. PLC's arepermitted to operate within the frequency range of 10-490kHz without a limit on the level of the radiated emissions.

FCC 89-103

Power line carrier telephone and data systems are notpermitted under these provisions, unless operated by theelectric power utility under the stated conditions. In-formation regarding PLC's must be supplied to an in-dustry-operated entity recognized by both the Commissionand the NTIA, in accordance with Section 90.63(g) of ourrules. As with other Part 15 devices, PLC's operate underthe conditions that interference not be caused to otherradio operations and any interference that is receivedmust be accepted. No changes were proposed in the No-tice affecting the rules on PLC's.

88. The IJSCG, FAA, NTIA and others request thatpower line carrier systems be subject to limits on theamount of radio frequency energy radiated within theband 75-125 kHz. They indicate that this is needed toprovide additional interference protection to Loran C op-erations at 100 kI-Iz. The USCG supplied a table showingthe maximum level of radiated emissions which could betolerated from PLC's within the frequency band 75-125kHz without interference to Loran C operations. Thesecomments also request that data concerning the operatingcharacteristics of PLC's be made public to facilitate thelocation of interference sources to Loran C operations. Asstated by the FAA, a non-interference basis condition cannot be established unless the Loran C user has access toPLC technical and operational information including fre-quency, power, emission type, transmitter and receiverlocations, duty cycle, duration of transmissions, etc. Ob-jections to the changes sought by USCO and other com-ments were filed by UTC. UTC asserts that the publicrelease of data regarding PLC operations, as required to befiled under Section 90.63(g) of our rules, would exposeelectric utilities to tremendous security risks. UTC addsthat, because data on PLC operations reveals sensitiveinformation vital to national security, release must becarefully controlled. IJTC notes that a proposal to restrictPLC operation is premature as a method of disseminatinginformation, to be established by an agreement betweenthe Commission and NTIA, is under development.

89. While there were a number of substantive argu-ments in favor of limiting the emissions from PLC's with-in the frequency band of 75-125 kHz, we are not adoptinglimits at this time. Requiring compliance with the emis-sion limits sought by USCO would mandate electric utili-ties to perform radiated emission measurements on allpower lines used for PLC operation. This would be anextremely burdensome requirement for the electric utili-ties and would serve only to limit interference to Loran Creception by vehicles and aircraft that are located ex-tremely close to power lines carrying PLC information.We would expect that, normally, those vehicles and air-craft would be near enough to the power lines to receiveinterference to Loran C reception for only short periodsof time and could move a small distance from the powerlines, if necessary, to alleviate the problem. Thus, it ap-pears that the regulatory burden caused by imposingemission limits on PLC's would be excessive consideringthe possible limited benefits. Since PLC's must still op-erate under the condition that interference to the au-thorized radio services is not permitted, we are notadopting the limits to PLC operation proposed by theUSCG and others. Further, we agree with UTC that itwould be premature to order the immediate public re-lease of PLC information prior to the finalization of theagreement between the Commission and NTIA. The nec-

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FCC 89-103

essary information will become available in a mannerworked out in that agreement. The agreement is no! beingconstrained by this rule making proceeding.

C. Measurement Techniques90. The Notice proposed a number of measurement

techniques which would apply to Part 15 devices. Thesemeasurement techniques are discussed in the followingparagraphs. While several comments object to the Com-mission establishing new standards without interested par-ties being able to simultaneously review the updatedmeasurement procedures, the Notice addressed the mea-surement standards that could affect substantially the levelof the emission being measured. Further, it was indicatedin the Notice that updated measurement procedures forall intentional and unintentional radiators would be pro-posed soon for public comment. Thus, interested partieswill have the opportunity to comment on any changes tothe measurement procedures that may apply to theirequipment.

91. Detector Functions of Measuring fnstruinents. Thecurrent Part 15 regulations express most field strengthlimits, and some conducted limits, in terms of the averagevalue of the emission. In the Notice, we proposed the useof measurement instrumentation with a CISPR quasi-peakdetector for radiated and conducted measurements below1000 MHz. We indicated that the use of such a detectorwould provide a better indication of the interference po-tential of an emission. Further, the general emission lim-its were established based on CISPR quasi-peakmeasurements. We also proposed that emissions above1000 MHz would be measured, using a peak detector.However, we recognized that control and security alarmdevices and other periodic operations conducted underthe current rules, would be significantly impacted by achange to quasi-peak measurements due to the extensiveuse of pulsed emissions by those devices. Therefore, theNotice proposed to retain average limits for such devices,except for emissions within the restricted bands, The No-tice also proposed to place an associated limit on peakemissions for periodic transmitters, equal to 20 dB abovethe maximum permitted average limits.

92. A number of objectins were raised against therequired use of CISPR quasi-peak and peak measure-ments, mostly by the manufacturers of control and secu-rity alarm devices. Many of the comments state that thequasi-peak detector function was designed to measure thedegradation of broadcast signals and that it was not nec-essarily intended for signals at the frequencies used byPart 15 devices. DORCMA and individual control andsecurity alarm device manufacturers contend that averagemeasurements provide a better indication of the interfer-ence potential of a device. DORCMA adds that thechange to peak measurements above 1000 MHz wouldresult in a reduction in permitted signal levels of 5 to 15dB and that such a reduction is unreasonable, unnec-essary and would cause unjustifiable economic hardship.SEJA and others 'argue that if average measurements areacceptable to reduce the potential for interference by thefundamental and spurious emissions of control and secu-rity alarm devices to services on non-restricted bands, theyshould also be acceptable to prevent interference to theauthorized services in the restricted bands. Further, SEIAalleges that narrow band receivers tend to be immune topeak emissions. SEIA requests that the emission limitsabove 1000 MHz be increased by 20 dB if peak detectors

are required. SEIA also states that eliminating averagemeasurements in the restricted bands would require man-ufacturers to reduce output power to comply with thequasi-peak limits. Genie and Linear state that quasi-peakdetectors will not provide uniform and neutral results, areinherently equipment sensitive, and are capable of yield-ing inaccurate measurements. CBEMA requests that aver-age measurements be applied to digital devices forbroadband emissions. NEMA requests that average mea-surements continue to be used for measurements of theemissions of field disturbance sensors. NEMA and GEstate that quasi-peak measurements are appropriate for theEuropean regulatory approach that permits the operationof equipment that complies with the limits even if inter-ference is caused. They argue that such measurements arenot appropriate for the U. S. where operation must ceaseif interference is caused. Thus, they contend that thelimits for Part 15 devices do not need to be as strict.

93. In contrast, a number of comments support thechange from measurement instrumentation using an aver-age detector to instrumentation using a CISPR quasi-peakor peak detector. CDC states that the quasi-peak detectorwas designed to correlate best with the perceptibility ofnoise, i.e., interference, and, unlike average detectors, pre-vents systems from using shorter duty cycles to obtainhigher emission levels which are not indicated with aver-age measurements. NTIA states that average measurementswere appropriate when amplitude and frequency modula-tion with constant carriers were the only types of non-licensed devices in use. NTIA in support of the use ofCISPR quasi-peak and peak measurements, adds that cur-rent equipment uses suppressed carrier, pulsed and spreadspectrum modulation. Hence, more sophisticated mea-surement techniques are required. Digital, while also re-questing higher limits on conducted emissions, wants thestandards to be stated in terms of average and quasi-peakand to require measurements for both.

94. We continue to believe that the use of measurementinstrumentation employing a CISPR 42 quasi-peak detec-tor is appropriate for measuring .emissions from Part 15devices below 1000 MHz. As indicated by CDC andNTIA, the parameters of the CISPR quasi-peak detectorwere designed to consider the interference potential ofradio frequency emissions to the authorized radio services,including those services allocated on the frequency bandsemployed by control and security alarm devices. Thequasi-peak detector provides a better indication of theenergy being radiated by the Part 15 device that could bedetected as interference by a receiver in the authorizedradio services than would be provided by average or peakdetectors. As an alternative to C1SPR quasi-peak mea-surements, we will permit the measurement of emissionswith instrumentation employing a peak detector with ameasurement bandwidth equivalent to that of a CISPP.quasi-peak detector. This is appropriate since peak mea-surements will result in levels equal to or greater thanthose obtained by the quasi-peak detector. However, weremain concerned that implementing CISPR quasipeakmeasurements 'below 1000 MHz for all Part 15 deviceswould result in a need for many manufacturers to dis-continue the production of a several existing deviceswhich have not been demonstrated to be sources of inter-ference. For that reason, we are retaining the use ofmeasurement instrumentation employing an average de-tector, as was applied to periodic transmitters, for alloperations currently permitted under Part 15 except fo

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of the art in measurement techniques. The present rulesdo not require emissions from most intentional radiatorsto be measured above 1000 MHz. DORCMA and othermanufacturers of control and security alarm devices ob-ject to this proposal due to the increased cost of testingand test equipment. They state that no rationale was pro-vided for this change and there is no need for measuringemissions at higher frequencies. Genie requests 2000 MHzto be the upper limit for measuring emissions. Linearstates that the FCC does not have procedures for thecalibration of measurement test sites above 1000 MHz.Pittway adds that at frequencies above 2000 MHz the levelof emissions attenuates so significantly that there is virtu-ally no likelihood of harmful interference and it is tin-likely that signals at the higher order harmonics could bedetected above the typical noise floor of available testequipment.

97. NTIA, in its comments, notes that the spectrumabove 1000 MHz contains a number of restricted bandsand many critical systems. NTIA adds that the risk ofinterference from intentional radiators is increased by thesophisticated modulation techniques employed in newerPart 15 devices as well as by advances in radio frequencytechnology that permit the use of higher carrier frequen-cies. NTIA concludes that these technologies make it like-ly that spurious emissions will be produced above 1000MHz and that the proposal to test to the tenth harmonicis reasonable.

98. In addition to the view expressed by NTIA, we seeseveral additional reasons for requiring a demonstration ofcompliance with the emission limits at higher frequencyranges. First, authorized radio services are increasinglyusing frequency bands above 1000 MHz. Second, theequipment used by the authorized radio services, includ-ing equipment used above 1000 MHz. similarly is growingmore sensitive. The cost to manufacturers of Part 15devices for new test equipment and for the additionaltime needed to perform such tests is not sufficient jus-tification for limiting the frequency range of requiredmeasurements to a fixed frequency such as 2000 MHz.The necessary test equipment is readily available. We alsonote that most manufacturers of control and securityalarm transmitters already are required to test to 2000MHz. Generally, test equipment that can be used to mea-sure to 2000 MHz also can be used to test up to the tenthharmonic of currently manufactured control and securityalarm devices. Thus, we reject the argument that ourproposal will impose high costs by requiring the purchaseof additional test equipment. Further, while manufactur-ers of Part 15 devices have been required to test above1000 MHz for some time, the lack of specific test sitecalibration procedures from the Commission for frequen-cies above 1000 MHz has not caused problems with thesetests in the past. Thus, we do not consider the argumentthat there is no published test site calibration informationfor testing above 1000 MHz to be sufficient reason toadopt an alternate requirement for the range of frequen-cies to be measured. Finally, a demonstration of compli-ance with the regulations at frequencies to the tenthharmonic is required for most equipment operating underthe other Commission rule parts, e.g., equipment which isauthorized under our type acceptance procedure. Thistesting requirement does not appear to cause substantialburdens to the manufacturers of equipment used in theauthorized services. For these reasons we are adopting theproposal to require testing of Part 15 intentional radiators

operation in the band 0.51-L705 MHz and non-periodicoperation in the band 40.66-40.70 MHz, e.g., perimeterprotection systems. The application of measurementswith a CISPR quasi-peak detector is being employed with-in these bands to provide additional interference protec-tion to AM broadcast stations and because the band40.66-40.70 MHz is being expanded to permit generaltypes of Part 15 operation. The impact to perimeter pro-tection systems, the only non-periodic system presentlybeing operated in the band 40.66-40.70 MHz, from thechange in measurement technique is minimized by theincreased field strength limit that is being adopted. How-ever, we also recognize that allowing the continued ap-plication of average measurements could permit highlevel peak emissions that could interfere with the au-thorized radio services. For this reason, we are adopting acorresponding limit on peak emissions of 20 dB above themaximum permitted limit on average emissions whichwill be applied wherever average emission limits arespecified in the rules. This is the same peak limit that weproposed and are adopting for control and security alarmdevices and other periodic transmitters. We also recognizethat pulse modulated systems subject to measurementwith a CISPR quasi-peak detector can generate excessivepeak emissions if the pulse-repetition frequency is ex-tremely low. For that reason, we are requiring pulsemodulated systems for which a CISPR quasi-peak mea-surement is specified to demonstrate compliance with thestandards based on the peak level of their emissions iftheir pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) is 20 Hz or less.There do not appear to be any existing devices with aPRF of 20 Hz or less that would be impacted by thischange to the measurement requirements.

95. Our proposal to use measurement instrumentationemploying peak detectors for frequencies above 1000 MHzwas based on the general availability of peak-reading mea-surement equipment and the lack of CTSPR agreement ofspecifications for a quasi-peak detector at those frequen-cies. However, we agree with the comments that the pro-posed limits above 1000 MHz, especially the generalradiated emission limit, are too restrictive when measuredwith a peak detector. Instead, we believe that the emissionlimit recently adopted in the previously cited Report andOrder in Docket No. 86-422 is appropriate for the generallimit and measurement instrumentation employing anaverage detector should continue to be employed. In or-der to prevent possible interference from high level peakemissions and to provide additional interference protec-tion to operations in the restricted bands above 1000MHz, we are adopting a corresponding limit on peakemissions of 20 dB above the maximum permitted averagelimits, the same as we are applying where average mea-surements are used below 1000 MHz, While this is acompromise made necessary by the lack of quasi-peakmeasurement procedures for frequencies above 1000MHz, we believe that it offers sufficient interference pro-tection to the authorized radio services. Further, this stan-dard addresses most of the objections from themanufacturers of control and security alarm devices, fielddisturbance sensors, and other equipment for which mea-surements above 1000 MHz are required.

96. Frequency Range of Radiated Measurements for Inten-tional Radiators. In the Notice, we generally proposedmeasuring emissions from intentional radiators to at leastthe tenth harmonic of the highest fundamental frequencyof the device. Measurements would be limited by the state

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to at least the tenth harmonic of their highest fundamen-tal frequency or to the highest frequency that can bepracticably measured. To fUrther clarify this require-ment, we are defining the highest frequency practicable inthe present state of the art of measuring techniques as 400Hz. We realize that these changes will increase the rangeover which compliance must be demonstrated for, someintentional radiators and, therefore, are adopting liberaltime periods for compliance in order to ensure that thesechanges do not present major difficulties to the manufac-turers of intentional radiators. We will allow equipmentto be authorized under the current standards for threeyears, and we will allow manufacture and importationunder the current standards for five years.

99. Measurement Distances for Dgitat Devices. In theNotice, we proposed to retain the existing distances formeasurement of digital devices, i.e., 3 meters for Class Bdevices and 30 meters for Class A devices. However,several comments requested changes to these measure-ment distances. Digital, in its comments, requests thatmeasurements of both Class A and Class B devices bespecified at a distance of 10 meters. IBM requests that wepermit the testing of small Class A devices at 3 meters.Spectrum Measurement Corp. requests that a distance of 6meters apply to both Class A and Class B digital devices.CBEMA and a number of other commenters request thatthe Class A limits be specified at 10 meters.

100. The Commission is not changing the 3 metermeasurement distance specified for Class 13 devices. Ageneral specification of greater than 3 meters for thesedevices does not appear to be feasible because the lowsignal levels permitted for Class B devices normally couldnot be accurately measured at a greater distance. How-ever, for Class 'A devices, a measurement distance of 10meters would permit easier detection of signal at thehigher Class A levels Thus, we are adopting the radiatedemission limits for Class A digital devices at a distance of10 meters and are adjusting the limits for these devices byan appropriate amount, i.e., three times the limit specifiedat 30 meters. If testing at alternative distances is necessaryfor either Class A or Class B devices due to measurementin the near field or other reasons, such tests can beperformed under the provisions being adopted in Section15.31(f) in Appendix B.

101. Measurement Standards. The Notice proposed toadd a new section to the rules to specify a number ofstandards that would be applicable to the measurement ofemission levels from various devices. This proposal ad-dressed measurement procedures used by the Commissionand standards relating to on-site testing, test distances,adjustments to the equipment under test, line-impedancestabilization networks, system configurations, and othergeneral test requirements. A number of comments ad-dressed these proposals. In general, many of the com-ments indicate that these standards should be contained inthe Commission's separately published measurement pro-cedures. They submit that this would avoid requiring amanufacturer to consult both the rules and the measure-ment procedures to determine how to test the equipment.Other. comments argue that the measurement proceduresemployed by the Commission should be subject to noticeand comment prior to their implementation and shouldhave the status of regulations.

102. We continue to believe it is useful to includecertain elements pertaining to measurement of electro-magnetic emissions from Part 15 devices in the rules

generally as proposed in the Notice. The measurementspecifications included in the rules will also be indicatedin the measurement procedures for testing equipment toavoid the need for parties testing equipment to refer toboth the measurement procedures and the rules for a fullspecification of the test requirements. Further, we intendin the near future to initiate rule making on each of themeasurement procedures.

103. The comments also address specific features of theproposed measurement standards. IBM states that if theequipment is sampled by the Commission for testing, themeasurement procedures in effect at the time the equip-ment was verified or authorized by the Commissionshould be employed. AT&T, IDCMA, IBM and SpectrumMeasurement Corp. state that we should not impose arequirement to consult with the Commission when mea-surement procedures other than those published by andemployed by the Commission are used to test equipment.IBM states that if we require swept frequency equipmentto be tested with the frequency sweep stopped, we shouldclarify that the sweep need be stopped only at thosefrequencies chosen for final reported measurements.Amador, AT&T and IBM state that we should not pre-clude the use of anechoic chambers or open field test sitesthat use electro-magnetically transparent overhead struc-tures in favor of open field test sites. DORCMA, Genieand Linear state that our reference to a variation insupply voltage is relevant only to AC power line voltage.They submit that battery powered equipment should betested at the voltage provided by a new battery since anew battery generally produces the highest emission levelsand the "end of life" point for a battery does not providea suitable test condition. AT&T, DORCMA, E1A/CEGand IBM state that we should specify that tests be con-ducted with the controls set to produce maximum emis-sions, provided that such settings are consistent with theuse of device for its intended purpose and the equipmentis operated in a typical manner, since setting the controlsto maximize emissions may not represent a usable operat-ing condition. NECJS and Tandy add that the emissionsshould not have to be maximized from systems consistingof multiple devices as this is unduly burdensome. AT&Tand Linear state that the length of the wire leads requiredto be attached to the equipment under test should be thelength used with the equipment in a typical application orshould be specified at a length of one meter or one-quarter wavelength. Sensormatic states that the require-ment to test composite systems with all of the devices inthe system functioning does not describe a measurementmethod with sufficient particularity, leaving unresolvedhow a multiple antenna system would be tested. ETA/CEOstates that we should clarify that every possible combina-tion of accessories, peripherals or central control unitsdoes not need testing and. that the testing of one typicalconfiguration is acceptable. CBEMA and NCR state thatwhen testing mixed Class A/Class B digital devices andthat test indicates compliance only with the Class A lim-its, we should not require the Class A' device to be iden-tified as the source of the higher level emissions. IBMstates that we should place the reference to the 13 dBallowance for wideband conducted emissions in the sepa-rately published measurement procedure bulletin for digi-tal devices. Finally, AT&T, EIAJCEG and others arguethat if the equipment is sampled by the Commission fortesting, it should test the equipment under the same con-

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ditions, e.g., the same distance, antennas, test configura-tions and measurement procedures, employed by theparty performing the Lest.

104. To further clarify these regulations and to respondto the comments regarding the specific standards proposedin the Nonce, we are changing several provisions of theproposed measurement standards. First, we will indicatethat when the Commission samples equipment to deter-mine that a product continues to comply with the regula-tions, we will employ the measurement procedures thatwere in effect at the time that the equipment was au-thorized or verified. Second, we are not adopting theproposed requirement to consult with the Commissionwhen measurement procedures other than those pub-lished by the Commission are used. Third, we areamending the proposed rules to state that for swept fre-quency equipment, the frequency sweep is stopped only atthose frequencies chosen for the final reported measure-ments. Fourth, we have added language that test sitesother than open field test sites may be employed if theyare properly calibrated so that the measurement resultscorrespond to what would be obtained from an open fieldsite. Fifth, we are amending the proposed rules to statethat battery operated equipment will be tested at thevoltage of a new battery. Sixth, we are clarifying that onlythose controls readily accessible to or intended to beaccessible to the consumer need to be adjusted to maxi-mize the level of the emissions. While a number of com-ments objected to fully exercising the device under test, itmust be recognized that the device may be fully exercisedby the consumer. As the device is required to complyunder such conditions, there is no basis for changing thislanguage. However, the specific test configuration whichis employed and the manipulation of that configuration tomaximize emissions will be addressed in the individualmeasurement procedures. Seventh, we are amending therules to state that lead lengths greater than one meter arenot required for testing. Eighth, we are continuing torequire that composite systems be tested with all of thedevices functioning, as under the current regulations. Inaddition, we have added clarifying language that if morethan one antenna or other radiating source is designed toemit at the same time, measurements shall be performedwith all radiating sources that are to be employed emit-ting. Additional provisions, such as the number of testradials, will be included in the separate measurementprocedures. The use of the measurement procedures isproper here as the comments indicated concern only withdescribing the measurement method with sufficient par-ticularity. Ninth, we have clarified that only one test usingperipherals or external accessories is required and that allpossible equipment combinations do not need to be test-ed. We are also clarifying that when a manufacturermakes both accessories (peripherals) and a central controlunit, this equipment must be tested in combination witheach other unless it can be demonstrated that the centralcontrol unit or accessories normally would be marketedor used with equipment from a different entity. Thisresolves the present problem where the responsible partyis unable to demonstrate the compliance of its equipmentwhen combined with other equipment that it manufac-tures.. Currently, manufacturers of such equipment oftencombine their product with another manufacturer's prod-uct to demonstrate compliance, even though that equip-ment might not normally be used in that combination.Tenth, we have amended the proposed rules to clarify theemission standards that apply when Class A and Class B

digital devices are combined. Eleventh, we have deletedthe reference to the 13 dB allowance provided forwideband conducted emissions from digital devices. This13 dB allowance currently is contained in FCC/OET MP-4, the measurement procedures for computing devices.The 13 dB allowance for wideband conducted emissionswill be addressed in another proceeding.

105. We are not adopting the request by AT&T andEIAJCEG to use the same test conditions employed by theresponsible party when we audit equipment. While we arepermitting the responsible party to use alternative mea-surement procedures, we do so under the condition thatequivalent results must be obtained. In addition, we areamending the language to permit testing at either closeror greater distances, depending on the particular case, toeliminate problems of testing in the near field and testingat distances where the background noise level exceeds thesignal strength to be measured. Specific extrapolation andinterpolation values are provided for measurements atdifferent distances.

106. In addition to the changes discussed above, we areamending the proposed rules to retain Sections 15.76(c),15.77(c), 15.79(d) and 15.143(e) of the current regula-tions. These sections address the frequencies at whichmeasurements are required for receivers and intentionalradiators, depending on the number of bands in whichthey operate and the width of those bands. Further, we

have deleted the requirement that "suitable adjustment"must be made to the measured results for emissions thatare wider than the bandwidth of the measuring instru-ment. Such adjustments are not needed with the use ofCISPR quasi-peak measurements as these measurementsdetermine the permitted emission level per unitbandwidth anywhere within the entire range of frequen-cies emitted by the Part 15 device. Thus, this measure-ment procedure is effective in controlling interferencepotential without a corresponding need to integrate themeasured field strength to a high level simply because thePart 15 device is broadbanded. It is also not needed withaverage/peak measurements as the bandwidth of such

measurement instrumentation must be "suitably adjusted"in order to perform the emission measurements.

IV. AUTHORIZATIONS AND APPLICATIONS

A. Equipment Authorization Program107. A number of amendments were proposed to the

authorization procedures applicable to Part 15 devices.Most of these amendments involved placing the equip-ment authorization requirements contained in Part 15into Part 2 of the rules. A few changes to the specificauthorization procedures were also proposed. For exam-ple, the Notice proposed to relax the equipment authoriza-tion procedure applied to intentional radiators operatingin the frequency band 88-108 MHz from type approval tocertification and to change the procedure applied tosuperheterodyne receivers associated with control and se-curity alarm devices from certification to notification.These changes are consistent with the procedures appliedto other similar Part 15 devices. In addition, the Noticeproposed expanding the requirements for informationwith respect to measurement facilities, submission of pho-tographs of notified Part 15 equipment, and a number of

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other changes to the procedures and requirements forauthorization of Part 15 devices. These changes are ad-dressed in the following paragraphs.

108. Description of Measurement Facilities. In the Notice,we proposed to move the requirement to file descriptionsof the measurement facilities used in testing equipmentfrom Part 15 to Part 2 of the rules. We proposed tochange the current language to clarify who must retainthe description of the measurement facilities. For equip-ment subject to verification, this data would be retainedby the party responsible for the equipment. If the equip-ment is subject to certification or notification, the descrip-tion of the measurement facilities would be filed with theCommission. The Notice also proposed additional filingrequirements with regard to measurement facilities, i.e., achart showing ambient emissions from 30-1000 MHz ifchart recorders are used; a plot of site attenuation data; adescription of the types of measurements which would beperformed at the test facility; and, a sample calculationshowing how the readings taken from the instrumentationare converted to the levels specified in the regulations. Anumber of objections to our proposal were received fromAT&T, CBEMA, Digital, Linear, NCR and others. Theseparties object to the requirement for photographs of testsites, a chart showing ambient emissions, the descriptionof structures at distances beyond the measurement facili-ties and the calibration requirements for measurementinstrumentation. Other objections include the lack of ref-erence to calibration using vertical polarization, the use ofFCC Bulletin OET 55, the submission of a statement as towhether the test facility will perform contract work, andthe submission of a statement regarding the types ofequipment to be tested at the facility.

109. Our proposal was intended primarily to place theequipment authorization requirements contained in Part15 into Part 2 of the rules with some added clarification.Because of the concerns raised in the comments, we are,for the most part, retaining the existing provisions formeasurement site descriptions. However, we are modify-ing these provisions to clarify that for equipment subjectto verification, the site description may be retained eitherby the party responsible for the equipment or by thelaboratory that performed the equipment testing. As un-der the current rules, a description of the measurementsite must be submitted to the Commission for equipmentsubject to notification or certification. 48 In addition, weare adopting the proposal that a description of the type ofequipment intended to be measured at the site be retainedor submitted to the Commission, as appropriate. Thislatter change is useful in determining the type of in-strumentation needed for testing at the site. These changesare not expected to impose substantial additional burdenson test laboratories or manufacturers.

110. Notified Equipment. The Notice proposed to amendthe rules to require that photographs of the externalappearance of Part 15 devices accompany the submissionot' an application for a grant of notification to the Com-mission. This requirement was proposed to allow theCommission to identify the specific Part 15 equipment forwhich a grant of notification is issued. The only objectionto this proposal came from AT&T. They requested thatline sketches be allowed instead of photographs. We be-lieve the staff will be able to identify specific Part 15equipment from photographs or line sketches. Therefore,we are requiring that applicants submit either photo-graphs or line drawings of the external appearance of the

equipment with their application for a grant of notifica-tion. The photographs or line sketches submitted must besufficiently detailed to allow identification of the equip-ment.

