facility for regional policy dialogue on integrated maritime ......yachting and boating: rather than...

This project is financedby the European Union

A project implemented by the consortium of: WS Atkins International (lead), Pescares Italia Srl., GIZ, SML.

The European Union and Neighbours ENI – The European Neighbourhood Instrument

Facility for Regional Policy Dialogueon Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change

National Blue Economy study

December 11st, 2017, Tel Aviv, Israel

This project is financedby the European Union 2

Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change

BLUE ECONOMY SCOPES

Maritime and coastal

market-driven activities

Cons:- Resources and space not

considered- Non-market activities not

captured- Synergies between market-

driven and non-market driven activities cannot be captured

- Assessment of potential new activities not easy

Maritime and coastal


Maritime and coastal capital

Maritime and coastal non-


+ Relations

Conventional scope of Blue Economy doesn’t capture all the maritime added value

Blue Economy: scope of this studyBlue Economyconventional scope



The Maritime and coastal Capital – Basis for BE

Policy-driven maritime activities

Market-driven maritime activities

Products and

services

Regulation, management, knowledge,

research…

produce Innovation, knowledge,

training…

Use

Mobilize

Mobilize

Require

Preserve



Recommendations for developing Blue Economy

Increase, extend, improve, promote recognize, value,

manage

Develop, increase local content

Develop, increase local

contentDevelop,

increase local content

Produce more or better

Get more Value

Develop, increase local content, create

new sectors

Develop synergiesInnovate



Assessment of maritime and coastal Capital

5



Global overview of Israel’s maritime and coastal capital

High level of pressures (infrastructure, urban and rural development along the coast) but protection measures (MPA) – marine reserve in Red Sea

Large access to Mediterranean but also to Red Sea ; High level of pressures on coastal zones ; Management process (MSP)

Substantial offshore resources (O&G)Declining fishing ;Unexplored SWAC and offshore wind potentials ; No marine minerals use

Good level of knowledge, some gaps (offshore) but improving

academic and research institutes (Israel Marine Data Center (ISRAMAR),

IOLR, Naval institute, …)

Good availability of infrastructures and services to support import supply ; Project to develop

offshore space use with dedicated structures

High national investments (tax reduction forattractiveness).Privatization of maritime economy attractinginternational capital.Low level of national control on financialcapital?

Significant maritime culture and heritage (coastal and underwater)

Maritime governance is still mainly sectoral. But efforts towards more integration

Israelmaritime and coastal capital



THREATS

WEAKNESSES

OPPORTUNITIES

STRENGTHS

ENJEUX

Israel Maritime and Coastal Capital – SWOT Analysis

• Offshore space accessible to offshore structures• MSP and MPAs• Offshore O&G resources availability

• Access to both Mediterranean and Red Sea• Good connections to land (ports, road, rail, cables, pipes)• Significant coastal and marine cultural heritage• Technical and scientific ability to valorize and protect the

capital• Ability to attract foreign investments • Diaspora support

• Sovereignty and jurisdiction disputed• Dependence of neighbours (environmental

management)• Erosion issues in coastal space• Busy space (land, coastal)• Limited marine natural resources

• Security issues, jurisdiction and sovereignty• Erosion• Strong human pressures on coastal zones• Pollution and biodiversity loss• Climate change• Use conflicts in busy areas



• Develop knowledge and management of resources and heritage• Enhance integrated regulation and management (MPA and MSP, SEA/EIA)• Develop integrated (multilevel) governance involving national and local

authorities and public participation• Define clear policies for preservation, sustainable use and development of

national maritime and coastal capital (environment, resources, research, infra & services…)

• Take advantage of O&G revenues (through specific fund?) for supporting these policies and improve coastal and maritime infrastructures and services

• Build a more resilient development model based on preservation of natural capital, stimulation of human capital, and optimization of the technical capital.

• Update and implement ICZM at national scale as a framework for all coastal projects

Recommandations for the maritime and coastal capital



Assessment of Policy-driven activities

(Management, regulation, knowledge production and sharing)

9



Policy-driven Maritime Activities: management of maritime capital

Monitoring and surveillancenetworks and services, enforcement (ships, airplanes, crews...)

