extension is mo

!!del

extensionismo a g r í c o l a

a las redes

de innovación r u r a l

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!del

extensionismo a g r í c o l a

a las redes

de innovación r u r a l

Jorge Aguilar Ávila J. Reyes Altamirano Cárdenas

y Roberto Rendón Medel (coordinadores)

!!!!

Vinicio Horacio Santoyo Cortés (editor)

!! !

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Tabla de contenido

Introducción 23 I. Del extensionismo a las redes de innovación 31

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II. Pautas para desarrollar redes de innovación rural 71 @JBJ!X-!0*a#d:0!20!$0205!0*!-&!7$1'8('&! DB

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t:(*8&!&'8(N(2&2+!7$#a05(#*&-(3&$!&!-#5!0V80*5(#*(58&5!\!&505#$05! CS <0V8&!&'8(N(2&2+!?058(#*&$!-&!(*80$&''()*!\!%#N(-(3&$!

0-!'#*#'(%(0*8#!81'(8#!0V(580*80!0*!-&!$02! CD <U78(%&!&'8(N(2&2+!'&8&-(3&$!\!#$d:058&$!-&!$02!20!(**#N&'()*! CE

@JHJ!K0a0$0*'(&5! BAA !

!

BG!

III. Identificación de problemas y oportunidades en las redes de valor agroalimentarias 103 IJBJ!TU8#2#!20!&*1-(5(5!20!&'8#$05!(*N#-:'$&2#5!0*!$0205!20!N&-#$!

&?$#&-(%0*8&$(&5! BAI IJBJBJ![*8$#2:''()*! BAI IJBJ@J!,:;&!7&$&!-&!&''()*! BBA IJBJIJ!Xe0%7-#!20!&*1-(5(5!20!:*&!$02!20!N&-#$! BBI

IJ@J!T&$'#!&*&-;8('#!7&$&!-&!(20*8(a('&'()*!20!7$#b-0%&5]#7#$8:*(2&205!0*!$0205!20!N&-#$!&?$#&-(%0*8&$(&5! BHE IJ@JBJ!4(a(':-8&205!0*!-&!20a(*('()*!20!7$#b-0%&5! BHC IJ@J@J!4(&?$&%&!20!1$b#-!20!7$#b-0%&5! BSC IJ@JIJ!O*1-(5(5!20!#be08(N#5! BGI IJ@JHJ!Xe0%7-#!0*!-&!$02!20!N&-#$!%&;3! BGS

IJIJ!K0a0$0*'(&5! BGG IV. Alineación de las estrategias de intervención del extensionismo

en red, bajo la lógica de la evaluación basada en resultados 169 HJBJ!T&$'#!&*&-;8('#!7&$&!-&!&-(*0&'()*!20!058$&80?(&5!20!(*80$N0*'()*!

b&5&2&5!0*!%#20-#5!20!0V80*5(#*(5%#!0*!$02! BDA HJBJBJ!`#$%&8(N(2&2!*&'(#*&-!&7-('&b-0! BDA HJBJ@J!X58$&80?(&!20!(*80$N0*'()*! BDE

HJ@J!,:;&!%08#2#-)?('&!7&$&!-&!&-(*0&'()*!20!058$&80?(&5!20!(*80$N0*'()*!20!0V80*5(#*(5%#!0*!$02!b&e#!-&!-)?('&!20!-&!0N&-:&'()*!b&5&2&!0*!$05:-8&2#5! BEI HJ@JBJ!P#*'078#5!:8(-(3&2#5+!7-&*0&'()*!\!7$05:7:058&'()*! BEI HJ@J@J!T#20-#!20!&-(*0&'()*!7&$&!$05:-8&2#5! BES

HJIJ!K0a0$0*'(&5! BEE V. Construcción de indicadores de resultados para la evaluación

de impactos multidimensionales de estrategias de extensionismo en red 189 SJBJ!T&$'#!&*&-;8('#!7&$&!0N&-:&$!(%7&'8#5!%:-8(2(%0*5(#*&-05!

