fast track proposal final
TRANSCRIPT
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1. Broad Subject Area
Earth & Atmospheric Sciences
2. Specialization
Structural Geology
3. Title of the proposed project
Mantle-lithosphere mechanical interaction in the formation of large scale tectonic boundaries: an
investigation through numerical simulations
4. Name and address of the Investigator
Shamik Sarkar
Department of Geological Sciences
Jadavpur University, Kolkata - 700032
Email : [email protected],
Ph. 033-24146666 ext. 2364
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5. Detail of the proposed project to be undertaken:
Mantle-lithosphere mechanical interaction in the
formation of large scale tectonic boundaries: an
investigation through numerical simulations
Definition of problem
Using numerical methods this project aims at studying a number of geodynamic phenomena that
are yet to be investigated in detail. An outline of these issues is presented below.
An outstanding problem in plate tectonics is concerned with the subduction process of
lithospheric plates in convergent boundaries. A continuous plate is believed to be fragmented into two
pieces, where one of them subducts beneath the other. This project intends to investigate the nature of
plate deformation taking place just before the event of fragmentation. It is expected that lithospheric
plates undergo localized deformations with some specific patterns, allowing a subduction zone to initiate.
A direction of this study will aim to address a fundamental question- what are the patterns of deformation
localization in plate scale, and how they depend on geological factors, such as rheology, density
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variations etc. and dynamic conditions at the lithosphere-mantle interface. The proposed study will enable
us to develop a concrete model for the mechanics of subduction initiation.
Lithospheric slabs are mechanically stiffer than the underlying mantle. Their average viscosity
(1023 PaS) is about hundred times that of the mantle (1021 PaS). Thus, subducting slabs perturbs the
kinematic state of the ambient mantle region. The pattern of such flow perturbations depends on the
nature of slab movement. There are two issues: 1) characterizing flexural deformations versus downward
movement ratios and 2) how this slab motion influences the pattern of flow perturbation. A direction of
the proposed project will attempt to resolve this problem, considering composite density structure of
lithospheric plates (Ganguly et al. 2008). Flexural lithospheric deformations influence shallower level
geological processes, e.g. development of forebulge in front of orogens, localization of faults and
seismicity. This proposed work intends to investigate the origin of these geological phenomena in
relation to flexural deformations of subducting lithospheric slabs.
The process of subduction in nature occurs in a spherical space. However, existing models mostly
deal with Cartesian space either in three or two dimensions, giving little attention to the problem of space
accommodation in the third dimension. In this project an issue is to resolve a fundamental problem- what
is the mechanism of trench-parallel length shortening of a subducting lithospheric slab in a spherical
space. This poses another problem concerning the modification of three-dimensional plate geometry in
chemically non-equilibrium states of the slabs in the mantle.
Large-scale mantle plumes travel upward with a high velocity, and can finally hit the lithosphere.
This interaction leads to stress localization, resulting in damage of the lithospheric plate. Seismological
studies reveal that lithospheric masses can be strongly mechanically anisotropic in large scale. We do not
have much analysis showing the nature of plume-driven damages in anisotropic plates. A focus of the
proposed study will be to investigate the role of anisotropy in stress distribution in lithospheric plates
overlying plumes. As an extension of this problem, the project will attempt to address the issue of fault
developments along mid-oceanic ridges.
Origin of proposal
The principal investigator of this project proposal has been carrying out studies on subduction-
related phenomena by employing numerical models for the last couples of years. For example, his recent
work shows different patterns of flow perturbation as a function of rotational and translational motion of
subducting slabs. In the course of this study it is felt that a complete picture of the phenomenon demands
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an understanding of the process of subduction initiation. There is a large volume of work available in the
literature on subduction zones. However, they mostly describe the processes associated with a
lithospheric plate subducting beneath another plate, giving little attention to how a mechanically
continuous lithosphere can rupture into two segments along the convergent zones of convecting mantle.
