external dynamics
TRANSCRIPT
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Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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WEATHERINGWeathering takes place as rocks are
broken down into progressively smaller pieces by the effects of atmospheric agents (water, ice, wind) and living beings.
These pieces do not move to a new location, they simply break down.
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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There are three types of weathering:
Chemical Weathering: is the descomposition of rocks through chemical reactions that change its mineral composition. It is caused by water, mainly.
For example: Oxidation.
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Mechanical Weathering: it takes place when rocks are broken down without any change in its chemical nature. The rocks are essentially torn apart by physical forces (of water, wind or living things).
For ex: Freeze-thaw weathering: when water in rocks freezes, it expands, breaking down materials.
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Biological Weathering: it is caused by living organisms.
http://www.uky.edu/AS/Geology/howell/goodies/elearning/module07swf.swf
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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AGENTS THAT SHAPE LANDSCAPEThe agents that shape landscape are water, wind, ice, gravity and ocean movements. They are responsible for these geological processes:
1. Erosion: it moves small pieces of weathering rocks to another place.
2. Transportation: it moves the eroded roch material.
3. Deposition: rock materials are deposited. It occurs when the transporting agent looses energy.
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Which geological process…?
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Wind may erode, transport and deposit rock materials. It is only effective in dry regions with not much vegetation. It erodes in two ways:
- Deflation: wind picks up small particles and leaves bigger ones. This produces the Desert Pavement.
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Abrasion: Small particles carried by the wind erode the rocks. The results are Mushroom-shaped Rocks and Arches.
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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The wind can create landforms when it deposits its sediments. These forms are called Dunes.
Large areas of Dunes are called Ergs.
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Glaciers are masses of moving ice.We can find them in alpine and polar
regions.The move from high areas to low areas by
the force of gravity.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qm43zJz6SWI&feature=related
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Glaciars erode landscape creating:
Striations: grooves in the bedrock.Galcial Valleys: U-shaped valleys.
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Glacial Cirques: rounded depressions where snows accumulate.
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/glaciers/
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Ice forms Glacial Tongues which carry and deposite rock material.
http://www.uky.edu/AS/Geology/howell/goodies/elearning/module13swf.swf
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Main glacial deposits are called Moraines (ridges of material).
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Rivers are masses of current water.They erode, transport and deposit
material. The predominant process on each course depends on the velocity of water:
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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In the upper course, rivers flow fast. Erosion and transportation are the dominant processes, creating:
V – shaped Valleys (narrow and deep). Waterfalls. Gorges.
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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In the middle course the velocity decreases and transportation is dominant.
Valleys are wade.Water forms deep bends called Meanders.
http://www.wwnorton.com/college/geo/egeo/animations/ch14.htm
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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In the lower course rivers are slow and deposition is dominant. Here is the river’s mouth.
If deposited material is pushed into the sea, a Delta will be formed.
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/rivers/
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Estuaries and Marshes are coastal areas where fresh water and salt water meet. They have a very special biodiversity because of the their particular salt content.
http://iessuel.org/ccnn/flash/cuenca.swfAutora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Karst LandscapesThey are landscapes produced by the
dissolving action of water on soluble rocks (carbonate).
Water dissolves carbonates creating geological structures on and under the ground surface.
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O 2 (HCO3)- + Ca2+
When water drips inside caves, the dissolved calcium carbonate forms deposits.
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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http://esp.brainpop.com/category_45/subcategory_445/subjects_3922/preview.weml
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Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Find a definition for each termLarge underground cavities.Depressions produced by the
collapse of underground cavities.
Natural resurgence of groundwater.
Deposits which grow downward from the cave ceiling.
Horizontal galery.Deposits which grow upward
from the cave floor.Vertical galery.
SpringStalactiteDolineCaveStalagmiteTunnelShaft
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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http://www.uky.edu/AS/Geology/howell/goodies/elearning/module01swf.swf
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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There are three types of water motion in oceans that model coastal areas:
1. Waves: are mainly caused by the wind. They erode, transport and deposit materials.2. Tides: caused by the gravitational atraction of the Moon and the Sun. They transport materials.
3. Currents: caused by differences of temperature. They transport materials.
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/tides/
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Erosion Landforms:
Bays
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/oceancurrents/
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Cliffs.Archs.Stacks
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Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Deposition Landforms:
Beaches.Spits.Sandbars.
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Sedimentary rocks are usually formed through these three processes:
1. Sedimentation: layers of sediments (pieces of rocks) are deposited.
2. Compaction: sediments on top compresses sediments at the bottom. Water is squeezed out from between the sediments, but the dissolved salts stay.
3. Cementation: These salts form a sort of glue that cements the pieces of rock together.
Autora: Marta GarcíaT.
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Autora: Marta GarcíaT.