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Flora Assessment

of

PORTION 330 DOORNKLOOF 391 JR

November 2009

Report author: J.V. van Greuning (Pr.Sci.Nat: D.Sc)

Flora Report: Portion 330 of Doornkloof November 2009 1 of 23 pages

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................3 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY.............................................................3 3. SCOPE OF STUDY ..............................................................................3 4. STUDY AREA .......................................................................................3 5. METHODS ............................................................................................4 6. RESULTS..............................................................................................5

6.1 PLANT COMMUNITIES.....................................................................5 6.2 MEDICINAL SPECIES.......................................................................5 6.3 ALIEN SPECIES................................................................................6 6.4 ORANGE LISTED SPECIES .............................................................6 6.5 RED LISTED SPECIES.....................................................................6 6.6 VEGETATION IN THE DRAINAGE ZONE (Study unit A)..................6 6.7 VEGETATION IN DOLOMITE GRASSLAND (Study unit B)..............9 6.8 DUMPING SITES (Study unit C) .....................................................13

7. FINDINGS AND POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS ...................................15 8. RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES ....................................15 9. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................17 10. LITERATURE SOURCES ...................................................................18 APPENDIX A: RED/ORANGE LIST INFORMATION FOR 2528CC. .............19 ADDENDUM B: PLANT SPECIES RECORDED ON THE STUDY SITE.......20

FIGURES: Figure 1: Locality map of the study area ..........................................................4 Figure 2: Aerial view of the study site indicating study units A, B and C. .........5 Figure 3: Grass and forb species in the drainage zone viewed to the south. ...6 Figure 4: Tree species in the drainage zone viewed to the north.....................7 Figure 5: Dolomite outcrop west of the drainage zone.....................................9 Figure 6: Celtis africana and Ziziphus mucronata on a rocky outcrop............10 Figure 7: Alien tree species on the old dumping site .....................................13 Figure 8: The recent dumping site near the northern border..........................14 Figure 9: An extraordinary tall specimen of Searsia pyroides. .......................16 Figure 10: The dam to the east near the off ramp..........................................16 Figure 11: The drainage zone viewed to the north.........................................17 Figure 12: Vegetation sensitivity map ............................................................17

TABLES: Table 1: Number of medicinal plant species in the different study units...........5 Table 2: Number of alien species in each study unit........................................6 Table 3: Plant species recorded in the Drainage zone.....................................7 Table 4: Plant species recorded in the Dolomite Grassland. .........................10 Table 5: Plant species recorded in the Dolomite grassland. ..........................14


1. INTRODUCTION A botanical study was conducted on Portion 330 of the Farm Doornkloof 391 JR. The objective of the study was to assess the sensitivity of the vegetation on the site and to list the plant species occurring in the study area. Special attention was paid to the presence of Red Data species, Orange Listed species, alien species and medicinal species. The current ecological status and the conservation priority of the vegetation were assessed. 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

• To assess the current habitat and conservation status on the study site.

• To list the species on the site and to recommend necessary actions in case of occurrence of endangered, vulnerable or rare species.

• To highlight potential impacts of development on the vegetation of the site.

• To provide management recommendations to mitigate negative and enhance positive impacts should the proposed development be approved.

3. SCOPE OF STUDY

• All plant species discernable at the date of the survey are listed.

• Medicinal and alien species are indicated with symbols in the tables.

• The ecological sensitivity and conservation priority of the vegetation are evaluated.

• Measures to minimize negative impact of development on the vegetation are suggested.