The present proposal will aim to analyze the mode of deformation localization in a lithospheric plate
required for initiation of subduction zones, and physical factors controlling such deformation localization.
In a recent study it has been shown that excess overburden caused by sediment pile can develop localized
deformations under specific rheological conditions (Lavier and Steckler, 1997). However, this model
probably explains the process of subduction initiation in limited tectonic conditions. Present day
observations show oceanic trenches without any association of such huge sediment piles. Furthermore,
they often localize along the ocean-continent boundary, e.g. Andes in South America. We therefore need
to find a mechanical model which can be applied universally to natural subduction zones. Development of
this kind of model would require additional geological factors and dynamic boundary conditions. With
this backdrop, this project is proposed to investigate the pattern of possible deformation localization in
lithosphere, considering the dynamics of underlying mantle.
Understanding the process of subduction initiation provides a first hand clue to the theory of the
plate tectonics (Silver and Behn, 2008). An outstanding controversy in earth science pivots on an issue-
when did plate tectonic start to operate in the history of Earth’s evolution? In order to resolve this
question, many workers have used different cooling models, mainly aiming at generation of lithospheric
plates along divergent zones of convecting mantle. However, the history of plate tectonics must be
constrained with the timing of subduction initiation. Plate tectonics is unlikely to operate unless
subduction processes operate simultaneously. A line of studies in the proposed project will also make an
attempt for exploring the probable nature of plate consuming processes in the Archean time.
The process of lithospheric flexural deformation is a phenomenon virtually ubiquitous in all
subdction zones. Earth scientists look at the phenomenon from different direction. A group of workers
have studied the flexural deformation in order to explain several surface features, such as foreland basins,
foreland bulge in front of mountain belts, like the Himalaya (DeCelles et al, 2001). On other hand, some
workers are concerned with plate motion inside the mantle, where flexural deformation plays a crucial
role. It is now a well-established fact that the density contrast between lithospheric slab and the ambient
mantle is the prime factor controlling the flexural deformation. However, density structures of a slab are
poorly understood, and a subject of great interest in geodynamics (Ganguly et al, 2008). Preliminary
studies by the PI show that the nature of flow perturbations can change dramatically due to varying by
flexural deformations. In continuation of this study, a direction of the proposed study intends to
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investigate the process of flexural deformations in detail. Existing models take into account bending of
lithospheric plates in uniform mantle condition. The present project proposes to study the deformation
behaviour in view of varying density gradients in both subducting lithosphere and mantle.
Divergent tectonics control many geological phenomena, such as rifts and mid-oceanic ridges
(MOR). The proposed work of this project intends to deal with MOR structures. A MOR
characteristically contains transverse disruptions, which are described as transform and transcurrent
faults, a type of strike-slip faults. The origin of these transverse faults is still poorly understood. We
conducted some preliminary experiments, keeping a thin sand layer on a ductile medium. Convection-
type flow was simulated in the ductile medium. The experiments produced extensional ruptures similar to
MOR parallel to the convection axis. However, no fractures developed across the MOR. It appears that
the development of such transverse fractures involves additional physical factors, which need to be
investigated further. According to Anderson’s theory, divergent zones are likely to develop stress fields
that can form normal faults, but not strike-slip faults. There have been scanty attempts, either theoretical
or experiments on this issue. Using physical experiments, backed by numerical models, the proposed
work intends to find the conditions required for formation of transform-like transverse fractures in
divergent regimes.
There are several secondary processes that operate with primary geodynamic processes, e.g.
subduction. A lithospheric plate undergoes internal deformation due stresses acting along the transport
direction. These stresses can develop due several reasons, such flexural bending, density-controlled
stretching or contraction. A lithospheric plate can also undergo lateral deformation during its subduction,
which is not well explored. There have been some numerical studies, which are most concerned with
trench-parallel flow in the mantle. Furthermore, the studies are based on Cartesian space, where the
lateral dimension of lithospheric plates is conserved during subduction. In this proposed project we intend
to study the deformation behaviour of subducting slab in a spherical space, depicting the real case. Using
numerical models the proposed work intends to estimate the lateral stress possible in a lithospheric slab,
undergoing subduction in thermodynamically stable or unstable states.