111. Application for Cerufication. The Notice proposedto place all of the procedures for obtaining a grant ofcertification into Subpart .1 of Part 2. We also proposedthe following changes to the present rules: to delete therequirement for schematic diagrams for unintentional ra-diators and to add a requirement for submission of adescription of any changes to the equipment which wereneeded to allow it to comply with the regulations. Wefurther proposed in connection with the description ofchanges made to non-compliant equipment to achievecompliance, that extensive retrofitting of a device couldresult in a denial of the application unless the applicantattests that it will make those changes to all equipmentmarketed under the grant of certification. The Noticeproposed to retain the other existing regulations pertain-ing to certification.

112. A number of comments, e.g., CBEMA, Linear,Digital, AT&T, NCR, etc., object to these proposals, par-ticularly the requirement to submit a description ofchanges made to the equipment to comply with the stan-dards. These parties also object to retaining the require-ments to submit a copy of the instruction manual, thedescription of the circuit functions of the device, informa-tion on oscillators employed in the device and photo-graphs of the equipment. No objections were received todeleting the requirement for schematic diagrams for un-intentional radiators.

113. We generally find that the proposed requirementsare necessary to sufficiently describe the equipment forwhich certification is being sought. However, in responseto the comments we are not adopting the proposed re-quirement for submission of a description of the changesmade to non-compliant equipment in order to complywith the rules and the corresponding statement that thesechanges will be incorporated into the equipment prior tomarketing. As provided in Sections 2.907 and 2.93 1 of thecurrent regulations, certification attaches to all unitsmarketed by the grantee which are identical to th sampletested except for permissive changes and other variationsauthorized by the Commission. Further, the grantee war-rants that each unit marketed under the grant will con-form to the unit that was measured and that the data filedwith the Commission will continue to be representative ofthe equipment. Thus, no additional regulation regardingthe changes made to certified equipment to comply withthe standards is necessary. If changes to the equipmentwhich are needed to comply with the standards are notincorporated, the grant of certification issued by the Com-mission is not valid. We also are adding a requirement tothe rules that the application for certification shall con-tain a brief description of any peripheral or accessorydevices connected to or installed in the equipment whichwas tested. Further, any such peripherals or accessoriesmust be unmodified, commercially available devices. Thischange is consistent with the Public Notice issued by ourOffice of Engineering and Technology on August 17,1988.

114. Authorization of Multiple Devices in One Enclosure.In the Notice, the Commission proposed to clarify Sec-tions 2.975 and 2.1033 of the rules, which pertain toapplication for a grant of notification or certification, byadding a statement that a single FCC identifier may be

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assigned to a unit of equipment consisting of multipledevices within a single enclosure (as composite system).These sections currently do not address such equipment.However, the use of a single FCC identifier with compos-ite systems is consistent with the existing provisions ofSection 2.925 of the rules, which provides standards forequipment identification, so long as a separate FCC Form731 and associated fee is submitted for each individualdevice in the enclosure. Linear opposes this clarification,arguing that the Commission should require a separateFCC identifier on the enclosure for each individual de-vice incorporated therein. It also states that the Commis-sion should permit the individual devices in a compositesystem to be used separately and in other composite sys-tems without changing their FCC identifiers or obtaininga new grant of authorization. The approach proposed byLinear does not address the fact that the level of emissionsfrom an RF device typically are affected significantly bythe enclosure in which it is contained. If we were topermit RF devices to be reconfigured in other enclosuresunder the same FCC identifier without re-examiningwhether the device complies with the technical standards,the effectiveness of our authorization program as a meansto control interference would quickly be compromised.Accordingly, we are retaining our existing regulations inthis area and adding the clarification of Sections 2.975and 2.1033 proposed in the Notice.

115. Changes to Certified Equipment. The current regu-lations define permissive changes that may be made tocertified devices. Permissive changes encompass anyelectrical or mechanical changes to the construction ofthe device that reSult in the equipment continuing tocomply with the appropriate standards. However, our reg-ulations also reference changes other than permissivechanges, which require the issuance of a new grant ofauthorization, without defining what constitutes a "non-permissive" change. This has generated considerable con-fusion within the industry. Thus, the Notice proposed toadd new language as to what constitutes a major modifica-tion (non-permissive change), requiring the issuance of anew grant of certification. As proposed, a major modifica-tion would be a change to the frequency multiplicationcircuitry, the basic modulator circuitry or maximum pow-er rating, replacement of an internal circuit board withone of a different type (excluding some changes that arepermitted for digital devices), and changes in digital de-vices to the clock speed, number of board layers, layoutor filtering. Thus, major modifications would consist ofchanges that result in new circuit configurations and oth-er changes that could have a significant impact on thelevel of the emissions. The Notice also proposed to clarifythat permissive changes can be performed only by thegrantee.

116. The majority of the comments responding to thisproposal request that the Commission permit grantees tomake any changes to their equipment as long as theequipment still performs the same function. These partiesrequest that they be permitted to market their equipmentunder its original FCC identifier number, even aftermodification, without the need to obtain a new grant ofcertification. CBEMA states that a new grant of authoriza-tion should be required only if the grantee wants tochange the identification of its products. NEC states thatthe Commission's regulations are unable to keep pacewith the rapidly changing technology in the computerfield, and, thus, they oppose any requirement for

FCC 89-103

reauthorization after major modifications. EIA/CEG statesthat it is unnecessarily burdensome to requirereidentification and recertification for modifications thatalter the design even where such changes do not degradecompliance with the limits. Tandy opposes the provisionson major modifications, arguing that these provisionswould promote unintended and undesired public policyresults by requiring reidentification of equipment formodifications which alter the engineering design char-acteristics of a device but do not degrade performance interms of the emissions. Tandy argues that the provisionson major modifications discourage interference-relatedimprovements to equipment. Some comments, includingthose from AT&T, request changes to the current Class IIpermissive change rules to permit any changes to be madeto equipment without a requirement to report suchchanges as long as the emissions are attenuated more than6 dB below the permitted limits. CBEMA states that therequirement to report equipment changes to the Commis-sion represents a substantive burden that does not permitrapid response to marketplace pressures for new, up-graded products.

117. The proposals addressing major modifications tocertified equipment were intended to clarify that a newgrant of certification is required for changes that result innew circuit configurations and other changes that couldhave a significant impact on the level of the emissions.The Commission generally applies the certification proce-dure to equipment that it expects to have a higher likeli-hood of exceeding the emission limits. We generally havefound that higher emission levels are typical of equipmentthat uses "new technology" or is highly complex. Thus,we continue to believe that in order to ensure that equip-ment subject to certification continues to comply withour rules, it is necessary to recertify such equipmentwhenever it is modified in a manner that affects its basicemission characteristics. The emission characteristics pri-marily are affected by changes in frequency, emissiontype, e.g., the modulation characteristics, and output lev-els. Thus, changes to the basic frequency determining andstabilizing circuitry (Or clock rate), frequency multiplica-tion stages, basic modulator circuit or maximum powerratings constitute changes that could significantly impactthe emission characteristics. Such changes must be ad-dressed as major modifications to the equipment, requir-ing the application for and issuance of a new grant ofauthorization. Other changes to the equipment generallycan be treated under the existing Class I or Class IIpermissive change procedures. Changes made as permis-sive changes can still be reviewed by the Commission onan individual basis to determine if the changes should beaddressed as major modifications.

118. We believe that the language being adopted in thisReport and Order provides adequate clarification of thetypes of modifications to equipment that constitute a ma-jor change. This clarification will reduce the necessity ofcontacting the Commission for guidance wheneverchanges are made by manufacturers. The new provisionsdetailing major modifications are not an actual change tothe equipment authorization requirements. Rather, thisaction places within the regulations policies that havebeen in effect since the start of the certification require-ments, though they sometimes have been applied incon-sistently due to the lack of specific regulations. Placingthis policy within the regulations will remove the ambigu-ities resulting from its application on an ad hoc basis

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through staff interpretation. We are rejecting the requeststo allow any changes to be made to equipment withoutreidentification as long as the equipment continues toperform the same function. Such a change would allow agrantee to obtain one grant of certification for each typeof product manufactured and then apply the FCC iden-tifier number for that grant to all of its products thatperform the same function, regardless of differences indesign, emission levels, or interference potential. If thiswere allowed to occur, we would no longer be able toidentify a particular product as an authorized device.Finally, since the grantee is responsible for compliance ofthe equipment with the Commission's standards, theauthority to make permissive changes must be limited tothe grantee.

119. Parry Responsthle for Compliance with the Regula-tions. The Notice specified the general term "manufac-turer" to indicate the party responsible for ensuring that adevice complies with our regulations. This resulted insome confusion because the manufacturer may not holdthe grant of authorization. In that case, the grantee andnot the manufacturer is the party responsible for ensuringcompliance. Linear, on October 16, 1987, filed a Motionfor Consolidation, Request for Clarification and Motionfor Extension of Time Within Which to File Comments,requesting, among other things, clarification of the use ofthe term "manufacturer" as the responsible party, " Toprovide the clarification sought by Linear, we are addinga new Section 2.909 to Part 2 of the regulations in orderto designate exactly who is responsible for equipmentcomplying with the appropriate technical standards after agrant of equipment authorization is issued by the Com-mission or the equipment is verified. That new rule sec-tion provides that, with respect to equipment that must beissued a grant of equipment authorization, the holder ofthat authorization, i.e., the grantee, is the responsibleparty. This is consistent with 47 CFR Sections 2.903-2.907and 2.931.. For verified equipment, the manufacturer or,in the case of imported equipment, the importer is re-sponsible for the device in accordance with the provisionsof existing Sections 2.951-2.957 of our rules. In the caseof imported equipment subject to verification, Section2.953(a) indicates that the importer must warrant compli-ance. Further, Section 2.955(a) requires the importer offoreign made equipment to retain the verification records.Thus, our designation of the importer as the responsibleparty for foreign manufactured equipment is a clarifica-tion only and does not constitute a change in our regula-tions. Defining who is responsible for the compliance ofradio frequency equipment with the technical standardsallows us to discontinue the use of the general term"manufacturer" and substitute instead the term "responsi-ble party".

120. On - Site Measurements. In the Notice, the Commis-sion proposed to continue its existing policy of permittingon-site measurements of equipment such as perimeterprotection systems, carrier current systems and systemsemploying a leaky coaxial cable as an antenna that areimpractical to measure on a laboratory site. This proposal,inadvertently, did not include provisions to allow thisequipment to be marketed for installation at the locationwhere on-site testing would be performed. Similar provi-sions currently exist for devices such as perimeter protec-tion systems. CDC mentions this omission in its replycomments. Senstar recommends that broadband sensors,but not narrowband sensors, be tested at every site even

after certification is obtained. We are adopting rules foron-site testing as proposed. We also are changing Section15.201 of the proposed rules to incorporate provisions toallow the marketing, prior to authorization, of those in-tentional radiators for which measurements must be madeat the installation site. Because of the potential for inter-ference to television reception, we are retaining the cur-rent requirement that perimeter protection systemsoperating on the TV broadcast frequencies must be testedat each installation site, regardless of whether these sys-tems are broadband or narrowband.

121. Labelling Requirements. In the Notice, we proposedto require all radio frequency devices operating under theprovisions of Part 15 to be labelled. This label wouldindicate that the equipment complies with the regulationsand that its operation is subject to the conditions thatinterference not be caused and that any interference re-ceived by the Part 15 device must be accepted. The tatterstatement would not be required to be included on labelsused on receivers associated with the operation of .a li-censed radio service. Further, we proposed to allow thelabel information to be placed on the first page of theinstruction manual supplied to the user or, alternatively,on the container in which the device is marketed if thePart 15 device is so small or is for such use that it is notpracticable to place a label on the device.

122. A number of comments request changes to theproposed labelling requirements. The League and a num-ber of individual commenters want the statement that Part15 devices must accept interference to be expanded toinclude a statement referring the user to the manufacturerin the case of received interference. These comments re-quest that the instruction or user manual contain thename and telephone number of a manufacturer's repre-sentative that can be contacted should interference occur.NCR and Genie, on the other hand, state that the labelshould read only that the device complies with Part 15.As stated by Genie, it is up to manufacturers to considerpotential interference when developing their product, anda more detailed statement concerning operating condi-tions can be placed in the instruction manual. CBEMA,Digital and IDCMA state that the label should not refer-ence susceptibility to interference since the Commissiondoes not regulate that facet of the device's performance.Thus, they request that we delete all reference to corn put-ers having to accept interference, leaving this matter ofproduct performance to the marketplace. TI states thatinformation on eliminating interference should be in theinstruction manual rather than on the equipment, andthat the label currently required for computing devices,referencing the instruction manual, is more appropriate.ANARC states that a label regarding the vulnerability tointerception of the signals by other parties should berequired, such as the label presently required for cordlesstelephones. NEMA and GE request that the label for Part15 devices operating in the ISM bands be expanded tostate that the band is allocated primarily for non-commu-nication uses of RF energy. Finally, IBM and a number ofother parties state that in cases where the label is notincluded on a device because of size or other limitations,we should permit its inclusion anywhere in the instruc-tion manual, instead of just on the first page, as long as itis prominent. IBM states that prudence dictates that safetyand warranty information appear early in the user materi-als.

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123. We believe that the addition to the label of astatement referring the user to a manufacturer's contact incase of interference, as requested by the League and oth-ers, would be impracticable. We believe that it would beunreasonable to burden manufacturers with the respon-sibility for addressing individual interference problemsexperienced by devices that expressly are not protectedfrom interference. Such a requirement would be costlyfor manufacturers and the information on a device wouldbecome inaccurate over time as personnel, orginizationalstructures, and telephone numbers of a manufacturerchanged. Thus, this request by the League and others isnot being adopted. The Commission also is not persuadedto adopt the suggestions of NCR, Genie, CBEMA, Digitaland IDCMA for modifying the label. One of the primaryoperating conditions under Part 15 is that any interfer-ence that is received by a Part 15 device must be ac-cepted. We believe that the placement on the label of thesimple fact of this condition of operation is sufficient toalert users to the possibility that the device might besubject to interference. With respect to the commentsfrom TI, information regarding the elimination of inter-ference caused by a digital device is required to be pro-vided to the consumer in the text of the instructionmanual under both the current and the proposed rules.As long as this information is included in the instructionmanual, there does not appear to be a compelling reasonto require an additional reference to it on the label,although manufacturers are free to do so. We do not findit necessary to require information on the label to adviseusers of the vulnerability of signals of Part 15 devices tointerception by other parties. There is no indication thatusers are not aware of this potential or that such intercep-lion is occurring in a manner that warrants regulatoryaction. With respect to the comments from NEMA andGE, because of the large numbers of non-ISM devicesauthorized to operate within the frequency bands allo-cated for ISM, we believe that requiring the requestedstatement could cause confusion by appearing to offersome degree of protection from interference caused bynon-ISM sources. No such implication should be madesince Part 15 devices must accept interference from anyother source of RF energy. Finally, we agree with thecomments from IBM and others that, in those cases wherethe label is not provided on the equipment, it is notnecessary to require that the label be presented on thefirst page of the instruction manual. The new rules willallow the label to be included in a prominent locationanywhere in the instruction manual supplied to the user.

124. Special Accessoñes. In the Notice, we proposed torequire that any special accessories that are needed toenable a device to comply with the rules be supplied withthe device. Special accessories are defined as accessoryitems that cannot be obtained readily from multiple retailsources. The comments from the manufacturers of com-puting devices generally oppose this proposal. EIAJCEGobjects to requiring digital devices to be supplied withspecial accessories, such as shielded cables, since the man-ufacturer does not necessarily know to what other devicesthe equipment will be connected and, without this in-formation, cannot match connectors. IDCMA indicatesthat manufacturers cannot predetermine what cablelengths or connectors may be required by the consumer.IDCMA suggests that the only requirement should be forthe manufacturer to have the accessory available for saleand its use noted in any literature supplied with thedevice.

125. In its proposal, the Commission's intent was toensure that Part 15 devices comply with the regulations inthe configurations in which they will be used by theconsumer. The proposal recognized that if a $ 50.00 con-necting cable is required to make the system compliantand if a $ 5.00 cable is available to the consumer and willallow his system to function without regard to compli-ance, the consumer normally will purchase the cheapercable, regardless of the interference potential. Further, theconsumer generally has no means to determine that theinstalled digital device system, as configured, complieswith our standards. For these reasons, we believe it isnecessary to require that any special accessories neededfor a device to comply with the rules must be suppliedwith the device when it is marketed. We have modified,however, the proposed rule to recognize certain situationswhere it is appropriate to provide flexibility. First, therequirements for supplying special accessories will notapply to equipment that must be professionally installedor is installed by or under the supervision of the partymarketing the equipment. Second, any cable or otherspecial accessory that can be readily obtained from mul-tiple retail outlets need not be supplied with the device.The instruction manual, however, must specify the acces-sories, if any, needed for compliance. Third, in lieu ofshipping or packaging the special accessories with theintentional or unintentional radiator, the party responsi-ble for the equipment complying with the rules mayemploy other methods of ensuring that the special acces-sories are provided to the consumer, without additionalcharge, at the time of purchase. Information detailing anyalternative method used to supply the special accessoriesshall be included in the application for a grant of equip-ment authorization or retained in the verification records,as appropriate.

B. Marketing of Digital Devices126. Section 2.06 of the existing rules provides limited

exemptions to the marketing provisions for digital devices.We proposed to clarify that the exemptions to the market-ing provisions shown in paragraphs (a) and (c)(2) of thatSection apply only to digital devices subject to verification.CBEMA, IBM, AT&T, Digital, Aox and other computermanufacturers object to our intended clarification of theseexemptions to the marketing regulations, believing thatthe current exemptions also apply to digital devices sub-ject to certification. IBM requests that we further amendthis section to: 1) allow digital devices which have notbeen authorized to be operated at the facilities of entitiesworking under the authorization of the manufacturer; 2).permit the pre-authorization delivery of equipment todistributors and retailers; 3) permit demonstrations incommercial establishments of personal computers whichhave not been certified but have been verified to the ClassA limits; and, 4) permit the taking of orders for non-authorized personal computers, subject to a disclaimerreading "Pending FCC Approval".

127. Paragraph (a) of Section 2.806 provides an exemp-lion to Section 2.805 of our marketing rules. Section2.805 provides that a radio frequency device that does notrequire Commission approval (the implication of this isthat the device is subject to verification) must complywith the specified technical standards prior to beingmarketed. It does not apply to equipment which is subjectto a grant of authorization from the Commission, e.g.,certification. Thus, our proposed clarification that the

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marketing exemptions do not apply to digital devices sub-ject to certification is consistent with the existing con-struction of the rules, and we will amend Section 2.806 toavoid further misunderstandings. We also are amendingSection 2.805 to specifically state that this section appliesto the marketing of equipment subject to verification. Weare continuing to limit the marketing exceptions in Sec-tions 2.806(a) and (c)(2) to apply only to verified equip-ment subject. to Section 2.805, as. clarified, to preventpossible interference to the authorized services that couldresult from the marketing of Class B personal computersand peripherals that have not been authorized and maynot comply with the standards. We concur with the com-ments from IBM that the facilities of the manufacturershould include the facilities of those entities workingunder the authorization of the party responsible for thedevelopment and manufacture of the equipment. Thus,the new rules will permit digital devices that have notbeen authorized to be operated at the facilities of otherparties associated with the manufacturer/developer of theequipment. However, we do not agree that the marketingregulations should be amended to permit the taking oforders, including orders from distributors or retailers, orpre-authorized delivery of equipment. Such actions couldresult in the marketing to the public of non-complyingequipment.

V. MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES128. Campus Radio Systems. The Notice proposed

permitting Part 15 AM radio broadcast systems operatingin the band 535-1705 kHz to be installed on the campusesof educational institutions. The general emission limitswould apply at the boundary of the campus, lBS and LPBcomment that this restriction would pose difficulties forcity-bound institutions since they have no actual campus.They also argue that no conducted limits should applyoutside of the campus as it is highly impracticable tomeasure or to prevent such emissions. lBS and LPB re-quest that the operating authority for these stations beexpanded. In particular, they request that the frequencyband be expanded to cover 525-1705 kHz to permit opera-tion at 530 kl-Iz and that operation be permitted on anyfrequency outside of the protected field strength contoursof licensed AM stations. lBS and LPB state that there isno showing of a need to require verification of thesesystems. Finally, they argue that data to be kept on fileshould be retained a the studio/office location rather thanthe location of the transmitting equipment.

129. We recognize the requirement that campus radiostations meet the general emissions at the boundary of thecampus may pose certain problems for institutions locatedin cities. However, operators of campus radio stations willhave the option of meeting the emissions standards at theboundary of the institution or of using transmitters thathave been authorized for use in this band under thegeneral standards provided (Sections 15.219 or 15.221).We believe the potential for interference to licensed AMstations is too great., particularly in urban areas, to allowcampus stations to exceed the standards provided underthese options. To simplify verifying compliance with theconducted emissions limits, we wilt permit measurementof conducted emissions of each individual transmitterused in the system, rather than the system as a whole. Wefind it desirable to expand the frequency range overwhich campus stations may operate to include 525 kHz

for the reasons indicated by lBS and LPB. The new ruleswill permit operation of these stations in the band525-1705 kHz. However, the new rules will specify thatcampus stations must not operate within the protectedfield strength contour of licensed AM stations operatingon the same frequency. With regard to verification ofcampus systems, we maintain that it is necessary to per-form the required measurements to ensure that the systemcomplies with the emissions standards. Finally, we find itacceptable to permit the verification records to be kept atthe station studio, office, control room or transmitterlocation, as may be preferred by the station operalor, andare providing for this discretion in the new rules.

130. Spread Spectrum Systems. In the Notice, we pro-posed to retain the current provisions for direct sequenceand frequency hopping spread spectrum operation withinthe frequency bands 902-928 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz and5725-5850 MI-lz. We also proposed to clarify the require-ments on the gain processing and bandwidth employed byreceivers used with spread spectrum systems to ensurethat an actual spread spectrum system, and not just aspread spectrum transmitter, is employed. Further, com-ments were requested on the feasibility of designating fieldstrength limits instead of the current limit on transmitteroutput power.

131. While a number of comments addressed the ques-tions raised in the Notice concerning the bandwidth of thereceiver, the level of gain processing that should be em-ployed in the receiver and the application of field strengthlimits, we are not resolving these issues in this Order.These issues and the use of spread spectrum modulationtechniques other than direct sequence and frequency hop-ping will be addressed in the near future in another rulemaking proceeding.

132. Specialized Field Disturbance Sensors (Vehicle RadarSystems). The Notice observed that the Commission hasissued a waiver to Vehicle Radar Safety Systems, Inc.(VRSS) to permit the operation of a collision avoidancesystem with a field strength. limit 9.5 d13 higher thanpermitted for field disturbance sensors under the currentrules. Comments were solicited as to whether higherfield strength limits should be permitted for field distur-bance sensors used in specialized operations requiringadditional range, provided the need for additional rangecan be demonstrated and the likelihood of increased inter-ference is negligible. While the comments addressing thisissue generally support our proposal, we are not adoptinga specific regulation concerning waivers of the emissionlimits for field disturbance sensors. We will continue, asin the past, to entertain waiver requests on a case-by-casebasis. This will allow requests for waivers to be consideredon their individual merits, including whether operationunder one of the licensed radio services is feasible. Fur-ther, this review will permit coordination with NTIAwhen an operation is conducted on frequency bands al-located to the IT. S. Government.

133. Automatic Vehicle Identification Systems. The Noticeproposed to delete the provisions for automatic vehicleidentification systems (AVIS) in the 2.9-4.1 GHz band.The deletion of AVIS was proposed due to the lack of useof these provisions and the inclusion of a number ofrestricted bands within the currently employed frequencyrange. Since issuance of the Notice, the Commission hasbeen contacted informally by the Arizona Department ofTransportation (AZDOT) regarding a multi-state AVISsystem it has under development. As stated in the Notice,

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we are concerned about possible interference to sensitivereceivers employed by the U. S. Government forradiolocation systems in those portions of the 2.9-3.6 GHzband that are not listed as restricted bands. On the basisof these considerations, we will continue to permit AVISsystems in those portions of the 2.9-4.1 GHz band thathave not been designated as restricted bands. However, weintend to revisit the need for retaining provisions forAVIS in a future rule making proceeding.

134. Tunnel Radio Systems. The Notice proposed toallow operation under Part 15 within tunnels or mineswithout the specification of emission limits except forradio frequency energy radiated outside of the tunnel ormine. While none of the comments object to the provi-sions for a tunnel radio system, Spectrum MeasurementCorp. questions why it is necessary to exclude from thetunnel radio provisions an outside system used to receivesignals rebroadcast within a tunnel. The reason forexempting RF devices employed within a tunnel or minefrom the technical standards, including the individualequipment authorization requirements, was based on thepremise that the natural earth and/or water boundaries ofthe tunnel or mine would tend to act like a screen room,attenuating the signals radiated from that tunnel or mine.Emissions from equipment located outside of the tunnelor mine would not be so attenuated. Thus, RF equipmentlocated outside of the tunnel or mine must still dem-onstrate compliance with the necessary standards andmust comply with the appropriate equipment authoriza-tion requirements.

13. Antenna Connections for Intentional Radiators. TheNotice proposed to require Part 15 intentional radiators tobe designed in such a manner that only the antenna

• furnished by the manufacturer could be employed. Itstated that the use of a permanently attached antenna oran antenna which employs a unique coupler would satisfythis requirement. This was proposed because the antennacharacteristics directly affect the field strength of the radiofrequency emissions. A number of comments object tothis proposal, citing that such a regulation would make itdifficult for the user to replace a broken antenna. TheCommission agrees with the comments and is revising theproposed language to permit a manufacturer to design theequipment so that a broken antenna can be replaced bythe user. However, in order to ensure that only an an-tenna of the type originally furnished by the manufac-turer is used and to preclude replacement of the originalantenna with one that increases the radiated signals, weare prohibiting the use of a standard antenna jack orelectrical connector, similar to the regulation presentlyapplied to cordless telephones. In addition, we areexempting from this requirement devices that have stan-dards expressed only in terms of transmitter output powerlevels instead of field strength limits, devices that must bemeasured for compliance with our emission standards atthe installation site, and devices that must be profes-sionally installed.

136. Use of Multiple Intentional Radiators. In the Notice,we proposed to prohibit the use of multiple radiators forthe purpose of extending transmission range or for ex-tending the area of coverage. Biomedical telemetry deviceswere proposed to be excluded from this requirement aslong as such devices were restricted to a localized areasuch as a hospital or residence. The comments in thisproceeding generally object to this proposal. For example,AT&T states that it sees no need to exclude multiple

emitters because the field strength limits will preventsignificant interference from any given radiator and theauthorization of such operation might enable the provi-sion of a cellular-type building paging system under Part15. AT&T adds that multiple intentional radiators shouldbe permitted in commercial environments when installedin accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, pro-vided the field strength at a distance of 30 meters outsideof the commercial property boundary does not exceed thelimits in the proposed Section 15.109(c). Sensormatic ob-jects to the proposal since they use multiple antennaswith their field disturbance sensors used for anti-theft tagsensors for the coverage of exits. GM expresses similarconcerns about applying this requirement to field distur-bance sensors. PA Consulting Group indicates that Part15 multiple digital spread spectrum repeaters are desirableto permit high throughput coverage of an area. Manufac-turers of control and security alarm devices request thedeletion of this provision to allow RE link relays forlife-safety applications.

