farkas swic 08 presentation3
TRANSCRIPT
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SUPPORTING THE RESEARCH ANDEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ON
RENEWABLES
SWIC 2008
Solar and Wind International ConferenceJuly 28-30, 2008
ICPE-Agigea Test Site Facility, Romania
Prof. I. Farkas
E-mail: [email protected]
Department ofPhysics and
Process Control
INSTITUTE FORENVIRONMENTAL
SYSTEMS
FACULTY OFMECHANICALENGINEERING
SZENT ISTVNUNIVERSITY
Gdll, Pter K. u. 1. H-2103Hungary
Tel: +36 28 522055Fax: +36 28 410804
[email protected]://fft.szie.hu
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C O N T E N T S
Introduction
Intelligent energy for Europe
Energy activity of EU FP programme
Projects performed
US government support
International Solar Energy Society
Conclusions
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Global energy consumption
The global energy consumption of the world has increasedin a great extent in the last decades which continues for thenear future as well. I n the last 30 years the primari ly energydemand has roughly doubledreaching 10000 MTOE/year.
The recent yearly increase is around 4%.
In connection to this fact, it is sufficiently enough to reflectthe development of countries like China and India. The
yearly increase of energy demand in China is above 15%.
Even in case of a pessimistic projection rate theworldsrecent global energy demand could easi ly tr ipled by 2050.
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The major energy sectors
The major sectors of the energy use are electr ical power,transportation, heating, cooling, etc.
Relatively, the increase ofelectr icity demand is the highest.
Nowadays, the coal is the largest sector for electricitygeneration, and consequently i t is responsible for about 40%of all CO2emissions.
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World primary energy demand
World Energy Outlook, 2004, IEA
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World electricity production by fuel
IEA Renewables informations, 2005
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World oil production vs time
Balett, 2002
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Use of renewables
The renewables are getting more and more cost competi tive
and replacing the fossil resources.
Their recent share is only about 14% in the worlds totalprimary energy supply.
The biomass provides the highest rate of renewables which isabout 80%. Because of its inefficient conversion technology, itcould supply only 20% of its potentials.
The share of renewable resources for direct electricitygeneration is a bit higher (18%).
At the moment, the hydroelectric power provides almost90% of this value.
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Future share of renewables
According to the recently available measurable projectionsthe renewable energy resources may reach the 50%contr ibution by 2050. That could provide a reasonable energymix between the conventional and the clean energyresources.
The highest contr ibution ratesare to be expected for thefollowing technologies, as:
wind power photovoltaics ethanol turbines concentrated solar thermals
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Intelligent energy for Europe (2/6)
The objective of the IEE Programme is going to contribute to
secure, sustainable and competitively priced energy for Europe,by providing for actions:
to foster energy efficiency and the rational use of energy
resources to promote new and renewable energy sources and to
support energy diversification
to promote energy efficiency and the use of new andrenewable energy sources in transport
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Intelligent energy for Europe (3/6)
The Programme has become the main Communityinstrument to tackle non-technological barriers to the spreadof efficient use of energy and greater use of new and
renewable energy sources.
From 2007, IEE has been included in the overallCompetitiveness and I nnovation Framework Programme(CIP)
in order to contribute to achieving the objectives of EUenergy policy and to implementing the L isbon Agenda.
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Intelligent energy for Europe (4/6)
In 2008 some 45 mill ion Euro is availablesupporting theproject within IEE up to 75% of eligible costs.
It is mainly funded the capacity building, spreading ofknow-how, skills and methods, exchange of experience,
development of market, policy input, raising awareness,
education and training.
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Intelligent energy for Europe (5/6)
The main conditionsof the applications are as follows:
3 partners from different eligible countries
3 years maximum funding period
average budget is between 05-2.5 million Euro, especiallyfor staff cost.
Hardware investments, demonstration and technical R&D projectsare not fundedwithin the IEE.
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Energy activity of EU FP programme (6/6)
The practical figuresof the FP7-ENERGY-2008-TREN-1 callare as follows:
the total budget is 147 million Euros
specific feature of the call is cooperation final deadline of the application is October 8, 2008.