Generation of thermal plumes is another secondary processe in the convection mantle. Hot
plumes of lesser density rise upward in the mantle of higher density, and sometimes interact with the
uppermost lithospheric layer. The lithosphere behaves like an elastic-plastic layer on the time scale of
plume emplacement. Preliminary numerical experiments show that plumes show complex internal flow.
The proposed study will attempt for analyzing the deformation of such lithospheric slab by taking into
account such internal flow.
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Research work engaged in at present
The author is engaged in analyzing mechanical disturbances in different natural systems. The natural
systems span from human body to geological earth system and the mechanical forces may be an
externally induced impact or may emanate from internal failures, which cause perceptible damages. The
mode of analyses carried out by the author is majorly numerical model technique, but physical
experiments were done sometimes as well.
The PI has done his PhD (2002-2006) in biomechanics by modeling of human head under dynamic
impact conditions. Short term impact forces, caused by traffic/domestic accidents induce mechanical
vibration in skull-brain complex and render traumatic injuries in brain tissues. A four-parameter (spring-
dashpot) visco-elastic material model has been employed to represent brain tissue response under impact
from different directions. Numerical model of structurally realistic skull-brain complex has been created
utilizing CT scan data of human head, and impact situations have been simulated through dynamic Finite
Element codes.
The PI was engaged in Post Doctoral work in Jadavpur University (2006-2007) dealing with strain
localization in viscoelastic rock. The PI also got involved in numerical modeling of deformation analysis
of large scale mountain belts, stress distribution around a fluid mass injecting into a viscoelastic medium,
and deformation of viscoelastic layers embedded in another viscoelastic layer and the phenomenon of
plume growth using computational fluid dynamics. These works helped to make an understanding of the
large scale geological system and mechanical disturbances upon earth.
The PI continued Post Doctoral research in IISER-Kolkata (2007 onward) in Collaboration with
Prof. Nibir Mandal. During this research, perturbation in mantle around a subducting lithospheric slab has
been modeled and studied. Density differential in both lithosphere and surrounding mantle affects the
mantle flow dynamics, which has been studied thoroughly. The initiation of ocean-continent subduction
of lithospheric plate is being modeled keeping isostacy in mind. The author is studying the deformation
localization in coulomb layer and its implication on thrust formation in mountain belts. This author has
also numerically modeled ferroelectric domain formation applying external field as boundary condition,
during this post doctoral work. At present PI is working with the Geodynamic group at Jadavpur
University.
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Recent Publication :
Kumar N., Sarkar S. and N. Mandal (2010) Numerical Modeling of Flow Patterns around Subducting
Slabs in a Viscoelastic Medium and its Implications in the Lithospheric Stress Analysis. Journal of the
Geological Society of India, vol. 75, no. 1 (Special Issue ), pp 98-110.
Nibir Mandal, Atin Kumar Mitra, Shamik Sarkar and Chandan Chakraborty, (2009) Numerical
estimation of the initial hinge-line irregularity required for the development of sheath folds: A pure shear
model, Journal of Structural Geology Volume 31, Issue 10, October 2009, Pages 1161-1173.
Manas Kumar Roy, Shamik Sarkar, and Sushanta Dattagupta (2009) Evolution of 180°, 90°, and vortex
domains in ferroelectric films Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 192905.
M. Y. Mahmoud, A. K. Mitra, R. Dhar, S. Sarkar and N. Mandal (2007) Repeated emplacement of
syntectonic pegmatites in Precambrian Granite Gneisses: indication of pulsating brittle-ductile rheological
transitions. Published in International Conference Journal on Indian Dykes’07, BHU, Narosa Publishing
House.