4. STUDY AREA The 80 ha study site is located in the quarter degree grid cell 2528 CC, at altitude 1460 to 1527m. It is situated west of the R21 and south of Nellmapius drive (figure 1). It falls in the Carltonville Dolomite Grassland, described by Mucina and Rutherford (2006) as a species rich grassland with shallow soil and slightly undulating plains on dolomite dissected by prominent chert ridges. This vegetation unit is considered vulnerable because almost 25% of it is already transformed by cultivation, urbanization, mining and dam building (Mucina & Rutherford 2006). The study site slopes steeply down from the far western border to the east. A drainage zone about 30 m wide, is moderately inclined from north to the Sesmylspruit at the southern border of the site. The topography is predominantly undulating rocky grassland. A few isolated stands of Acacia karroo occur at localities where the soil is deep, sandy loam, Celtis africana, Rhus pyroides and Protea welwitschii on rocky outcrops and exotic tree and shrub species at dumping sites. As the study site is completely surrounded by roads and built up areas, no connectivity exists with nearby natural vegetation. The property is currently not used except for illegal dumping of rubble.


Figure 1: Locality map of the study area

Study site

5. METHODS Information about the Red and Orange listed species recorded from the quarter degree grid cell was obtained from GDARD (Addendum A). Particulars about habitat preference and Red List species guidelines were studied before visiting the study site. The survey was carried out on 27 October 2009. The site was divided into three study units and all plant species observed in each unit were recorded. In each unit different localities were sampled and scanned in a crisscross pattern. Species that could not be identified on the site were collected and identified in the HGWJ Schweickerdt Herbarium at the University of Pretoria. Special effort was made to scrutinise for Red Data species likely to occur in different habitats on the study site (Addendum A).


6. RESULTS 6.1 PLANT COMMUNITIES No plant communities could be delineated on the study site. For convenience the site was divided into three study units (figure 2): Study unit A: Drainage zone, draining rainwater from north to south. Study unit B: Dolomite grassland. Study unit C: Old and recent dumping sites dominated by alien tree species (alien

species near the dam included).

Figure 2: Aerial view of the study site indicating study units A, B and C.

6.2 MEDICINAL SPECIES The medicinal plant species are indicated in tables 3, 4 and 5. Of the 194 species recorded on the site, 18 species were reported to have medicinal properties (Van Wyk et al. 2002; Van Wyk & Wink 2004). Table 1: Number of medicinal plant species in the different study units.

Unit Total no. of species No. of medicinal species

Drainage zone 101 9 Dolomite grassland 137 14 Dumping sites 29 4


6.3 ALIEN SPECIES The alien plant species are indicated in the tables (table 3, 4 and 5) with an asterisk. The diversity of alien species is low, except at the dumping sites. The names of Category 1 Declared weeds are printed in bold and the removal of these plants is compulsory. Table 2: Number of alien species in each study unit.

Unit No. of species

Cat.1 Cat. 2 Cat. 3 Not declared

Drainage zone 12 3 0 1 8 Dolomite grassland 15 6 1 2 6 Dumping sites 16 3 4 1 8

6.4 ORANGE LISTED SPECIES Hypoxis hemerocallidea is the only Orange Listed species that was found on the study site. 6.5 RED LISTED SPECIES The habitat on the study site is suitable for four Red Data species listed in addendum A but none were found. 6.6 VEGETATION IN THE DRAINAGE ZONE (Study unit A) The soil in this section is dark sandy loam and fertile. Grass and forb species are the dominant components of the vegetation (figure 3). Only early flowering grass species could be identified. Searsia pyroides, Searsia discolor, Acacia karroo, Asparagus laricinus and the exotic Morus alba are the only woody species scantily occurring in this unit (figure 4). Nine of the 101 species recorded in this section are known to have medicinal properties while 12 species are alien (9 %). Three species are Category 1 Declared weeds. This unit supports a high diversity of plant species, particularly geophytes of which at least seven are Hypoxis species and subspecies. The vegetation in this study unit is considered sensitive.

Figure 3: Grass and forb species in the drainage zone viewed to the south.


Figure 4: Tree species in the drainage zone viewed to the north.

Table 3: Plant species recorded in the Drainage zone. Alien species are indicated by * and medicinal species by ♥.