20!058$&80?(&5!20!(*80$N0*'()*!b&5&2&5!0*!%#20-#5!20!0V80*5(#*(5%#!0*!$02! BCA SJBJBJ!9&![**#N&'()*! BCA SJBJ@J!XV80*5(#*(5%#!0*!$02! BCB SJBJIJ!9&!0N&-:&'()*!20!(%7&'8#5! BC@

SJ@J!,:;&!%08#2#-)?('&!7&$&!0N&-:&$!(%7&'8#5!%:-8(2(%0*5(#*&-05!20!058$&80?(&5!20!(*80$N0*'()*!b&5&2&5!0*!%#20-#5!20!0V80*5(#*(5%#!0*!$02! BCI SJ@JBJ!4(%0*5()*!5#'(&-!Y&-'&*'0!\!'&-(2&2!20!&-'&*'0Z! BCI SJ@J@J!4(%0*5()*!0'#*)%('&!Y$0*8&b(-(2&2!20!-&!058$&80?(&Z! BCC SJ@JIJ!4(%0*5()*!&%b(0*8&-! @AB SJ@JHJ!4(%0*5()*!7#-;8('#!(*58(8:'(#*&-! @A@

SJIJ!K0a0$0*'(&5! @AI

!

BD!!

VI. Animación de la interacción con actores clave en cadenas agroalimentarias 205 GJBJ!"#%0*8#!20!-&!(*80$&''()*!7&$&!-&!(**#N&'()*!'#*!&'8#$05!'-&N0!

0*!$0205!20!N&-#$!&?$#&-(%0*8&$(&5! @AS GJBJBJ!9&!(*80$&''()*!'#%#!Q0$$&%(0*8&!7&$&!a#%0*8&$!

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GJIJ!/&'(&!-&!?058()*!20!-&!(*80$&''()*!'#*!a(*05!20!(**#N&'()*! @@H GJHJ!K0a0$0*'(&5! @@G

VII. Selección y contratación de profesionales para la gestión de la innovación en redes de valor agroalimentarias 229 DJBJ!<0-0''()*!20!7$#a05(#*&-05!7&$&!(*80?$&$!0d:(7#5!7&$&!-&!?058()*!

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20!50-0''()*! @IA DJBJIJ!K:b$#5!&!0N&-:&$!0*!-#5!'&*2(2&8#5! @I@ DJBJHJ!<(580%&8(3&'()*!\!&*1-(5(5!20!-#5!$05:-8&2#5! @HA DJBJSJ!X-!7$#'05#!20!50-0''()*!20!0N&-:&2#$05! @HB

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20!50$N('(#5!7$#a05(#*&-05!7&$&!-&!(*80?$&'()*!20!0d:(7#5!8U'*('#5! @SA

DJIJ!m&505!7&$&!7$#a05(#*&-(3&$!&!-#5!0V80*5(#*(58&5! @SI DJHJ!P#*5(20$&'(#*05! @SH!DJSJ!K0a0$0*'(&5! @SG

Reflexión final: Del extensionismo agrícola a las redes de innovación rural 257

A N E X O S 261

!

BE!

!!

Lista de cuadros

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<0'8#$(&-!\!-#5!=$#?$&%&5!20!P#0e0$'('(#! BDS P:&2$#!HFIJ!_$(0*8&'()*>!0N&-:&'()*!\!a#'#!20!-&5!M*(2&205!WU'*('&5!

X570'(&-(3&2&5!0*!#70$&'()*!0*!-#5!7$#?$&%&5!20!-&!<O,OK=O! BEA P:&2$#!SFBJ!O-'&*'0!20!-&5!&'8(N(2&205!20!2(a:5()*!20!(**#N&'(#*05! BCG !