Objective of the proposed project
The principal objectives of the proposed project are to investigate the following geophysical
phenomena:
1. Mechanics of subduction initiation in convergent zones, taking into account the effect of mantle-
lithosphere interaction.
2. Characterization of flow patterns around subducting slabs as a function of their kinematic and physical
properties, such density gradient.
3. Mode of lateral deformation of subducting lithosphere in spherical space with both thermodynamically
equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions.
4. Analysis of 3D stress field across mid-oceanic ridges, and formation of ridge-parallel and –across
ruptures.
5. Patterns of lithospheric deformation due to mantle plumes, considering their internal dynamics.
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Review of R&D in the proposed area
Two broad categories of views are found in literature about the initiation of subduction, one says
that as the lithosphere ages and cools down, it becomes heavier leading to eventual collapse, triggering
subduction. A fault at the lithosphere may determine the place of failure, but the causal phenomenon is
the density difference. This spontaneous initiation of subduction theory has been challenged by arguing
that there must be contribution from the convergence phenomenon. This ‘forced’ subduction theories go
further more, arguing that an externally applied compressive stresses is also needed, and even further, by
exhibiting numerically that the subduction in ocean-continent boundary may be an outcome of external
vertical loading on lithosphere (Lavier and Steckler, 1997). However this argument cannot explain the
subduction at ocean-ocean boundaries. And the ‘forced’ subduction theories need to explain how the
external compressive stress comes into the picture. For the ‘spontaneous’ subduction, the mechanism of
collapse due to density difference is put on question while simulating it numerically, leading to a
conclusion that the initiation of subduction is to be studied from the perspective of mantle-lithosphere
interaction. Actually, subduction initiation [is] probably the least well-understood aspect of plate tectonic
theory (Silver and Behn, 2008).
During subduction, lithospheric plate undergoes flexural deformation causing disturbance in mantle. The
dynamics of the mantle flow field in subduction zones remains poorly understood, though it is necessary
for understanding of subduction. Schelart (2004) carried out some fluid experiments to study subduction
induced flow in upper mantle. Long and Silver (2009) studied mantle flow beneath subducting slabs using
shear wave splitting measurements. Russo (2009) concludes that a trench-parallel, subslab anisotropy
develops when the lithosphere subducts. Kumar (2010) simulated mantle flow around subducting slab
numerically (present author is part of this study).
The lateral deformation of subducting plate is a topic that has drawn little attention of workers. Laravie
(1975) prepared a geometric model of subducting slab and comparing it with the island arc, he predicted
lateral extension at deeper levels.
The rising plume-lithosphere interaction has been studied by very few researchers. Saunders et al (1992)
studied consequences of this interaction and suggested that the successive plume could heat the
lithosphere and reduce the viscosity to the effect of rupturing the plate due to regional plate forces.
However the interaction has not been seen from the perspective of subducting lithosphere.
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Several discontinuities are noticed along the mid-oceanic ridges from high resolution images of the sea
floor resulting a re-view of the oceanic lithospheric plate dynamic (Macdonald 1988). These faults are
closely related to plate spreading (Buck et al 2005). The slow, intermediate and fast spreading rates at
ridges shape the gravity anomalies at transform faults (Gregg et al. 2007). The phenomenon of transform
fault is still not explained.
References:
Buck W. R., L. L. Lavier & Alexei N. B. Poliakov (2005) Modes of faulting at mid-ocean ridges. Modes
of faulting at mid-ocean ridges. Nature 434, 719-723. doi:10.1038/nature03358.
DeCelles, P. G. et al (2001) Stratigraphy, structure, and tectonic evolution of the Himalayan fold-thrust
belt in western Nepal. Tectonics, vol 20; part 4, pages 487-509
Ganguly, J., Freed, A.M. and Saxena, S.K. (2008) Density profiles of oceanic slabs and surrounding
mantle: Integrated thermodynamic and thermal modeling, and implications for the fate of slabs at the 660
km discontinuity. Physics Earth Planet. Int., doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2008.10.005.