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Acacia karroo♥ Sweet thorn Acalypha angustata var. glabra Copper leaf Albuca setosa Slymuintjie Alloteropsis semialata Black-seed grass Anthospermum hispidulum Artemisia afra♥ African wormwood Asparagus laricinus Wild asparagus Aster harveyanus Wild asparagus Berkheya radula Boesmansrietjie Berkheya setifera Rasperdisseldoring Brachiaria serrata Velvet signal grass Campuloclinium macrocephalum* Pom pom weed Chaetacanthus costatus Convolvulus sagittatus Conyza podocephala Corchorus asplenifolius Cucumis zeyheri Cyanotis speciosa Doll’s powderpuff Cynodon dactylon Coach grass Cynoglossum lanceolatum Dimorphotheca spectabilis Bloubietou Diospyros lycioides subsp. guerkei Bloubos Elephantorrhiza elephantina♥ Elephant’s root Elionurus muticus Wire grass Eragrostis capensis Heart-seed love grass Eragrostis chloromelas Curly leaf Eragrostis curvula Weeping love grass Eriosema burkei Eriosema cordatum Eucomis sp. Felicia muricata subsp. muricata Gerbera viridifolia Helichrysum rotundatum Vaalteebossie


SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Helichrysum rugulosum Hemizygia pretoriae subsp. pretoriae Hermannia depressa Rooi-opslag Hibiscus aethiopicus var. ovatus Hibiscus microcarpus Hyparrhenia hirta Common thatching grass Hypoxis acuminata Hypoxis argentea var. sericea Hypoxis hemerocallidea♥ Gifbol Hypoxis iridifolia Hypoxis multiceps Hypoxis rigidula var. pilosissima Hypoxis rigidula var. rigidula Indigofera hedyantha Aambeibossie Indigofera hilaris Ipomoea bathycolpos Veldsambreeltjies Ipomoea bolusiana Ipomoea crassipes Ipomoea ommanneyi Beespatat Justicia anagaloides Kohautia amatymbica Lactuca inermis Ledebouria ovatifolia Ledebouria revoluta Lepidium bonariense* Pepper weed Lippia javanica♥ Fever tea Lotononis calycina Lotononis laxa Melinis nerviglumis Bristle-leaved red top Morus alba* White mulberry Ocimum obovatum Oenothera rosea* Rose evening primrose Oenothera tetraptera* White evening primrose Ornithogalum tenuifolium subsp. tenuifolium

Bosui

Oxalis obliquifolia Sorrel Pelargonium luridum♥ Pennisetum clandestinum* Kikuju grass Pentanissia angustifolia Peucedanum magalismontanum Wild parsley Plantago lanceolata* Narrow-leaved plantain Plantago virginica Pollichia campestris Waxberry Polygala amatymbica Raphanus raphanistrum* Wild radish Rhynchosia nervosa var. nervosa Rhynchosia totta Salvia runcinata Wildesalie Scabiosa columbaria♥ Wild scabious Schistostephium crataegifolium Bergkruie Searsia discolor


SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Searsia pyroides Common wild currant Senecio erubescens var. crepidifolius Senecio inornatus Senecio lydenburgensis Setaria sphacelata var. sphacelata Common bristle grass Sida dregei Spider-leg Solanum elaeagnifolium* Silver-leaf bitter apple Sphenostylis angustifolia Wild sweet pea Tecoma stans* Yellow bells Teucrium trifidum Koorsbossie Themeda triandra Red grass Thesium costatum Thesium transvaalensis Verbena bonariensis* Wild verbena Vernonia oligocephala♥ Bitterbossie Vigna vexillata Xysmalobium undulatum♥ Bitterhout Ziziphus zeyheriana Dwarf buffalo thorn