Management of national financial resources and services (bank, investment funds, pooling of

resources..)

Policy and strategy making, regulation, public participation

Inventory (knowledge), management, valorization, development

Production of knowledge(universities, research institutions), transfer (education and training, dissemination (maritime portals for data and information....

Inventory (knowledge), management (e.g. MPAs),

protection (regulation), monitoring

Management, monitoring and surveillance networks and services,

enforcement (ships, airplanes, crews...)

Inventory (knowledge), management,

regulation, protection...

Research and Knowledge

Regulation and surveillance

Management and protection



Regulation and Surveillance – SWOT Analysis

THREATS

WEAKNESSES

OPPORTUNITIES

STRENGTHS

ENJEUX

• Unregulated maritime and coastal activities ? (overexploitation of resources, threats to marine and coastal environment)

• Integration of maritime surveillance and marine and coastal monitoring (environment and activities)

• Contribution from regulatory monitoring to national monitoring network

• Upgrading the technology deployed at Israel’s ports• ECosystem APproach implementation ( Barcelona

convention)• Safety and security issues

• Good maritime surveillance (safety/security/defense)• Strong capacities for enforcement• Monitoring indicators : environment• Monitoring and enforcement of land-based sources of

marine pollution - a national center for on-line surveillance of effluent outfalls to the sea.

• Limited integration of regulation and surveillance (thematic or sectoral)

• Low integration of environmental monitoring and surveillance of activities



Research and Knowledge– SWOT Analysis

THREATS

WEAKNESSES

OPPORTUNITIES

STRENGTHS

• Limited knowledge on offshore areas • Difficulties for institutes to find contracts• National marine/maritime research strategy not very

visible

• High level in public R&D and observations capacities• Many institutes with high level of skills• Public capacities to enhance TRL and support innovation

and private sectors• Existing GIS and dedicated portal for data sharing and

dissemination (ISP Web GIS)• Good connection with private sectors (financing

contracts)• Liaison with EU countries , EU and USA

• Reduction of public support to the public maritime and coastal research and education

• Insufficient information hampering development of economic activities

• Increase of private sector in public R&D (already 69% of Israel’s GERD is contributed by the Private Sector)

• Contribution from EIA and regulatory monitoring to knowledge

• Development of policies and associated research about Climate change and sustainability

• Better dissemination (e.g. maritime portal) and transmission (maritime cursus, education)

• Interdisciplinary maritime/marine curricula



Management and protection – SWOT Analysis

THREATS

WEAKNESSES

OPPORTUNITIES

STRENGTHS

ENJEUX

• Climate change effects on biodiversity and coastal zones (erosion, sea level threats)

• Human pressures - cumulative effects and urbanization

• Risks of sewage and maritime pollutions (domestic and other countries)

• Urban sprawl

• Policies taking in account Climate change and sustainability

• Natural and human heritage protection• Seamless planning in maritime and coastal zones• Marine renewable energies (SWAC and offshore

wind) development ( potential to be assessed and taken in account in MSP

• On going Planning – master plans (Israel Marine Plan (ISP)) • Full public involvement in planning process (MSP) and

methods (ICZM protocol) and experience in CAMP project• Stakeholders involvement in dedicated structures • Strong NGOs (Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel

(SPNI), Israel Union for Environmental Defence (IUED), …)• Settlement and development of marine protected areas • Development of integration in Policies (TBC)• Bidding process for O&G offshore fields exploitation

• Border effects management (sewage or maritime pollutions)

• No dedicated measures for sea to implement Paris Agreement (cf. national plan)

• No clear policy orientations about MPAs in Israel • Sectoral management of marine resources



Assessment of Maritime Economic Activities

(MEAs)

14



Overview of Maritime Economic Activities for BE in Israel

More mature “to be reinvented”