Gregg et al. (2007) Spreading rate dependence of gravity anomalies along oceanic transform faults.
Nature 448, 183-187. doi:10.1038/nature05962.
Kumar N., Sarkar S. and N. Mandal (2010) Numerical Modeling of Flow Patterns around Subducting
Slabs in a Viscoelastic Medium and its Implications in the Lithospheric Stress Analysis. Journal of the
Geplogical Society of India, vol. 75, no. 1 (Special Issue on ), pp 98-110.
Lavier Luc L. & Michael S. Steckler (1997) The effect of sedimentary cover on the flexural strength of
continental lithosphere. Nature 389, 476-479. doi:10.1038/39004.
Long, M. D., and P. G. Silver (2009), Mantle flow in subduction systems: The subslab flow field and
implications for mantle dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B10312, doi:10.1029/2008JB006200.
Macdonald K. C. et al. (1988) A new view of the mid-ocean ridge from the behaviour of ridge-axis
discontinuities. Nature 335, 217 - 225; doi:10.1038/335217a0.
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P. M. Russo (2009) Subducted oceanic asthenosphere and upper mantle flow beneath the Juan de Fuca
slab, Lithosphere , v. 1 no. 4 p. 195-205, doi: 10.1130/L41.1.
Saunders A. D., M. Storey, R. W. Kent & M. J. Norry (1992) Magma Generation and Break-Up
Processes Consequences of plume-lithosphere interactions. Geological Society, London, Special
Publications; 1992; v. 68; p. 41-60; DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.04
Schellart, W. P. (2004), Kinematics of subduction and subduction-induced flow in the upper mantle, J.
Geophys. Res., 109, B07401, doi:10.1029/2004JB002970.
Shemenda, A I., (1994) Subduction: insights from physical modeling, Kluwer Academic Publisher,
Netherland, ISBN 0-7923-3042-0.
Silver, Paul G., Mark D. Behn. 4 January 2008. Intermittent Plate Tectonics? Science, Vol. 319, pp. 85-88
Work plan
The work is proposed to be carried out along three major steps: 1) literature review, preparation
of numerical models with greater geometric details and realistic material properties, 2) Numerical
simulations and validation of numerical results with available data, 3) Designing and running physical
model experiments.
Literature Review The literature review part is almost over by now. Some basic numerical models of
earth surfaces and interiors are already prepared.
Material Model Earth may be considered as viscoelastic, being viscous at tectonic time scale, and behave
like an elastic for shorter duration processes. The numerical models are based on this material
characteristic. The usual practice to model this kind of material behavior is to utilize spring-dashpot
combination to have a constitutive equation. Literature shows that the use of Maxwell viscoelastic models
is predominant in earth science research and present study will start considering earth interior as Maxwell
material. However the relaxation time of different parts of earth interior is different, depending on their
viscosities. The relaxation time may roughly be calculated as the ratio of viscosity and shear modulus of a
material undergoing viscoelastic deformation. The different relaxation behavior paves the way for
material anomaly causing shear at the material interface as well as within the material itself. However,
when the rising plume-lithosphere interaction is concerned, viscous fluid model obeying power law may
be an option to model the mantle.
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Validation Numerical results will be compared with the analogue model experiments and field
observation along with subsequent remodeling, if necessary. Analogue models of subduction initiation
may be developed following Shemenda (1994) who constructed the models of elastoplastic lithosphere
and semi-liquid asthenosphere utilizing a combination of paraffins, ceresins, mineral oils and finely
ground powders.
The whole process is subdivided into the following timeline:
1) Literature Review : 3 months
2) FE model : 2 yrs
3) Validation : 1 yr
Future plans
Knowledge about the tectonic movements, such as subduction initiation is still in very nascent stage. A
better understanding of these phenomena through numerical mantle-lithosphere interaction may open up
newer visions about how earth evolved and the geodynamic of earth system.