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P:&2$#!SFIJ![%7&'8#!20!-#5!0d:(7#5!8U'*('#5!#!O,[!0*!-&!&2#7'()*!20!(**#N&'(#*05! BCC

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20!50$N('(#5!7$#a05(#*&-05! @SB !

Lista de figuras

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!

!

Introducción

Jorge Aguilar Ávila* J. Reyes Altamirano Cárdenas‡

Roberto Rendón Medel#

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24 JORGE AGUILAR, J. REYES ALTAMIRANO Y ROBERTO RENDÓN

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INTRODUCCIÓN

29

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!

!

CAPÍTULO I

Del extensionismo a las redes de innovación

Manrrubio Muñoz Rodríguez* Vinicio Horacio Santoyo Cortés#

1.1. Presentación =&$&!-#5!7&;505>!0%7$05&5!\!&?$(':-8#$05!d:0!50!0*':0*8$&*!&!-&!N&*?:&$2(&!20!-&!0'#*#%;&!%:*2(&->!0-!b&-&*'0!0*8$0!'#*#'(%(0*8#5!\!$0':$5#5!50!Q&!2057-&3&2#!Q&'(&!-#5!7$(%0$#5!Q&58&!0-!0V8$0%#!20!d:0!Q&*!7&5&2#!&!50$!0-!a&'8#$!%15!2080$%(*&*80!20-!*(N0-!20!N(2&!v%15!d:0!-#5!$0':$5#5!*&8:$&F-05>!0-!'&7(8&-!\!-&!%&*#!20!#b$&!b&$&8&vJ!O5;>!-&5!0'#*#%;&5!%15!205&$$#F--&2&5! 0581*! a($%0%0*80! b&5&2&5! 0*! '#*#'(%(0*8#5J! X*! 0a0'8#>! 2(N0$5#5!058:2(#5!0'#*#%U8$('#5!$0N0-&*!d:0!&7$#V(%&2&%0*80!-&!%(8&2!20!-&5!2(Fa0$0*'(&5!0*8$0!7&;505!0*!':&*8#!&-!(*?$05#!70$!'17(8&!\!0-!$(8%#!20!'$0'(F%(0*8#! 5#*! $05:-8&2#! 20! -&5! 2(a0$0*'(&5! 0*! -&! 7$#2:'8(N(2&2! 8#8&-! 20!a&'8#$05!Y=W"Z>!?0*0$&-%0*80!&8$(b:(2&!&-!205&$$#--#!80'*#-)?('#!\!&!-&!'&F7&'(2&2!(**#N&2#$&J!X58#5!8U$%(*#5!20b0*!0*80*20$50!0*!50*8(2#!&%7-(#>!0*!$0a0$0*'(&!*#!5)-#!&! -&!'&7&'(2&2!20!'#%7$#%080$50!0*!&'8(N(2&205!20!(*N058(?&'()*! \! 205&$$#--#! d:0! 0N0*8:&-%0*80! 7:020*! #! *#! $02:*2&$! 0*!*:0N#5!7$#2:'8#5>!5(*#!8&%b(U*!0*!$0a0$0*'(&!&-!:5#!0a('(0*80!20!80'*#-#?;&5!\!&!-&!&2#7'()*!\!&2&78&'()*!20!#8$&5!*:0N&5!Y"0$$&*8(!et al.,!@AAI|!/&--!\!g#*05>!BCCC|!4#--&$!\!n#-a>!BCCDZJ!