137. We are not adopting a prohibition on the use ofmultiple transmitters to extend transmission range or cov-erage area. We concur with the comments that multipledevices should be permitted provided the individual trans-mitters comply with the rules. However, we are denyingthe request by AT&T to allow multiple intentional radia-tors in a commercial environment with field strengthlimits measured 30 meters beyond the property boundary.The higher field strengths used by such systems wouldpose unacceptable potential for interference to authorizedservices.

138. TV Interface Devices. The Notice proposed to deletethe limits applied to RF signals that are conducted overthe output connecting cable of a TV interface device.Additional changes to TV interface devices, such as thetype of equipment authorization that should be applied tocable system terminal devices and the level of attenuationneeded for transfer switches were addressed in the com-ments. However, regulations concerning TV interface de-vices, including output signal limits, cable terminaldevices and transfer switches, were recently finalized bythe Commission in Docket No. 85-301 and Docket No.87-107. ss As the regulations applicable to TV interferencedevices were considered in those earlier proceedings, therules adopted in those proceedings will be incorporatedinto this Order.

139. TV Broadcast Receivers. Upon further consider-ation, we have decided to retain the definition containedin our current rules for a television broadcast receiver.Our proposed definition would have required that TVreceivers be designed to receive both television picturesand sound, whereas the current definition requires onlythe reception of television pictures. We recognize that inthe future some television broadcast receivers may bedesigned to receive only the video transmission, with theaudio signal being provided by a separate receiver. Undersuch circumstances, the video-only receiver would not fallwithin our proposed definition of a television broadcastreceiver and, therefore, the all-channel tuning require-ments would not apply. We continue to believe that itis important to require television receivers to comply withthe all-channel tuning regulations, even if thOse receiversare not designed to receive the audio portion of thetelevision transmission. This is accomplished by retainingthe current definition of a television broadcast receiver.

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140. We are adopting a minor change to the rules forTV broadcast receivers. Under Section 15.66(d) of thecurrent regulations, when a TV tuner is built-in as part ofa video tape recorder which uses a power splitter betweenthe antenna terminals of the video tape recorder and theinput terminals of the TV tuner, 4 dB may be subtractedfrom the noise figure measured at the antenna terminalsof the video tape recorder. SB This 4 dB allowance is tocompensate for the effect of the power splitter. Sinceimplementation of this regulation, we have observed thatsome TV broadcast receivers are being manufactured withmore than one UHF tuner to allow operational featuressuch as split-screen viewing. If a TV broadcast receiverincorporates more than one UHF tuner with a powersplitter between the antenna terminals of these tuners, weare permitting this same 4 dB allowance to the noisefigure measurement taken at the antenna terminals of thereceiver.

141. Exemption for Digital Devices with Low Power Con-sit,npiion. In the Notice, we proposed to exempt digitaldevices with a power consumption not exceeding 6 nWfrom the technical standards, including the authorization,testing and importation requirements. ° Similarly, weproposed to exempt quartz watches and clocks, modulesof quartz watches and clocks, musical greeting cards, andbattery powered, hand-held calculators and electronicgames not requiring connection to the AC power lines. Enits comments, Linear objects to the exemption from theimportation requirements for electronic games, statingthat there is no apparent difference in interference poten-tial between such games and radio receivers. We disagreewith Linear's position. Electronic games operate at muchlower frequencies than radio receivers and must be bat-tery operated to qualify under the exemption. As dis-cussed earlier in this Order, the predominate source oflower frequency emissions, i.e., those below 30 MHz, arefrom the AC power lines. Radio receivers generate emis-sions at considerably higher frequencies. These higherfrequency emissions can radiate effectively from the re-ceiver, regardless of whether or not the receiver is con-nected to the AC power lines. Because of their low powerconsumption, the devices proposed for exemption have alow potential for causing interference to the authorizedservice, and, therefore, it is not necessary to subject themto the authorization, testing and importation require-ments. Thus, we are adopting our proposal. This action isconsistent with the Public Notice released by our FieldOperations Bureau on May 13, 1987. 61

142. Radio Frequency Defined to 9 kffz. The Noticeproposed to change the definition of radio frequency en-ergy, and the associated definition of digital devices, toinclude devices operating as low as 9 kHz instead of thecurrent specification of 10 kHz. AT&T and SpectrumMeasurement Corp. object to this proposal. SpectrumMeasurement Corp. indicates that a number of digitaldevices, i.e., switching power supplies, were designed withclock rates between 9 kHz and 10 kHz in order to avoidplacenient under the standards for digital devices. Thechange to 9 kHz was, proposed in the Notice to correspondto the change in the definition of radio frequency energycontained in the 1979 Final Acts of the World Admin-istrative Radio Conference, making our rules consistentwith international standards. 62 Further, the band 9-10kHz is allocated for radionavigation and must be pro-tected from interference from Part 15 devices. Thus, achange to the definition of radio frequency energy to

include emissions between 9-10 kHz is being adopted inthis Order. However, manufacturers are being allowed upto five years before digital devices operating within theband 9-10 kHz must comply with the regulations.

143. Requests for Allocation of Spectrum. SEIA, alongwith a number of manufacturers of control and securityalarm devices, requests the Commission to allocate spe-cific frequencies for their equipment, particularly securityand life-safety equipment. SEJA requests that we recognizea priority right for Part 15 security and life safety devicesto &perate in designated frequency segments with protec-tion against interference from any non-safety related de-vices. Rollins states that the time has come for theCommission to recognize the control and security alarmindustry and that it should establish a group of frequen-cies that they can use with recognition of their use as avalid radio service. These requests involve frequency al-location issues and, therefore, are beyond the scope of thisproceeding. Accordingly, we will not address them herein.

VI. TRANSITION TIMES FOR COMPLYING WITH THENEW RULES

144. As with any significant revision of a long standingregulatory process, it will be necessary for. manufacturersto make changes in some Part 15 devices that currentlyare being marketed. To the extent possible, we have at-tempted to anticipate the problems that may arise. In theNotice, we proposed to provide lengthy transition periodsin cases where manufacturers are required 'to build totighter standards. More specifically, we proposed to allowreceivers to be manufactured and imported under thecurrent regulations for a period of ten years. A similar tenyear transition period was proposed for intentional radia-tors operating at 27 MHz and 49 MHz and for cordlesstelephones. The possibility of a ten year transition periodfor other affected devices was raised in the Notice.

145. None of the comments objected to the ten yeartransition period proposed for receivers. The manufactur-ers of control and security alarm device transmitters, e.g.,DORCMA, GM, Genie, ITI, Linear, SEIA and Stanley,request that they be provided the same ten year periodallowed for receivers. Linear argues that a long transitiontime is needed to amortize investment in current designsand tooling, to create new, compliant designs and toobtain the required lines of stipply and tools for produc-tion. NTIA comments that there should be no transitionperiods for devices using the new bands made available inthis proceeding.

146. As proposed in the Notice, we are adopting a tenyear transition period for receivers. Because of the signifi-cant changes being made to the standards applied to re-ceivers, a longer period is necessary to allowmanufacturers to create new, compliant designs. Accord-ingly, we will allow such receivers to be imported, manu-factured domestically and authorized under the existingregulations for a period of ten years following the effec-tive date of this Order. We have not specified an earlierdate by which receivers must be authorized to show com-pliance with the new rules. However, the importers andmanufacturers should note that it is their responsibility todetermine at what time authorization under the standardsadopted in this Order should be obtained. We do not planto grant any extensions to the manufacture and importa-tion transition period based on the date that authorizationwas obtained on a receiver. It should be noted that if a

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receiver is associated with a transmitter operating underregulations that were not in effect prior to the adoption ofthis Order, no transition period is being implemented forthat receiver. Obviously, such receivers must be designedconcurrently with the transmitters and matters such asredesign and retrofitting are not relevant.

147. We are not adopting the ten year transition provi-sions specifically proposed in the Notice for cordless tele-phones or intentional radiators operating at 27 or 49MHz. Paragraph 46, supra, provides the reasons why thislengthy transition provision is no longer needed forcordless telephones and intentional radiators operating inthe 49 MHz band. For intentional radiators operating inthe 27 MHz band, the regulations, being adopted wouldnot require significant modifications to existing devices,allowing the implementation of a shorter transition provi-sion. For operation in the 27 MHz band, we are retainingthe current application of average emission measure-ments, as indicated in paragraph 34, supra. In addition,while we have reduced the levels of unwanted emissionspermitted from these devices, we have expanded the exist-ing frequency band to permit operation anywhere withinthe band 26.96-27.28 MHz. This expansion provides"guard bands", within which currently designed equip-ment would no longer be required to reduce unwantedemissions. These "guard bands" facilitate the ability ofcurrently designed equipment to comply with the limitson unwanted emissions that are being adopted.

148. We do not believe that it is necessary to provide aten year period for implementation of the new Part 15rules for Part 15 devices other than receivers. First, thenew rules permit transmitters to operate with higher lev-els of radiated emissions and therefore a greater potentialfor causing interference. Second, technical standards fortransmitters and unintentional radiators (other than re-ceivers) have not been significantly changed. Thus, thedegree of redesign needed to bring these devices intocompliance with the new rules is not great. The majorchange to the regulations that would most likely requirethe redesign of a product is the adoption of additionalrestricted bands. The interference protection to be pro-vided to services operating in the restricted bands shouldbe instituted as soon as feasible. Third, in the previouslycited Report and Order in Docket No. 86-422, the manu-facturers of control and security alarm devices, in re-sponse to a Commission proposal to adopt emission limitsfor their devices, indicated that transition times of 24months on obtaining a new grant of equipment authoriza-tion and 30 months on manufacturing and importationwas acceptable. Thus, we believe that a general ten yeartransition period for intentional radiators is unreasonable.

149. Based on these considerations, except for receivers,we will continue to grant authorizations and permit ver-ification of Part 15 devices that meet the previous stan-dards for a period of three years after the effective date ofthis Report and Order. However, except for receivers,within five years of the effective date of this action, anyPart 15 equipment that is manufactured domestically orimported must comply with the new rules. These transi-tion provisions are not expected to present any substantialhardships to the manufacturers of Part 15 devices. How-ever, delegated authority is being granted to the ChiefEngineer to provide limited extensions of no more thantwo years to the transition provisions for those situationswhere it is shown that additional time is needed.

CONCLUSION150. The actions being taken in this Report and Order

represent the Commission's best judgements as to thetrade-offs between beneficial low power spectrum use andpossible interference to the authorized radio services. Werecognize that certain increased risks of interference toauthorized devices may result from altering our regula-tions. However, the rules we are adopting are intended tominimize this interference potential. The field strengthlimits being adopted for general operation on the fre-quencies allocated to aviation, public safety, land mobileand most other frequency bands used by the authorizedservices are the same as those now applied to residentialcomputer products, and those products have not provento be a major source of interference complaints. In addi-tion, this Order establishes a number of restricted fre-quency bands, applicable to all Part 15 intentionalradiators, in order to provide additional protection to theallocated radio services. Further, except for non-residen-tial perimeter protection systems currently allowed underthe rules, we are not permitting the operation under thegeneral limits of transmitters in the TV broadcast bands.On balance, we believe that the public interest benefits ofthe rule changes being adopted outweigh the potential forincreased interference. Since we will be allowing largenumbers of new devices on new frequencies, we will beclosely monitoring, through the equipment authorizationprocess, the interference potential of these devices. If thisdiscovery process reveals potential interference problems,the limits adopted in this proceeding will be revisited.

151. Certain matters either raised in the Notice or sub-sequently brought to our attention require further review.Additional proceedings may be expected to address suchissues as standards that should be applied to kits of radiofrequency devices, definitions applicable to digital equip-ment, spread spectrum operation above 900 MHz, thelabelling of verified devices to indicate the identity of theresponsible party, and expedited proceedings to resolvecases of widespread interference.

PROCEDURAL MATTERS152. Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980,

5 USC 601 et seq., the following final flexibility analysishas been prepared:

1. Need for and purpose of the rules.The regulations pertaining to the operation of a radio

frequency device without an individual license were in-crementally promulgated over the last 35 years resultingin device-specific regulations, inequities in technical stan-dards between devices with similar interference potentials,standards that may be too strict or that have become toolax, and regulations that appear to be confusing to thegeneral public. The existing regulations also prohibit anumber of radio frequency operations that could bepermitted without unduly increasing the potential for in-terference to authorized radio services. The Commission isadopting a comprehensive revision of the Part 15 rules toresolve these problems in the existing rules.

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II. Summary of issues raised by public comments in re-sponse to the initial regulatory flexibility analysis, Commis-sion assessment, and changes made as a result,

No commenting parties raised issues specifically inresponse to the initial regulatory flexibility analysis. Theregulations being adopted in this Report and Order relaxcertain standards and apply tighter limits to others. Theproposed regulations are technically and economicallyachievable without undue burden on any entity and aredesigned to provide the public and industry with addi-tional flexibility in using radio frequency energy for con-sumer oriented applications without significantlyincreasing the potential for interference to the authorizedservices. In many cases, the potential for interference tothe authorized services will be decreased by this action.Because these changes to the regulations will result inimpact to a number of manufacturers, requiring redesignof their equipment, liberal transition provisions are beingadopted. These transition provisions will lessen the impactto manufacturers, allowing many types of devices to becycled through numerous design changes before compli-ance with the regulations adopted by this Report andOrder is required.

III. Significant alternatives considered.The Commission has considered all of the alternatives

presented in this proceeding and has adopted standardsthat can be achieved by industry while still protectingauthorized users of the radio spectrum from interference.Alternatives include deleting all emission standards andrestrictions on the marketing of non-complying equip-ment, retaining the present regulations, adopting the regu-lations proposed in the Notice of Proposed Rule Making,adopting tighter standards than proposed, or a combina-tion of these.

153. The proposal contained herein has been analyzedwith respect to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 andfound to impose a new or modified information collec-tion requirement on the public. Implementation of anynew or modified requirement will be subject to approvalby the Office of Management and Budget as prescribed bythe Act.

ORDERING CLAUSES

154. Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that under theauthority contained in Sections 4(i), 301, 302, 303(e),303(t), 303(r), 303(s), 304 and 307 of the CommunicationsAct of 1934, as amended, Parts 2 and 15 of the Commis-sion's Rules and Regulations ARE AMENDED as setforth in Appendix B below. These rules and regulationsare effective June, 23, 1989.

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION

Donna R. SearcySecretary

APPENDIX A

Comments on GEN Docket No 87-389 were receivedfrom the following:

Phil AdamsakADC Telecommunications, Inc. (ADC)Aerospace & Flight Test Radio Coordinating Coun-cil (AFTRCC)

Amador Corporation (Amador)

Ambico, Inc.

Allen-Bradley Company (Allen-Bradley)

American Radio Relay League, Incorporated (theLeague)

American Telephone and Telegraph Company(AT&T)

Michael St. AngeloClifford I. Appel

Arizona Dept. of Transportation (AZDOT)

The Association of American Railroads (AAR)

The Association of Maximum Service Telecasters(MST)

The Association of North American Radio Clubs(ANARC)Robert M. Ayers

Vincent Bafetti

Gregory A. BakerPeter Thomas Baldwin

Herbert F. Barnes

C. 0. BennettJoseph Bennett

Marianne BenseJames A. Betteley.

Gerald W. BishopHomer P. Blincoe (with Electromagnetic Sciences,Inc.)

Ronold H. BofethHarold F. Bower

Wayne V. BrittonB. Miles Brown

R. I. Brown

Timothy P. Brown

J. L. Browning

James C. Brownlee, Jr.John W. BryantRobert A. Burbe

Gene Burton

Michael Butts

Cliff Buttschardt

David G. CantorDonald Carr

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FCC 89-103

Michele Carr

Richard S. Carroll

James A. CarsonThe Chamberlain Group, Inc. (Chamberlain)Henri J. Chapdelaine

George N. ChristoffR.olan 0. Clark (President, Fredrick Amateur RadioClub)Carl Clawson

Oscar E. Clinton

Thomas L. CollinvittiThe Computer and Business Equipment Manufac-turers Association (CBEMA)Computer Contact Corporation

COMSAT Amateur Radio Club (CARC)Control Data Canada (CD C)

Eileen A. Cook

John G. CookJeffrey L. Cooper

Lewis R. Coulborn

James 0. CoweeDaniel 0. CraigLester D. Crawford

Harry A. CrespyDennis R. Curry

Kenneth A. & Barbara I. CzarnieckiMichael A. Czuhajewski

Dallas Semiconductor (Dallas)

Douglas L. Datwyler

Robert Davidson

Carlton DavisL. S. Davis, Jr.

Donald F. Deakin

Edward C. DeichlerPhilip DeJarlais

Louis J. Devillon

David R. DeSpain

Warren J. DickieTony DiFlorio

Digital Equipment Corporation (Digital)

David G. Doernberg

Door Operator and Remote Controls ManufacturersAssociation (DORCMA)

Dennis G. DouglasJoan Drezhlo

Silas T. Dunn III

William K. Dvorak

Jimmie D. Edrington

Electronic Industries Association, Consumer Elec-tronics Group (EIA/CEG)

Electronic Industries Association, Land Mobile Ra-dio Section (EIAJLMRS)

Electronic

Industries

Association,

PersonalCommunications Section (EIAIPCS)

Electronic Industries Association of Japan, EMCOverseas (Standards and Regulations) Steering Com-mittee for Consumer Electronic Equipment (EIAJ)Jeff Elson

EnScan, Inc. (EnScan)Epstein Associates

Barbara B. ErbicherFrank C. Erbacher

Thomas A. FarrJ. Trent FeltenWilliam J. Fernandez

Kenneth D. FieldsFifth Generation AudioFisher Research Laboratory (Fisher)

Joseph J. FitzgeraldTerry E. Flach

William F. FlynnGerald M. Foley

Mark M. Forbes

Mark S. Fosella

Congressman Barney FrankCarl Frank

Robert J. Frediani

Free State Amateur Radio Club

John F. Gallagher

Martin H. Gallas

William R. Gardner

Edward T. Gelinas

Gemini Industries, Inc.General Electric Company (GE)

General Instrument Corporation (GIC)General Motors Research Corporation (GM)

The Genie Company, A Division of North Ameri-can Philips Corp. (Genie)

George Jacobs & Associates, Inc.

Geostar Corporation (Geostar)

Gillespie, Prudlion & Associates, Inc. and WilkensEngineeringE. A. Gillis

Paul & Mary GilmoreGreat River Amateur Radio Club

Gary L. Grebus

Chas. H. GreenS. R. Griffiths, et al (petition)

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Federal Communications Commission Record 4 FCC Rcd No. 9

DavId GuimontLeanore Guimont

Bill HafnerDean W. HagertyJohn Roulstone Hall

Roger P. HancockF. M. Hemrich

Timothy Hendel

Ruth M. Hesch

Corydon L. HineFrank D. Hixo

Jeffrey A. HornArthur J. Horswill Jr.

James R. 1-lough, Jr.

Bruce S. HowardThomas P. Hughes

Leo L. HunterFred E. Huntiey

C. Vernon Hyson

Independence Amateur Radio Clubindependent Data Communications ManufacturersAssociation (IDCMA)Interactive Technologies, Inc. (ITI)

Intercollegiate Broadcasting System, Inc. (IBS)International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)Daniel Jackson

James L. Jarvis

Jerold R. Johnson

Johnson County Radio Amateurs Club

William S. Karn

Vern Kaspar

Fred Dennis Kedjierski

Francis A. KeeganBernhard E. Keiser

Federick Kelcz

Carl KellerChristopher Kelly

Thomas M. Kinahan, Jr.Glenn A. King

James M. Kiskis

Kevin J. KleinHonorable Burton W. Knight, II

Richard KonecnyDennis J. Kosakowski

Larry Lambert

Richard E. Lambert

Carl J. La Monica

Donald B. Lawson

Timothy LeanhanJames G. Lee

Fred LehmanGeorge F. Levy

Karl B. LewisNoland L. Lewis

William B. Liii

Linear Corporation (Linear)

William A. Lippman, Jr.

Albert S. LobelLoc Rad, Inc. (Loc Rad)

Barry A. LowryLPB Inc. (2 comments filed)

Peter D. MacripoTimothy M. Maksymczak

Mammoth Cave Amateur Radio Club

Louis J. MarottaTimothy R. & Helen J. Marsh & Arthur P. Kay

Keith Martin

Michael A. McCarthyGinger Elizabeth McCausey

Don McClure, Jr.

John McCulloughJim D. Mcintosh

Thomas A. McKeeWilliam L. McNabb, Sr.

Carl H. Menne

C. H. Merreii

Charles J. Michaels

Micrilor, Inc.

Michael MidekeJohn A. Milhoan

3M Dynatel Systems Division (Dynatel)Craig V. Moore

Don Moore

James V. Morgan, Jr.Daniel MrockGregory J. Mumley

David Murphy

James J. Murphy

R. Donald Murray

National Academy of Sciences' Committee on RadioFrequencies (CORF)

Naiional Association of Broadcasters (NAB)National Cable Television Association, Inc. (NCTA)

National Electrical Manufacturers Association(NEMA)

Greg .1. Nazarow

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NCR Corporation (NCR)

John Neary

NEC Information Systems, Inc. (NECIS)

Darrell NeftNicholas A. Nelson

W. S. NeustadterNitech, Inc. (Nitech)

Robert D. Null

Bernard M. Oliver

Michael Ortlieb

John Osborne

Donald R. Palko

Gerald L. Park

Kermit R. ParkerFloyd X. Passmore

PA Technology

Harry B. Payne, Jr.

Alan PerkinsPico Macom, Inc. (Pico)

Pioneer Communications of America, Inc. (PCA)

Pittway Corporation, under their division, AlarmDevice Manufacturing Company (Pittway)Henry Pokorny

Martin A. PrehmPublic Broadcasting Service (PBS)

Al Quaglieri

Stanley F. QuayleCharles E. Quentel

Rabbit Systems, Inc. (RSI)

RADAR Inc. (RADAR)Radio Listed Services

A Radio Repair ManRadio Road Inc.Radio Telecom and Technology, Inc. (RTT)

Vincent Reh

Arthur B. ReisRF Monolithics, Inc. (RFM)

Richard W. Burden Associates

Marc Richman

Donna Kay Ring

Rockwell International Corporation (Rockwell)Henry C. Rodewald

Charles J. Ross

Thomas Allen RoundsP. J. Rovero

Werner RueggebergGene P. Rybolt

Joseph E. Saloka

Kit Sagendorf

Martin C. Sagendorf

Salient Communications Company (Salient)San Juan County ARES and SJC Radio Club

Stanley John Scaisky

Luther 0. Schimpf

Schiage Electronics (Schlage)Schiumberger, Sangamo Energy Management Dlvi-Sb ITt

Joseph J. Schroeder, Jr.

Mary E. SchneiderErich Schulman

Security Equipment Industry Association (SEIA)

Sensormatic Electronics Corporation (Sensormatic)Senstar Corporation (Senstar)

SETI Institute

Shenandoah Valley Amateur Radio Club, Inc.John D. Shoemaker

David Alkire SmithMark J. Smith

Thomas W. SmithSociety for Promotion of Amplitude Modulation(SPAM)Southern California Repeater and Remote Base As-sociation (SCRRBA)Spectrum Measurement CorporationRoger G. Spindler

Stanley Electronics (Stanley)Mitchell Stern

Merrill G. StilesDavid S. A. Stine

Paul M. Stirling

Kenneth E. Stone

Ernest N. StorrsKenneth E. Stringham Jr.

Truman J. Sylvester

John A. Taflan, II

Tandy Corporation (Tandy)

Craig N. Teerlink

Glenn Thomas

Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. (ThomsonCE)

James A, Thornton, et. al.

James K. Thorusen

Transcience Industries (Transcience)

Stephen TrappHerb D. Twitchell

U. S. Department of Commerce, National Telecom-munications and Information Administration(NTIA) (3 comments)

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U. S. Department of the InteriorU. S. Department of Transportation, U. S. CoastGuard (USCO)Arthur L. Usher

Utility Tool Company (Utility Tool)Hector Valinzuela

Vernon ValeroVictor Voss

Robert H. WalkerRichard Warren

Washington Area DX Association (WADXA)

J. Allan Waters

Allen WatsonRonald H. Wenig

John F. Werner, HI

Douglas White(unreadable)

Whitewater Hills Amateur Radio Club Inc.John Wiley

Stephen WiImet

James C. WiskowMike Witenko

Karl F. Witter

WNMQ, Inc.

Raymond WolfeJohn R. WrightHarold E. Wyer

Matthew E. Zilmer

Reply comments on Gen. Docket No. 87-389 were re-ceived from the following:

Aerospace & Flight Test Radio Coordinating Coun-cil (AFTRCC)

Allen-Bradley Company (Allen-Bradley)Amador Corporation (Amador)

American Council of Independent Laboratories, Inc.(ACIL)American Radio Relay League, Inc. (the League)

American Telephone and Telegraph Company(AT&T)

Aox Inc.

ARNAV Systems, Inc.

Association of Maximum Service Telecasters (MST)Association of North American Radio Clubs(ANARC)

Edward V. Breeden IIIDavid R. Burnett

The Chamberlain Group, Inc. (Chamberlain)

Checkpoint Systems, Inc. (Checkpoint)Robert A. Christensen -

Cincinnati Bell Telephone Company

Richard Terrance ColganThe Computer and Business Equipment Manufac-turers Association (CBEMA)

Control Data Canada, Ltd. (CDC)

Door Operator and Remote Controls ManufacturersAssociation (DORCMA)

Electronic Industries Association, Consumer Elec-tronics Group (EIAICEG)

Gambatte Inc.William R. Gardner

General Electric Company (GE)

General Instrument Corp. (GIC)

General Motors Research Corporation (GM)

Honeywell Inc. (Honeywell)Independent Data Communications ManufacturersAssociation, Inc. (TDCMA)International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)

Linear Corporation (Linear)Metrotech

3M Dynatel Systems Division (Dynatel)

National Academy of Sciences' Committee on RadioFrequencies (CORE)National Association of Broadcasters (NAB)National Association of State Aviation Officials(NASAO)National Burglar & Fire Alarm Associates, Inc.National Business Aircraft Association, Inc. (NBAA)

National Electrical Manufacturers Association(NEMA)

O'Neill Communications, Inc. (OCI)PA Consulting Group

Pittway Corporation (Pittway)Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)

Rabbit Systems, Inc. (RSI)

Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services(RTCM)Rollins, Inc. (Rollins)

Security Equipment Industry Association (SEIA)

Sensormatic Electronics Corporation (Sensormatic)

Senstar Corp. (Senstar)

Stellar Systems Inc. (Stellar)

Tandy Corporation (Tandy)Texas Instruments, Inc. (TI)

(5. S. Department of Commerce, National Telecom-munications and Information Administration(NTIA)

U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Avi-ation Administration (FAA)

Utilities Telecommunications Council (UTC)Wild Goose Association

Zenith Electronics Corporation (Zenith)

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FCC 89403

APPENDIX BA. Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 2,

is amended as follows:

1. The authority citation for Part 2 continues to read asfollows:

Authority See. 4, 302, 303, and 307 of the Communica-tions Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C. Sections 154, 302,303, and 307, unless otherwise noted.

2. Section 2.801 is amended by revising paragraph (b)to read as follows:

Section 2.80 1 Radiofrequency device defined.

(b) The incidental, unintentional and intentional radia-tors defined in Part 15 of this Chapter.

3. Section 2.805 is revised to read as follows:

Section 2.805 Equipment that does not require Commis-sion approval.