6.7 VEGETATION IN DOLOMITE GRASSLAND (Study unit B) The soil in this section is shallow, sandy loam between numerous dolomite rocky outcrops. The vegetation is dominated by grass, forb and geophyte species (Figure 5). Small tree and shrub species such as Ziziphys mucronata, Kiggelaria africana, Celtis africana and Protea welwitschii occur near rocky outcrops (figure 6). Owing to diverse habitats, the diversity of natural vegetation is high. Alien species such as Melia azedarach, Morus alba and Acacia mearnsii are sparsely present. Of the 137 species recorded in this section, 14 were reported to have medicinal properties and 15 are alien species (11%), of which six are Category 1 Declared weeds. Because of the development of adjacent Cornwall Hill and road building activities, the vegetation has no connectivity with natural grassland, has a low conservation priority and is therefore not considered sensitive.

Figure 5: Dolomite outcrop west of the drainage zone.


Figure 6: Celtis africana and Ziziphus mucronata growing on a rocky outcrop.

Table 4: Plant species recorded in the Dolomite Grassland. Alien species are indicated by * and medicinal species by ♥

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Acacia karroo♥ Sweet thorn Acacia mearnsii* Black wattle Acalypha angustata var. glabra Copper leaf Aloe greatheadii Transvaalaalwyn Anthospermum hispidulum Argemone ochroleuca subsp. ochroleuca*

Mexican poppy

Aristida congesta subsp. barbicollis Spreading three-awn Asclepias fallax Asparagus laricinus Wild asparagus Asparagus suaveolens Wild asparagus Aster harveyanus Bloublommetjie Boophane disticha♥ Bushman poison bulb Brachiaria serrata Velvet signal grass Bulbostylis burchellii Campuloclinium macrocephalum* Pom pom grass Celtis africana White stinkwood Chaetacanthus costatus Chamaecrista comosa var. capricornia Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. canescens

Bushtick

Commelina sp. Conyza podocephala Corchorus asplenifolius Crassula capitella subsp. nodulosa Cucumis zeyheri Cussonia paniculata subsp. sinuata Highveld cabbage tree Cyanotis speciosa Doll’s powder puff Cycnium adonense Ink plant


SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Cymbopogon caesius Broad-leaved turpentine grass Cynodon dactylon Coach grass Cyperus obtusiflorus var. obtusiflorus Dianthus mooiensis subsp. mooiensis Wild pink Digitaria monodactyla One-finger grass Diospyros lycioides subsp. guerkei Bloubos Ehretia rigida Puzzle-bush Elephantorrhiza elephantina♥ Elephant’s root Elionurus muticus Wire grass Eragrostis capensis Heart-seed love grass Eragrostis chloromelas Curly leaf Eragrostis curvula Weeping love grass Eragrostis racemosa Narrow heart love grass Eriosema burkei Eriospermum cooperi Euclea crispa subsp. crispa Guarri Euphorbia clavaroides var. truncata Vingerpol Felicia muricata subsp. muricata Gazania krebsiana Botterblom Gerbera viridifolia Gladiolus woodii Gnidia capitata Kerrieblom Graderia subintegra Wild penstemon Helichrysum caespititium Speelwonderboom Helichrysum nudifolium♥ Hottentot’s tea Helichrysum rotundatum Vaaltebossie Helichrysum rugulosum Hemizygia pretoriae subsp. pretoriae Heteropogon contortus Spear grass Hibiscus engleri Wild hibiscus Hyparrhenia hirta Common thatching grass Hypoxis acuminata Hypoxis argentea subsp. sericea. Hypoxis hemerocallidea♥ Gifbol Hypoxis iridifolia Hypoxis rigidula subsp. pilosissima Hypoxis rigidula subsp. rigidula Indigofera hedyantha Aambeibossie Indigofera hilaris Ipomoea crassipes Ipomoea ommanneyi Beespatat Jatropha lagarinthoides Justicia anagaloides Kiggelaria africana Wild peach Kohautia amatymbica Lannea edulis♥ Wild grape Lantana rugosa Bird’s brandy Ledebouria ovatifolia Leonotis intermedia Wild dagga Lippia javanica♥ Fever tea Lotononis calycina


SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Lotononis laxa Melia azedarach* Syringa Melinis nerviglumis Bristle leaved red top Microchloa caffra Pincushion grass Morus alba* White mulberry Nolletia rarifolia Parinari capensis subsp. capensis Dwarf mobola Pearsonia sessilifolia subsp. sessilifolia Pellaea calomelanos♥ Black cliff brake Pentanisia angustifolia Pentarrhinum insipidum African heartvine Phytolacca octandra* Inkberry Plantago virginica* Pollichia campestris Waxberry Polygala amatymbica Protea welwitschii Psammotropha myriantha Pseudognaphalium luteo-album* Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri Sand apple Raphionachme hirsuta Khadi-root Rhynchosia nervosa var. nervosa Rhynchosia totta Rhynchosia venulosa Richardia brasiliensis Tropical richardia Scabiosa columbaria♥ Wild scabious Scolopia zeyheri Thorn pear Searsia lancea Karee Searsia magalismontana Bergtaaibos Searsia pyroides Common wild currant Senecio coronatus Sybossie Senecio harveianus Senecio inornatus Senecio oxyriifolius False nasturtium Senecio venosus Seriphium plumosum Bankrupt bush Setaria sphacelata var. sphacelata Common bristle grass Sida dregei Spider-leg Silene burchellii var. burchellii Gunpowder plant Solanum elaeagnifolium* Silver-leaf bitter apple Solanum mauritianum* Bug weed Solanum sisymbrifolium* Wild tomato Sphenostylis angustifolia Wild sweet pea Sporobolus pectinatus Tagetes minuta* Tall khaki weed Tephrosia capensis var. capensis Themeda triandra Red grass Thesium transvaalensis Thesium utile Besembossie Triraphis andropogonoides Brown needle grass Tristachya biseriata Trident grass Verbena bonariensis* Wild verbena


SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Vernonia galpinii Perskwasbossie Vernonia natalensis Vernonia oligocephala♥ Bitterbossie Xanthium strumarium* Large cocclebur Xerophyta retinervis♥ Monkey’s tail Xysmalobium undulatum♥ Bitterhout Zanthoxylum capense♥ Small knobwood Ziziphus mucronata♥ Buffalo thorn

6.8 DUMPING SITES (Study unit C) The old dumping site at the western end of the study site is dominated by alien tree species and ruderals such as Datura stramonium and Amaranthus hybridus (figure 7). The stands of Eucalyptus sp. and Acacia mearnsii to the northwest near the off ramp and the recent dumping site at the northern border (figure 8) are included in this study unit. Of the 29 species recorded in this section, four were reported to have medicinal properties and 16 are alien species (55%), of which three are Category 1 Declared weeds. The study unit is dominated by alien species. Acacia karroo and Acacia sieberiana are the only indigenous woody species; therefore the vegetation has low sensitivity.

Figure 7: Alien tree species on the old dumping site near the western border.


Figure 8: The recent dumping site near the northern border.

Table 5: Plant species recorded in the Dolomite grassland. Alien species are indicated by * and medicinal species by ♥

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Acacia karroo♥ Sweet thorn Acacia mearnsii* Black wattle Acacia sieberiana var. woodii Paper-barked thorn Agave americana* Alternanhera pungens* Khakiweed Amaranthus hybridus* Common pigweed Argemone ochroleuca subsp. ochroleuca*