The FP7-ENERGY work programme will be updated onannual basis, the next call is expected in 2009.
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Energy activity of EU FP programme (1/5)
Within the FP7-ENERGY-2008-TREN-1 call the activityarea of Energy the renewable electricity generationhas gotmain emphasis.
It covers research, development and demonstration ofintegrated technologies for electricity production fromrenewables.
It should suit to regional conditions where sufficienteconomic and technical potentialsare available.
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Energy activity of EU FP programme (2/5)
The final target of such research should yield to increasethe overall conversion efficiencyand the cost eff iciency, aswell.
Within the project strong emphasiswill be given on thephotovoltaics, wind and biomass.
Additionally, it supports also geothermal, solar thermalpower, i.e. concentrating solar power (CSP), ocean(wave,tidal power) and hydropower.
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Energy activity of EU FP programme (3/5)
In the Photovoltaics sub-area of the project call the overallexpected impact is the cost of grid-connected PV electricityin Europe to be lowered to range of 0.10-0.25/kWh by 2020.
The research and development should lead to reduced also
the mater ial consumption.
It is also expected the enhancing strategic internationalcooperationin the field ofconcentr ation photovoltaicsand to
use the multiple benefit of photovoltaics.Production of educational and training mater ialis also the
important part of the entire project call.
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Energy activity of EU FP programme (4/5)
The main expectationsconcerning to the project call are asfollows:
improve energy efficiency
accelerate the penetration of renewable energy sources
decarbonizes the power generation and the transport
reduce greenhouse emissions
diversifying Europes energy mix
enhance the competitiveness of European industry
including a better involvement of SMEs
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Energy activity of EU FP programme (5/5)
The practical figuresof the FP7-ENERGY-2008-TREN-1 callare as follows:
the total budget is 147 million Euros
specific feature of the call is cooperation final deadline of the application is October 8, 2008.
The FP7-ENERGY work programme will be updated onannual basis, the next call is expected in 2009.
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Projects performed
Training and education
Photovoltaic applications
Euro-Chinese Business L ink in the solar energy industr ies
(Sunrise)
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Sunrise (1/4)
Sunrise is a company match-making programmeopen toSmall and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in thephotovoltaic and solar thermal energy sectorfrom Germany,Greece, Hungary and China.
The objective is to contribute to the development of long-term business co-operation between companiesin the industryand across regions.
During a main event held in Shanghai in China inNovember 2008, a maximum of40 selected European and 60selected Chinese companies wil l meetfor face-to-face businessmeetings.
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Sunrise (2/4)
The project is co-f inanced by the EU.
Interested companies are encouraged to registeras early aspossible to ensure participation in the programme since there
is a limit on the number of participants.
Following registration, companies will be requested toupload their company profile on the projects facility
(B2BSunrise.net), which will contain important projectinformation as well as the profiles of other participatingcompanies.
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Sunrise (3/4)
I nternational co-operation in the solar energy sectorremainslimited, despite the obvious need for SMEs in the sector tofind new export, business and investment opportunitiesoutsidetheir own region.
Companies are often constrained by limited marketinformation, differences in business culture and language orsimply because they do not have the resources to research,contact and meet their respective counterparts.
The Euro-China Business Link will help to overcome thesereal or perceived barriers and will provide assistance in theform of targeted information, meeting services, tools for B2B
communication, travel incentives and other advisory services.
S i (4/4)
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Sunrise (4/4)
Benefitsfor participating companies:
Face-to-face meetings with 60 selected Chinese companiesactive in the solar energy industries.
English-Chinese translation service
Travel incentive per participating company
Market background information
Preparatory seminar in each of the project countries
Project website (B2BSunrise.net) offering to communicatedirectly with other participating companies
Access to the global online marketplace(http://www.b2brenenergy.com)
Visit international trade exhibition in Shanghai
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US governments support the renewables (1/7)
During the Washington International Renewable Energy
Conference 2008 President Bush has summarized all the recentcommitments of US government concerning to the renewableenergy resources.