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32 MANRRUBIO MUÑOZ Y V. HORACIO SANTOYO

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DEL EXTENSIONISMO A LAS REDES DE INNOVACIÓN

33

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35

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37

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51

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53

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Cuadro 1-1. Cobertura y objetivos de las estrategias para la prestación de servicios profesionales en el medio rural con recursos de coejercicio

de la SAGARPA (2008)

Estrategia y proporción de recursos Objetivos de la estrategia

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Cuadro 1-2. Cinco características de la extensión tradicional que deben revertirse radicalmente de acuerdo con Engel (2004)

1. Su carácter lineal: `#!05!5)-#!0-!'#*8&'8#!'#*!-&!'(0*'(&!d:0!7$(%&!0*!-&5!*0'05(2&205!20-!70d:06#!7$#2:'8#$!20!Q#\!2;&>!5(*#!0-!(*80$F$0-&'(#*&%(0*8#!'#*!8#2#5!&d:0--#5!&'8#$05!5#'(&-05!'#*!-#5!':&-05!U-!#!0--&! 7:020! 0*! :*! %#%0*8#! 2&2#! a#$%&$! &-(&*3&5! 058$&8U?('&5! 7&$&! 20a(*($! \! $0&-(3&$!7$#7:058&5! 7$#2:'8(N&5! N(&b-05! \! 5#580*(b-05J! 9&! 0V80*5()*! 20b0$;&! 0*8#*'05! facilitar el “enredamiento”’ (networking) 20!-#5!70d:06#5!7$#2:'8#$05!0*8$0!0--#5!%(5%#5!\!'#*!8#2#5!-#5!#8$#5!&'8#$05!8&%b(U*J!2. Su desprecio por los conocimientos no científicos: 9&! 0V80*5()*! 8$&2('(#*&-! 50! 70$a(-&! '#%#! N0Q;':-#! 20! 8$&*5a0$0*'(&! 20! '#*#'(%(0*8#5!'(0*8;a('#5!h*('&%0*80J!X*!%:'Q#5!'&5#5!50!--0?&b&!&-!0V8$0%#!20!2057$0'(&$!0-!&7#$80!20!-#5!%(5%#5!7$#2:'8#$05J!X-!$#-!20!-&!0V80*5()*!0$&!20!8$&*5a0$($!-#!d:0!-#5!&?$)*#%#5!#!8U'*('#5!&7$0*2;&*!0*!-&!:*(N0$5(2&2!Q&'(&!0-!%:*2#!'&%705(*#!\!*#!N('0N0$5&J!9&!0V80*5()*!50!2($(?;&!8$&2('(#*&-%0*80! 5#-#! &! -&! 7$#2:''()*>! ?0*0$&*2#! :*! %:*2#! 20! &?$)*#%#5! *08&%0*80!8U'*('#5>!5(*!%&\#$!7$0#':7&'()*>!*(!'#*#'(%(0*8#!20!-&!'#%0$'(&-(3&'()*>!-&!#$?&*(3&'()*!#!-&!?058()*!0%7$05&$(&-J!P#b$&!%:'Q&! (%7#$8&*'(&!Q#\!0*!2;&>!7#$!0e0%7-#>! -&!0V70$(%0*8&'()*!'