Mexican poppy

Arundo donax* Spanish reed Bidens pilosa* Common blackjack Chenopodium album* White goosefoot Cleome gynandra Spider-wisp Commelina benghalensis Cynodon dactylon Coach grass Datura stramonium* ♥ Common thorn apple Eucalyptus sp.* Flaveria bidentis* Smelter’s bush Heteropogon contortus Spear grass Hyparrhenia hirta Common thatching grass Hyparrhenia tamba Blue thatching grass Leonotis intermedia Wild dagga Lippia javanica♥ Fever tea Melia azedarach* Syringa Pentarrhinum insipidum African heart vine Raphanus raphanistrum* Wild radish Ricinus communis*♥ Castor-oil plant Robinia pseudo-acacia* Black locust Sida dregei Spider-leg Talinum caffrum Ystervarkwortel


SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Tipuana tipu* Tipu tree

7. FINDINGS AND POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS The vegetation on study unit A is primary grassland and has a high conservation priority; that of study unit B is partly degraded and that of C is beyond rehabilitation. No Red Data or Orange Listed species were found on the study site. Category 1 Declared weeds occur but are nowhere in abundance. As the areas adjacent to the study site are already degraded, connectivity is nonexistent. Taking into account that the survey was performed in early spring, it can be assumed that the list of grass species is incomplete.

8. RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

The following mitigation measures were proposed by the specialist:

• Where possible, trees naturally growing on the site should be retained as part of the landscaping (figure 9).

The following mitigation measures were developed by GDARD in their minimum requirements for Biodiversity assessments, 2009 and are applicable to the study site:

• An appropriate management authority that must be contractually bound to implement the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Record of Decision (ROD) during the operational phase of the development should be identified and informed of their responsibilities in terms of the EMP and ROD.

• All areas designated as sensitive in a sensitivity mapping exercise should be incorporated into an open space system. Development should be located on the areas of lowest sensitivity.

• The Ecological Management Plan should: o include an ongoing monitoring and eradication programme for all non-

indigenous species, with specific emphasis on invasive and weedy species

o include a comprehensive surface runoff and storm water management plan, indicating how all surface runoff generated as a result of the development (during both the construction and operational phases) will be managed (e.g. artificial wetlands or storm water and flood retention ponds) prior to entering any natural drainage system or wetland and how surface runoff will be retained outside of any demarcated buffer or flood zones and subsequently released to simulate natural hydrological conditions

o ensure the persistence of all Red and Orange List species o minimize artificial edge effects (e.g. water runoff from developed areas

and application of chemicals) o result in a report back to the Directorate of Nature Conservation on an

annual basis.


Figure 9: An extraordinary tall specimen of Searsia pyroides.

Figure 10: The dam to the east near the off ramp.


Figure 11: The drainage zone viewed to the north.

9. CONCLUSION The drainage line vegetation of study unit A is primary grassland and considered sensitive and all possible measures should be taken to retain a 32 m buffer zone along the drainage line in situ. The area should be fenced in to prevent trampling of vegetation. The remaining vegetation on the greater part of the study site is not considered sensitive as a result of no connectivity with other grasslands, dumping and disturbance. It is important, however, that unnecessary destruction of plants, especially shrubs, trees, succulents and geophytes (figure 9) must be prevented.

Figure 12: Vegetation sensitivity map


10. LITERATURE SOURCES Bromilow, C. 2001. Problem plants of South Africa. Briza, Pretoria.

Germishuizen, G., Meyer, N.L., Steenkamp, Y., & Keith, M. 2006. A checklist of South African plants. SABONET report no. 41, Pretoria.

Golding, J.S. (ed.). 2002. Southern African plant red data lists. NBI, Pretoria.

Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants. ARC, Pretoria.

Low, A.B. & Rebelo, G. 1996. Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.

Mucina,L. & Rutherford, C. (eds.). 2006. The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. South African Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.

Pfab, M.F. & Victor. J.E. 2002. Threatened plants of Gauteng, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 68: 370-375.

Van Oudshoorn, F. 2002. Guide to grasses of southern Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria.

Van Wyk B-E, Van Oudshoorn B & Gericke N. 2002. Medicinal plants of South Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria.

Van Wyk, B. & Malan, S. 1988. Field guide to the wild flowers of the Witwatersrand and Pretoria region. Struik, Cape Town.