In the case of a radio frequency device that, inaccordance with the rules in this Chapter, does not haveto have a grant of equipment authorization issued by theCommission, e.g., a device subject to verification, but,nevertheless, must comply with specified technical stan-dards prior to use, no person shall sell or lease, or offerfor sale or lease (including advertising for sale or lease),or import, ship or distribute for the purposes of selling orleasing or offering for sale or lease, any such radio fre-quency device unless, prior thereto, such device complieswith the applicable administrative and technical provi-sions (including verification of the equipment, where re-quired) specified in the Commission's rules.

4. Section 2.806 is amended by revising the title andtext to read as follows:

Section 2.806 Exeinptioit for a digital device,

(a) Notwithstanding the provisions in Section 2.805, theannouncement and offer for sale of a digital device, sub-.ject to verification under the provisions in Part 15 of thisChapter, that is in the conceptual, developmental, designor preproduction stage is permitted prior to verification ofcompliance, provided the prospective buyer is advised inwriting at the time of announcement or offer for sale thatsuch equipment is subject to the FCC rules and that suchequipment shall comply with the appropriate FCC rulesbefore final delivery to the buyer or to centers of distribu-tion.

(b) Parties responsible for verification of Class A digitaldevices, as defined in Part 15 of this Chapter, shall havethe option of ensuring compliance with the applicabletechnical specifications of this Chapter at each end user's

location after installation, provided that the purchase orlease agreement includes a proviso that such a determina-tion of compliance be made and is the responsibility ofthe party responsible for verification of the equipment.

(c) A digital device subject to the provisions of thisChapter may be operated prior to a determination ofcompliance under the following conditions:

(1) Any digital device may be operated for the purposeof compliance testing.

(2) Any digital device may be operated for the purposeof demonstration at a trade show provided there is dis-played a conspicuous notice that the device has not beentested for compliance. If a digital device subject to ver-ification is offered for sale or lease at the show, theprovisions of Section 2.806(a) shall apply. A digital devicesubject to a grant of equipment authorization from theCommission may not be offered for sale or lease prior toissuance of the grant of authorization by the FCC, butmay be advertised or displayed as provided by Section2.803.

(3) Any digital device may be operated at the manufac-turer's facilities during developmental, design orpreproduction states for evaluation of product perfor-mance and determination of customer acceptability.

(4) Where customer acceptability of a Class A digitaldevice cannot be determined at the manufacturer's facili-ties because of size or unique capability of the device, thatdevice may be operated at the user's site during develop-ment, design or preproduction stages for evaluation ofproduct performance and determination of customer ac-ceptability.

(5) For the purpose of paragraphs (c)(3) and (c)(4) ofthis Section. the manufacturer's facilities are considered toinclude the facilities of the party responsible for compli-ance with the regulations, the manufacturer, and otherentities working under the authorization of the responsi-ble party in connection with the development and manu-facture, but not marketing, of the equipment.

5. Section 2.909 is redesignated as Section 2.911.

6. Section 2910 is redesignated as Section 2.913.

7. A new Section 2.909 is added before the heading"Application Procedures for Equipment Authorizations",to read as follows:

Section 2.909 Responsible party,The following parties are responsible for the compli-

ance of radio frequency equipment with the applicabletechnical standards after a grant of equipment authoriza-tion is issued by the Commission or the equipment isverified:

(a) In the case of equipment which requires the issu-ance by the Commission of a grant of equipment au-thorization, the party to whom that grant of authorizationis issued (the grantee).

(b) In the case of equipment subject to authorizationunder the verification procedure, the manufacturer or, inthe case of imported equipment, the importer.

8. A new Section 2.948 is added to read as follows:

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Section 2.948 Description of measurement facilities.

(a) Each party making measurements of equipment thatis subject to an equipment authorization under Part 15 orPart 18 of this Chapter, regardless of whether the mea-surements are filed with the Commission or kept on fileby the party responsible for compliance of equipmentmarketed within the U. S. or its possessions, shall compilea description of the measurement facilities employed.

(1) If the measured equipment is subject to the verifica-tion procedure, the description of the measurement facili-ties shall be retained by the party responsible forverification of the equipment.

(I) If the equipment is verified through measurementsperformed by an independent laboratory, it is acceptablefor the party responsible for verification of the equipmentto rely upon the description of the measurement facilitiesretained by or placed on file with the Commission by thatlaboratory. In this situation, the party responsible forverification of the equipment is not required to retain aduplicate copy of the description of the measurementfacilities.

(ii) If the equipment is verified based on measurementsperformed at the installation site of the equipment, nospecific site calibration data is required. It is acceptable toretain the description of the measurement facilities at thesite at which the measurements were performed.

(2) If the equipment is to be authorized by the Com-mission under the certification or the notification proce-dure, the description of the measurement facilities shallbe filed with the Commission's Laboratory in Columbia,Maryland. The data describing the measurement facilitiesneed only be filed once but must be updated as changesare made to the measurement facilities or as otherwisedescribed in thisSection. At least every three years, theorganization responsible for filing the data with the Com-mission shall certify that the data on file is current.

(b) The description shall contain the following informa-tion:

(I) Location of the test site.(2) Physical description of the test site accompanied by

photographs 8" x 10" in size. Smaller photographs may beused if they clearly show the details of the test site and aremounted on full size sheets of paper.

(3) A drawing showing the dimensions of the site, phys-ical layout of all supporting structures, and all structureswithin 5 times the distance between the measuring an-tenna and the device being measured.

(4) Description of structures used to support the devicebeing measured and the test instrumentation.

(5) List of measuring equipment used.(6) Information concerning the calibration of the mea-

suring equipment, i.e., the date the equipment was lastcalibrated and how often the equipment is calibrated.

(7) If desired, a statement as to whether the test site isavailable to do measurement services for the public on afee basis.

3526

(8) A plot of site attenuation data taken pursuant toFCC Bulletin OET 55 using a tuned dipole antenna (thisprovision does not apply to equipment that is not mea-sured on an open field test site).

(9) A description of the types of equipment intended tobe measured or other information regarding the types ofmeasurements that would be performed at the test facility.

(c) The Commission will publish a list of those partieswho have filed the information required by this section,provided they indicate that they wish to perform measure-ment services for the public on a fee basis. However, itshould be noted that the Commission does not endorse orapprove any facility on this list.

9. Section 2.955 is amended by adding new paragraphs(a)(3) and (a)(4) to read as follows:

Section 2.955 Retention of records.

(a) * * *

(3) A record of the measurements made on an appro-priate test site that demonstrates compliance with theapplicable regulations. The record shall identify the inea-Surement procedure that was used and shall include allthe data required to show compliance with the appro-priate regulations.

(4) For equipment subject to the provisions in Part 15of this Chapter, the records shall indicate if the equip-ment was verified pursuant to the transition provisionscontained in Section 15.37 of this Chapter.

10. Section 2.975 is amended by revising paragraph(a)(5) and by adding new paragraphs (a)(7), (1) and (g) toread as follows:

Section 2.975 Application for notification.

(a) * *

(5) For devices operated under the provisions of Part 15of this Chapter, photographs showing the general appear-ance and the controls available to the user. Photographsshould be 8 by 10 inches in size. Smaller photographsmay be submitted provided they are sharp and clear, showthe necessary detail, and are mounted on paper between 8by 10 1/2 inches and 8 1/2 by 11 inches. Line sketchesmay be submitted in lieu of photographs provided thosesketches are sufficiently detailed to allow identification ofthe equipment. For devices operated under the provisionsof any other Part and where it is specifically requiredunder the rule section(s) under which the device is to beoperated, photographs Of the equipment of sufficient clar-ity to reveal its external appearance and size, both frontand back;

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(7) For equipment subject to the provisions of Part 15of this Chapter, the application shall indicate if the equip-ment is being authorized pursuant to the transition provi-sions in Section 15.37 of this Chapter.

(f) For a composite system that incorporates onlydevices subject to certification, verification and/or notifica-tion and that are contained in a single enclosure, a sepa-rate application, FCC Form 731, with the appropriate feeshall be submitted for each type of device within theenclosure. At the option of the applicant, a single FCCidentifier may be requested for that system. Fees are basedon the number of devices and types of authorizations.

(g) The records of measurement data, measurementprocedures, photographs, circuit diagrams, etc. for thedevice to which the application applies shall be retainedfor two years after the manufacture of said equipment hasbeen permanently discontinued, or until the conclusionof an investigation or proceeding if the holder of thegrant of equipment authorization is officially notified thatan investigation or any other administrative proceedinginvolving the equipment has been instituted.

11. Section 2.1033 is amended by revising paragraphs(b) and (c) and by adding new paragraphs (b)(1) through(b)(10) to read as follows:

Section 2.1033 Application for cerufication.

(b) The application shall be accompanied by a technicalreport containing the following information:

(1) The full name and mailing address of the manufac-turer of the device and the applicant for certification.

(2) FCC identifier.(3) A copy of the installation and operating instructions

to be furnished the user. A draft copy of the instructionsmay be submitted if the actual document is not available.The actual document shall be furnished to the FCC whenit becomes available.

(4) A brief description of the circuit functions of thedevice along with a statement describing how the deviceoperates. This statement should contain a description ofthe ground system and antenna, if any, used with thedevice.

(5) A block diagram showing the frequency of all os-cillators in the device. The signal path and frequency shallbe indicated at each block. The tuning range(s) and inter-mediate frequency(ies) shall be indicated at each block. Aschematic diagram also is required for intentional radia-tors.

(6) A report of measurements of radiated and con-ducted emissions. This shall identify the test procedureused (e.g., indicate the FCC test procedure used or, if analternate test procedure was used, a description of the testprocedure and the reason it was necessary to use an

alternate procedure), the date the measurements weremade, the location where the measurements were made,and the device tested (model and serial number, if avail-able). It shall also include a sample calculation showinghow the obtained measurements were converted to thelevels specified in the applicable rule sections.

(7) A sufficient number of photographs to clearly showthe exterior appearance, the construction, the componentplacement on the chassis, and the chassis assembly. Theexterior views shall show the overall appearance, the an-tenna used with the device (if any), the controls availableto the user, and the required identification label in suffi-cient detail so that the name and FCC identifier can beread. In lieu of a photograph of the label, a sample label(or facsimile thereof) may be submitted together with asketch showing where this label will be placed on theequipment. Photographs shall be 8 by 10 inches in size.Smaller photographs may be submitted provided they aresharp and clear, show the necessary detail, and aremounted on paper between 8 and 10 1/2 inches and 8 1/2by 11 inches in size. A sample label or facsimile togetherwith the sketch showing the placement of this label shallbe on the same size paper.

(8) If the equipment for which certification is beingsought must be tested with peripheral or accessory devicesconnected or installed, a brief description of those periph-erals or accessories. The peripheral or accessory devicesshall be unmodified, commercially available equipment.

(9) For equipment subject to the provisions of Part 15of this Chapter, the application shall indicate if the equip-ment is being authorized pursuant to the transition provi-sions in Section 15.37 of this Chapter.

(10) For a device used in decoding the EmergencyBroadcast System Attention Signal, as defined in Section73.906 of this Chapter, the value of the necessary voltage(RMS) or range of voltages of the attention signal to beapplied to the input terminals of the decoder which willcause the desired response of the device. In the event thatinput signals other than the attention signal (excludingsignals which in combination form the attention signal),including signals outside this voltage range, will causefalse responses by the device, a description of such signalsand their input voltage levels that cause such false re-sponses shall be specified in the application and appro-priate warnings shall be included in the instructionsfurnished to the user. The susceptibility of the device tofalse responses and any lack of reliability in responding tothe attention signal at input levels within the rated voltagerange may be regarded by the Commission as cause todeny certification.

(c) For a composite system that incorporates only de-vices subject to certification, verification and/or notifica-tion and that are contained in a single enclosure, aseparate application, FCC Form 731, shall be submittedwith the appropriate fee for each type of device within theenclosure. At the option of the applicant, a single FCCidentifier may be requested for that system. Fees are basedon the number of devices and types of authorizations.

12. Section 2.1043 is amended by revising paragraphs(a) and (c) and adding a new paragraph (b)(3) to read asfollows:

Section 2.1043 Changes in certificated equipment.

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(a) Changes to the basic frequency determining andstabilizing circuitry (including clock or data rates), fre-quency multiplication stages, basic modulator circuit ormaximum power or field strength ratings shall not beperformed without application for and authorization of anew grant of certification. Variations in electrical or me-chanical construction, other than these indicated items,are permitted provided the variations either do not affectthe characteristics required to be reported to the Commis-sion or the variations are made in compliance with theother provisions of this Section.

(b) * * *

(3) Permissive changes, as detailed above, shall be madeonly by the holder of the grant of certification. Changesby any party other than the grantee require a new ap-plication for and grant of certification.

(c) A grantee desiring to make a change other than apermissive change shall file an application on FCC Form731 accompanied by the required fees. The grantee shallattach a description of the change(s) to be made and astatement indicating whether the change(s) will be madein all Units (including previous production) or will bemade only in those units produced after the change isauthorized.

13. Section 2.1201 is amended by adding a new para-graph (c) after the Note to read as follows:

Section 2.1201 Purpose.

(c) The provisions of this Subpart shall not apply tomusical greeting cards, quartz watches and clocks, mod-ules of quartz watches and clocks, radio frequency devices(including digital devices) whose radio frequency stage hasa power consumption not exceeding 6 oW, hand-heldcalculators and electronic games that do not require con-nection to the AC power lines, and digital devices inwhich both the highest frequency generated and the high-est frequency used are Tess than 1.705 MHz and that donot operate from the AC power lines or contain provi-sions for operation while connected to the AC powerlines.

B. Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1.5,is amended as follows:

1. The authority citation for Part 15 is amended to readas follows:

Authority: See. 4, 302, 303, 304, and 307 of the Commu-nications Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C. Sections 154,302, 303, 304, and 307.

2. Part 15 is revised in its entirety to read as follows:

Subpart C - Intentional RadiatorsSection 15.201 Equipment authorization re-

quirement.Section 15.203

Antenna requirement.Section 15.205

Restricted bands of operation.Section 15.207

Conducted limits.Section 15.209

Radiated emission limits, gen-eral requirements.

Section 15.211

Tunnel radio systems.Section 15.2 13

Cable locating equipment.

Radiated Jfmission Limits, Additional ProvisionsSection 15.215

Additional provisions to thegeneral radiated emission limi-tations.Operation in the band 160 -190 kHz.Operation in the band 510 -1705 kHz.Operation in the band 525

-1705 kHz.Operation in the band 1.705 -10 MHz.Operation within the band13.553 - 13.57 MHz.Operation within the band26.96 - 27.28 MHz.Operation within the band40.66 - 40.70 Mf-lz.

I'ART 15 - RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES

Subpart A - GeneralSection 15.1Section 15.3Section 15.5

Unintentional RadiatorsEquipment authorization ofunintentional radiators.Exempted devices.Information to the user.Conducted limits.Radiated emission limits.Antenna power conductedlimits for receivers.Power line carrier systems.TV interface devices, includingcable system terminal devices.TV broadcast receivers.

Scope of this Part.Definitions.General conditions of opera-tion.Special temporary authority.Prohibition against eavesdrop-ping.Cross reference.incidental radiators.General technicalrequirements.Susceptibility to interference.Labelling requirements.Information to user.Home-built devices.Kits.Special accessories.Inspection by the Commission.Measurement standards.Frequency range of radiatedmeasurements.Emission limits.Transition provisions for com-pliance with the rules.

Section 15.7Section 15.9

Section 15.11SectIon 15.13Section 15.15

Section 15.17Section 15.19Section 15.21Section 15.23Section 15.25Section 15.27Section 15.29Section 15.31Section 15.33

Section 15.35Section 15.37

Subpart B

-Section 15.101

Section 15.103Section 15.105Section 15. 107Section 15.109Section 15.111

Section 15.113Section 15.115

Section 15.117

Section 15.2 17

Section 15.2 19

Section 15.221

Section 15.223

Section 15.225

Section 15.227

Section 15.229

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Periodic operation in the band40.66 - 40.70 MHz and above 70MHz.Operation within the bands46.60 - 46.98 MHz and 49.66 -50.0 MHz.Operation within the band49.82 49.90 MHz.Operation in the bands 72.0 -73.0 MHz and 75.4 - 76.0 MHz.Operation in the band 88 - 108MHz.

Section 15.241

Operation in the band 174 -216 MHz.

Section 15.243

Operation in the band 890 -940 MHz.

Section 15.245

Operation within the bands902 - 928 MHz, 2435 - 2465MHz, 5785 - 5815 MHz, 10500 -10550 MHz, and 24075 - 24175MHz.Operation within the bands902 - 928 MHz, 2400 - 2483.5MHz, and 5725 - 5850 MHz.Operation within the bands902 928 MHz, 2400 - 2483.5MHz, 5725 - 5875 MHz, and24.0 - 24.25 0Hz.Operation within the bands2.9-3.26 0Hz, 3,267 - 3.3320Hz, 3.339 - 3.3458 GI-lz, and3.358 - 3.6 0Hz.

Authority: Sec. 4, 302, 303, 304, and 307 of the Com-munications Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C. Sections154, 302, 303, 304, and 307.

Subpart A - General

Section 15.1 Scope of this Part.

(a) This Part sets out the regulations underwhich anintentional, unintentional, or incidental radiator may beoperated without an individual license. it also containsthe technical specifications, administrative requirementsand other conditions relating to the marketing of Part 15devices.

(b) The operation of an intentional or unintentionalradiator that is not in accordance with the regulations inthis Part must be licensed pursuant to the provisions ofSection 301 of the Communications Act of 1934, asamended, unless otherwise exempted from the licensingrequirements elsewhere in this Chapter.

(c) Unless specifically exempted, the operation or mar-keting of an intentional or unintentional radiator that isnot in compliance with the administrative and technicalprovisions in this Part, including prior Commission au-thorization or verification, as appropriate, is prohibitedunder Section 302 of the Communications Act of 1934, asamended, and Subpart I of Part 2 of this Chapter. Theequipment authorization and verification procedures aredetailed in Subpart J of Part 2 of this Chapter.

Section 15.3 Definitions.

(a) Auditory assistance device. An intentional radiatorused to provide auditory assistance to a handicapped per-son or persons. Such a device may be used for auriculartraining in an educational institution, for auditory assis-

lance at places of public gatherings, such as a church,theater, or auditorium, and for auditory assistance tohandicapped individuals, only, in other locations.

(b) Biomedical telemetry dei.'ice. An intentional radiatorused to transmit measurements of either human or ani-mal biomedical phenomena to a receiver.

(c) Cable input selector switch. A transfer switch that isintended as a means to alternate between the reception ofbroadcast signals via connection to an antenna and thereception of cable television service.

(d) Cable locating equipment. An intentional radiatorused intermittently by trained operators to locate buriedcables, lines, pipes and similar structures or elements.Operation entails coupling a radio frequency signal ontothe cable, pipe, etc. and using a receiver to detect thelocation of that structure or element.

(e) Cable system terminal device (CSTD). A TV interfacedevice that serves, as its primary function, to connect acable system operated under Part 76 of this Chapter to aTV broadcast receiver or other subscriber premise equip-ment. Any device which functions as a CSTD in one of itsoperating modes must comply with the technical require-ments for such devices when operating in that mode.

(1) Carrier current system. A system that transmits radiofrequency energy by conduction over the electric powerlines. A carrier current system can be designed such thatthe signals are received by conduction directly from con-nection to the electric power lines (unintentional radia-tor) or the signals are received over-the-air due toradiation of the radio frequency signals from the electricpower lines (intentional radiator).

(g) CB receiver. Any receiver that operates in the Per-sonal Radio Services on frequencies allocated for CitizensBand (CB) Radio Service Stations, as well as any receiverprovided with a Separate band specifically designed toreceive the transmissions of CB stations in the PersonalRadio Services. This includes the following: (1) a CBreceiver sold. as a separate unit of equipment; 2) thereceiver section of a CB transceiver; 3) a converter to beused with any receiver for the purpose of receiving CBtransmissions; and, 4) a multiband receiver that includes aband labelled "CB" or "it-meter" in which such bandcan be separately selected, except that an Amateur RadioService receiver that was manufactured prior to January1, 1960, and which includes an 11-meter band shall notbe considered to be a CB receiver.

(h) Class A digital device. A digital device that ismarketed for use in a commercial, industrial or businessenvironment, exclusive of a device which is marketed foruse by the general public or is intended to be used in thehome.

(i) Class B digital device. A digital device that ismarketed for use in a residential environment notwith-standing use in commercial, business and industrial envi-ronments. Examples of such devices include, but are notlimited to, personal computers, calculators, and similarelectronic devices that are marketed for use by the generalpublic. Note: The responsible party may also qualify adevice intended to be marketed in a commercial, businessor industrial environment as a Class B device, and in factis encouraged to do so, provided the device complies withthe technical specifications for a Class B digital device. Inthe event that a particular type of device has been foundto repeatedly cause harmful interference to radio commu-

Section 15.231

Section 15.233

Section 15.235

Section 15.237

Section 15.239

Section 15.247

Section 15.249

Section 15.25 1

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nications, the Commission may classify such a digitaldevice as a Class digital device, regardless of its in-tended use.

U) Cordless telephone system. A system consisting of twotransceivers, one a base station that connects to the publicswitched telephone network and the other a mobilehandset unit that communicates directly with the basestation. Transmissions from the mobile unit are receivedby the base station and then placed on the publicswitched telephone network. Information received fromthe switched telephone network is transmitted by the basestation to the mobile unit. lote: The Domestic PublicCellular Radio Telecommunications Service is consideredto be part of the switched telephone network. In addition,intercom and paging operations are permitted providedthese are not intended to be the primary modes of opera-tion.

(k) Digital device. (Previously defined as a computingdevice). An unintentional radiator (device or system) thatgenerates and uses timing signals or pulses at a rate inexcess of 9,000 pulses (cycles) per second and uses digitaltechniques; inclusive of telephone equipment that usesdigital techniques or any device or system that generatesand uses radio frequency energy for the purpose of per-forming data processing functions, such as electroniccomputations, operations, transformations, recording, fil-ing, sorting, storage, retrieval, or transfer. A radio fre-quency device that is specifically subject to an emanationrequirement in any other FCC Rule Part or an inten-tional radiator subject to Subpart C of this Part thatcontains a digital device is not subject to the standards fordigital devices, provided the digital device is used only toenable operation of the radio frequency device and thedigital device does not control additional functions orcapabilities. Note: Computer terminals and peripheralsthat are intended to be connected to a computer aredigital devices.

(1) Field dLsturbance sensor. A device that establishes aradio frequency field in its vicinity and detects changes inthat field resulting from the movement of persons orobjects within its range.

(m) Harmful interference. Any emission, radiation orinduction that endangers the functioning of a radio navi-gation service or of other safety services or seriously de-grades, obstructs or repeatedly interrupts aradioconimunications service operating in accordancewith this Chapter.

(n) Incidental radiator. A device that generates radiofrequency energy during the course of its operation al-though the device is not intentionally designed to generateor emit radio frequency energy. Examples of incidentalradiators are dc motors, mechanical light switches, etc.

(o) Intentional radiator. A device that intentionally gen-erates and emits radio frequency energy by radiation orinduction.

(p) Kit. Any number of electronic parts, usually pro-vided with a schematic diagram or printed circuit board,which, when assembled in accordance with instructions,results in a device subject to the regulations in this Part,even if additional parts of any type are required to com-plete assembly.

(q) Perinieter protection system. A field disturbance sen-sor that employs leaky cables as the radiating source.These cables are installed in a manner that allows thesystem to detect movement within the protected area.

(r) Peripheral device. An input/output unit of a systemthat feeds data into and/or receives data from the centralprocessing unit of a digital device. Peripherals to a digitaldevice include any device that is connected external to thedigital device, any device internal to the digital device thatconnects the digital device to an external device by wireor cable, and any circuit board or card designed forinterchangable mounting, internally or externally, thatincreases the operating or processing speed of a digitaldevice, e.g., "turbo cards" and "enhancement boards".Examples of peripheral devices include terminals, print-ers, external floppy disk drives and other data storagedevices, video monitors, keyboards, control cards, inter-face boards, external memory expansion cards and otherinput/output devices that may or may not contain digitalcircuitry. However, an internal device that contains thecentral processing unit of a digital device is not a periph-eral even though such a device may connect to an exter-nal keyboard or other components.

(s) Personal computer. An electronic computer that ismarketed for use in the home, notwithstanding businessapplications. Such computers are considered Class B digi-tal devices. Computers which use a standard TV receiveras a display device or meet all of the following conditionsare considered examples of personal computers:

(I) Marketed through a retail outlet or direct mailorder catalog.

(2) Notices of sale or advertisements are distributedor directed to the general public or hobbyist usersrather than restricted to commercial users.

(3) Operates on a battery or 120 volt electricalsupply.

If the responsible party can demonstrate that because ofprice or performance the computer is not suitable forresidential or hobbyist use, it may request that the com-puter be considered to fall outside of the scope of thisdefinition for personal computers.

(t) Power line carrier systems. An unintentional radiatoremployed as a carrier current system used by an electricpower utility entity on transmission lines for protectiverelaying, telemetry, etc. for general supervision of thepower system. The system operates by the transmission ofradio frequency energy by conduction over the electricpower transmission lines of the system. The system doesnot include those electric lines which connect the dis-tribution substation to the customer or house wiring.

(u) Radio frequency (RF) energy. Electromagnetic energyat any frequency in the radio spectrum between 9 kHzand 3,000,000 MHz.

(v) Scanning receiver. For the purpose of this rule Part,this is a receiver that automatically switches among fouror more frequencies in the range of 30 to 960 MHz andwhich is capable of stopping at and receiving a radiosignal detected on a frequency. Receivers designed solelyfor the reception of the broadcast signals under Part 73 of.the regulations or for operation as part of a licensedstation are not included in this definition.

(w) Television (TV) broadcast receiver. A device de-signed to receive television pictures that are broadcastsimultaneously with sound on the television channels au-thorized under Part 73 of this Chapter.

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(x) TraMfer switch. A device used to alternate betweenthe reception of over-the-air radio frequency signals viaconnection to an antenna and the reception of radiofrequency signals received by any other method, such asfrom a TV interface device.

(y) TV interface device. An unintentional radiator thatproduces or translates in frequency a radio frequencycarrier modulated by a video signal derived from anexternal or internal signal source, and which feeds themodulated radio frequency energy by conduction to theantenna terminals or other non-baseband input connec-tions of a television broadcast receiver. A TV interfacedevice may include a stand-alone RF modulator, or acomposite device consisting of an RE modulator, videosource and other components devices. Examples of TVinterface devices are video cassette recorders and terminaldevices attached to a cable system or used with a MasterAntenna (including those used for central distributionvideo devices in apartment or office buildings).

(z) Unintentional radiator. A device that intentionallygenerates radio frequency energy for use within the de-vice, or that sends radio frequency signals by conductionto associated equipment via connecting wiring, but whichis not intended to emit RF energy by radiation or induc-tion.

Section 15.5 General conditions of operation.(a) Persons operating intentional or unintentional radia-

tors shall not be deemed to have any vested orrecognizable right to continued use of any given fre-quency by virtue of prior registration or certification ofequipment, or, for power line carrier systems, on the basisof prior notification of use pursuant to Section 90.63(g) ofthis chapter.

