extraw9-technology in mathematics

8/13/2019 ExtraW9-Technology in Mathematics

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Technology in Mathematics

Week 9:

Software packages


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Lectures Hypermedia applications are subsets of multimedia

software where information is presented and activitiesare sequenced in a non-linear manner.

Most educational IT applications are hypermedia types.

Examples: tutorial software packagesthat includes self-

assessment questions, web-pages, simulation games,project management packages and others.

These packages must be well integrated in the learningenvironment, enhance learner autonomy and thinkingskills of students.

Therefore hypermedia application should be used toenhance learning, but cannot be treated as an add-on,isolated from other aspects of learning environment.


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Characteristics of hypermedia

applications (software packages)

The two important ones are

- Learner control and

- Variety of media


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Learner Control Learners control over the sequence of materials and the

pace at which the material is presented. The common control features include: sequence, pace,

content, media, feedback and others.

Students can set their own pace of inctruction and workthrough the content at a rate commensurate with their

ability and motivation. They can repeat portions when neccesary and changed

the speed at which they progress through each section.

They can choose learning activities that suit theirindividual preference and needs.

The packages are non-linear. Students have a widerange of navigation routes that lead them to meet theirlearning needs.


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Variety of media resources A hypermedia (eg. Software) application can include

more than one of the following media: text, audio,graphic image (still picture), animation and video clip.

However it is not necessary that an application may haveall the five types of media.

The characteristics of hypermedia application offer

teachers opportunities to enhance teaching and learning. However, these opportunities may not necessary be

taken up by the teachers.

Therefore teachers need to know how to identify thecharacteristics of the hypermedia applications,

understand the advantages and limitations of suchapplications, and organise activities to optimise theadvantages and address the limitations in order toenhance learning.


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Advantages of using hypermedia Advantages of leaner control:

- Meeting learners needs-Developing a more robust understanding

-Reducing the time to accessing information

Advantages of variety of media resources

- Enhancing recall and recognition through verbal (text/audio) and non-verbal (pictures/animations/video clips)presentation

-Provide relevance to the real world (application of theory inreal world situation)

-Reduce the cognitive load of transfer learning (eg. A flightsimulator application simulates a real situation for pilotsto practice. The simulated environment allows pilots topractice authentic tasks and hence, reduces thecognitive load of transfer learning.


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Limitation of using hypermedia

The advantages of using hypermedia can

only be reaped if the students have:

the knowledge about how to learn from

hypermedia applications,

The learning strategies to work through the

hypermedia applications and

The attitudes that enable them to use thesestrategies and knowledge confidently, flexibly,

appropriately and independently of a teacher.


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Learner control problems Lack of knowledge of hypermedia features

-face problem in learning environment and getlost in hyperspace. Eg students do not know

- where he/she is in the hypermediaapplication

- where to go in the hypermedia application- how to get to the place he/she wants to goand

- how to go back to a place that he/ she

previously visited Lack of learning strategies

Lack of motivation


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Problems with using a variety of

media

Powerful but user-friendly authoring languages andsystems allows developers of hypermedia applications toinclude various media in their design.

The use of various media, if not well-integrated intoapplication, may impede learning.

Eg.

The poor use of the media may distract students fromthe learning tasks, or the media may replace certainauthentic learning experiences.

There are hypermedia application which provide learnerswith such a great multimedia experience that somelearners are overwhelmed and as a result, lose task-orientation.


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The role of the teachers to address

limitations Teachers should choose easy-to-use navigation systems

Introductory activities to hypermedia applications

- demonstrate how to use navigation tools

- ask students who know to teach those

who do not know how to use it

- allow students to explore how to use theapplication and give them time to share with

one another what they have learnt.

Teachers should choose hypermedia applications that have gooduse of various media to guide learners in meeting the intendedinstructional objectives.

They should base their decision on sound pedagogical principlesthat enhance learning of their sstudents


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The use of various media in a softwarepackages could support the instructional events.

Gagne et al(1981) identified the following nineinstructional events:

getting learners attention

Informing learners of lesson objectives

Stimulating recall of prior learningPresenting stimuli with distinctive features

Guiding learning, eliciting performance

Providing informative feedback

Assessing performance andEnhancing retention and learning transfer


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Software package

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A software packageis a bundle of one or more files that are eithernecessary for the execution of a computer programor add to features to aprogram already installed on one or more computers.

Software packages can either be in a standardised package format to beinstalled by a package management systemintegrated with the operating

system, or by a self-sufficient installer. This latter approach is commonly used by distributors of commercial,

proprietary software, particularly for installation on Microsoft Windows, andless often for Mac OS X, whereas more traditional, and particularly freeUnix-likeoperating systemsfavor the use of standardized formats that areextensions of file archiveformats.