Van Wyk, B-E & Wink, M.2004. Medicinal plants of the world. An illustrated guide to important medicinal plants and their uses. Briza Publications, Pretoria.


APPENDIX A: RED/ORANGE LIST INFORMATION FOR THE Q.D.G.C. 2528CC.

Species Flowering Suitable habitat Priority

grouping Conservation

status Presence on

site

Brachycorythis conica subsp. transvaalensis

Jan-Mar Grassland A3 Vulnerable 1 Not found

Cheilanthes deltoidea

Nov-June Sheltered rock crevices on granite or gneiss

A2 Vulnerable 1 Not found

Cleome conrathii Mar-May Stony slopes, sandy soil, deciduous woodland

A3 Near threatened 1

Unsuitable habitat

Delosperma gautengense

Nov-April Among rocks in quartzite

A1 Vulnerable 1 Unsuitable habitat

Habenaria barbertoni

Feb-Mar Grassland on rocky hillsides


Unsuitable habitat

Habenaria kraenzliniana

Feb-April On stony, grassy hillsides


Unsuitable habitat

Habenaria mossii Mar-Apr Open grassland on dolomite or in black sandy soil

A1 Endangered 1 Not found

Holothrix randii Sept-Jan Grassy slopes and rocky ledges

B Near threatened 2

Unsuitable habitat

Hypoxis hemerocallidea

Sept-Mar Grassland and mixed woodland

- Declining 2 Found

Melolobium subspicatum

Sep-May Grassland A1 Vulnerable 1 Not found

Trachyandra erythrorrhiza

Sept-Nov Marshy areas, grassland


Unsuitable habitat


ADDENDUM B: PLANT SPECIES RECORDED ON THE STUDY SITE.

ACANTHACEAE Chaetacanthus costatus Justicia anagalloides AGAVACEAE Agave americana AMARANTHACEAE Alternanthera pungens Amaranthus hybridus

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Boophane disticha

ANACARDIACEAE Lannea edulis Searsia discolor Searsia magalismontana Searsia lancea Searsia pyroides APIACEAE Peucedanum magalismontanum APOCYNACEAE Asclepias fallax Pentarrhinum insipidum Raphionachme hirsuta Xysmalobium undulatum ARALIACEAE Cussonia paniculata ASTERACEAE Artemisia afra Aster harveyanus Berkheya radula Berkheya setifera Bidens pilosa Campuloclinium macrocephalum Chrysanthemoides monilifera Conyza podocephala Dimorphotheca spectabilis Felicia muricata Flaveria bidentis Gazania krebsiana Gerbera viridifolia

Helichrysum nudifolium Helichrysum rotundatum Helichrysum rugulosum Lactuca inermis Nolletia rarifolia Pseudognaphalium luteo-album Schistostephium crataegifolium Senecio coronatus Senecio erubescens Senecio harveianus Senecio inornatus Senecio lydenburgensis Senecio oxyriifolius Senecio venosus Seriphium plumosum Tagetes minuta Vernonia galpinii Vernonia natalensis Vernonia oligocephala Xanthium strumarium BIGNONIACEAE Tecoma stans BORAGINACEAE Cynoglossum lanceolatum BRASSICACEAE Lepidium bonariense Raphanus raphanistrum CARYOPHYLLACEAE Dianthus mooiensis Pollichia campestris Silene burchellii CAESALPINIACEAE Chamaecrista comosa CELTIDACEAE Celtis africana CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium album Robinia pseudo-acacia Sphenostylis angustifolia Tephrosia capensis Vigna vexillata