Details of the research funding received in the past and/ongoing projects
Following research funding received as fellowships:
1. Research Associate : IISER-Kolkata (From 7 November 2007 to 31 January 2010)
Detail of this work has been provided in the section titled ‘Research Work engaged in at Present’.
2. Research Fellow : Jadavpur University (From 21 June 2006 to 6 November 2007)
Detail of this work has been provided in the section titled ‘Research Work engaged in at Present’
3. CSIR Senior Research Fellow (From 2 June 2003 to 31 March 2006)
Detail of this work has been provided in the section titled ‘Research Work engaged in at Present’
4. Senior Research Fellow of a DST project (From 2nd October 2002 to 1st June 2003)
Ref. No. SR/S3/MECE/32/2002 from DST, Govt. of. India
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Title : Finite Element Analysis of Human Head Under Impact loading
6. Name and address of the institution where the proposal will be/likely to be
executed
Name : Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University
Address : Jadavpur, Kolkata - 700032, West Bengal
7. Facilities provided/to be made available at the host institute
Lab space for physical model based experiments; Software for numerical simulation; Books and Journals
for reference.
8. Name(s) and address(es) of Indian expert(s) in the proposed area
1) Prof. H. B. Srivastava
Department of Geology,
Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi - 221 005
Ph: 91-542-230-7311
Email: [email protected]
2) Prof. A.K. Dubey
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology,
33 General Mahadev Singh Road
Dehradun 248 001
Ph : 91-135-2627387
Email: [email protected]
3) Prof. S. S. Rai,
National geophysical research institute
Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500606.
Andhra Pradesh, India.
Ph : +91-40-23434627, 23434815
Email: [email protected]
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4) Prof. Malay Mukul
Department of Earth Sciences
IIT Bombay
Ph : +91-22-2576 7260
Email: [email protected]
5) Dr. Ajay Manglik
National geophysical research institute
Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500606.
Andhra Pradesh, India
Ph : 91-40-23434684
Email : [email protected]
9. Details of financial requirements for three years (with justifications) and
phasing for each year:
S.No. Head 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Total
1. Fellowship @Rs.20,000/-
p.m.
Rs. 2,40,000 Rs. 2,40,000 Rs. 2,40,000 Rs. 7,20,000
2. Manpower --- --- --- ---
3. Consumables:
Hydro-carbons for
analogue model including
Paraffins, PDMS, ceresins
and mineral oils.
Rs. 40,000 Rs. 40,000
4. Travel (within India) for
field observation, attending
conference, discussions
etc.
Rs. 10,000 Rs. 20,000 Rs. 20,000 Rs. 50,000
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5. Contingency for
purchasing Books,
Journals, small scale
Utensils and Instruments,
Computer Accessories,
Communications etc
Rs. 40,000 Rs. 50,000 Rs. 50,000 Rs. 1,40,000
6. Equipment (Generic Name
with minimum required
accessories, make & model
& Cost in Indian Rupees)
1) Quad-core workstations
for numerical simulations.
Make and Model
IBM IntelliStation® M Pro
(M50) with quad core
technology
Price
@1.2 lakh
Number
2
2) ANSYS 12.1 (R)
Software for Finite
Element Simulation
Make
ANSYS Software Private
Limited
Rs. 7,40,000 Rs. 7,40,000
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Perpetual license
Price
5 lakh
Number
1
7. Overhead Costs (@20% of
project cost)
Rs. 3,38,000
TOTAL Rs. 10,30,000 Rs. 3,50,000 Rs. 3,10,000 Rs. 20,28,000
TOTAL Rs. 20,28,000 (Including overhead of Rs. 3,38,000)
Rs. 16,90,000 excluding overhead
10. Have you ever applied before under this Scheme or Women Scientist
Scheme? If yes, give details (Name of the scheme, Title, subject area,
reference number, if any, year and the decision).
No.