The main statementscan be summerised as follows:
America has got to change its habitsas it got to get off oil. This
is the reason why dependency on oi lpresents a real challengeto the economy.
Since 2000 the federal government spent more than $12 bil l ionto research, developand promote alternative energy sources.
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US governments support the renewables (2/7)
The two most vulnerable areas to economic disruption happens
to be automobile useand electr ic power.
It is planned to reduce gasoline consumptionby 20 percent overthe next 10 years.
Main options:
biodiesel
ethanol
hybrid vehicles
hydrogen technology
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US governments support the renewables (3/7)
Biodiesel use:
Biodieselis the most promising of these fuels.
Biodiesel refineries produce fuel from soybeans, and vegetable
oils, and recycled cooking grease, from waste materials.
Itself the biodisel was up 80 percent f rom 2006.
Today there are more than650 biodiesel fuel ing stations
inAmerica.
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US governments support the renewables (4/7)Ethanol use:
In the 2000 a strog campaign started to support ethanol usewhich has been has quadrupled in 2007.
The majority of that ethanol is coming from corn.
In 2005 the United States became the world's leading ethanolproducer providing nearly half of the worldwide ethanolproduction.
The high price of corn is beginning to affect the pri ce of food.For that reason the Department of Energy had dedicatednearly $1 billion to develop technologies that can make
cellulosic ethanolcost competitive.
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US governments support the renewables (5/7)
Hybrid vehicles use:
It is providing tax incentivesto buy these fuel-efficient vehicles.
Today there are nearly a mil l ion.
It is also investing in plug-in hybr idsmotivting city peopledriving not on gasoline but on electricity.
The short-term goal is to have vehicles that are capable ofdriving about 60 kms on electricity.
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US governments support the renewables (6/7)
Hydrogen technology:
There is a strong support of hydrogen.
It has been spent about $1.2 billion in research anddevelopmentto bring vehicles running on hydrogen to themarket.
The waste productof a hydrogen-powered vehicle is pure and
clean water.
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US governments support the renewables (7/7)
In 2007 solar installationsgrew by more than 32 percentin the US.
The construction projects wil l be supported by $18.5 bil l ionin loanguarantees provided by the government.
It includes $18 billion for the nukes and $10 bil l ion for renewableenergy expansionsin the United States
It is important to be an international clean technology fundfromthe wealthy nations to help poorer nations clean up theirenvironments.
US will commit $2 bil l ionto the fund.
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Priorities in the field of solar energyas a
Conclusion
Solar thermal in general has lower priority
Production of electricity from solar thermal is preferred
Photovoltaic has a high priority
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Solar energy equipment for research, education anddemonstration purposes.Department of Physics and Process Control,Szent Istvn University, Gdll, Hungary, 1996.
Modular solar dryer.Department of Physics and Process Control,Szent Istvn University, Gdll, Hungary, 1996.
Transparent insulation wall.Department of Physics and Process Control,
Szent Istvn University, Gdll, Hungary, 1996.
References (1/3)
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Solar heated swimming pool.Swimming pool,Szent Istvn University, Gdll, Hungary, 2000.
Roof integrated solar domestic hot water system,Gdll, 2000.
Solar heated greenhouse.Research Station,Department of Horticultural Technology,Szent Istvn University, Gdll, Hungary, 2001.
References (2/3)
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10 kWp capacity grid-connected photovoltaic system.Student Dormitory, Building C,Szent Istvn University, Gdll, Hungary, 2005.
Portable PV kit.Department of Physics and Process Control,
Szent Istvn University, Gdll, Hungary, 2006.
References (3/3)
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Transparent insulation (TI) wall
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Solar dryer
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Solar heated swimming pool
R f i t t d l d ti h t
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Roof integrated solar domestic hotwater system
S l h t d h
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Solar heated greenhouse
10 kWp capacity grid connected PV sytem
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10 kWp capacity grid-connected PV sytem
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Portable PV kit
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Picture of the solar power plant
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Thank you
for your kind
attention!