Helichrysum caespititium CHRYSOBALANACEAE Parinari capensis CLEOMACEAE Cleome gynandra COMMELINACEAE Commelina benghalensis Commelina sp. Cyanotis speciosa CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus sagittatus Ipomoea bathycolpos Ipomoea bolusiana Ipomoea crassipes Ipomoea ommanneyi CRASSULACEAE Crassula capitella CUCURBITACEAE Cucumis zeyheri CYPERACEAE Bulbostylis burchellii Cyperus obtusiflorus DIPSACACEAE Scabiosa columbaria EBENACEAE Diospyros lycioides Euclea crispa EHRETIACEAE Ehretia rigida EUPHORBIACEAE Acalypha angustata Euphorbia clavaroides Jatropha lagarinthoides Ricinis communis FABACEAE Eriosema burkei Eriosema cordatum Indigofera hilaris Indigofera hedyantha Lotononis calycina Lotononis laxa Pearsonia sessilifolia Rhynchosia nervosa

FLACOURTIACEAE Kiggelaria africana Scolopia zeyheri GERANIACEAE Pelargonium luridum HYPOXIDACEAE Hypoxis acuminata Hypoxis argentea var. sericea Hypoxis hemerocallidea Hypoxis iridifolia Hypoxis multiceps Hypoxis rigidula var. pilosissima Hypoxis rigidula var. rigidula IRIDACEAE Gladiolus woodii LAMIACEAE Hemizigia pretoriae Leonotis intermedia Ocimum obovatum Salvia runcinata Teucrium trifidum LILIACEAE Albuca setosa Aloe greatheadii Asparagus laricinus Asparagus suaveolens Boophane disticha Eriospermum cooperi Eucomis sp. Ledebouria obovata Ledebouria revoluta Ornithogalum tenuifolium MALVACEAE Hibiscus aethiopicus var. ovatus Hibiscus engleri Hibiscus microcarpus Sida dregei MELIACEAE Melia azedarach Sporobolus pectinatus Themeda triandra Triraphis andropogonoides Tristachya biseriata


Rhynchosia totta Rhynchosia venulosa MIMOSACEAE Acacia karroo Acacia mearnsii Acacia sieberiana Elephantorrhiza elephantina MOLLUGINACEAE Psammotropha myriantha MORACEAE Morus alba MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus sp. ONAGRACEAE Oenothera rosea Oenothera tetraptera OROBANCHACEAE Cycnium adonense OXALIDACEAE Oxalis obliquifolia PAPAVERACEAE Argemone ochroleuca PHYTOLACCACEAE Phytolacca octandra PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago lanceolata Plantago virginica POACEAE Alloteropsis semialata Aristida congesta subsp. barbicollis Arundo donax Brachiaria serrata Cymbopogon caesius Cynodon dactylon Digitaria monodactyla Elionurus muticus Eragrostis capensis Eragrostis chloromelas Eragrostis curvula Eragrostis racemosa Heteropogon contortus Hyparrhenia hirta Hyparrhenia tamba Melinis nerviglumis

POLYGALACEAE Polygala amatymbica PORTULACACEAE Talinum caffrum PROTEACEAE Protea welwitschii PTERIDACEAE Pellaea calomelanos RHAMNACEAE Ziziphus mucronata Ziziphus zeyheriana RUBIACEAE Anthospermum hispidulum Kohautia amatymbica Pentanisia angustifolia Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri Richardia brasiliensis RUTACEAE Zanthoxylum capense SANTALACEAE Thesium costatum Thesium transvaalensis Thesium utile SCROPHULARIACEAE Graderia subintegra SOLANACEAE Datura stramonium Solanum elaeagnifolium Solanum mauritianum Solanum sisymbriifolium STERCULIACEAE Hermannia depressa THYMELAEAECEAE Gnidia capitata TILIACEAE Corchorus asplenifolius VERBENACEAE Lantana rugosa Lippia javanica Verbena bonariensis


Microchloa caffra Pennisetum clandestinum Setaria sphacelata VELOZIACEAE Xerophyta retinervis


fauna and flora specialists - cornwallhill.co.za c/appendix c6/doornkloof ptn... · fauna and flora...

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