&%705(*&>! 7&$&! -#?$&$! :*&! (*80?$&'()*! 20-! '#*#'(%(0*8#! '&%705(*#! '#*! 0-! '(0*8;a('#! \!8U'*('#J!3. Su falta de orientación hacia las demandas de los productores y las exigencias de los mercados: _b505()*! 7#$! :*&! #a0$8&! 80'*#-)?('&! 2080$%(*&2&J! <0! 20a(*0*! 20! &*80%&*#! -#5! '#*80*(2#5!8U'*('#5! 20! -#5! 7$#?$&%&5! 0*! b&50! &! :*&! #a0$8&! 80'*#-)?('&! d:0>! 50?h*! -#5! 8U'*('#5>! 05!&20':&2&!7&$&!-&!058$&80?(&!20!205&$$#--#!&?$#70':&$(&!&2#78&2&J!9:0?#>!'#*!b&58&*80!$(?(203!50! (%7-0%0*8&*! -#5!7$#?$&%&5>!205'&-(a('&*2#!&! -#5!7$#2:'8#$05!d:0!*#!d:(0$0*!&2#78&$! 0-!7&d:080! 0*80$#! '#%#! �$05(580*805! &-! '&%b(#�! X*! :*! '#*80V8#! 20! %0$'&2#5! �*('Q#5�! \!80%7#$&$(#5! 50! $0d:(0$0! %:'Q#! %15! a-0V(b(-(2&2! 0*! -#5! %0*5&e05! 8U'*('#5>! :*! &e:580! &! -&!20%&*2&! \! -&5! '&7&'(2&205! 20! -#5! 7$#7(#5! &?$(':-8#$05>! 7#$! :*! -&2#>! \! &! -&5! 0V(?0*'(&5!2(*1%('&5!20!-#5!%0$'&2#5!7$(*'(7&-05>!7#$!0-!#8$#J!!4. Su enfoque paternalista: 9#5! 0V80*5(#*(58&5! a:0$#*! 02:'&2#5! 7&$&! '$00$! d:0! 0--#5! 5#*! -&5! a:0*805! 20-! N0$2&20$#!'#*#'(%(0*8#!&?$;'#-&!\!d:0>!7#$!-#!8&*8#>!80*;&*!d:0!?:(&$>!5(!*#!2($(?($!&!-#5!'&%705(*#5!Q&'(&!#be08(N#5! \!%U8#2#5! d:0! U58#5! 5#-#5! *#! 0$&*! '&7&'05! 20! 0*80*20$J! X*! N03! 20! &505#$! 20! :*!7$#2:'8#$>! 0-! 0V80*5(#*(58&! 50! '$0;&! %&058$#! 20! :*! (?*#$&*80J! X58#>! '#%#! -#! Q&! 0V7$05&2#!'-&$&%0*80!=&:-#!"$0($0!*#!5)-#!(*Q(b0!0-!7$#'05#!20!&7$0*2(3&e0!20-!7$#2:'8#$!%(5%#!5(*#!8&%b(U*! 20-! 0V80*5(#*(58&J! c! 7#$! 0*20>! (*Q(b0! :*! &N&*'0! $17(2#! Q&'(&! *:0N#5! Q#$(3#*805!7$#2:'8(N#5J!5. Su atención al productor individual: X5! *0'05&$(#! $0%02(&$! -&! #$(0*8&'()*! '&5(! 0V'-:5(N&! 20! -&! 0V80*5()*! 8$&2('(#*&-! Q&'(&! 0-!7$#2:'8#$! (*2(N(2:&-J! X*!058#5!2;&5>! -#5!7$#2:'8#$05! 8(0*0*!d:0! 50$! '&7&'05!20!#$?&*(3&$50>!a#$%&$! ?$:7#5! 20! (*80$'&%b(#! 0! (*80$F&7$0*2(3&e0>! 0%7$05&5! &?$#F'#%0$'(&-05! \! '$0&$!&-(&*3&5! 058$&8U?('&5! '#*! #8$#5! &'8#$05! 5#'(&-05! 20-! '&%7#! \! 20! -&! '(:2&2! 7&$&! 0*a$0*8&$! -&!2:$&!'#%7080*'(&!7#$!-#5!%0$'&2#5!\!-#5!$0':$5#5!*&8:$&-05J!