Coastal tourism

Cruises

Passenger ferry

Fisheries

Shipbuilding, repair and deconstruction

Offshore oil-gas

Shipping

Mariculture

Yachting and boating

Desalination

Marine renewable technologies

Offshore wind

Water sports and leisure

Blue-biotech

Potentials

Rele

vanc

e

Mature : adaptation needed Growing : potential for development

Discussed : potential not proven Emerging : support needed



Overview of Maritime Economic Activities for BE in Israel

Potentials

Curr

ent w

eigh

t

Offshore O&G

Passenger Ferry

Cruising

Fisheries

Shipping

BoatingShipbuilding

And repair

Desalination

Water sports

Mariculture Blue BiotechMarine renewable energies



Shipping : strengthen quality and strategic synergies (logistics, surveillance, …) at national and regional scaleFerry/Passengers: develop domestic links, including maritime urban transport as an alternative to land public transport in busy coastal cities

Desalination: reduce energy bill with use of REN or MRE,explore valorization of desalination brines (extraction of dissolved substances: salt, metals, …)

Cruises: rather than focusing on large ships (high costs, low local return) explore the whole range including short excursions and small/medium ship cruises, promoting cultural assets and providing high local value and jobs

Fisheries: explore the potential of allocating some fishing resources/areas to leisure fishing in order to produce more added value (jobs/revenues: pay for fishing + pay for fish)

Yachting and boating: rather than the usual model (marinas, inactive fleet: much space artificialized, limited local return), support shared uses and “boating and yachting as a service” approaches

Mariculture: explore the potential of algae for food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical sector, and potential synergies with marine biotechnologies

Nautical and water sports: switch from opportunist individual practice to promotion of dedicated affected areas, seeking synergies with coastal and marine protected areas

Coastal tourism: rather than mass “sea sun sand” resorts, move upmarket and develop an offer based on maritime and coastal cultural heritageExplore potential extension of offer to mobile workers to fill seasonal gaps in tourism resorts

Marine biotechnologies: Actively prospect local specific marine resources that could allow creation of local biotech ecosystem including research, production, training, derived production, etc.

BE: examples of possible options/ actions for MEAs

Ship building and repair : Enhance integration and skills(HQSE) addressing all the sectors (shipping, ferry, fishing,port supply)Develop regional partnerships to reduce competition andaddress the important national demand includingdeconstructionMarine Renewable Energies: assess potential of all MRE resources based on in situ measurements and synergies with shipbuilding and energy supply

O&G exploitation: Develop LNG production for shipping and energy transport, define strategic uses and stocks in order to prepare future



Current size

Target size

Sector growth

Increased share

Adapt current model

Change model

Develop new options

MEAs : Development options

Growth of sector in volume and/or value:Exploit more resources or more space, capture larger share of value chain at national or regional levelCreate local jobs

Adaptation: Modification of the current model to focus activity on most interesting segments of the value chain of the activity, upmarket

Structural changes:Address other segments of market with development of synergies

New options:Exploit new resources, diversify outputs and services

Growth of regional share:Capture more value in the region, control more capital



Orientations for development of MEAs: Overview

Maturity Current sector growth

NationalCurrent

employment

MEA/Natcap

MEA/Techcap

MEA/Humcap

National captured

value

Region share

Adaptation Structural change

New options

Fisheries mature -- +++ ++++ ++ +++ 0/+ - ++ + ++

Mariculture developing 0 0 ++ ++ ++ 0/+ - + +

Biotechnologies emerging 0 0 ++ + ++ NR + +

Cruise, maritime tourism

mature ++ 0 ++ ++ ++ 0/+ + + ++ ++

Coastal tourism mature + +++ +++ ++ +++ + + + ++ +

Water leisure and sport

developing + 0/+ +++ ++ ++ 0/+ ++

Yachting and boating

mature 0 + +++ ++ ++ 0 + + ++ +

Shipping mature + + ++ ++ +++ + ++ + +

Passenger ferry mature + + ++ ++ ++ 0/+ ++ ++

Shipbuildingand repair

mature + + ++ ++ ++ + + +

Marine renewable energies

emerging 0 0 + + + NR +

Desalination mature/dev ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ + + +

Offshore O&G mature/dev ++ + +++ ++ + ++ +


Supporting a Regional Policy Dialogue on Climate Action and Integrated Maritime Policy / Blue Economy