(b) Operation of an intentional, unintentional, or in-cidental radiator is subject to the conditions that noharmful interference is caused and that interference mustbe accepted that may be caused by the operation of anauthorized radio station, by another intentional or un-intentional radiator, by industrial, scientific and medical(ISM) equipment, or by an incidental radiator.

(c) The operator of a radio frequency device shall berequired to cease operating the device upon notificationby a Commission representative that the device is causingharmful interference. Operation shall not resume untilthe condition causing the harmful interference has beencorrected.

(d) Intentional radiators that produce Class B emissions(damped wave) are prohibited.

Section 15.7 Special temporary authority.(a) The Commission will, in exceptional situations, con-

sider an individual application for a special temporaryauthorization to operate an incidental, intentional or un-intentional radiation device not conforming to the provi-sions of this part, where it can be shown that theproposed operation would be in the public interest, that itis for a unique type of station or for a type of operationwhich is incapable of being established as a regular ser-vice, and that the proposed operation can not feasibly beconducted under this Part.

(b) No authorization is required in order to performtesting of equipment for determining compliance withthese regulations. Except as provided in Subpart I of Part2 of this Chapter, this provision does not permit the

providing of equipment to potential users in order todetermine customer acceptance of the product or market-ing strategy, nor does this provision permit any type ofoperation other than a determination of compliance withthe regulations. During this testing, the provisions ofSections 15.5 and 15.205 apply.

Section 15.9 Prohibition against eavesdropping.Except for the operations of law enforcement officers

conducted under lawful authority, no person shall use,either directly or indirectly, a device operated pursuant tothe provisions of this Part for the purpose of overhearingor recording the private conversations of others unlesssuch use is authorized by all of the parties engaging in theconversation.

Section 15.11 Cross reference.The provisions of Subparts A, H, I, I and K of Part 2

apply to intentional and unintentional radiators, in addi-tion to the provisions of this Part. Also, a cable systemterminal device and a cable input selector switch shall besubject to the relevant provisions of Part 76 of this Chap-ter.

Section 15.13 Incidental radiators.Manufacturers of these devices shall employ good en-

gineering practices to minimize the risk of harmfulinterference.

Section 15.15 General tec/inicaf requirements.(a) An intentional or unintentional radiator shall be

constructed in accordance with good engineering designand manufacturing practice. Emanations from the deviceshall be suppressed as much as practicable, but in no caseshall the emanations exceed the levels specified in theserules.

(b) An intentional or unintentional radiator must beconstructed such that the adjustments of any control thatis readily accessible by or intended to be accessible to theuser will not cause operation of the device in violation ofthe regulations.

(c) Parties responsible for equipment complianceshould note that the limits specified in this Part will notprevent harmful interference under all circumstances.Since the operators of Part IS devices are required to ceaseoperation should harmful interference occur to autho-rized users of the radio frequency spectrum, the partiesresponsible for equipment compliance are encouraged toemploy the minimum field strength necessary for commu-nications, to provide greater attenuation of unwantedemissions than required by these regulations, and to ad-vise the user as to how to resolve harmful interferenceproblems (for example, see Section 15.105(b)).

Section 15.17 Susceptibility to interference.(a) Parties responsible for equipment compliance are

advised to consider the proximity and the high power ofnon-Government licensed radio stations, such as broad-cast, amateur and land mobile stations, and of U. S.Government radio stations when choosing operating fre-quencies during the design of their equipment so as toreduce the susceptibility for receiving harmful interfer-ence. Information on non-Government use of the spec-trum can be obtained by consulting the Table ofFrequency Allocations in Section 2.106 of this Chapter.

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(b) Information on U. S. Government operations canbe obtained by contacting: Director, Spectrum Plans andPolicy, National Telecommunications and InformationAdministration, Department of Commerce, Room 4096,Washington, D. C. 20230.

Section 15.19 Labelling requirements.(a) In addition to the requirements in Part 2 of this

Chapter, a device subject to certification, notification, orverification shall be labelled as follows:

(1) Receivers associated with the operation of a licensedradio service, e.g., FM broadcast under Part 73, landmobile operation under Part 90, etc., shall bear the fol-lowing statement in a conspiciuous location on the device:

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.Operation is subject to the condition that this devicedoes not cause harmful interference.

(2) A stand-alone cable input selector switch, shall bearthe following statement in a conspicuous location on thedevice:

This device is verified to comply with Part 15 of theFCC Rules for use with cable television service.

(3) All other devices shall bear the following statementin a conspicuous location on the device:

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) this device may not cause harmful interference,and (2) this device must accept any interferencereceived, including interference that may causeundesired operation.

(b) Where a device is constructed in two or moresections connected by wires and marketed together, thestatement specified in this Section is required to be affixedonly to the main control unit.

(c) When the device is so small or for such use that it isnot practicable to place the statement specified in thisSection on it, the information required by these para-graphs shall be placed in a prominent location in theinstruction manual or pamphlet supplied to the user or,alternatively, shall be placed on the container in whichthe device is marketed. However, the FCC identifier orthe unique identifier, as appropriate, must be displayedon the device.

Section 15.21 Information to user.The users manual or instruction manual for an inten-

tional or unintentional radiator shall caution the user thatchanges or modifications not expressly approved by theparty responsible for compliance could void the user'sauthority to operate the equipment.

Section 15.23 Home - built devices.(a) Equipment authorization is not required for devices

that are not marketed, are not constructed from a kit, andare built in quantities of five or less for personal use.

(b) It is recognized that the individual builder of home-built equipment may noLpossess the means to performthe measurements for determining compliance with theregulations. In this case, the builder is expected to employ

good engineering practices to meet the specified technicalstandards to the greatest extent practicable. The provisionsof Section 15.5 apply to this equipment.

Section 15.25 Kits.A TV interface device, including a cable system termi-

nal device, which is marketed as a kit shall comply withthe following requirements:

(a) All parts necessary for the assembled device to com-ply with the technical requirements of this Part must besupplied with the kit. No mechanism for adjustment thatcan cause operation in violation of the requirements ofthis Part shall be made accessible to the builder.

(b) At least two units of the kit shall be assembled inexact accordance with the instructions supplied with theproduct to be marketed. If all components required tofully complete the kit (other than those specified in para-graph (a) which are needed for compliance with thetechnical provisions and must be included with the kit)are not normally furnished with the kit, assembly shall bemade using the recommended components. The assem-bled units shall be certified or notified, as appropriate,pursuant to the requirements of this Part.

(1) The measurement data required for a TV interfacedevice subject to certification shall be obtained for each ofthe two units and submitted with an application for cer-tification pursuant to Subpart I of Part 2 of this Chapter.

(2) The measurement data required for a TV interfacedevice subject to notification shall be obtained for theunits tested and retained on file pursuant to the provi-sions of Subpart I of Part 2 of this Chapter.

(c) A copy of the exact instructions that will be pro-vided for assembly of the device shall be submitted withan application for certification or notification. Those partswhich are not normally furnished shall be detailed in theapplication for equipment authorization.

(d) In lieu of the label required by Section 15.19, thefollowing label, along with the label bearing the FCCidentifier and other information, specified in Sections2.925 and 2.926, shall be included in the kit with instruc-tions to the builder that it shall be attached to the com-pleted kit:

(Name of Grantee)(FCC Identifier)

This device can be expected to comply with Part 15of the FCC Rules provided it is assembled in exactaccordance with the instructions provided with thiskit. Operation is subject to the following conditions:(1) this device may not cause harmful interference,and (2) this device must accept any interferencereceived including interference that may cause,undesired operation.

(e) For the purpose of this Section, circuit boards usedas repair parts for the replacement of electrically identicaldefective circuit boards are not considered to be kits.

Section 15.27 Special accessories.(a) Equipment marketed to a consumer must be ca-

pable of complying with the necessary regulations in theconfiguration in which the equipment is marketed. Wherespecial accessories, such as shielded cables andlor specialconnectors, are required to enable an unintentional or

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intentional radiator to comply with the emission limits inthis Part, the equipment must be marketed with, i.e.,shipped and sold with, those special accessories. However,in lieu of shipping or packaging the special accessorieswith the unintentional or intentional radiator, the respon-sible party may employ other methods of ensuring thatthe special accessories are provided to the consumer,without additional charge, at the time of purchase. In-formation detailing any alternative method used to supplythe special accessories shall be included in the applicationfor a grant of equipment authorization or retained in theverification records, as appropriate. The party responsiblefor the equipment, as detailed in Section 2.909 of thisChapter, shall ensure that these special accessories areprovided with the equipment. The instruction manual forsuch devices shall include appropriate instructions on thefirst page of the text concerned with the installation of thedevice that these special accessories must be used with thedevice. It is the responsibility of the user to use theneeded special accessories supplied with the equipment.

(b) If a device requiring special accessories is installedby or under the supervision of the party marketing thedevice, it is the responsibility of that party to install theequipment using the special accessories. For equipmentrequiring professional installation, it is not necessary forthe responsible party to market the special accessorieswith the equipment. However, the need to use the specialaccessories must be detailed in the instruction manual,and it is the responsibility of the installer to provide andto install the required accessories.

(c) Accessory items that can be readily obtained frommultiple retail outlets are not considered to be specialaccessories and are not required to be marketed with theequipment. The manual included with the equipmentmust specify what additional components or accessoriesare required to be used in order to ensure compliancewith this Part, and it is the responsibility of the user toprovide and use those components and accessories.

(d) The resulting system, including any accessories orcomponents marketed with the equipment, must complywith the regulations.

Section 15.29 Inspection by the Commission.(a) Any equipment or device subject to the provisions

of this Part, together with any certificate, notice of reg-istration or any technical data required to be kept on fileby the operator, supplier or party responsible for compli-ance of the device shall be made available for inspectionby a Commission representative upon reasonable request.

(b) The owner or operator of a radio frequency devicesubject to this Part shall promptly furnish to the Commis-sion or its representative such information as may berequested concerning the operation of the radio frequencydevice.

(c) The party responsible for the compliance of anydevice subject to this Part shall promptly furnish to theCommission or its representatives such information asmay be requested concerning the operation of the device,including a copy of any measurements made for obtainingan equipment authorization or demonstrating compliancewith the regulations.

(d) The Commission, from time to time, may requestthe party responsible for compliance, including an im-porter, to submit to the FCC Laboratory in Columbia,Maryland, various equipment to determine that the equip-

FCC 89-103

ment continues to comply with the applicable standards.Shipping costs to the Commission's Laboratory and returnshall be borne by the responsible party. Testing by theCommission will be performed using the measurementprocedure(s) that was in effect at the time the equipmentwas authorized or verified.

Section 15.31 Measurement standards.(a) The following measurement procedures are used by

the Commission to determine compliance with the tech-nical requirements. Copies of these procedures are avail-able from the National Technical Information Service(NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 orfrom the Commission's current duplicating contractorwhose name and address are available from the Commis-sion's Consumer Assistance Office.

FCC Methods of Measure-ments for DeterminingCompliance of Radio Controland Security Alarm Devicesand Associated Receivers.Measurement of UHF NoiseFigures of TV Receivers.FCC Methods of Measure-ments of Output Signal Level,Output Terminal ConductedSpurious Emissions, TransferSwitch Characteristics, andRadio Noise Emissions fromTV Interface Devices.FCC Procedure for MeasuringRF Emissions from Comput-ing Devices.FCC Procedure for MeasuringCable Television Switch Isola-tion.

(b) All parties making compliance measurements onequipment subject to the requirements of this Part areurged to use these measurement procedures. Any partyusing other procedures should ensure that such otherprocedures can be relied on to produce measurementresults compatible with the FCC measurement proce-dures. The description of the measurement procedureused in testing the equipment for compliance and a list ofthe test equipment actually employed shall be made partof an application for certification or included with thedata required to be retained by the party responsible fordevices subject to notification or verification.

(c) For swept frequency equipment, measurements shallbe made with the frequency sweep stopped at those fre-quencies chosen for the measurements to be reported.

(d) Field strength measurements shall be made, to theextent possible, on an open field site. Test sites other thanopen field sites may be employed if they are properlycalibrated so that the measurement results correspond towhat would be obtained from an open field site. In thecase of equipment for which measurements can be per-formed only at the installation site, such as perimeterprotection systems, carrier current systems, and systemsemploying a "leaky" coaxial cable as an antenna, mea-surements for verification or for obtaining a grant ofequipment authorization shall be performed at a mini-mum of three installations that can be demonstrated to berepresentative of typical installation sites.

(1) FCC/OET MP-I:

(2) FCC/OET MP-2:

(3) FCCIOET MP-3:

(4) FCC/OET MP-4:

(5) FCC/OET MP-9:

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(e) For intentional radiators, measurements of the vari-ation of the input power or the radiated signal level of thefundamental frequency component of the emission, asappropriate, shall be performed with the supply voltagevaried between 85% and 115% of the nominal ratedsupply voltage. For battery operated equipment, theequipment tests shall be performed using a new battery.

(f) To the extent practicable, the device under test shallbe measured at the distance specified in the appropriaterule section. The distance specified corresponds to thehorizontal distance between the measurement antennaand the closest point of the equipment under test, supportequipment or interconnecting cables as determined by theboundary defined by an imaginary straight line peripherydescribing a simple geometric configuration enclosing thesystem containing the equipment under test. The equip-ment under test, support equipment and any interconnec-ting cables shall be included within this boundary.

(1) At frequencies equal to or above 30 MHz,measurements may be performed at a distance closer thanthat specified provided this does not result in measure-ments taken in the near field. When performing measure-ments at a closer distance than specified, the results shallbe extrapolated to the specified distance using an inverselinear distance extrapolation factor (20 dB/decade). Mea-surement at a distance greater than specified is notpermitted unless the responsible party can demonstratethat measurements at the specified distance are imprac-tical because of the size of the equipment, the location ofthe equipment, or other factors, or unless the responsibleparty can demonstrate that such a measurement wouldtake place in the near field, as could occur when per-forming measurements on some large digital devices andperimeter protection systems. Measurements shall not beperformed at a distance greater than 30 meters unless itcan be demonstrated that measurement at a distance of 30meters or less is. impracticable and, further, that the signallevel needed to be determined at the distance employedcan be detected by the measuring equipment. When per-forming measurements at a distance greater than thatspecified, the results shalt be interpolated to the specifieddistance using an inverse linear distance interpolationfactor (20 d13/decade).

(2) At frequencies below 30 MHz, measurements maybe performed at a distance closer than that specified inthe regulations; however, an attempt should be made toavoid making measurements in the near field. Pendingthe development of an appropriate measurement proce-dure for measurements performed below 30 MHz, whenperforming measurements at a closer distance than speci-fied, the results shall be extrapolated to the specifieddistance by either making measurements at a minimum oftwo distances on at least one radial to determine theproper extrapolation factor or by using the square of aninverse

linear distance extrapolation

factor (40dB/decade).

(3) The applicant for a grant of certification shall speci-fy the interpolation or extrapolation method used in theapplication filed with the Commission. For equipmentsubject to notification or verification, this informationshall be retained with the measurement data.

(4) When measurement distances of 30 meters or lessare specified in the regulations, the Commission will testthe equipment at the distance specified unless measure-ment at that distance results in measurements being per-formed in the near field. When measurement distances of

4 FCC Rcd No. 9

greater than 30 meters are specified in the regulations, theCommission will test the equipment at a closer distance,usually 30 meters, extrapolating the measured fieldstrength to the specified distance using the methodsshown in thisSection.

(5) Measurements shall be performed at a sufficientnumber of radials around the equipment under test todetermine the radial at which the field strength values ofthe radiated emissions are maximized. The maximum fieldstrength at the frequency being measured shall be re-ported in an application for certification.

(g) Equipment under test shall be adjusted, using thosecontrols that are readily accessible to or are intended tobe accessible to the consumer, in such a manner as tomaximize the level of the emissions. For those devices towhich wire leads may be attached by the consumer, testsshall be performed with wire leads attached. The wireleads shall be of the length to be used with the equipmentif that length is known. Otherwise, wire leads one meterin length shall be attached to the equipment. Longer wireleads may be employed if necessary to interconnect toassociated peripherals.

(h) For a composite system that incorporates devicescontained either in a single enclosure or in separate en-closures connected by wire or cable, testing for compli-ance with the standards in this Part shall be performedwith all of the devices in the system functioning. If anintentional radiator incorporates more than one antennaor other radiating source and these radiating sources aredesigned to emit at the same time, measurements of con-ducted and radiated emissions shall be performed with allradiating sources that are to be employed emitting.

(i) If the device under test provides for the connectionof external accessories, including external electrical inputsignals, the device shall be tested with the accessoriesattached. The device under test shall be fully exercisedwith these external accessories. The emission tests shall beperformed with the device and accessories configured in amanner that tends to produce maximized emissions with-in the range of variations that can be expected undernormal operating conditions. In the case of multiple accessory external ports, an external accessory shall be con-nected to one of each type of port. Only one test usingperipherals or external accessories that are representativeof the devices that will be employed with the equipmentunder test is required. All possible equipment combina-tions do not need to be tested. The accessories or periph-erals connected to the device being, tested shall beunmodified, commercially available equipment.

(j) If the equipment under test consists of a centralcontrol unit and an external or internal accessory(ies)(peripheral) and the party verifying the equipment orapplying for a grant of equipment authorization manufac-tures or assembles the central control unit and at leastone of the accessory devices that can be used with thatcontrol unit, testing of the control unit andlor the acces-sory(ies) must be performed using the devices manufac-tured or assembled by that party, in addition to any otherneeded devices which the party does not manufacture orassemble. If the party verifying the equipment or applyingfor a grant of equipment authorization does not manufac-ture or assemble the central control unit and at least oneof the accessory devices that can be used with that controlunit or the party can demonstrate that the central controlunit or accessory(ies) normally would be marketed or

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used with equipment from a different entity, testing of thecentral control unit andlor the accessory(ies) must beperformed using the specific combination of equipmentwhich is intended to be marketed or used together. Onlyone test using peripherals or accessories that are repre-sentative of the devices that will be employed with theequipment under test is required. All possible equipmentcombinations are not required to be tested. The acces-sories or peripherals connected to the device being testedshall be unmodified, commercially available equipment.

(k) A composite system is a system that incorporatesdifferent devices contained either in a single enclosure orin separate enclosures connected by wire or cable. If theindividual devices in a composite system are subject todifferent technical standards, each such device must com-ply with its specific standards. In no event may the mea-sured emissions of the composite system exceed thehighest level permitted for an individual component. Fordigital devices which consist of a combination of Class Aand Class B devices, the total combination of which re-suits in a Class A digital device, it is only necessary todemonstrate that the equipment combination complieswith the limits for a Class A device. This equipmentcombination may not be employed for obtaining a grantof equipment authorization or verifying a Class B digitaldevice. However, if the digital device combination consistsof a Class B central control unit, e.g., a personal com-puter, and a Class A internal peripheral(s), it must bedemonstrated that the Class B central control unit contin-ues to comply with the limits for a Class B digital devicewith the Class A internal peripheral(s) installed but notactive.

(1) Measurements of radio frequency emissions con-ducted to the public utility power lines shall be per-formed using a 50 ohm/SO uH line-impedancestabilization network (LISN). Note: Receivers tested underthe transition provisions contained in Section 15.37 maybe tested with a 50 ohm/S uI-I LTSN.

(m) Measurements on intentional radiators or receivers,other than TV broadcast receivers, shall be performedand, if required, reported for each band in which thedevice can be operated with the device operating at thenumber of frequencies in each band specified in thefollowing table:

Frequency range over Number of

Location in the rangewhich device operates frequencies

of operation

1 MHz or less

I

MiddleI to 10 MHz

2

1 near top and 1 nearbottom

More than 10 MHz 3 I near top. I near mid-dle andI near bottom

(n) Measurements on TV broadcast receivers shall beperformed with the receiver tuned to each VHF frequencyand also shall include the following oscillator frequencies:520, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900 and 931 MHz.If measurements cannot be made on one or more of thelatter UHF frequencies because of the presence of signalsfrom licensed radio stations or for other reasons to bedetailed in the measurement report, measurements shallbe made with the receiver oscillator at a nearby fre-quency. If the receiver is not capable of receiving chan-nels above 806 MHz, the measurements employing theoscillator frequencies 900 and 931 MHz may be omitted.

FCC 89-103

(o) The amplitude of spurious emissions from inten-tional radiators and emissions from unintentional radia-tors which are attenuated more than 20 dB below thepermissible value need not be reported unless specificallyrequired elsewhere in this Part.

Section 15.33 Frequency range of radiated measurements.(a) For an intentional radiator, the spectrum shall be

investigated from the lowest radio frequency. signal gen-erated in the device, without going below 9 kHz, up to atleast the tenth harmonic of the highest fundamental fre-quency or to 40 GHz, whichever is lower. If the inten-tional radiator contains a digital device, regardless ofwhether this digital device controls the functions of theintentional radiator or the digital device is used for addi-tional control or function purposes other than to enablethe operation of the intentional radiator, the frequencyrange shall be investigated up to the higher of the tenthharmonic of the highest fundamental frequency designedto be emitted by the intentional radiator or the upperfrequency of the measurement range applicable to thedigital device, as shown in paragraph (b)(1) of this Sec-tion.

(b) For unintentional radiators:(1) Except as otherwise indicated in paragraphs (b)(2)

or (b)(3), for an unintentional radiator, including a digitaldevice, the spectrum shall be investigated from the lowestradio frequency signal generated or used in the device,without going below the lowest frequency for which aradiated emission limit is specified, up to the frequencyshown in the following table:

Highest frequency

Upper frequency ofgenerated or used

measurementin the device or on which the

range (MHz)device operates or tunes (MHZ)

Below 1.705

301.705 - 108

WOO[08 - 500

2000500 - 1000

5000Above 1000 5th harmonic of the highest

frequency or 40 GHz, which-everis lower

(2) A unintentional radiator, excluding a digital device,in which the highest frequency generated in the device,the highest frequency used in the device and the highestfrequency on which the device operates or tunes are lessthan 30 MHz and which, in accordance with Section15.109, is required to comply with standards on the levelof radiated emissions within the frequency range 9 kl-fz to30 MHz, such as a CB receiver or a device designed toconduct its radio frequency emissions via connectingwires or cables, e.g., a carrier current system not intendedto radiate, shall be investigated from the lowest radiofrequency generated or used in the device, without goingbelow 9 kHz (25 MHz for CB receivers), up to the fre-quency shown in the following table. If the unintentionalradiator contains a digital device, the upper frequency tobe investigated shall be that shown in the table below orin the table in paragraph (b)(1) above, as based on boththe highest frequency generated and the highest frequecyused in the digital device, whichever range is higher.

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Highest frequency

Upper frequency ofgenerated or used

measurementin the device or on which the

range (MHz)device operates or tunes (MHz)

Below 1.705

301.705 - 10

40010-30

500

(3) Except for a CB receiver, a receiver employingsuperheterodyne techniques shall be investigated from 30MHz up to at least the second harmonic of the highestlocal oscillator frequency generated in the device. If suchreceiver is controlled by a digital device, the frequencyrange shall be investigated up to the higher of the secondharmonic of the highest local oscillator frequency gen-erated in the device or the upper frequency of the mea-surement range specified for the digital device inparagraph (b)(l) of this Section.

(c) The above specified frequency ranges of measure-ments apply to the measurement of radiated emissionsand, in the case of receivers, the measurement to dem-onstrate compliance with the antenna conduction limitsspecified in Section 15.111. The frequency range of mea-surements for AC power line conducted limits is specifiedin Sections 15.107 and 15.207 and applies to all equip-ment subject to those regulations. In some cases, depend-ing on the frequency(ies) generated and used by theequipment, only signals conducted Onto the AC powerlines are required to be measured.

(d) Particular attention should be paid to harmonicsand subharmonics of the fundamental frequency as wellas to those frequencies removed from the fundamental bymultiples of the oscillator frequency. Radiation at thefrequencies of multiplier stages should also be checked.

Section 15.35 Emission limits.The conducted and radiated emission limits shown in

this Part are based on the following, unless otherwisespecified elsewhere in this Part:

(a) On any frequency or frequencies below or equal to1000 MI-Iz, the limits shown are based on measuringequipment employing a CISPR quasi-peak detector func-tion and related measurement bandwidths, unless other-wise specified. The specifications for the measuringinstrument using the CISPR quasi-peak detector can befound in Publication 16 of the International Special Com-mittee on Radio Interference (CISPR) of the InternationalElectro technical Commission. As an alternative to CISPRquasi-peak measurements, the responsible party, at. its op-tion, may demonstrate compliance with the emission lim-its using measuring equipment employing a peak detectorfunction, properly adjusted for such factors as pulse de-sensitization, as long as the same bandwidths as indicatedfor CISPR quasi-peak measurements are employed.

Note: For pulse modulated devices with a pulse-repeti-tion frequency of 20 Hz or less and for which CISPRquasi-peak measurements are specified, compliance withthe regulations shall be demonstrated using measuringequipment employing a peak detector function, properlyadjusted for such factors as pulse desensitization, using thesame measurement bandwidths that are indicated forCISPR quasi-peak measurements.

(b) On any frequency or frequencies above 1000 MHz,the radiated limits shown are based on the use of mea-surement instrumentation employing an average detector

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function. When average radiated emission measurementsare specified in the regulations, including emission mea-surements below 1000 MHz, there is also a limit on theradio frequency emissions, as measured using instrumen-tation with a peak detector function, corresponding to 20dB above the maximum permitted average limit for thefrequency being investigated. Measurements of AC powerline conducted emissions are performed using a CISPRquasi-peak detector, even for devices for which averageradiated emission measurements are specified.

(c) When the radiated emission limits are expressed interms of the average value of the emission, and pulsedoperation is employed, the measured field strength shallbe determined by averaging over one complete pulsetrain, including blanking intervals, as long as the pulsetrain does not exceed 0.1 seconds. As an alternative (pro-vided the transmitter operates for longer than 0.1 seconds)or in those cases where the pulse train exceeds 0.1 sec-onds, the measured field strength shall be determinedfrom the average absolute voltage during a 0.1 secondinterval during which the field strength is at its maximumvalue. The exact method of calculating the average fieldstrength shall be submitted with any application for cer-tification or shall be retained in the measurement data filefor equipment subject to notification or verification.

Section 15.31 Transition provisions for compliance withthe rules.

Equipment may be authorized, manufactured and im-ported under the rules in effect prior to (insert date 60days after date of publication in the Federal Register) inaccordance with the following schedules:

(a) For all intentional and unintentional radiators, exceptfor receivers: Radio frequency equipment verified by theresponsible party or for which an application for a grantof equipment authorization is submitted to the Commis-sion on or after (insert date 3 years after effective date ofthe R&O) shall comply with the regulations specified inthis Part. Radio frequency equipment that is manufac-tured or imported on or after (insert date 5 years aftereffective date of the R&O) shall comply with the regula-tions specified in this Part.

(b) For receivers: Except as shown in paragraph (b)(2),receivers subject to the regulations in this Part that aremanufactured or imported on or after (insert date 10years after effective date of the R&O) shall comply withthe regulations specified in this Part. However, if a re-ceiver is associated with a transmitter that could not havebeen authorized under the regulations in effect prior to(insert date 60 days after date of publication in the Fed-eral Register), e.g., a transmitter operating under the pro-visions of Sections 15.209 or 15.249 (below 960 MHz), thetransition provisions in this Section do not apply. Suchreceivers must comply with the regulations in this Part.

(c) There are no restrictions on the operation or mar-keting of equipment complying with the regulations ineffect prior to (insert date 60 days after date of publicationin the Federal Register).