Robert Cecil Martin(2002).Agile Software Development: Principles,Patterns and Practices. Pearson Education. ISBN 0-13-597444-5.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_management_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Installerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-likehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_archiverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cecil_Martinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0135974445http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0135974445http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0135974445http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0135974445http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0135974445http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0135974445http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0135974445http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0135974445http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cecil_Martinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_archiverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-likehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-likehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-likehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Installerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_management_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program


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Computer softwareis a general term used to

describe a collectionof computer programs,

proceduresand documentation that perform

some tasks on a computer system. The term includes application softwaresuch as

word processorswhich perform productive tasks

for users, system softwaresuch as operating

systems, which interface with hardwaretoprovide the necessary services for application

software.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collection


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Application software helps students to

complete a task eg. Word processor are

commonly used by students for writing

reports, essay and presentation of graphs.

What is the use of spread sheet ?


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Mathematical softwareis softwareused to model, analyze, orcalculate numeric, symbolic, or geometric data.

There are many type of software packages use for the foolowing:

- Computer algebra systems

- Statistics

- Geometry- Numerical analysis

A statistical packageis a suite of computer programsthat arespecialised for statistical analysis. It enables people to obtain theresults of standard statistical procedures and statistical significance

tests, without requiring low-level numerical programming. Moststatistical packages also provide facilities for data management.

Some of the packages are for free use and the common commercialone include SPSS

E l St ti ti
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_modellinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_modellinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software


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Example: Statistics program

SPSS (originally, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) wasreleased in its first version in 1968, and is among the most widely

used programs for statistical analysisin social science. It is used by market researchers, health researchers, survey

companies, government, education researchers, and others.

In addition to statistical analysis, data management (case selection,file reshaping, creating derived data) and data documentation (ametadatadictionary is stored with the data) are features of the base

software. Statistics included in the base software:

Descriptive statistics: Cross tabulation, Frequencies, Descriptives,Explore, Descriptive Ratio Statistics

Bivariate statistics: Means, t-test,ANOVA, Correlation(bivariate,partial, distances), Nonparametrictests

Prediction for numerical outcomes: Linear regression Prediction for identifying groups: Factor analysis, cluster analysis

(two-step, K-means, hierarchical), Discriminant
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_tabulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequencieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANOVAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonparametrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_regressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminant_analysis_%28in_marketing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminant_analysis_%28in_marketing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_regressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonparametrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANOVAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequencieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_tabulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mathematical_software

Surf the above web site to discover more mathematicalsoftware.

Modellus athttp://modellus.fct.unl.pt/mod/resource/view.php?id=336is a free software packages.

Modellus can help students experience minds-onlearning while creating, simulating, and analyzingmathematical models interactively on the computer.

You may download it and try the usefulness of thissoftware.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mathematical_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mathematical_softwarehttp://modellus.fct.unl.pt/mod/resource/view.php?id=336http://modellus.fct.unl.pt/mod/resource/view.php?id=336http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mathematical_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mathematical_software


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http://modellus.fct.unl.pt/mod/resource/view.php?id=336

Modellus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Modellusisa freelyavailable software package that enables students and teachers (high school

and college) to use mathematicsto create or explore models interactively..

Features

Creating and exploring mathematical models is a fundamental task in many sciences. Modelluscan help students experience minds-on learning while creating, simulating, and analyzingmathematical models interactively on the computer.

To set up a model, you just need to enter conventional mathematical equations and expressions(functions, differential equations and iterations). No programming language or special commands,either visual or written, are needed.

Constructing an animation of the model is just as easy: choose objects, like images or vectors,and assign properties, like position or size. With an easy-to-use Windows user interface, graphsand tables are also just a mouse-click away.

Modellus can be used as an exploratory (the user explores models made by others) or as anauthoring environment. Furthermore, models or any other window can be hidden and/ orprotected.

Modellus comes with pre-constructed interactive examples that illustrate many scientific concepts.There are also many others available on this website or from curriculum projects.

Modellus was designed by science education researchers to offer a software package with asound pedagogical basis. It can help teachers and students become familiar with the mathematics(the language of Nature, according to Galileo!). If you are interested in learning more about thepedagogy under Modellus, you can read a few papers about it.

Modellus was created by Vitor Duarte Teodoro, with the collaboration of Joo Paulo Duque Vieiraand Filipe Costa Clrigo. It was programmed by Joo Paulo Duque Vieira and Filipe CostaClrigo.
http://modellus.fct.unl.pt/mod/resource/view.php?id=336http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_schoolhttp://modellus.fct.unl.pt/mod/resource/view.php?id=336


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Geometer Sketch Pad (GSP) is a software

package that is very useful for the teaching and

learning mathematics.

Microsoft Office is a software that has manyapplications. Can you list them?

Mozilla Firefox is one of the many examples of

a web browser which is a software application.

Application software can be stored in CD as

teaching package


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ISL

In group, view a teaching package CD and

discuss at which point in a Mathematics

lesson you would use the CD.

(You may also look up in the internet for

some other relevant free teaching

package)

Present ISL discussion during tutorial.


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Reference:

Integrating Technology into Teaching and

Learning

concepts and Applications , An Asia-

Pacific Perspective

by Dr Michael D. Williams2000, Prentice Hill

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