Fisheries

Growth of sector in volume and/or value:Claim maritime areas and related fisheries resources. Support stocks recovery, ecosystem-based

Adaptation:Increase share of artisanal fleet locally controlled (capital, jobs)

Structural changes:Upmarket towards local high-value products: short circuits, direct selling (e.g. to high quality restoration)

New options:Support non-food activities: leisure (« pay for fishing ») through development of synergies (MPAs, tourism sector)

Growth of regional share:Improve regional control (financial capital, fleets) and regulation (stocks, all catches), training and adapttion of local fishermen

Current situation

• Limited resources, at threat (poor environmental management, poor activity management)

• Limited control on resources/catches

• Low price at first sale (global market)

• Competition between industrial/semi-industrial and artisanal fleets

• Decreasing number of jobs, fishermen revenues

Analysis - Orientations

• No major growth can be expected• Ecosystems and stocks recovery

a regional priority

• Overall orientation: get more local value from the same or reduced catches

• Option 1: capture larger share of stocks

• Option 2: increase price at first sale

• Option 3: prioritize increase of local jobs/local value within fishing sector

• Option 4: allocate areas/stocks to development of sectors that produce more value/jobs from the same amount of fish



Coastal tourism

Growth of sector in volume and/or value:Limited share as “Sea, sand and sun offer”Answer domestic demand for resilienceImprove safety and security

Adaptation:develop synergies with local maritime activities (fisheries, yachting, …) to enlarge touristic offer but also with inland tourism)

Structural changes:Reduce environmental impact of resorts (REN, circular economy)

New options:Develop green and cultural tourism (cultural heritage

Growth of regional share:Share regional assets with touristic tours (link with small cruise and yachting)

Current situation

• “Sea, sand and sun” -driven offer mass tourism

• Mainly foreign tourist oriented• Growing domestic demand• Sector mainly controlled out of

the area (operators/investments)• Sustainability to be improved

(resorts)• High costs (infra, security…),

mid local return (mid expenses, numerous jobs)

• Low resilience (security issues)• Seasonal activity

• Other sectors (eco tourism/ cultural tourism) developing

• Regional assets (natural/cultural) little exploited

• Natural and cultural assets favourable to further development


• Need and will to reduce impacts of human activities and valorize heritage sustainably

• Increasing privatization of public domain

• Need to increase quality and added-value actually captured by local operators

• Possible synergies with other activities for diversification (yachting and marinas, aquatic sports, fisheries, …)

• Orientation1: assess sustainability and potential for local return before supporting development of new resorts

• Orientation 2: foster quality rather than mass tourism

• Orientation 3: Develop local offers valorising regional assets



Cruise sector

Growth of sector in volume and/or value:Limit share or large ships cruise or make support conditional to increased local return (longer calls,, etc.)

Adaptation:Develop other subsectors (small/medium ships cruise) locally built/controlled with high local return (jobs/value)

Structural changes:Support development of cruises focused on cultural heritage/attractions rather mass tourism

New options:Develop very short cruise sector (maritime excursions) with strong synergies with coastal tourism

Growth of regional share:Support sub-regional trips (home ports and major calls in the area), more open to domestic customers

Current situation

• Large cruise ships, mass tourism

• Sector controlled out of the region

• High costs (infra, security…), low local return (limited expenses, no jobs)

• Short calls, home ports out of the area

• Low resilience (security issues)

• Other cruise sectors (small/medium, excursions) little developed

• Regional assets (natural/cultural) little exploited

• Natural and cultural assets favourable to further development


• Contradiction between sector and countries interests (large ships)

• Large potential for other subsectors with much larger local return

• Local assets little valorised (a few sites only)

• Limited local customer base

• Orientation1: assess potential for local return before supporting development of large cruise ships

• Orientation 2: foster quality rather than mass cruising

• Orientation 3: Develop local trips valorizing regional assets

• Orientation 4: develop segments with high local control producing more local value and jobs



Cruise tourism: increase local return (1)

Home port

Call

Call

Call

Call

Call

Call

Day 2

- 1 week, 6 calls. Sail overnight- Calls: a few short circuits/visits- Not all passengers disembark

