farming systems as providers of public goods: a sociological perspective bippop project sandrina...
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Farming systems as providers of public goods: a sociological perspective
BipPop Project
Sandrina PereiraCatherine DarrotPhilippe Boudes
XIII WORLD CONGRESS OF RURAL SOCIOLOGYWG 38 - 4 August 2012, Lisbon
BipPop Project BipPop : « Biens Publics en agriculture, et Politiques
Publiques » (Public goods provided by agriculture, and public policies)
French project (National Agency for Research) 2011 – 2013 (3 years)
3 teams, interdisciplinary approach « Compared agriculture » (Agro-economy focusing on
farming systems trajectories at the local level) Institutional economy and political sciences Sociology
Field work : France, UK, Germany, Portugal, Poland
BipPop Project BipPop : « Biens Publics en agriculture, et Politiques
Publiques » (Public goods provided by agriculture, and public policies)
French project (National Agency for Research) 2011 – 2013 (3 years)
3 teams, interdisciplinary approach « Compared agriculture » (Agro-economy focusing on
farming systems trajectories at the local level) Institutional economy and political sciences Sociology
Field work : France, UK, Germany, Portugal, Poland
Some public goods in agriculture…
Litterature, reviewed by Bazin, G., Devienne S., Garambois, N. for BipPop Environmental
public goods
Biodiversity, water, soil, air,
Animal welfair, fires and waterfloods prevention…
PG and landscapes
Social Public goods
Food security Rural jobs, social vitality of
rural areas Equity (between farmers ;
between farmers and other citizens ; between rural inhabitants and the rest of society) : income, decisionmaking, life conditions…
Heritage, knowledge and know-how
Public health Social insertion of
agriculture ; governance conditions
A specific definition of Public Goods
PG : multi-dimensional definition considered for BipPop
PG, neo-classical economical definition « Good » = usefull for human beings No rivality, no exclusion possible (Ex : Moonlight)
PG (« tutélaire »), political dimention Formal public action, justified by the potential ou real
risks compromising the future of this good
PG, sociological dimension Moral and social elaboration of its value (through public
action + management + production + uses) [Kaul & Mendoza, 2003 ]
Inter-disciplinariry in BipPop projectTerritorial approach - A short synthesis
sociology
Farming systems
Compared agriculture, detail
Describing the contribution of each farming systems to PG privision, at each period of time
Which role of PG in the evolution of each farming system ?
Sociology, detail
What drives a farmer to become more or less provider of PG ?
1) Globally influenced by his personal history and situation
A) Influenced by his production system
A) The trajectory of the system along time are explained by sociological elements (capitalisation/de-acpitalisation of the farm)
PG Public policies
PG managers
A
PG and agricultureWhy a focus on sociology ?
PG is a notion born in neo-classical economy
« Good » = usefull for human beings PG = No rivality, no exclusion possible (Ex :
Moonlight) Within the neo-classical paradigm, the market is
able to optimise the repartition and care of the goods
But public goods must be regulated by State (or any public structure) to preserve them
PG and agriculture : Why a focus on sociology ?
Pb with the neo-classical economical perspective
What is a public good, i.e. goods interesting everybody, which should be managed by State ?
Difficulty to raise a consensus in the designation of those goods : no normative definition
PG and agriculture : Why a focus on sociology ?
PG = social construction Variety of values related to those goods
Describe the conditions of publicisation of PG [Kaul & Mendoza, 2003, triangle of publicisation] BipPop proposes a square Policy Management Users Producers
Micoud [2005] : Public goods can be considered under 3 dimensions Scientifical concept Action modality Rhetorical object
PG, agriculture and sociology : research questions within BipPop
1. Identifying the PG supported by public policies in a given area. Why supporting and preserving those goods ? Cognitive and normative dimensions of this policies
1. Identifying the values attached to those PG by farmers, within the frame of their activity ; what can explain that they become or not producers of this PG ?1. Personal history and values2. Constrains and rationality of their farming systems3. Networks to which they are connected
2. Do the public policies supporting a given PG correspond to the logic of farmers (as producers of PG) ? consequences on the evolution of this PG
Field work area 2007 et 2012
Sources E.Chantre 2007
Localising the area
Sources E.Chantre 2007
Driving interviews
• A national and local context already known Compared agriculture : Emilia Chantre (Master report in
PIeniny region in 2007) Sociology : Catherine Darrot (PhD in 2008 at the national
level, including firld work in this area – « The Polish paysants facing CAP »)
A specific focus for this new field work within BipPop Context data already known Interviews focused on BipPop issues A constrain : a short, intensive week only for interviews Consequently only 10 interviews (2 – 3 hours each)
7 interviews with farmers 3 institutional interviews
Limits of this work
Only limited generalisation
Only one interview by farming system Allows to raise hypothesis Sociological conclusions valid at the individual scale, but not for each
farming system and/or social group
A contrario Some elements can be generalised out of each interview
Regarding institutional informations Genericity of the social trajectories (« life story methods »)
Main issue : building a methodology for all the case studies
1 - Identifying the PG supported by public policies in a given area.
First elements
Frame : connecting PG to farming systems (who produces what)
BP 1 BP 2 BP 3 BP 4
Sheppards in open common
pastures + cheese
production + direct
marketing of cheese
Indicateurs et évolutions X Indicateurs et évolutions X
Mountain peasant-like
pluri-production
with cow milk
Indicateurs et évolutions Indicateurs et évolutions X X
Specialisation in cow milk in
low lands
X Indicateurs et évolutions X Indicateurs et
évolutions
ExampleEvolutions 2007-2012
BP 1 Peasnt-like landscape in
mountain
BP 3
BP 4
SP 1 Indicateurs et évolutions
Peasant-like
poly-productions with cow milk
Moins de meules de foin trad, emblématiques car moins de MO (déprise), davantage d’ensilage d’herbe en balles (effet aides PAC 1er pilier et 2eme p. modernisation)Mise en herbe progressive des champs en lanièreEmboisement de certaines lanières (déprise)
SP 3
20122007