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55

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!Figura 1-1. Árbol de problemas y oportunidades del Sistema de Centros de Evaluación Especializados (SCEE)

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!Figura 1-2. Estructura básica de una red de innovación agroalimentaria

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OrquestadorY&*(%&!-&!$02Z

FinanciadorInvestigador/Formador

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Productivoagroalimentario

Transformador

Proveedor


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1.9. Referencias m0$20?:U>!g:-(#>!@AA@>!j9&5!$0a#$%&5!20!-#5!5(580%&5!20!0V80*5()*!0*!O%UF

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P&*8#$>!"0$*&*2#>!@AAG>!j�t:U!7$#\0''()*!Q&!Q0'Q#!-&!a&':-8&2!20!'(0*'(&5!Q&'(&!-&!'#%:*(2&2�kJ!Kevista Facultad de Ciencias Básicas>!N#-J!@>!*h%J!BJ!M*(N0$5(2&2!T(-(8&$!`:0N&!,$&*&2&J!m#?#81>!P#-#%b(&J!

40!"0$$&*8(>!4&N(2>!,:(--0$%#!XJ!=0$$\>! [*20$%(8!<J!,(-->! g#5U!9:(5!,:&5'Q>!n(--(&%! "J! T&-#*0\>! P&$#-(*&! <1*'Q03! \! `#$b0$8! <'Q&2\>! @AAI>!Cerrando la brecha en educación y tecnologíaJ! X58:2(#5!20-!m&*'#!T:*2(&-!5#b$0!O%U$('&!9&8(*&!\!0-!P&$(b0J!n#$-2!m&*RJ!n&5Q(*?8#*J!

4#--&$>! 4&N(2! \! X2^&$2! `J! n#-a>! BCCD>! jP#*N0$?0*'0! #a! (*2:58$\! -&b#$!7$#2:'8(N(8\! &%#*?! &2N&*'02! 0'#*#%(05>! BCGIFBCE@kJ! X2^&$2!`J!n#-a>!'#%7>!The economics of productivityJ!X-?&$>!MJ�J!

XRb#($>!g&N(0$!TJ>!,&b$(0-&!4:8$U*(8>!,$(50-2&!.J!T&$8;*03>!O$8:$#!W#$$05!\!O-0V&*2$0!.0$&FP$:3>!@AAG>!Las fundaciones PRODUCE a diez años de su creación: pensando en el futuro.! [<`OK! 4(5':55(#*! =&70$J!["=K[J!n&5Q(*?8#*J!4(57#*(b-0!0*+! !Q887+]]^^^J(a7$(J#$?]*#20]IGCGJ!

X*?0->!=&:->!@AAH>!j"&'(-(8&*2#!0-!205&$$#--#!5#580*(b-0+!�Q&'(&!:*&!0V80*F5()*! %#20$*&�k! Boletín InterCambio>! &6#! B>! *h%J! BAJ!Q887+]]^^^J$(%(57J#$?]b#-08(*05]b#-BAJ!

"O_F<O,OK=O>!@AA@>!@AAH!\!@AAG>!Evaluación nacional del Subprograma de Investigación y Transferencia de TecnologíaJ! TUV('#J!^^^J0N&-&-(&*3&J#$?J%VJ!

"#$#!P#*5:-8(N#!P(0*8;a('#!\!W0'*#-)?('#>!@AAG>!Bases para una política de Estado en ciencia, tecnología e innovación en México. .0$5()*!7&$&!'#%0*8&$(#5J!TUV('#J!^^^Ja#$#'#*5:-8(N#J#$?J%VJ!

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g&*550*>!n(--0%!\![*2($&!XR&*&\&R0>!@AAD>!jM*!&*1-(5(5!'#%7&$&2#!20!-#5!5(580%&5! 20! 0V80*5()*! 0*! O%U$('&! 9&8(*&kJ! <(-(>! T&$'0-#|! [*2($&!XR&*&\&R0! \!n(--0%! g&*550*>! Informe final del Seminario sobre Extensión Agrícola en ParaguayJ!n#$-2!m&*RJ!=&$&?:&\J!

g&*550*>!n(--0%>!BCCC>!Tendencias en la organización y el financiamiento de la investigación agrícola en los países desarrolladosJ! <0$(0!K05h%0*05! Xe0':8(N#5! *h%J! BIJ! =$#?$&%&! P##70$&8(N#! 7&$&! 0-!405&$$#--#! W0'*#-)?('#! O?$#70':&$(#! 20! <:2&%U$('&>!=K_P[<MK>! m&*'#! [*80$&%0$('&*#! 20! 405&$$#--#J! _'8:b$0! 20!BCCCJ!T#*80N(20#J!