Ship construction

Ship operation

Hotel services

Marketing sales

Most of value and jobs (somewhere…

foreign/international)

Home ports can catch additional

value

Call ports catch a small share of the

value

Limited tourism services

Tourism services

Transportation

Financial capital

Value chain and distribution

« Standard » MED cruise



Cruise tourism: increase local return (2) – Some opportunities

Home port

Call

Call

Call

Call

Call

Call

Day 2

Financial capital

Ship construction

Ship operation

Hotel services

Marketing sales

TransportationTourism services

Control financial capital: decision on value chain, financial returns

Build in national shipyards

Operate, employ nationals

Operate, employ nationals, shipchandlers, etc.

Locate in country

« Cut the loop »: insert national tourism offer

within standard regional cruises

Locate home port in country



Approach of Integrated Functional Clusters (IFCs)

In the analysis and recommendations we move:• From Value “Chains” (sectoral/linear);• To Value “Nets” (inter-sectoral/complex).

We identify Integrated Functional Clusters (IFCs) as they:• Refer to various activities (integrated); • Focus on functions (functional) rather then “definitions”;• Share infrastructures services and facilities (clusters).



IFC« Maritime and coastal tourism and leisure

Cruise tourism

Large ships

Small & medium

ships

Excursions

Fishing

Commercial fishing

Pesca-tourism

Leisurefishing

Coastal tourism

Resorts

2nd

house

Circuits

Bathing

Diving

Water leisure

Water sports

ShippingUrban

transport

FerriesEnvironmental management

MPAs

Monitoring

Renting & sharing

Yachting & boating

Harbour services

Each sector has its own dynamics, but there are many potential synergies within this cluster• Driven by tourism and

leisure• Many possible links to be

explored (only some represented here)

• E.g. MPAs and excursions, diving, water sports, tourism circuits, yachting, leisure fishing….



IFC« Maritime and coastal tourism and leisure

Cruise tourism

Large ships

Small & medium

ships

Excursions

Fishing

Commercial fishing

Pesca-tourism

Leisurefishing

Coastal tourism

Resorts

2nd

house

Circuits

Bathing

Diving

Water leisure

Water sports

ShippingUrban

transport


MPAs

Monitoring

Renting & sharing

Yachting & boating

Harbour services

• A national «cluster » may gather all these stakeholders: project developments, marketing (global offer), etc.



IFC « tourism-leisure » : Examples of potential synergies withmaritime excursions within cluster

Cruise tourism

Large ships

Small & medium

ships

Excursions

Fishing

Commercial fishing

Pesca-tourism

Leisurefishing

Coastal tourism

Resorts

2nd

house

Circuits

Bathing

Diving

Water leisure

Water sports

ShippingUrban

transport


MPAs

Monitoring

Renting & sharing

Yachting & boating

Harbour services

Fish: gastronomy excursions

Extension of excursion

Extension of excursion

Excursions offer

Excursion as a harbour service

Connection/extension

Excursion in MPAs (natural or cultural)

Excursion ships used for routine monitoring



Maritime tourismMaritime and coastal sectors involved Expected synergies

• Marketing• Tourism packages• Port services• Shared infrastructures

SHIPPINGFERRY

FISHERIES• Artisanal fisheries

COASTAL TOURISM

• Ferry/urban maritime transport

CRUISE TOURISM

WATER LEISURE

YACHTING• Pilot project

Possible actions

Policy-driven sectors involvedPROTECTION

• MPAs including Natural and cultural heritage

Coastal tourism

Ferry

Yachting

PescatourismGastronomy

TransportExcursions

Water Sport

• Medium and small ships cruises

• Sailing cruises rentals

• Dedicated spots with a national/regional tour

• Touristic circuit

Cruisetourism

Artisanal fisheries

Touristic circuitShared infras

ProtectionMPA

MPA

KnowledgeMonitoring

• Natural and cultural heritage knowledge improvement and dissemination

• Dedicated monitoring

MPA

Shared infrasand services

TransportExcursionsShared infras

and services

Touristiccircuit

Blue Economy : suggested Integrated Functional Clusters



MonitoringKnowledge

Desalination

Marine Energy

Mariculture

MarineBiotech

BE national platform forstrategic development

Skills and capacity

DiversificationEnergy supply

IFCMaritimeTourism

Water usage

Blue Economy : suggested Integrated Functional Clusters

Water, advanced products and sustainable energy

Expected synergies

• Infrastructures/Investments• Technological expertise• Research capacity

• Engage with private sector and research

• Assess cross-sectoralclusters potentials

• Launch key strategic actions (potential assessment, feasibility studies, business cases, pilot initiatives)