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Subpart B - tininientional Radiators

Section 15.101 Equipment authorization of unintentionalradiators.

(a) Except as otherwise exempted in Sections 15.23,15.103, and 15.113, unintentional radiators shall be au-thorized by the Commission or verified prior to the initi-ation of marketing, as follows:

Type of Device

Equipment AuthorizationRequired *

TV broadcast receiver

VerificationFM broadcast receiver

VerificationCR receiver

CertificationSuperregenerative receiver

CertificationScanning receiver

CertificationAll other receivers subject to

NotificationPart 15TV interface device

CertificationCable system terminal device

NotificationStand-alone cable input selec-

Verificationtor switchClass B personal computers &

CertificationperipheralsOther Class 8 digital devices & VerificationperipheralsClass A digital devices & pe-

VerificationripheralsExternal switching power sup- VerificationpliesAll other devices

Verification

* See additional provisions in this Section and in Section15.103 of this Part.

(b) Only those receivers that operate (tune) within thefrequency range of 30-960 MHz and CB receivers aresubject to the authorizations shown in paragraph (a).However, receivers indicated as being subject to notifica-tion that are contained within a transceiver, the transmit-ter portion of which is subject to type acceptance,certification or notification, shall be authorized under theverification procedure. Receivers operating above 960MHz or below 30 MHz, except for CR receivers, areexempt. from complying with the technical provisions ofthis Part but are subject to Section 15.5.

(c) Personal computer mother boards (the circuit boardperforming the central processing) that are marketed as-sembled with an enclosure and a power supply must becertificated with that enclosure and power supply.

(d) Peripheral devices, as defined in Section 15.3(r),shall be certified or verified, as appropriate, prior tomarketing. However, if a peripheral always will bemarketed with a specific personal computer, it is notnecessary to obtain a separate grant of certification forthat peripheral, provided the specific combination of per-sonal computer and peripheral has received a grant ofcertification.

(e) Subassemblies to digital devices are not subject tothe technical standards in this Part unless they aremarketed as part of a system in which case the resultingsystem must comply with the applicable regulations.Subassemblies include: those devices that are enclosedsolely within the enclosure housing the digital device andare not included in the definition of peripherals in Sec-tion 15.3(r), such as internal disc drives and memoryexpansion units; digital devices marketed to another man-ufacturer to be incorporated into a final product; circuit

boards containing the central processing unit that aremarketed without an enclosure or power supply; and,switching power supplies that are separately marketed andare solely for use internal to a digital device.

(t) The procedures for obtaining a grant of certificationor notification and for verification are contained inSubpart J of Part 2 of this Chapter.

Section 15.103 Exempted devices.The following devices are subject only to the general

conditions of operation in Sections 15.5 and 15.29 and areexempt from the specific technical standards and otherrequirements contained in this Part. The operator of theexempted device shall be required to stop operating thedevice upon a finding by the Commission or its repre-sentative that the device is causing harmful interference.Operation shall not resume until the condition causingthe harmful interference has been corrected. Althoughnot mandatory, it is strongly recommended that the man-ufacturer of an exempted device endeavor to have thedevice meet the specific technical standards in this Part.

(a) A digital device utilized exclusively in any trans-portation vehicle including motor vehicles and aircraft.

(b) A digital device used exclusively as an electroniccontrol or power system utilized by a public utility or inan industrial plant. The term public utilily includesequipment only to the extent that it is in a dedicatedbuilding or large room owned or leased by the utility anddoes not extend to equipment installed in a subscriber'sfacility.

(c) A digital device used exclusively as industrial, com-mercial, or medical test equipment.

(d) A digital device utilized exclusively in an appliance,e.g., microwave oven, dishwasher, clothes dryer, air con-ditioner (central or window), etc.

(e) Specialized medical digital devices (generally used atthe direction of or under the supervision of a licensedhealth care practitioner) whether used in a patient's homeor a health care facility. Non-specialized medical devices,i.e., devices marketed through retail channels for use bythe general public, are not exempted. This exemption alsodoes not apply to digital devices used for record keepingor any purpose not directly connected with medical treat-ment.

(f) Digital devices that have a power consumption notexceeding 6 nW.

(g) Joystick controllers or similar devices, such as amouse, used with digital devices but which contain onlynon-digital circuitry or a simple circuit to convert thesignal to the format required (e.g., an integrated circuitfor analog to digital conversion) are viewed as passiveadd-on devices, not themselves directly subject to the tech-nical standards or the equipment authorization require-ments.

(h) Digital devices in which both the highest frequencygenerated and the highest frequency used are less than1.705 MHz and which do not operate from the AC powerlines or contain provisions for operation while connectedto the AC power lines, Digital devices that include, ormake provision for the use of, battery eliminators, ACadaptors or battery chargers which permit operation whilecharging or that connect to the AC power lines indirectly,obtaining their power through another device which isconnected to the AC power lines, do not fall under thisexemption.

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(i) Responsible parties should note that equipment con-taining more than one device is not exempt from thetechnical standards in this Part unless all of the devices inthe equipment meet the criteria for exemption. If onlyone of the included devices qualifies for exemption, theremainder of the equipment must comply with any ap-plicable regulations. If a device performs more than onefunction and all of those functions do not meet the cri-teria for exemption, the device does not qualify for inclu-sion under the exemptions.

Section 15.105 Information to the user.

(a) For a Class A digital device or peripheral, theinstructions furnished the user shall include the followingor similar statement, placed in a prominent location inthe text of the manual:

NOTE: This equipment has been tested and foundto comply with the limits for a Class A digitaldevice, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Theselimits are designed to provide reasonable protectionagainst harmful interference when the equipment isoperated in a commercial environment. This equip-ment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequen-cy energy and, if not installed and used inaccordance with the instruction manual, may causeharmful interference to radio communications. Op-eration of this equipment in a residential area islikely to cause harmful interference in which casethe user will be required to correct the interferenceat his own expense.

(b) For a Class B digital device or peripheral, theinstructions furnished the user shall include the followingor similar statement, placed in a prominent location inthe text of the manual:

NOTE: This equipment has been tested and foundto comply with the limits for a Class B digitaldevice, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Theselimits are designed to provide reasonable protectionagainst harmful interference in a residential installa-tion. This equipment generates, uses and can radiateradio frequency energy and, if not, installed andused in accordance with the instructions, may causeharmful interference to radio communications.However, there is no guarantee that interferencewill not occur in a particular installation. If thisequipment does cause harmful interference to radioor television reception, which can be determined byturning the equipment off and on, the user is en-couraged to try to correct the interference by one ormore of the following measures:

-- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

-- Increase the separation between the equipmentand receiver.

-- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuitdifferent from that to which the receiver is con-nected.

-- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TVtechnician for help.

(c) The provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) do notapply to digital devices exempted from the technical stan-dards under the provisions of Section 15.103.

(d) For systems incorporating several digital devices, thestatement shown in paragraph (a) or (b) needs to becontained only in the instruction manual for the maincontrol unit.

Section 15.107 Conducted limits.(a) Except for Class A digital devices, for equipment

that is designed to be connected to the public utility (AC)power line, the radio frequency voltage that is conductedback onto the AC power line on any frequency or fre-quencies within the band 450 kHz to 30 MHz shall notexceed 250 microvolts. Compliance with this provisionshall be based on the measurement of the radio frequencyvoltage between each power line and ground at the powerterminals.

(b) For a Class A digital device that is designed to beconnected to the public utility (AC) power line, the radiofrequency voltage that is conducted back onto the ACpower line on any frequency or frequencies within theband 450 kHz to 30 MHz shall not exceed the limits inthe following table. Compliance with this provision shallbe based on the measurement of the radio frequencyvoltage between each power line and ground at the powerterminals. The lower limit applies at the band edges.

Frequency of Emission

Conducted Limit(Ml-Iz)

(microvolts)

0.45 - 1.705

10001.705- 30.0

3000

(c) For carrier currertt systems used as unintentionalradiators whose emissions are contained within the fre-quency range 450 kHz to 30 MHz, the provisions of thisSection shall not apply. Such systems are subject to radi-ated emission limits as provided in Section 15.109(e).

(d) Measurements to demonstrate compliance with theconducted limits are not required for devices which onlyemploy battery power for operation and which do notoperate from the AC power lines or contain provisionsfor operation while connected to the AC power lines.Devices that include, or make provision for, the use ofbattery chargers which permit operating while charging,AC adaptors or battery eliminators or that connect to theAC power lines indirectly, obtaining their power through

• another device which is connected to the AC power lines,shall be tested to demonstrate compliance with the con-ducted limits.

Section 15.109 Radiated emission limits.(a) Except for Class A digital devices, the field strength

of radiated emissions from unintentional radiators at adistance of 3 meters shall not exceed the following values:

Frequency of Emission

Field Strength(MHz)

(inicrovolts/meter)

30-88

10088 - 216

150216-960

200Above 960

500

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(b) The field strength of radiated emissions from a ClassA digital device, as determined at a distance of 10 meters,shall not exceed the following:

Frequency of Emission

Field Strength(MHz)

(microvolts/meter)

30-88

9088-216

150216 - 960

210Above 960

300

(c) In the emission tables above, the tighter limit ap-plies at the band edges. Sections 15.33 and 15.35 whichspecify the frequency range over which radiated emissionsare to be measured and the detector functions and othermeasurement standards apply.

(d) For CB receivers, the field strength of radiatedemissions within the frequency range of 25 - 30 MHzshall not exceed 40 microvolts/meter at a distance of 3meters. The field strength of radiated emissions above 30MHz from such devices shall comply with the limits inparagraph (a).

(e) Carrier current systems used as unintentional radia-tors or other unintentional radiators that are designed toconduct their radio frequency emissions via connectingwires or cables and that operate in the frequency range of9 kHz to 30 MHz, including devices that deliver the radiofrequency energy to transducers, such as ultrasonic de-vices not covered under Part 18 of this Chapter, shallcomply with the radiated emission limits for intentionalradiators provided in Section 15.209 for the frequencyrange of 9 kHz to 30 MHz. At frequencies above 30 MHz,the provisions of paragraph (a) of this Section apply.

(t) For a receiver which employs terminals for theconnection of an external receiving antenna, the receivershall be tested to demonstrate compliance with the provi-sions of this Section with an antenna connected to theantenna terminals unless the antenna conducted power ismeasured as specified in Section 15.111(a). TI a perma-nently attached receiving antenna is used, the receivershall be tested to demonstrate compliance with the provi-sions of this Section.

Section 15,111 Antenna power conduction limitr for re-ceivers.

(a) In addition to the radiated emission limits, receiversthat operate (tune) in the frequency range 30 to 960 MHzand CB receivers that provide terminals for the connec-tion of an external receiving antenna may be tested todemonstrate compliance with the provisions of Section15.109 with the antenna terminals shielded and termi-nated with a resistive termination equal to the impedancespecified for the antenna, provided these receivers alsocomply with the following: with the receiver antennaterminal connected to a resistive termination equal to theimpedance specified or employed for the antenna, thepower at the antenna terminal at any frequency withinthe range of measurements specified in Section 15.33 shallnot exceed 2.0 nanowatts.

(b) CB receivers and receivers that operate (tune) in thefrequency range 30. to 960 MHz that are provided onlywith a permanently attached antenna shall comply withthe radiated emission limitations in this Part, as measuredwith the antenna attached.

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Section 15.113 Power line carrier systems.Power line carrier systems, as defined in Section 15.3(t),

are subject only to the following requirements:(a) A power utility operating a power line carrier sys-

tem shall submit the details of all existing systems plusany proposed new systems or changes to existing systemsto an industry-operated entity as set forth in Section90.63(g) of this Chapter. No notification to the FCC isrequired.

(b) The operating parameters of a power line carriersystem (particularly the frequency) shall be selected toachieve the highest practical degree of compatibility withauthorized or licensed users of the radio spectrum. Thesignals from this operation shall be contained within thefrequency band 9 kHz to 490 kHz. A power line carriersystem shall operate on an unprotected, non-interferencebasis in accordance with Section 15.5 of this Part. Ifharmful interference occurs, the electric power utilityshall discontinue use or adjust its power line carrieroperation, as required, to remedy the interference. Par-ticular attention should be paid to the possibility of inter-ference to Loran C operations at 1.00 kHz.

(c) Power line carrier system apparatus shall beoperated with the minimum power possible to accomplishthe desired purpose. No equipment authorization is re-quired.

(d) The best engineering principles shall be used in thegeneration of radio frequency currents by power linecarrier systems to guard against harmful interference toauthorized radio users, particularly on the fundamentaland harmonic frequencies.

(e) Power line carrier system apparatus shall conformto such engineering standards as may be promulgated bythe Commission. In addition, such systems should adhereto industry approved standards designed to enhance theuse of power line carrier systems.

(f) These provisions for power line carrier systems ap-piy only to systems operated by a power utility for generalsupervision of the power system and do not permit opera-tion on electric lines which connect the distribution sub-station to the customer or house wiring.

Section 15,115 TV interface devices, including cablesystem terminal devices.

(a) Measurements of the radiated emissions of a TVinterface device shall be conducted with the output termi-nal(s) of the device terminated by a resistance equal to therated output impedance. The emanations of a TV inter-face device incorporating an intentional radiator shall notexceed the limits in Section 15.109 or Subpart C of thisPart, whichever is higher for each frequency. Where it ispossible to determine which portion of the device is con-tributing a particular radio frequency emission, the emis-sioñs from the TV interface device portion shall complywith the emission limits in Section 15.109, and the emis-sions from the intentional radiator shall comply withSubpart C of this Part.

(b) Output signal limits:(1) At any RF output terminal, the maximum measured

RMS voltage, in microvolts, corresponding to the peakenvelope power of the modulated signal during maximumamplitude peaks across a resistance (R in ohms) matchingthe rated output impedance of the TV interface device,shall not exceed the following:

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(i) For a cable system terminal device or a TVinterface device used with a master antenna, 692.8times the square root of (R) for the video signal and155 times the square root of (R) for the audiosignal.(ii) For all other TV interface devices, 346.4 timesthe square root of (R) for the video signal and 77.5times the square root of (R) for the audio signal.

(2) At any RF output terminal, the maximum measuredRMS voltage, in inicrovolts, corresponding to the peakenvelope power of the modulated signal during maximumamplitude peaks across a resistance (R in ohms) matchingthe rated output impedance of the TV interface device, ofany emission appearing on frequencies removed by morethan 4.6 MHz below or 7.4 MHz above the video carrierfrequency on which the TV interface device is operatedshall not exceed the following:

(i) For a cable system terminal device or a TVinterface device used with a master antenna, 692.8times the square root of (R).

(ii) For all other TV interface devices, 10.95 timesthe square root of (R).

(3) The term "master antenna" used in this paragraphrefers to TV interface devices employed for central dis-tribution within large buildings such as apartments, hos-pitals, office buildings, etc.

(c) A TV interface device shall be equipped with atransfer switch for connecting the antenna terminals of areceiver selectively either to the receiving antenna or tothe radio frequency output of the TV interface device,subject to the following:

(1) When measured in any of its set positions, transferswitches shall comply with the following requirements:

(i) For a cable system terminal device or a TV interfacedevice equipped for use with a cable system or a masterantenna, as defined in paragraph (b)(3), the isolation be-tween the antenna and cable input terminals shall be atleast 80 dB from 54 to 216 MHz and at least 60 dB from216 to 550 MHz. The 80 dB limit applies at 216 MHz. Inthe case of a transfer switch requiring a power source, therequired isolation shall be maintained in the event thedevice is not connected to a power source or power isinterrupted.

(ii) For all other TV interface devices, the maximumvoltage, corresponding to the peak envelope power of themodulated video signal during maximum amplitudepeaks, in microvolts, appearing at the receiving antennainput terminals when terminated with a resistance (R inohms) matching the rated impedance of the antenna in-put of the switch, shall not exceed 0.346 times the squareroot of (R).

(iii) Measurement to determine compliance with thetransfer switch limits shall be made using a connectingcable, where required, between the TV interface deviceand the transfer switch of the type and length 1) providedwith the TV interface device, 2) recommended in theinstruction manual, or 3) normally employed by the con-sumer.

(2) A TV interface device shall be designed and con-structed, to the extent practicable, so as to preclude thepossibility that the consumer may inadvertently attach theoutput of the device to the receiving antenna, if any,without first going through the transfer switch.

(3) A transfer switch is not required for a TV interfacedevice that, when connected, results in the user no longerhaving any need to receive standard over-the-air broadcastsignals via a separate antenna. A transfer switch is notrequired to be marketed with a cable system terminaldevice unless that device provides for the connection ofan external antenna. A transfer switch is not required fora device that is intended to be used as an accessory to anauthorized TV interface device.

(4) An actual transfer switch is not required for a TVinterface device, including a cable system terminal device,that has an antenna input terminal(s); provided, the cir-cuitry following the antenna input terminal(s) has suffi-cient bandwidth to allow the reception of all TV broadcastchannels authorized under Part 73 of this Chapter and:for a cable system terminal device that can alternate be-tween the reception of cable television service and anantenna, compliance with the isolation requirement speci-fied in paragraph (c)(1)(i) can be demonstrated; and, forall other TV interface devices, the maximum voltage ap-pearing at the antenna terminal(s) does not exceed thelimit in paragraph (c)(1)(ii).

(5) If a transfer switch is not required, the followinglabel shall be used in addition to the label shown inSection 15.19(a):

This device is intended to be attached to a receiverthat is not used to receive over-the-air broadcastsignals. Connection of this device in any other fash-ion may cause harmful interference to radio com-munications and is in violation of the FCC Rules,Part 15.

(d) A TV interface device, including a cable systemterminal device, shall incorporate circuitry to automati-cally prevent emanations from the device from exceedingthe technical specifications in this Part. These circuitsshall be adequate to accomplish their functions when theTV interface device is presented, if applicable, with videoinput signal levels in the range of one to five volts; thisrequirement is not applicable to a TV interface devicethat uses a built-in signal source and has no provisions forthe connection of an external signal source. For devicesthat contain provisions for an external signal source butdo not contain provisions for the input of an externalbaseband signal, e.g., some cable system terminal devices,compliance with the provisions of this paragraph shall bedemonstrated with a radio frequency input signal of 0 to25 dBm.V.

(e) For cable system terminal devices and TV interfacedevices used with a master antenna, as defined in para-graph (b)(3), the holder of the grant of authorization shallspecify in the instruction manual or pamphlet, if a man-ual is not provided, the types of wires or coaxial cablesnecessary to ensure that the unit complies with the re-quirements of this Part. The holder of the grant of au-thorization must comply with the provisions of Section15.27. For all other TV interface devices, the wires orcoaxial cables used to couple the output signals to the TVreceiver shall be provided by the responsible party.

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(f) A TV interface device which is submitted to theCommission as a composite device in a single enclosurecontaining a RF modulator, vtcleo source and other com-ponent devices shall be submitted on a single application(FCC Form 731) and shall be authorized as a singledevice.

(g) An external device or accessory that is intended tobe attached to a TV interface device shall comply with thetechnical and administrative requirements set Out in therules under which it operates. For example, a personalcomputer must be certificated to show compliance withthe regulations for digital devices.

Section 15.117 TV broadcast receivers.(a) All TV broadcast receivers shipped in interstate

commerce or imported from any foreign country into theUnited States for sale or resale to the public, shall complywith the provisions of this Section. The reference in thisSection to TV broadcast receivers also includes devices,such as TV interface devices, that incorporate the tunerportion of a TV broadcast receiver and that are equippedwith an antenna or antenna terminals that can be used forthe off-the-air reception of TV broadcast signals, as au-thorized under Part 73 of this Chapter.

(b) TV broadcast receivers shall be capable of ade-quately receiving all channels allocated by theCommission to the television broadcast service.

(c) On a given receiver, use of the UHF and VHFtuning systems shall provide approximately the same de-gree of tuning accuracy with approximately the sameexpenditure of time and effort: Pro Wded, however, thatthis requirement will be considered to be met if the needfor routine fine tuning is eliminated on UHF channels.

(1) Basic tuning mechanLsm. If a TV broadcast receiver isequipped to provide for repeated access to VHF televisionchannels at discrete tuning positions, that receiver shall beequipped to provide for repeated access to a minimum ofsix UHF television channels at discrete tuning positions.Unless a discrete tuning position is provided for eachchannel allocated to UHF television, each position shallbe readily adjustable to a particular UHF channel by theuser without the use of tools. If 12 or fewer discretetuning positions are provided, each position shall be ad-justable to receive any channel allocated to UHF televi-sion.

Note: The combination of detented rotary switch andpushbutton controls is acceptable, provided UHF chan-nels, after their initial selection, can be accurately tunedwith an expenditure of time and effort approximately thesame as that used in accurately tuning VHF channels. AUHF tuning system comprising five pushbuttons and aseparate manual tuning knob is considered to providerepeated access to six channels at discrete tuning posi-tions. A one-knob (VHF/UHF) tuning system providingrepeated access to 11 or more discrete tuning positions isalso acceptable, provided each of the tuning positions isreadily adjustable, without the use of tools, to receive anyUHF channel.

(2) Tuning controls and channel readout. UHF tuningcontrols and channel readout on a given receiver shall becomparable in size, location, accessibility and legibility toVHF controls and readout on that receiver.

Note: Differences between UHF and VHF channel,readout that follow directly from the larger number ofUHF television channels available are acceptable if it isclear that a good faith effort to comply with the provi-sions of this Section has been made.

(d) If equipment and controls that tend to simplify,expedite or perfect the reception of television signals (e.g., AFC, visual aids, remote control, or signal seekingcapability referred to generally as tuning aids) are incor-porated into the VHF portion of a TV broadcast receiver,tuning aids of the same type and comparable capabilityand quality shall be provided for the UHF portion of thatreceiver.

(e) If a television receiver has an antenna affixed to theVHF antenna terminals, it must have an antenna designedfor and capable of receiving all UHF television channelsaffixed to the UHF antenna terminals. If a VHF antennais provided with but not affixed to a receiver, a UHFantenna shall be provided with the receiver.

(I) The picture sensitivity of a TV broadcast receiveraveraged for all channels between 14 and 69 inclusiveshall not be more than 8 dB larger than the peak picturesensitivity of that receiver averaged for all channels be-tween 2 and 13 inclusive.

(g) The noise figure for any television channel 14 to 69inclusive shall not exceed 14 dB. A TV receiver model isconsidered to comply with this noise figure if the maxi-mum noise figure for channels 14-69 inclusive of 97.5%of all receivers within that model does not exceed 14 dB.

(1) The responsible party shall measure the noise figureof a number of UHF channels of the test sample to givereasonable assurance that the UHF noise figure for eachchannel complies with the above limit.

(2) The responsible party shall insert in his files astatement explaining the basis on which it will rely toensure that at least 97.5% of all production units of thetest sample that are manufactured have a noise figure ofno greater than 14 dB.

(3) Within one year after a specific TV receiver modelhas been verified for compliance, the responsible partyshall file a report with the Commission giving the actualUHF noise figure performance of Units of that modelactually measured during that year. The report, as analternative, may be filed by the party responsible for themarketing of that model TV broadcast receiver within thiscountry.

(4) In the case of a TV tuner built-in as part of a videotape recorder that ,uses a power splitter between the an-tenna terminals of the video tape recorder and the inputterminals of the TV tuner or a TV broadcast receiver thatuses a power splitter between the antenna terminals oftwo or more UHF tuners contained within that receiver, 4dB may be subtracted from the noise figure measured atthe antenna terminals of the video tape recorder or TVbroadcast receiver for determining compliance of theUHF tuner(s) with the 14 dB noise figure limit.

(h) For a TV broadcast receiver equipped with a cableinput selector switch, the selector switch shall provide inany of its set positions isolation between the antenna andcable input terminals of at least 80 dB from 54 to 216MHz, and of at least 60 dB from 216 to 550 MHz. At 216MHz, the 80 dB isolation standard applies. In the case ofa selector switch requiring a power source, the requiredisolation shall be maintained in the event the device isnot connected to a power source or power is interrupted.

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A physical cable input selector switch is not required fora TV broadcast receiver that can alternate between thereception of cable television service and an antenna, pro-vided compliance with the isolation requirement specifiedin this paragraph can be demonstrated and the circuitryfollowing the antenna input terminal(s) has sufficientbandwidth to allow the reception of all TV broadcastchannels authorized under this Chapter.

Subpart C - Intentional Radiators

Section 15.201 Equipment authorization requirement.(a) Intentional radiators operated as carrier current sys-

tems and devices operated under the provisions of Sec-tions 15.211, 15.213 and 15.221 shall be verified pursuantto the procedures in Subpart J of Part 2 of this Chapterprior to marketing.

(b) Except as otherwise exempted in paragraph (c) ofthis Section and in Section 1523 of this Part, all inten-tional radiators operating under the provisions of this Partshall be certificated by the Commission pursuant to theprocedures in Subpart I of Part 2 of this Chapter prior tomarketing.

(c) For devices such as perimeter protection systemswhich, in accordance with Section 15.31(d), are requiredto be measured at the installation site, each applicationfor certification must be accompanied by a statementindicating that the system has been tested at three installa-tions and found to comply at each installation. Until suchtime as certification is granted, a given installation of asystem that was measured for the submission for certifica-tion will be considered to be in compliance with theprovisions of this Chapter, including the marketing regu-lations in Subpart I of Part 2, if tests at that installationshow the system to be in compliance with the relevanttechnical requirements. Similarly, where measurementsmust be performed on site for equipment subject to ver-ification, a given installation that has been verified todemonstrate compliance with the applicable standards willbe considered to be in compliance with the provisions ofthis Chapter, including the marketing regulations inSubpart I of Part 2.

(d) For perimeter protection systems operating in thefrequency bands allocated to television broadcast stationsoperating under Part 73 of this Chapter, the holder of thegrant of certification must test each installation prior toinitiation of normal operation to verify compliance withthe technical standards and must maintain a list of allinstallations and records of measurements. For perimeterprotection systems operating outside of the frequencybands allocated to television broadcast stations, upon re-ceipt of a grant of certification, further testing of the sameor similar type of system or installation is not required.

Section 15.203 Antenna requirement.An intentional radiator shall be designed to ensure that

no antenna other than that furnished by the responsibleparty shall be used with the device. The use of a perma-nently attached antenna or of an antenna that uses aunique coupling to the intentional radiator shall be con-sidered sufficient to comply with the provisions of thisSection. The manufacturer may design the unit so that abroken antenna can be replaced by the user, but the useof a standard antenna jack or electrical connector is pro-hibited. This requirement does not apply to carrier cur-

rent devices or to devices operated under the provisionsof Sections 15.211, 15.213, 15.217, 15.219, 15.221, or15.247. Further, this requirement does not apply to inten-tional radiators that must be professionally installed, suchas perimeter protection systems and some field distur-bance sensors, or to other intentional radiators which, inaccordance with Section 15.3 1(d), must be measured atthe installation site. However, the installer shall be re-sponsible for ensuring that the proper antenna is em-ployed so that the limits in this Part are not exceeded.