9:*2N&-->! m0*?8FOR0>! BCC@>! National systems of innovation: towards a theory of innovation and interactive learningJ! =(*80$! =:b-(5Q0$5J!9#*2#*J!

9:*2N&-->!m0*?8FOR0>!BCCC>! jW0'Q*#-#?\!7#-('\! (*! 8Q0! -0&$*(*?!0'#*#%\kJ!O$'Q(b:?(>! /#^0--5! \!T('Q(0! YX2JZ>! Innovation policy in a global economyJ!P&%b$(2?0!M*(N0$5(8\!=$055J!9#*2#*J!

T'T&Q#*>!T&88Q0^!OJ!\!4&N(2!`(0-5#*> BCCE>!“9&!%#20$*(3&'()*!20!-#5!5(5F80%&!7hb-('#5!0*!O%U$('&!9&8(*&+!�7#$!d:U!\!')%#�k!Experiencias de servicios privatizados y descentralizados de asesoría a la agricultura campesina en América Latina y el CaribeJ!4#':%0*8#!20!2(5':5()*J!K[T[<=J!Q887+]]^^^Ja(2&%0$('&J'-]&'8(N(2&205]'#*a0$0*'(&5]0V80*5(#*](N'#*2b%JQ8%-J!

T08'&-a0>!<8&*>!@AAA>!Science, technology and innovation policy in developing economiesJ!W$&b&e#!7$050*8&2#!0*!0-!8&--0$!5#b$0!P#%708(8(N(2&2!X%7$05&$(&-!\!=#-;8('&5!=hb-('&5>!*#NJ!@@F@S!20BCCC!0*!m&$b&2#5J!

T:6#3>!T&*$$:b(#>!K#b0$8#!K0*2)*>!g#$?0!O?:(-&$>!gJ!K0\05!O-8&%($&*#!\!gJ!,:&2&-:70!,&$';&>!@AAH>!Redes de innovaciónJ!M*(N0$5(2&2!O:8)F*#%&!PQ&7(*?#v":*2&'()*!=K_4MPX!T('Q#&'1*J!TUV('#J!

`0-5#*>!K('Q&$2!KJ!\!<(2*0\!,J!n(*80$>!BCDD>!j[*!50&$'Q!#a!&!:50a:-!8Q0#$\!#a!(**#N&8(#*kJ!Research Policy>!GYBZ+IGFDGJ!`0^!c#$RJ!


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=&N(88>!�0(8Q>!BCEE>!j[*80$*&8(#*&-!7&880$*5!#a!80'Q*#-#?('&-!&'':%:-&8(#*kJ!/##2>! `J! \! gJ! XJ! .&Q-*0! Y02JZ>! Strategies in global competitionJ!P$##%!/0-%J!9#*2#*J!

K&2e#:>!`&N(!\!T('Q0--0!9:55&*08>!@AAG>! jO!d:&*8(8&8(N0!0N&-:&8(#*!#a!@G!*&8(#*5! (*! a#:$! ?-#b&-! (**#N&8(#*! '#%7080*'(05kJ! The Forrester Wave: National Innovation Networks>!tH>!@AAGJ! !^^^Ja#$$0580$J'#%J!

K&2e#:>! `&N(>! @AAH>! [nnovation networks: a new market structure will revitalize invention-to-innovation cycles.!^^^Ja#$$0580$J'#%J!

K#?0$5>!XN0$088!TJ>!BCCS>!Diffusion of innovationsJ!"$00!=$055J!`0^!c#$RJ!K#N0$0>!T&$(#!KJ>!BCCG>!Redes en salud: un nuevo paradigma para el abor-

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<1*'Q03>!g#5U!i*?0->!@AAS>!La tecnología y la innovación como soporte del desarrolloJ! ":*2&'()*! P_WXP! 7&$&! -&! [**#N&'()*! W0'*#-)?('&J!T&2$(2J!^^^J'#80'J05J!