Possible actions

Policy-driven sectors involved

MONITORING KNOWLEDGEExpand and build on potentials of monitoring technologiesNatural heritage knowledge improvement

INNOVATIONFoster cross-sectoral research and innovationBuild on existing national/international advanced applied research

Maritime and coastal sectors involved

MARINEBIOTECH

MARICULTURE

High-end research supported by terrestrial biotechnologies transfer

High-end product diversificationMARINEENERGY

DESALINATION

In accordance with the potentials to be assessed Desalination derived product valorisation (brines) – environmental impact reduction – use of REN

Exploit areas of technological innovation across more mature activities

Foster growth and employmentby applying high-tech innovation to more

emerging activities



Blue Economy: where is the potential? Some hints

Offshore infrastructures(including networks)

Knowledge,skills, capacity

Culture and heritage valorization

Financial services formaritime economy

Preservation, conservation, management,

restoration

New resources (energy, metals, geneticresources…)

Shift to offshore

Appropriation by coastal territories + global governance in ABNJ



Thank you for your attention

Frédérick [email protected]

Matteo [email protected]



National BE study (SML) National BE study (ADALYA)

Port : infrastructures and space part of capital not for a dedicated sector (shipping) as it is sharedPort Services also included in capital

Ports and services : only included with Shippingnot in fishing or yachting

Maritime and coastal space : part of natural capital

Mariculture Marine agriculture

Distinction netween MAE and PDA A mix of MAE and PDA Level of maturity for MAE Level of maturity for MAE but also for PDA (useful?

as not under the same ranking in priorities)Assessment of the potential of cruise tourism (low – low added value)

O&G finite resources

Yachting : assessment of practices and marinas are part of capital (infrastructures & services) closer to recreationnal coastal navigation

Yachting/marinas: reduced to berths or dockingplaces

Water sport & leisures : domestic and foreigndemand and practices

recreationnal coastal navigation and diving tourism :Partial



Port and activities

LANDSEA

Coastal zone

GoodsPassengers

InformationEnergy

Biological resources

Ocean energy resources

Mineral resources

PortsHarbours

Import

ImportExport

SendReceive

Import

Import

Ports areas are major assets for Blue Economy

àActivity clusters, not just transport infrastructures



Blue Economy: where is the potential? Some hints

Offshore infrastructures(including networks)

Knowledge,skills, capacity

Culture and heritage valorization

Financial services formaritime economy

Preservation, conservation, management,

restoration

New resources (energy, metals, geneticresources…)

Shift to offshore

Appropriation by coastal territories + global governance in ABNJ



Recommendations• World trends driven and then Med focus – high level drivers - relevance for Israel to check• Typologies in accordance with EU BE studies better to split MEA and PDA• Points of attention

– Sectoral approach and assessment => research of synergies between sectors (IFC)• Shipbuilding and repair not only for shipping but also yachting, marinas fisheries• Investments diversification (PPP) to promote synergies through clusters

– PDA : • better to use an agregated typology based on functions and policies in an integrative approach

(synergies – public savings)– MAE

• Potential evolutions or diversification of sector itself• Assessment of national added value to capture along the value chain• prospective for potential export (know how)

– Capital • Human capital (knowledge, skills) to be taken in account as a pillar for development of maritime

sectors from terrestrial sectors (technologies transfer)• Human capital (Cultural heritage) to be valorized (Tourism and leisure)• Space/infrastructures/skills/Research to be shared to support

– Homes and employment are not BE activities better to use as a driver (urbanisation)

facility for regional policy dialogue on integrated maritime ......yachting and boating: rather than...

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