11. Any other information in support of the proposed project:
The author has a working experience with the Structural Geology and Tectonics group led
by Prof Nibir Mandal, Department of Geology, Jadavpur University. This project work
will be pursued with the co-operation of this group.
12. Statement from the Present Employer as per Annexure-I (In respect of
person holding regular position).
Not Applicable.
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Detailed Biodata
1. Name of the Applicant:
Shamik Sarkar
2. Mailing Address :
Department of Geological Sciences
Jadavpur University, Kolkata - 700032
Email : [email protected],
Ph. 033-24146666 ext. 2364
3. Date of Birth & Gender:
10.12.1977, Male
4. Educational Qualifications (Starting from Graduation onwards):
1 Post-
Doc
2007-
2010
IISER-Kolkata Geodynamics
Modelling
2 Post-
Doc
2006-
2007
Jadavpur University Structural Geology
3 PhD 2006 Bengal Engineering and Science
University, Shibpur
Biomechanics
4 M.E. 2001 Jadavpur University 73% Biomedical
Engineering
5 B.E. 1999 Jadavpur University 64% Mechanical
Engineering
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5. Details of professional training and research experience, specifying period.
1. Research Associate : IISER-Kolkata (From 7 November 2007 -)
2. Research Fellow : Jadavpur University (From 21 June 2006 to 6 November 2007)
3. CSIR Senior Research Fellow (From 2 June 2003 to 31 March 2006)
4. Senior Research Fellow of a DST project (No: SR/S3/MECE/32/2002) from DST,
Govt. of. India)(From 2nd October 2002 to 1st June 2003)
• Details of employment (past & present).
1. Research Associate : IISER-Kolkata (From 7 November 2007 -)
2. Research Fellow : Jadavpur University (From 21 June 2006 to 6 November 2007)
3. CSIR Senior Research Fellow (From 2 June 2003 to 31 March 2006)
4. Senior Research Fellow of a DST project (No: SR/S3/MECE/32/2002) from DST,
Govt. of. India)(From 2nd October 2002 to 1st June 2003)
• List of publications during last five years
Kumar N., Sarkar S. and N. Mandal (2010) Numerical Modeling of Flow Patterns around
Subducting Slabs in a Viscoelastic Medium and its Implications in the Lithospheric Stress
Analysis. Journal of the Geological Society of India, vol. 75, no. 1 (Special Issue), pp 98-110.
Nibir Mandal, Atin Kumar Mitra, Shamik Sarkar and Chandan Chakraborty (2009) Numerical
estimation of the initial hinge-line irregularity required for the development of sheath folds: A
pure shear model, Journal of Structural Geology Volume 31, Issue 10, October 2009, Pages
1161-1173.
Manas Kumar Roy, Shamik Sarkar, and Sushanta Dattagupta (2009) Evolution of 180°, 90°, and
vortex domains in ferroelectric films Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 192905.
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Shamik Sarkar, Amit Roychowdhury, Ujjalbhanu Ghosh (2008) Prediction of subdural
haematoma based on a 3D finite element human head model, International Journal of Vehicle
Safety, Vol. 3, No. 3 pp. 276 – 294.
M. Y. Mahmoud, A. K. Mitra, R. Dhar, S. Sarkar and N. Mandal (2007) Repeated emplacement
of syntectonic pegmatites in Precambrian Granite Gneisses: indication of pulsating brittle-ductile
rheological transitions. Published in International Conference Journal on Indian Dykes’07, BHU,
Narosa Publishing House.
6. Professional recognition, awards, fellowships received:
A) CSIR Senior Research Fellow (2003)
B) Qualified GATE-99 and got UGC scholarship during M.E.
C) Ranked 232 in WBJEE-1995
7. Any other information.
Expertise and experience in Finite Element method since 2000 (during M.E.).
Expertise and experience in Image processing during PhD. Expertise and experience
in FE softwares like ANSYS, LSDYNA, mathematical programs like MATLAB and
computer languages like C for 10 years.