Section 15.205 Restricted bands of operation.(a) Except as shown in paragraph (d), only spurious

emissions are permitted in any of the frequency bandslisted below:

vfHz

MHz

Mhz

GHz

0.090 - 0.110

162.0125 -

2310 - 2390

9.3 - 9.5167.17

0.49 - 0.51

167.72 - 173.2 2483.5 - 2500

10.6 - 12.72. 1735 - 2.1905 240 - 285

2655 - 2900

13.25 - 13.48.362 - 8.366

322 - 335.4

3260 - 3267

14.47 - 14.513.36 - 13.41

399.9 - 410

3332 - 3339

15.35 - 16.225.5 - 25.67

608 - 614

3345.8 - 3358

17.7 - 21.437.5 - 38.25

960 - 1240

3600 - 4400

22.01 - 23.1273 - 75.4

1300 - 1427

4500 5250

23.6 - 24.0108 - 121.94

1435 - 1626.5

5350 - 5460

31.2 - 31.8123 - 138

1660 - 1710

7250 - 7750

36.43 - 36.5149.9 - 150.05 1718,8 - 1722.2 8025 - 8500

Above 38.6156.7 - 156.9

2200 - 2300

9000 - 9200

(b) Except as provided in paragraph (d), the fieldstrength of emissions appearing within these frequencybands shall not exceed the limits shown in Section 15.209.At frequencies equal to or Tess than 1000 MHz, compli-ance with the limits in Section 15.209 shall be dem-onstrated using measurement instrumentation employinga CTSPR quasi-peak detector. Above 1000 MHz, compli-ance with the emission limits in Section 15.209 shall bedemonstrated based on the average value of the measuredemissions. The provisions in Section 15.35 apply to thesemeasurements.

(c) Except as provided in paragraph (d), regardless ofthe field strength Limits specified elsewhere in thisSubpart, the provisions of this Section apply to emissionsfrom any intentional radiator.

(d) The following devices are exempt from the require-ments of this Section:

-(1) Swept frequency field disturbance sensors operating

between 1.705 and 37 MHz provided their emissions onlysweep through the bands listed in paragraph (a), thesweep is never stopped with the fundamental emissionwithin the bands listed in paragraph (a), and the fun-damental emission is outside of the bands listed in para-graph (a) more than 99% of the time the device isactively transmitting, without compensation for duty cy-cle.

(2) Transmitters used to detect buried electronic mark-ers at 101.4 kHz which are employed by telephonecompanies.

(3) Cable locating equipment operated pursuant to Sec-tiOn 15.213.

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Section 15.207 Conducted limits.

(a) For an intentional radiator which is designed to beconnected to the public utility (AC) power line, the radiofrequency voltage that is conducted back onto the ACpower line on any frequency or frequencies within theband 450 kHz to 30 MHz shall not exceed 250 microvolts.Compliance with this provision shall be based on themeasurement of the radio frequency voltage between eachpower line and ground at the power terminals.

(b) The limit in paragraph (a) shall not apply to inten-tional radiators operated as carrier current systems in thefrequency range of 450 kHz to 30 MHz. Such systems aresubject to radiated emission limits as provided in Sections15.205 and 15.209.

(c) Measurements to demonstrate compliance with theconducted limits are not required for devices which onlyemploy battery power for operation and which do notoperate from the AC power lines or contain provisionsfor operation while connected to the AC power lines.Devices that include, or make provision for, the use ofbattery chargers which permit operating while charging,AC adaptors or battery eliminators or that connect to theAC power lines indirectly, obtaining their power throughanother device which is connected to the AC power lines,shall be tested to demonstrate compliance with the con-ducted limits.

Section 15.2 09 Radiated emission limits, general require-ments.

(a) Except as provided elsewhere in this Subpart, theemissions from an intentional radiator shall not exceedthe field strength levels specified in the following table:

Freqiency

Fe1d Strength

Measwement Dbtance(MHz)

Imicrovolts/meter)

(meters)

0.009 - 0.490

24001F(k}-tz)

3000.490 - 1.705

24000/F(kHz)

301.705 - 30.0

30

3030-88

100

358-216

150*

3216 - 960

200

3Above 960

500

3"t' Except as provided in paragraph (g), fundamental

emissions from intentional radiators operating under thisSection shall not be located in the frequency bands 54.72MHz, 76-88 MHz, 174-216 MHz or 470-806 MHz.

(b) In the emission table above, the tighter limit appliesat the band edges.

(c) The level of any unwanted emissions from an inten-tional radiator operating under these general provisionsshall not exceed the level of the fundamental emission.For intentional radiators which operate under the provi-sions of other Sections within this Part and which arerequired to reduce their unwanted emissions to the limitsspecified in this table, the limits in this table are based onthe frequency of the unwanted emission and not thefundamental frequency. However, the level of anyunwanted emissions shall not exceed the level of thefundamental frequency.

(d) The emission limits shown in the above table arebased on measurements employing a CISPR quasi-peakdetector except for the frequency bands 9-90 kHz, 110-490kHz and above 1000 MHz. Radiated emission limits inthese three bands are based on measurements employingan average detector.

(e) The provisions in Sections 15.31, 15.33, and 15.35for measuring emissions at distances other than the dis-tances specified in the above table, determining the fre-quency range over which radiated emissions are to bemeasured, and limiting peak emissions apply to all de-vices operated under this Part.

(1) In accordance with Section 15.33(a), in some casesthe emissions from an intentional radiator must be mea-sured to beyond the tenth harmonic of the highest fun-damental frequency designed to be emitted by theintentional radiator because of the incorporation of adigital device. If measurements above the tenth harmonicare so required, the radiated emissions above the tenthharmonic shall comply with the general radiated emissionlimits applicable to the incorporated digital device, asshown in Section 15.109 and as based on the frequency ofthe emission being measured, or, except for emissionscontained in the restricted frequency bands shown inSection 15.205, the limit on spurious emissions specifiedfor the intentional radiator, whichever is the higher limit.Emissions which must be measured above the tenth har-monic of the highest fundamental frequency designed tobe emitted by the intentional radiator and which fallwithin the restricted bands shall comply with the generalradiated emission limits in Section 15.109 that are ap-plicable to the incorporated digital device.

(g) Perimeter protection systems operating under theprovisions of this Section in the frequency bands allocatedto TV broadcast stations, as shown in Part 73 of thisChapter, shall contain their fundamental emissions withinthe frequency bands 54-72 MHz and 76-88 MHz. Further.the use of such perimeter protection systems is limited toindustrial, business and commercial applications.

Section 15.2 11 Tunnel radio systems.An intentional radiator utilized as part of a tunnel radio

system may operate on any frequency provided it meetsall of the following conditions:

(a) Operation of a tunnel radio system (intentionalradiator and all connecting wires) shall be contained sole-ly within a tunnel, mine or other structure that providesattenuation to the radiated signal due to the presence ofnaturally surrounding earth and/or water.

(b) Any intentional or unintentional radiator externalto the tunnel, mine or other structure, as described inparagraph (a), shall be subject to the other applicableregulations contained within this Part.

(c) The total electromagnetic field from a ti.tnnel radiosystem on any frequency or frequencies appearing outsideof the tunnel, mine or other structure described in para-graph (a) shall not exceed the limits shown in Section15.209 when measured at the specified distance from thesurrounding structure, including openings. Particular at-tention shall be paid to the emissions from any openingin the structure to the outside environment. When mea-surements are made from the openings, the distancesshown in Section 15.209 refer to the distance from theplane of reference which fits the entire perimeter of eachabove ground opening.

(d) The conducted limits in Section 15.207 apply to theradio frequency voltage on the public utility power linesoutside of the tunnel.

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Section 15.213 Cable locating equipment.An intentional radiator used as cable locating equip-

ment, as defined in Section 15.3(d), may be operated onany frequency within the band 9- 490 kHz, subject to thefollowing limits: within the frequency band 9 kkfz, up to,but not including, 45 kHz, the peak output power fromthe cable locating equipment shall not exceed 10 watts;and, within the frequency band 45 kHz to 490 kHz, thepeak output power from the cable locating equipmentshall not exceed one watt. If provisions are made forconnection of the cable locating equipment to the ACpower lines, the conducted limits in Section 15.207 alsoapply to this equipment.

Radiated Emission Limits, Additional Provisions

Section 15.215 Additional provisions to the general radi-ated emission limitations.

(a) The regulations in Sections 15.217-15.251 providealternatives to the general radiated emission limits forintentional radiators operating in specified frequencybands. Unless otherwise stated, there are rio restrictions asto the types of operation permitted under these sections.

(b) In most cases, unwanted emissions outside of thefrequency bands shown in these alternative provisionsmust be attenuated to the emission limits shown in Sec-tion 15.209. In no case shall the level of the unwantedemissions from an intentional radiator operating underthese additional provisions exceed the field strength of thefundamental emission.

(c) For those bands of frequencies where alternativeradiated emission limitations apply and for which a fre-quency stability is not specified, it is recommended thatthe fundamental frequency be kept within at least thecentral 80% of the permitted band in order to minimizethe possibility of out-of-band operation.

(d) Where the following sections specify limits on thebandwidth of the emissions, the bandwidth limits includethe effects of frequency sweeping, frequency hopping, andother modulation techniques which may be employed.

Section 15.217 Operation in the band 160 - 190 kHz.

(a) The total input power to the final radio frequencystage (exclusive of filament or heater power) shall notexceed one watt.

(b) The total length of the transmission line, antenna,and ground lead (if used) shall not exceed 15 meters.

(c) All emissions below 160 kHz or above 190 kliz shallbe attenuated at least 20 dB below the level of theunmodulated carrier. Determination of compliance withthe 20 dB attenuation specification may be based onmeasurements at the intentional radiator's antenna outputterminal unless the intentional radiator uses a perma-nently attached antenna, in which case compliance shallbe demonstrated by measuring the radiated emissions.

Section 15.219 Operation in the band 510 - 1705 kHz.(a) The total input power to the final radio frequency

stage (exclusive of filament or heater power) shall notexceed 100 milliwatts.

(b) The total length of the transmission line, antennaand ground lead (if used) shall not exceed 3 meters.

(c) All emissions below 510 kHz or above 1705 kHzshall be attenuated at least 20 dB below the level of theunniodulated carrier. Determination of compliance withthe 20 dB attenuation specification may be based onmeasurements at the intentional radiator's antenna outputterminal unless the intentional radiator uses a perma-nently attached antenna, in which case compliance shallbe demonstrated by measuring the radiated emissions.

Section 15.221 Operation in the band 525 - 1705 kHz.

(a) The provisions of this Section are restricted to theoperation of an AM broadcast station on a college oruniversity campus or on the campus of any other educa-tional institution. Operation is restricted to the grounds ofthe campus. For the band 535-1705 kHz, the frequency ofoperation shall be chosen such that operation is not with-in the protected field strength contours of licensed AMstations.

(b) On the campus, the field strength of emissionsappearing outside of this frequency band shall not exceedthe general radiated emission limits shown in Section15.209 as measured from the radiating source. There is nolimit on the field strength of emissions appearing withinthis frequency band, except that the provisions of Section15.5 continue to apply.

(c) At the perimeter of the campus, the field strength ofany emissions, including those within the frequency band525 - 1705 kHz, shall not exceed the general radiatedemission limits in Section 15.209.

(d) The conducted limits specified in Section 15.207apply to the radio frequency voltage on the public utilitypower lines outside of the campus. Due to the largenumber of radio frequency devices which may be used onthe campus, contributing to the conducted emissions, asan alternative to measuring conducted emissions on theAC power lines outside of the campus. it is acceptable todemonstrate compliance with this provision by measuringeach individual intentional radiator employed in the sys-tem at the point where it connects to the AC power lines.As provided in Section 15.207(b), if only a carrier currentsystem is employed, the AC power line conducted limitsdo not apply. However, the radiated emission limits pro-vided in this Section apply to carrier current systems.

(e) A grant of equipment authorization is not requiredfor a campus radio system. In lieu thereof, a campusradio system shall be verified for compliance with theregulations in accordance with Subpart J of Part 2 of thisChapter. This data shall be kept on file at the location ofthe studio, office or control room associated with thetransmitting equipment. In some cases, this may corre-spond to the location of the transmitting equipment.

Section 15.223 Operation in the band 1. 705 - 10 MHz.

(a) The field strength of any emission within the band1.705-10.0 MHz shall not exceed 100 microvolts/meter at adistance of 30 meters. However, if the bandwidth of theemission is less than 10% of the center frequency, thefield strength shall not exceed 15 microvolts/meter or (thebandwidth of the device in kHz) divided by (the centerfrequency of the device in MHz) microvolts/meter at adistance of 30 meters, whichever is the higher level. Forthe purposes of this Section, bandwidth is determined atthe points 6 dB down from the modulated carrier. Theemission limits in this paragraph are based on measure-

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ment instrumentation employing an average detector. Theprovisions in Section 15.35(b) for limiting peak emissionsapply.

(b) The field strength of emissions outside of the band1.705-10.0 MHz shall not exceed the general radiatedemission limits in Section 15.209.

Section 15.225 Operation within the band 13, 553 - 13.567 MHz.

(a) The field strength of any emissions within this bandshall not exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 30 meters.

(b) The field strength of any emissions appearing out-side of this band shall not exceed the general radiatedemission limits shown in Section 15.209.

(c) The frequency tolerance of the carrier signal shallbe maintained within ± 0.01% of the operating frequencyover a temperature variation of -20 degrees to + 50 de-grees C at normal supply voltage, and for a variation inthe primary supply voltage from 85% to 115% of therated supply voltage at a temperature of 20 degrees C. Forbattery operated equipment, the equipment tests shall beperformed using a new battery.

Section 15.227 Operation within the band 26. 96 - 27. 28MHz.

(a) The field strength of any emission within this bandshall not exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. Theemission limit in this paragraph is based on measurementinstrumentation employing an average detector. The pro-visions in Section 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.

(b) The field strength of any emissions which appearoutside of this band shall not exceed the general radiatedemission limits in Section 15.209.

Section 15.229 Operation within the band 40. 66 - 40. 70MHz.

(a) Unless operating pursuant to the provisions in Sec-tion 15.231, the field strength of any emissions within thisband shall not exceed 1000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters.

(b) The field strength of any emissions appearing out-side of this band shall not exceed the general radiatedemission limits in Section 15.209.

(c) The frequency tolerance of the carrier signal shallbe maintained within ± 0.01% of the operating frequencyover a temperature variation of -20 degrees to + 50degrees C at normal supply voltage, and for a variation inthe primary supply voltage from 85% to 115% of therated supply voltage at a temperature of 20 degrees C. Forbattery operated equipment. the equipment tests shall beperformed using a new battery.

Section 15.231 Periodic operation in the band 40. 66 - 40.0 MHz and above 70 MHz.(a) The provisions of this Section are restricted to peri-

odic operation within the band 40.66 - 40.70 MHz andabove 70 MHz. Except as shown in paragraph (e) of thisSection, the intentional radiator is restricted to the trans-mission of a control signal such as those used with alarmsystems, door openers, remote switches, etc. Radio controlof toys is not permitted. Continuous transmissions, suchas voice or video, and data transmissions are notpermitted. The prohibition against data transmissions doesnot preclude the use of recognition codes. Those codes areused to identify the sensor that is activated or to identify

the particular component as being part of the system. Thefollowing conditions shall be met to comply with theprovisions for this periodic operation:

(1) A manually operated transmitter shall employ aswitch that will automatically deactivate the transmitterwithin not more than 5 seconds of being released.

(2) A transmitter activated automatically shall ceasetransmission within 5 seconds after activation.

(3) Periodic transmissions at regular predetermined in-tervals are not permitted. However, polling or supervisiontransmissions to determine system integrity of transmittersused in security or safety applications are allowed if theperiodic rate of transmission does not exceed one trans-mission of not more than one second duration per hourfor each transmitter.

(4) Intentional radiators which are employed for radiocontrol purposes during emergencies involving fire, secu-rity, and safety of life, when activated to signal an alarm,may operate during the pendency of the alarm condition.

(b) In addition to the provisions of Section 15.205, thefield strength of emissions from intentional radiators op-erated under this Section shall not exceed the following:

Fundamental

Field Strength of

Field Strength ofFrequency

Fundamental

Spurious Emissions(MHZ)

(microvolts/meter)

(microvolls/meter)

40.66 . 40.70

2,250

22570 . 130

1,250

125130- 174

1,250 to 3,750 "

125 to 375 "'174 - 260

3,750

375260 - 470

3.750 to 12,500 **

375 to 1,250 **Above 470

12,500

1,250

linear interpolations

(1) The above field strength limits are specified at adistance of 3 meters. The tighter limits apply at the bandedges.

(2) Intentional radiators operating under the provisionsof this Section shall demonstrate compliance with thelimits on the field strength of emissions, as shown in theabove table, based on the average value of the measuredemissions. As an alternative, compliance with the limitsin the above table may be based on the use of measure-ment instrumentation with a CISPR quasi-peak detector.The specific method of measurement employed shall bespecified in the application for equipment authorization.If average emission measurements are employed, the pro-visions in Section 15.35 for averaging pulsed emissionsand for limiting peak emissions apply. Further, compli-ance with the provisions of Section 15.205 shall be dem-onstrated using measurement instrumentation with aCISPR quasi-peak detector.

(3) The limits on the field strength of the spuriousemissions in the above table are based on the fundamentalfrequency of the intentional radiator. Spurious emissionsshall be attenuated to the average limits shown in thistable or to the general limits shown in Section 15.209, asmeasured with a CISPR quasi-peak detector, whicheverlimit permits a higher field strength.

(c) The bandwidth of the emission shall be no widerthan 0.25% of the center frequency for devices operatingabove 70 MHz and below 900 MHz. For devices operatingabove 900 MHz, the emission shall be no wider than0.5% of the center frequency. Bandwidth is determined atthe points 20 dB down from the modulated carrier.

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(d) For devices operating within the frequency band40.66 - 40.70 MHz, the bandwidth of the emission shalt beconfined within the band edges and the frequency toler-ance of the carrier shall be ± 0.01%. This frequencytolerance shall be maintained for a temperature variationof -20 degrees to +50 degrees C at normal supply voltage,and for a variation in the primary supply voltage from85% to 115% of the rated supply voltage at a temperatureof 20 degrees C. For battery operated equipment, theequipment tests shall be performed using a new battery.

(e) Intentional radiators may operate at a periodic rateexceeding that specified in paragraph (a) and may beemployed for any type of operation, including operationprohibited in paragraph (a), provided the intentional ra-diator complies with the provisions of paragraphs (b)through (d) of this Section, except the field strength tablein paragraph (b) is replaced by the following:

Fundamental

Field Strength of

Field Strergth ofFrequency

Fundamental

Spurious Emissions(MHz)

(microv&tslmeter)

(microvolts/meter)

40.66 - 40,70

1,000

10070-130

500

50130- 174

500 to 1,500 **

50 to 150 **174 - 260

1,500

150260 - 470

1,500 to 5,000

150 to 500 **

Above 470

5000

500

** linear interpolations

In addition, devices operated under the provisions ofthis paragraph shall be provided with a means for auto-matically limiting operation so that the duration of eachtransmission shall not be greater than one second and thesilent period between transmissions shall be at least 30times the duration of the transmission but in no case lessthan 10 seconds.

Section 15.233 Operationwithbt the bands 46. 60 - 46. 98MHz and 49. 66 -. 50. 0 MHz.

(a) The provisions shown in this Section are restrictedto cordless telephones.

(b) An intentional radiator used as part of a cordlesstelephone system shall operate on one or more of thefollowing requency pairs:

Channel Base Transmitter

Handset Transmitter(MHZ)

(MHr)

1

46.6 10

49.6702

46.630

49.8453

46.670

49.8604

46.7 10

49.7705

46.730

49.8756

46.770

49.8307

46.830

49.8908

46.870

49.930

9

46.930

49.99010

46.970

49.970

(c) The field strength of the fundamental emission shallnot exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emis-sion limit in this paragraph is based on measurementinstrumentation employing an average detector. The pro-visions in Section 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.

(d) The fundamental emission shall be confined withina 20 kHz band centered on the actual carrier frequency.Modulation products outside of this 20 kHz band shall beattenuated at least 26 dE below the level of theunmodulated carrier or to the general limits in Section

15.209, whichever permits the higher emission levels.Emissions on any frequency more than 20 kHz removedfrom the center frequency shall consist solely of unwantedemissions and shall not exceed the general radiated emis-sion limits in Section 15.209.

(e) All emissions exceeding 20 microvolts/meter at 3meters are to be reported in the application for certifica-tion. Tests to determine compliance with this requirementshall be performed using an appropriate input signal asprescribed in Section 2.989 of this Chapter.

(t) If the device provides for the connection of externalaccessories, including external electrical input signals, thedevice must be tested with the accessories attached. Theemission tests shall be performed with the device andaccessories configured in a manner which tends toproduce the maximum level of emissions within the rangeof variations that can be expected under normal operatingconditions.

(g) The frequency tolerance of the carrier signal shallbe maintained within ± 0.01% of the operating frequency.The tolerance shall be maintained for a temperature vari-ation of -20 degrees C to + 50 degrees C at normal supplyvoltage, and for variation in the primary voltage from85% to 115% of the rated supply voltage at a temperatureof 20 degrees C. For battery operated equipment, theequipment tests shall be performed using a new battery.

(h) For equipment authorization, a single applicationform, FCC Form 731, may be filed for a cordless tele-phone system, provided the application clearly identifiesand provides data for all parts of the system to showcompliance with the applicable technical requirements.When a single application form is submitted, both thebase station and the portable handset must carry the sameFCC identifier. The application shall include a fee forcertification of each type of transmitter and notificationor certification, if appropriate; for each type of receiverincluded in the system.

(i) A cordless telephone which is intended to be con-nected to the public telephone network shall also complywith the applicable regulations in Part 68 of this Chapter.A separate application for registration under Part 68 isrequired.

(j) The label required under Subpart A shall also con-tain the following statement: "Privacy of communicationsmay not be ensured when using this phone".

(k) The box or other package in which the individualcordless telephone is to be marketed shall carry a state-ment in a prominent location, visible to the buyer beforepurchase, which reads as follows:

NOTICE: The base units of some cordless tele-phones may respond to other nearby units or toradio noise resulting in telephone calls being dialedthrough this unit without your knowledge and pos-sibly calls being misbilled. In order to protectagainst such occurrences, this cordless telephone isprovided with the following features: (to be com-pleted by the responsible party).

An application for certification of a cordless telephoneshall specify the complete text of the statement that willbe carried on the package and indicate where, specifically,it will be located on the carton.

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4 FCC Red No. 9 Federal Communications Commission Record

FCC 89-103

Section 15.235 Operation within the band 49. 82 49. 90MHz.

(a) The field strength of any emission within this bandshaft not exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. Theemission limit in this paragraph is based on measurementinstrumentation employing an average detector. The pro-visions in Section 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.

(b) The field strength of any emissions appearing be-tween the band edges and up to 10 kHz above and belowthe band edges shall be attenuated at least 26 dB belowthe level of the unmodulated carrier or to the generallimits in Section 15.209, whichever permits the higheremission levels. The field strength of any emissions re-moved by more than 10 kHz from the band edges shallnot exceed the general radiated emission limits in Section15.209. All signals exceeding 20 inicrovolts/meter at 3meters shall be reported in the application for certifica-tion.

(c) For a home-built intentional radiator, as defined inSection 15.23(a), operating within the band 49.82-49.90MHz, the following standards may be employed:

(1) The RE carrier and modulation products shall bemaintained within the band 49.82-49.90 MHz.

(2) The total input power to the device measured at thebattery or the power line terminals shall not exceed 100milliwatts under any condition of modulation.

(3) The antenna shall be a single element, one meter orless in length, permanently mounted on the enclosurecontaining the device.

(4) Emissions outside of this band shall be attenuated atleast 20 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier.

(5) The regulations contained in Section 15.23 of thisPart apply to intentional radiators constructed under theprovisions of this paragraph.

(d) Cordless telephones are not permitted to operateunder the provisions of this Section.

Section 15.237 Operation in the bands 72. 0 - 73, 0 MHzand 75. 4 - 76. 0 MHz.

(a) The intentional radiator shall be restricted to use asan auditory assistance device.

(b) Emissions from the intentional radiator shall beconfined within a band 200 kHz wide centered on theoperating frequency. The 200 kHz band shall lie whollywithin the above specified frequency ranges.

(c) The field strength of any emissions within thepermitted 200 kHz band shall not exceed 80millivolts/meter at 3 meters. The field strength of anyemissions radiated on any frequency outside of the speci-fied 200 kHz band shall not exceed 1500 microvoits/meterat 3 meters. The emission limits in this paragraph arebased on measurement instrumentation employing anaverage detector. The provisions in Section 15.35 forlimiting peak emissions apply.

Section 15.239 Operation in the band 88 - 108 MHz.(a) Emissions from the intentional radiator shall be

confined within a band 200 kHz wide centered on theoperating frequency. The 200 kHz band shall lie whollywithin the frequency range of 88-108 MHz.

(b) The field strength of any emissions within thepermitted 200 kHz band shall not exceed 250microvolts/nieter at 3 meters. The emission limit in this

paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation em-ploying an average detector. The provisions in Section15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.

(c) The field strength of any emissions radiated on anyfrequency outside of the specified 200 kHz band shall notexceed the general radiated emission limits in Section15.209.

(d) A custom built telemetry intentional radiator op-erating in the frequency band of 88-208 MHz and used forexperimentation by an educational institute need not becertified provided the device complies with the standardsin this Part and the educational institution notifies theEngineer in Charge of the local FCC office, in writing, inadvance of operation, providing the following informa-tion:

(1) The dates and places where the device will beoperated;

(2) The purpose for which the device will be used;(3) A description of the device, including the operating

frequency, RF power output, and antenna; and,(4) A statement that the device complies with the tech-

nical provisions of this Part.

Section 15.241 Operation in the band 174 - 216 MHz,(a) Operation under the provisions of this Section is

restricted to biomedical telemetry devices.(b) Emissions from the device shall be confined within

a 200 kHz band which shall lie wholly within the fre-quency range of 174-216 MHz.

(c) The field strength of any emissions radiated withinthe specified 200 kHz band shall not exceed 1500microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The field strength of emis-sions radiated on any frequency outside of the specified200 kHz band shall not exceed 150 inicrovolts/meter at 3meters. The emission limits in this paragraph are basedon measurement instrumentation employing an averagedetector. The provisions in Section 15.35 for limitingpeak emissions apply.

Section 15.243 Operation in the band 890 - 940 MHz.(a) Operation under the provisions of this Section is

restricted to devices that use radio frequency energy tomeasure the characteristics of a material. Devices operatedpursuant to the provisions of this Section shall not beused for voice communications or the transmission of anyother type of message.

(b) The field strength of any emissions radiated withinthe specified frequency band shall not exceed 500microvoltsfmeter at 30 meters. The emission limit in thisparagraph is based on measurement instrumentation em-ploying an average detector. The provisions in Section15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.

(c) The field strength of emissions radiated on anyfrequency outside of the specified band shall not exceedthe general radiated emission limits in Section 15.209.

(d) The device shall be self-contained with no externalor readily accessible controls which may be adjusted topermit operation in a manner inconsistent with the provi-sions in this Section. Any antenna that may be used withthe device shall be permanently attached thereto and shallnot be readily modifiable by the user.

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FCC 89- 103 Federal Communications Commission Record

4 FCC Red No. 9

3548

Section 15.245 Operation within the bands 902 - 928MHz, 2435 - 2465 MHz, 5785 5815 MHz, 10500 10550MHz, and 24075 - 24175 MHz.

(a) Operation under the provisions of this Section islimited to intentional radiators used as field disturbancesensors, excluding perimeter protection systems.

(b) The field strength of emissions from intentionalradiators operated within these frequency bands shallcomply with the following:

Fundamental

Field

Strength Field StrengthFrequency

of Fundamental

of Harmonics(MHZ)

(millivolts/meter)

(millivolts/meter)

902 928

500

1.62435 .2465

500

1.65785- 5815

500

1.610500 - 10550

2500

25.024075 - 24175

2500

25.0

(1).Field strength limits are specified at a distance of 3meters.

(2) Emissions radiated outside of the specified frequen-cy bands, except for harmonics, shall be attenuated by atleast 50 dB below the level of the fundamental or to thegeneral radiated emission limits in Section 15.209, which-ever is the lesser attenuation.

(3) The emissioi limits shown in the above table arebased on measurement instrumentation employing anaverage detector. The provisions in Section 15.35 forlimiting peak emissions apply.

Section 15.247 Operation within the bands 902 - 928MHz, 2400 - 2483. 5 MHz, and 5725 - 5850 MHz.

(a) Operation under the provisions of this Section islimited to frequency hopping and direct sequence spreadspectrum intentional radiators that comply with the fol-lowing provisions:

(1) For frequency hopping systems, at least 75 hoppingfrequencies, separated by at least 25 kHz, shall be used.The average time of occupancy on any frequency shallnot be greater than 0.4 seconds within a 30 second period.The maximum bandwidth of the hopping channel is 25kHz.

(2) For direct sequence systems, the minimum 6 dBbandwidth shall be at least 500 kHz.

(b) The maximum peak output power of the intentionalradiator shall not exceed one watt.

(c) Radio frequency output power outside these fre-quency bands over any 100 kHz bandwidth shall be atleast 20 dB below that in any 100 kHz bandwidth withinthe band that contains the highest level of the desiredpower.

Note: Spread spectrum systems are sharing these bands ona noninterference basis with systems supporting criticalGovernment requirements that have been allocated theusage of these bands, secondary only to ISM equipmentoperated under the provisions of Part 18 of this Chapter.Many of these Government systems are airborneradiolocation systems that emit a high EIRP which cancause interference to other users. Also, investigations ofthe effect of spread spectrum interference to U. S. Gov-ernment operations in the 902-928 MHz band may re-quire a future decrease in the power limits allowed forspread spectrum operation.

Section 15.249 Operation within the bands 902 - 928MHz, 2400 - 2483. 5 MHz, 5725 5875 MHz, and 24. 0 -24. 25 GHz.

(a) The field strength of emissions from intentionalradiators operated within these frequency bands shallcomply with the following:

Fundamental

Field Strength

Field StrengthFrequency

of Fundamental

of Harmonics(millivolts/meter)

(microvolts/meter)

902-928MHz

50

5002400 -2483.5 MHz

50

5005725 . 5875 MHz

50

50024.0 - 24.25 0Hz

250

2500

(b) Field strength limits are specified at a distance of 3meters.

(c) Emissions radiated outside of the specified frequencybands, except for harmonics, shall be attenuated by atleast 50 dB below the level of the fundamental or to thegeneral radiated emission limits in Section 15.209, which-ever is the lesser attenuation.

(d) As shown in Section 15.35(b), for frequencies above1000 MHz, the above field strength limits are based onaverage limits. However, the peak field strength of anyemission shall not exceed the maximum permitted aver-age limits specified above by more than 20 dB under anycondition of modulation.

Section 15.251 Operation within the bands 2. 9 - 3. 26GHz, 3. 267 - 3. 332 GHz, 3. 339 . 3. 3458 GHz, and 3.358 - 3. 6 GHz.

(a) Operation under the provisions of this Section islimited to automatic vehicle identification systems (AVIS)which use swept frequency techniques for the purpose ofautomatically identifying transportation vehicles.

(b) The field strength anywhere within the frequencyrange swept by the signal shall not exceed 3000microvolts/meter/MHz at 3 meters in any direction, Fur-ther, an AVIS, when in its operating position, shall notproduce a field strength greater than 400microvolts/meterfMHz at 3 meters in any direction within± 10 degrees of the horizontal plane. En addition to theprovisions of Section 15.205, the field strength of radiatedemissions outside the frequency range swept by the signalshall be limited to a maximum of 100microvolts/meterfMHz at 3 meters, measured from 30MHz to 20 GHz for the complete system. The emissionlimits in this paragraph are based on measurement in-strumentation employing an average detector. The provi-sions in Section 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.

(c) The minimum sweep repetition rate of the signalshall not be lower than 4000 sweeps per second, and themaximum sweep repetition rate of the signal shall notexceed 50,000 sweeps per second,

(d) An AVIS shall employ a horn antenna or othercomparable directional antenna for signal emission.

(e) Provision shall be made so that signal emission fromthe VIS shall occur only when the vehicle to be identifiedis within the radiated field of the system.

(I) In addition to the labelling requirements in Section15.19(a), the label attached to the AVIS transmitter shallcontain a third statement regarding operational condi-tions, as follows:

4 FCC Red No.9

Federal Communications Commission Record FCC 89-i03

• and, (3) during use this device (the antenna)may not be pointed within ± ** degrees of thehorizontal plane.

The double asterisks in condition three ('"') shall bereplaced by the responsible party with the angular point-ing restriction necessary to meet the horizontal emissionlimit specified in paragraph (b).

(g) In addition to the information required in Subpart Jof Part 2, the application for certification shall contain

(I) Measurements of field strength per MHz along withthe intermediate frequency of the spectrum analyzer orequivalent measuring receiver;

(2) The angular separation between the direction atwhich maximum field strength occurs and the direction atwhich the field strength is reduced to 400microvoltslmeter/MFIz at 3 meters;

(3) A photograph of the spectrum analyzer displayshowing the entire swept frequency signal and a calibratedscale for the vertical and horizontal axes; the spectrumanalyzer settings that were used shall be labelled on thephotograph; and,

(4) The results of the frequency search for spurious andsideband emissions from 30 MHz to 20 GHz, exclusive ofthe swept frequency band, with the measuring instrumentas close as possible to the unit under test.

3549

FCC 89-103 Federal Communications Commission

APPENDIX C

Restricted Bands of bperation under Part 15

Allocation/Use Requizing Restricted Designation

Loran C radlonavigatlon

Maritime distress frequency

Mobile distress frequency

Maritime and aeronautical survival craft search and rescue

Radio astronomy

Radio astronomy

Radio astronomy

73-74.6 MHz: Radio astronomy74.6-75)1 MHz: Aeronautical radionavigation marker beacon(75.0 MHz) and guard bands

108-117.975 MHz: P.eronautical radionavigation (aircraft-to-tower)117.975-121.9375 MHz: Aeronautical mobile for safety andregularity of flight121.14_121.6 MHz: Search and rescue (SARSAT)

123-123.2: Coordinated search and rescue by mobile1 landand aeronautical123.2-123.8:

Aeronautical

flight

test

voiceconmunications123.5875-13? P4Hz:

Aeronautical mobile for safety andregularity of flight137-138 MHz: Satellite down link

Radlonavigation satellite down link

Search and rescue (maritime mobile distress and calling on156.7625-156.8375 14Hz)

Frequency(MHz)

0.09-0.11

O.49-O.51

2.1735-2. 1905

8.362-8.366

13.36-13.41

25.5-25.67

37.5-38.25

73.0-75.4

108-121 .9l

123-138

1'49. 9-150. 05

156.7-156.9

Federal Communications Commission

FCC 89.103

Frequency

Allocation/Use Requiring Restricted Designation(MHZ)

162.0125-167.1?

Wind shear detection around airports and to warn pilots167.72-173.3

when emergency action is needed, protection of nationaland visiting foreign dignitaries, and tracking ofendangered and dangerous wildlife requiring receiversensitivities on the order of -U45 dEm

240-285

243 MHz: Search and rescue (SARSAT)Other: U. S. Government satellite down links, militarysatellites, glide slope indicators, instrument landingsystems

322-335.4

322-328.6 MHz: Radio astronomy328.6-335.4 MHz:

Aeronautical

radionavigationinstrument landing system glide path

399.9-10

399.9-kOO.05 MHz: Radionavigation satellitekOO.05-kOO.15 MHz: Standard frequency and time signalLI00.15_i02 MHz: Satellite down link402_A406 MHz: Meteorological aids (radiosonde)406..I06. 1 MHz

Emergency position-indicating radlobeacon(EPIRB)406.1-410 MHz: Radio astronomy

6O8-61

Radio astronomy

960_12140

960-1215 MHz: Aeronautical radionavigation1215_12Z0 MHz: Satellite down link

130011127

1300-1350 P4Hz: Aeronautical radionavigation13501100 MHz:

Spectral line observations of neutralhydrogen14O0-1427 MHz: Radio astronomy

1'35-1626.5

135-153O MHz: aeronautical flight test telemetry1530-1559 MHz: Satellite down link1559-1610 MHz: Satellite down

link and aeronauticalradionav Igat ion1610-1626.5 MHz: Aeronautical radlonavigation1610.6-1613.8 MHz:

Spectral line observations of OHradical (radio astronomy)

1660-171Q i66O-1668. P4Hz: Radio astronomy1668.L1670 P4Hz: Radio astronomy and radiosonde1670-1710 MHz: Satellite down link and radiosonde

3551

FCC 89-103 Federal Communications Commission

Frequency(a1zL

1718.8-1722.2

2200-2300

2310-2390

21483.5-2500

2655-2900

3260-3267

3332-3339

33k5B-3358

3600-4400

14500_5250

5350-51460

7250-7750

8025-8500

9000-9200

9300-9500

10600-12700

13250- 131400

Allocation/Use Requiring Restricted Designation

Radio astronomy

Satellite down link

Aeronautical flight test telemetry

Radiodetermination satellite down link (Geostar)

2655-2690 MHz: Radio astronomy and satellite down link2690-2700 MHz: Radio astronomy2700-2900 MHz: Air traffic control radars

Spectral line observations (radio astronomy)

Spectral line observations (radio astronomy)

Spectral line observations (radio astronomy)

3600-14200 MHz: Satellite down link42OO-141400 MHz: Aeronautical radionavigation

450011800 MHz: Satellite down link4800-5000 MHz: Radio astronomy5000-5250 MHz: Aeronautical radionavl.gation

Aeronautical radionav igat ion

Satellite down link

Satellite down link

Aeronautical radionavigation

Radar transponders for maritime search and rescue;airborne weather and ground mapping radar for airborneradionavigatlon,

particularly under

poor visibilityconditions

10.6-10.7 0Hz: Radio astronomy1Q7-12.2 0Hz: Satellite down link12.2-12.7 GHz: Direct broadcast satellite

Aeronautical radionavigat ion

3552

Federal Communications Commission

FCC 89403

Frequency

Allocation/Use Requiring Restricted Designation(GHz)

14.47_1LL5

Spectral line observations (radio astronomy)

1535-16.2

15.35.15.1I GHz: Radio astronomy15.L15.7 GHz: Shuttle landing system; airborne weatherand ground mapping radar for radionavigatlon15.7-16.2 0Hz: Airport surface detection equipment usedto locate and navigate aircraft while on the ground

17.7-21.4

Satellite down link

22.01-23.12

22.01-22.5 GFIz: Radio astronomy22.5-23.0 GHz: Broadcast satellite (22.81-22.86 0Hz isalso radio astronomy)23.0-23,07 GHz: Fixed/inter-satellite/mobile

(used

tofill in the gap between frequency bands)23.07-23.12 0Hz: Radio astronomy

23.6-24.0

Radio astronomy

31 .2-31.8

Radio astronomy

36.43-36.5

Radio astronomy

38.6-40.0

Satellite down link

Above L0.0

Numerous bands above 40 0Hz would be restricted because oftheir allocation for radio astronomy, satellite downlinks, etc.

Iii addition, the rules limit the range ofmeasurements to 40 GHz. Because measurements are notrequired above 40 0Hz, standards have not been establishedat higher frequencies. Further, there appears to be nocurrent demand for non-licensed operation above 40 0Hz.Thus, operation of a Part 15 device above 40 0Hz is notbeing permitted at this time. Specific restrictedfrequency bands and standards for Part 15 devicesoperating above 40 0Hz will be addressed in a future rulemaking proceeding, if needed,

353

FCC 89-103

Federal Communcations Commission Record

4 FCC Red No. 9

FOOTNOTESThe limit applied to these early devices was 15

microvolts/meter (uV/m) at a distance equivalent to thewavelength of the operating frequency divided by 2 Pi. Thislimit is set forth in Section 15.7 of the existing rules, 47 CFRSection 15.7.

2 See, Notice of Proposed Rule Meking, Docket No. 87-389, 2FCC Red 6135 (1987).

A list of the parties filing comments and reply comments isprovided in Appendix A. A number of parties filed commentsafter the specified filing date. These late filed comments havebeen accepted and included in the record in this proceeding.

A number of changes to the regulations which were pro-posed in the Notice are not being addressed in this Order. Webelieve additional notice and comment is needed before we canappropriately resolve these issues. These issues include standardsfor kits of radio frequency devices, field strength limits forspread spectrum transmitters, and the definitions of Class B(residential) digital devices and personal computers. However,we have changed the definition of a peripheral to a digitaldevice to correspond with the Public Notice released by ourOffice of Engineering and Technology on September 18, 1986,and the News Release issued by our Field Operations Bureau onJune 3, 1987, that provided interpretations of the rules.

The energy conducted back into the power line can radiatefrom the power line. This type of interference usually occurs inthe spectrum below 30 MHz. Limits on the amount of RFenergy conducted back into the power line protects servicessuch as AM broadcasting, amateur radio and public safety. Insome instances, the present rules do not specify any conductedlimits because the device was expected to be used in limitedquantities or it was believed that the equipment would notgenerate significant emissions below 30 MHz.

The conducted limits for Class A (non-residential) digitaldevices were proposed to be 1000 uV over the frequency range450 kHz to 1.705 MHz and 3000 uV over the frequency range1.705 MI-{z to 30 MHz. These are the same limits presently ineffect for Class A devices, except the frequency at which thelimits are allowed to increase was chnged from 1.6 MHz to1.705 MHz. This change was proposed in anticipation of theexpansion of the spectrum allocated to AM broadcasting. Asproposed in the Notice, conducted limits shall not apply tocarrier current systems whose emissions are contained withinthe frequency band 450 kHz to 30 MHz.

The quasi-peak detector characteristics are detailed in Pub-lication 15 of the International Special Committee on RadioInterference (CISPR).

The interference distances shown were calculated by theLeague using an attenuation of 20 d13 per doubling of distance.The League also calculated other potential interference distancesusing a free space attenuation of 6 dB per doubling of thedistance.

' See, 47 CFR Section 90.242.10 See, Report and Order, Docket No. 86-422, 3 FCC Red 1702

(1988).See, OST Bulletin No. 63, "Understanding FCC Rules &

Regulations under Part 15 for Low Power Transmitters,' De-cember 1984.

An example of an operation under Part 15 where device-specific regulations were retained is auditory assistance devicesfor the handicapped. The permitted field strength level of theradiated emissions of the devices is high enough to cause inter-

ference to the authorized radio services. However, the low pro-liferation of this equipment reduces the probability thatinterference would be caused.

13 GWEN is a communication system employed by the De-partment of Defense.

14 The 27 MHz band is 26.99-27.26 MHz, Operation currentlyis permitted on six channels with the maximum bandwidthlimited to 20 kflz. See, 47 CFR Section 15.116. The 49 MHzband is 49.82-49.90 MHz. Within this band, operation currentlyis permitted on five channels with the maximum bandwidthlimited to 20 kHz. See, 47 CFR Sections 15.117-15.119.

Perimeter protection systems are field disturbance sensorsthat use buried 'leaky" cables installed so as to detect anymovement within the protected area. Use is limited to indus-trial, business and commercial applications. See, 47 CFR Section15.310.

16 In the Notice, we inadvertently deleted the 40.66-40.70 MHzband as an authorized band for control and security alarm andother periodic systems. The deletion of this band was an over-sight. The provisions to operate in this band are being retainedin this Order.

' The handset of a cordless telephone transmits and the baseStation receives within the frequency band 49.82-49.90 MHz onchannels 2, 3, 5. 6 and 7.

Cable locating equipment consists of RF generating equip-ment that is used to couple a signal onto buried cables, pipes,lines or similar structures or elements that act as the antenna.The resulting system acts as an intentional radiator, allowing atrained operator to locate the de5ired structure or element witha receiver. Operation normally is conducted at low frequencies,below 490 kHz.

ISM devices are regulated under Part 18 of the regulations.Operation as an ISM device entails the use of radio frequencyenergy to perform work instead of the conveying of informa-tion.

20 The ISM bands allocated to the ARS are those bands at902-928 Hz and higher frequencies.

21 For example, Class A computers are permitted to operate athigher field strengths than Class B computers. See 47 CFRSections 15.801-15.840.

22 Examples of radio services requiring the reception of verylow signal levels are satellite down links and radio astronomy.

23 The comments from the Pacific Companies were filed inconnection with the previously cited Docket No. 86-422 andincorporated by that Report and Order into this proceeding.

24 See, NTIA's comments regarding emissions from authorizedservices in paragraph 57, supra.

25 In some cases, the frequency bands employed by the U. S.Government are used for the purpose of national security. Thus,we recognize that the commenting parties are unable to exam-ine the actual use of these bands or their sensitivity to interfer-ence. However, use for national security is sufficientjustification for designation as a restricted band.

We are not designating the aeronautical flight test voicebands in the frequency range 2.8-22 MHz as restricted bands.Neither AFTRCC nor Rokwell demonstrated that such opera-tion were prone to receiving interference from Part 15 transmit-ters operating at the proposed emission limits.

27 This is the "KTB limit' where K equals Boltzmann'sconstant, T is the temperature in degrees Kelvin, and B is thenoise bandwidth. NTIA defined B to equal 30 kHz within thefrequency range of 30 to 960 MHz and 300 kHz above 960 MHz.Using this KTB limit, NTIA then determined the field strength

3554

4 FCC Red No. 9

Federa' Communications Commission Record

limit that would cause a Part 15 device to produce, at a distanceof about 300 meters, ,a signal level equal to the stated KTB noisevalue.

See, Report 224-5, "Interference Protection Criteria for theRadioa.stronomy Service', International TelecommunicationUnion, International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR),Recommendations, and Reports of the CCIR, 1982, Volume H,XVth Plenary Assembly..

These radio astronomy bands are 1400-1427 MHz,1660.5-1668.4 MHz, 2690-2700 MHz and 4990-5000 MHz.

30 The request to amend Part 18 of our regulations is outsidethe scope of this proceeding.

31 See, Memorandum Opinion and Order, Docket No. 86-422,(add cite).

The emission limits for digital devices were not proposed tobe changed from the current standards.

The level of emissions permitted from Part 18 devices andthe applicability of those emission levels to emissions from Part15 intentional radiators was discussed in paragraph 60 of thisOrder. This discussion is equally applicable to emissions appear-ing in the ISM bands from unintentional radiators.

Genie, however, requests the Commission to delete therequirements that their superregenerative receivers be tested"cohered" and that pulse desensitization techniques be appliedto measurements taken from a spectrum analyzer. Both of thesearguments were considered in the proceeding in Docket No.86-422 and were dismissed. No new evidence has been submittedby Genie to warrant reconsideration in this proceeding.

Except for Cl3 receivers and unintentional radiators whichoperate in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz and which aredesigned to conduct their emissions via connecting wires orcables, e.g., carrier current systems used as unintentional radia-tors, the Notice did not propose the implementation of radiatedemission limits below 30 MHz for unintentional radiators.

36 NAB and NcTA request that the limits specified under Part76 of our rules be employed, stating that those limits are morestringent. However, the limits in Part 76 are based on averagemeasurements while the limits proposed in the Norice are basedon CISPR quasi-peak measurements.

For example, the Commission recently tested a number ofTV broadcast receivers and found that several of these receiversalready comply with the proposed limits. Also, tighter emissionlimits have been met for many years by receivers used in theCitizens Band Radio Service without substantial economic pen-alty.

Radiated emission measurements below 30 MHz must stillbe performed for CR receivers and devices operating in thefrequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz that are designed toconduct their radio frequency emissions via connecting wires orcables, e.g., carrier current systems used as unintentional radia-tors. We are specifying the upper frequency range of measure-ments for unintentional radiators operating below 1.705 MHz tobe 30 MHz as this corresponds to the upper frequency rangespecified for AC power line conducted emissions. Under thecurrent regulations, for devices operating below 1.705 MI-li ei-ther no upper frequency range is specified, e.g., for devicesdesigned to conduct their radio frequency emissions via con-necting wires or cables, or an upper limit of 1000 MHz isspecified, e.g., computing devices. Below 30 MHz, oniy limits onthe amount of radio frequency energy conducted onto the ACpower lines apply to most devices. Thus, digital devices inwhich the highest frequency generated or used is less than 1.705MHz and which are not designed to permit operation whileconnected to the AC power lines would be exempt from thetechnical standards. This should result in an exemption for

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most, if not all, hand-held calculators, programmable "calcula-tors,' electronic games, and musical greeting cards from theregulations. Similarly, most quartz watches and clocks and mod-ules of quartz watches and clocks would be exempt.

See, Recommendation 478-3, "Technical Characteristics ofEquipment and Principles Governing the Allocation of Fre-quency Channels between 25 and 1000 MHz for the Land MobileService", International Telecommunication Union, InternationalRadio Consultative Committee (CCIR), Recommendations andReports of the CCIR, 1986, Volume VEIl-i, XVIth Plenary As-sembly.

40 Also, see the discussion in paragraph 60, supra.41 Quasi-peak measurement procedures have not been estab-

lished above 1000 MHz.42 While AT&T and EIAICEG request that the quasi-peak

detector be based on ANSI Publication C63.2 instead of CISPRPublication 16, the ANSI publication has been changed to cor-respond more closely with CISPR Publication 16. Further,CISPP. Publication 16 is the internationally recognized standard.

Thus, we disagree with Genie and Linear that quasi-peakdetectors will not provide uniform results, are inherently equip-ment sensitive and are likely to yield inaccurate measurements.We also disagree with SEJA that eliminating average measure-ments in the restricted bands would require manufacturers toreduce output power to comply with the quasi-peak limits.First, filtering could be employed in the transmitters to reduceemissions in the restricted bands. Second, as shown in thediscussion of the limits in the restricted bands, we have in-creased the permitted level of spurious emissions in the re-stricted bands below 1000 MHz by an amount that more thancompensates for the change from average to quasi-peak mea-surements. Further, we disagree with CBEMA that broadbandemissions from digital devices should be subject to limits basedon measurements with an average detector. The emission limitsapplied to digital devices were established based on their inter-ference potential when the emissions were measured with aquasi-peak detector. Further, CREMA has not provided suffi-cient information to demonstrate that measuring broadbandemissions with an average detector would provide equivalentinterference protection.

" Measurements employing instrumentation with a CISPRquasi-peak detector will still be required to determine the levelof radio frequency emissions in the restricted bands, even ifemissions from the device are otherwise measured using anaverage detector.

If a digital device is incorporated in an intentional radiator,testing shall be required to the higher of the tenth harmonic orthe frequency range applicable to the digital device, as based onthe highest clock rate or data rate of the digital device. How-ever, we are providing a slight relaxation of the emission limitsfor an intentional radiator if measurements above the tenthharmonic are required because of the incorporation of a digitaldevice. In this case, emissions above the tenth harmonic must beattenuated to the general emission limits applicable to the incor-porated digital device (Class A or B), as based on the frequencybeing measured, or, except for emissions appearing in the re-stricted frequency bands, to the limit on spurious emissionsspecified for the intentional radiator, whichever is the higherlimit,

45 Some of the manufacturers of control and security alarmdevices filed comments objecting to procedures currently usedto maximize the emissions from their equipment. The Commis-sion previously addressed these matters in connection with theproceeding in Docket No. 86-422. As stated in the Notice ofProposed Rule Making in that proceeding, 1 FCC Rcd 1111

FCC 89-103 Federal Communications Commission Record

4 FCC Rcd No. 9

(.1986), at para. 3, . . there is no new evidence or compellingreasons beyond those already addressed in the proceedings thatestablished the regulations for control and security alarm sys-tems to persuade us to consider . . " the requested changes.Again, no new evidence or compelling reasons have been pro-vided to demonstrate the need to change the existing require-ments. The levels at which these emissions are currentlymaximized are representative of the emission levels that can beproduced when the equipment is used by consumers. Therefore,we are not adopting the changes in the procedures used tomaximize emissions requested by the manufacturers of controland security alarm devices.

The equipment authorization procedures, as detailed inSubpart J of Part 2 of the regulations, con5ist of type approval,type acceptance, certification, notification, verification and reg-istration. Except for registration, radio frequency equipmentsubject to these procedures must be authorized by the Commis-sion or verified by the responsible party before marketing. Un-der type approval, the equipment is tested by the Commission.Type acceptance and certification require the submission to theCommission of measurement and other data. Under notificationand verification, the measurement data demonstrating compli-ance is retained by the responsible party, unless specificallyrequested by the Commission. Registration applies to devicesinterconnected to the public telephone network and requiresthe submission of measurement data.

See, 47 CFR Section 15.38.See, 47 CFR Section 2.1043. Two classes of permissive

changes are available: a Class I permissive change is a change tothe equipment which results in no change to or a decrease inthe levels of the emissions reported to the Commission; a ClassH permissive change is a change to the equipment which resultsin an increase in the levels of the reported emissions yet stillpermits the equipment to remain in compliance with the emis-sion standards.

See, 47 CFR Sections 2.907, 2.931.St The filing from Linear resulted in the release of an Erra-

tuin. See, Erratum in Docket No. 87-389, DA 87-1760, releasedDecember 16, 1987.

52 See, 47 CFR Sections 2.951-2.957.See, Order Granting Limited Waiver, FCC 85-204, adopted

April 23, 1985.The definition of a biomedical telemetry device proposed in

the Notice reflected the fact that these were the only devicesproposed to be permitted to be employed as multiple transmit-ters. This distinction is no longer required, and the proposeddefinition is being changed accordingly.

See, Memorandum, Opinion and Order, Docket No. 85-301,3 FCC Rcd 6491 (1988).

See Memorandum, Opinion, and Order, Docket No. 87-107,3 FCC Rcd 4222 (1988).

" See, 47 CFR Sections 15.65-15.68 of the current regulations.While the current regulation, 47 CFR Section 15.66, speci-

fies a 12 dB UHF noise figure, the Commission orders thatamended this section and implemented the 12 dB noise figurewere overturned by the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Districtof Columbia Circuit on September 17, 1980. See, ElectronicIndustries ASS'n. Consumer v. FCC, 636 F.2d 689 (D.C. Cir.1980). Thus, the current noise figure requirement, which isbeing retained in this Order, is 14 dB.

This change to the regulations is exempt from the noticeand comment provisions contained in the Administrative Proce-dures Act in accordance with 5 USC 553(b)(A). Notice andpublic comment are unnecessary since this change adopts a

non-controversial amendment that merely extends an applica-tion of the existing rules and should not result in degradation ofUHF TV reception.

° FCC FOrm 740 is required to be filed whenever a radiofrequency device is imported into the United States. See, 47CFR Sections 2.1201-2.1219.

61 We are retaining at this time the present exemptions fordigital devices. These exemptions are contained in the currentSection 15.80 1 of the rules and in OST Bulletin No. 62, "Under-

standing the FCC Regulations Concerning Computing Devices,"May 1984. Changes to these exemptions may be addressed in afuture rule making proceeding.

See, 47 CFR Section 2.106, the Table of Frequency Alloca-tions. This table was amended to include the 9-10 kHz band bythe Second Report and Order in Docket No. 80-739, 54 RR 2d1500 (1983).

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