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CAPÍTULO II

Pautas para desarrollar redes de innovación rural

Manrrubio Muñoz Rodríguez* Vinicio Horacio Santoyo Cortés#

2.1. El enfoque de redes en la práctica X-!0*a#d:0!20!$0205!5:$?()!0*!0-!1%b(8#!20!-&!&*8$#7#-#?;&!\!20!-&!75('#F-#?;&!5#'(&-!70$#!Q&!0*'#*8$&2#!&7-('&'(#*05!0*!'&%7#5!%:\!2(N0$5#5!'#F%#! -&! 5#'(#-#?;&>! -&! 7#-;8('&>! -&! %02('(*&! \>! %15! $0'(0*80%0*80>! 0*! -&!0'#*#%;&!\!0*!7&$8(':-&$!0*!058:2(#5!20!(**#N&'()*!YT:6#3!et al.,!@AAHZ!\!20!%#N(-(2&2!5#'(&-!Y4#%;*?:03>!@AAHZJ!

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=#580$(#$%0*80>!0*!0-!&6#!@AAG!-&!"O_!20'(2()!&2#78&$!-#5!&N&*'05!'#*F'078:&-05! \! %08#2#-)?('#5! 20! -#5! 058:2(#5! \! 0%7$0*2(%(0*8#5! &*80$(#$05!'#*!0-!a(*!20!0N&-:&$!-#5!(%7&'8#5!20-!=$#?$&%&!20![*N058(?&'()*!\!W$&*5a0F$0*'(&!20!W0'*#-#?;&!#70$&2#!7#$!-#5!#$?&*(5%#5!20*#%(*&2#5!":*2&'(#*05!=K_4MPX!&!*(N0-!*&'(#*&->!50-0''(#*1*2#50!50(5!'&20*&5!7$#2:'8(N&5!0*!50(5!058&2#5!2(a0$0*805!Y"O_>!@AAGZJ!40520!0*8#*'05!50!Q&*!$0&-(3&2#!%15!20!2(03!058:2(#5!5(%(-&$05!0*!-#5!5(580%&5!7$#2:'8#!&$$#3>!b#N(*#5>!'&7$(*#5>!#N(*#5>!7#$'(*#5>!&7(':-8:$&>! (*N0$*&20$#5>!7(5'(':-8:$&>! a-#$(':-8:$&>!08'U80$&J!X*8$0!-#5!7$(*'(7&-05!Q&--&3?#5!2058&'&*!-#5!5(?:(0*805+!

2.1.1. Fuentes de información y conocimientos para innovar

=&$&!:*!&'8#$!d:0!#70$&!0*!0-!05-&b)*!7$(%&$(#!20!':&-d:(0$!5(580%&!7$#F2:'8#>! 0V(580*! 7#$! -#! %0*#5! d:(*'0! 2(a0$0*805! a:0*805! 20! (*a#$%&'()*>!5(0*2#! -&! $07$050*8&2&! 7#$! #8$#5! 7$#2:'8#$05! #! 7#$! 0--#5! %(5%#5! Y%0F2(&*80!7$:0b&5!20!0*5&\#!\!0$$#$Z>!-&5!7$(*'(7&-05!a:0*805!20!$0a0$0*'(&!20!(**#N&'()*!7&$&! '0$'&!20-!DAu!20! -#5! &'8#$05J! 90! 5(?:0*! 0*! (%7#$8&*'(&!-#5!7$#N002#$05!20!(*5:%#5!\!%:\!-0e&*&%0*80!-#5!'0*8$#5!20!0*506&*3&!0!(*N058(?&'()*!'#*!%0*#5!20-!Su!20!-#5!7$#2:'8#$05!d:0!%0*'(#*&*!058&!a:0*80!20!(*a#$%&'()*!YP:&2$#!@FBZJ!X58#!$0N0-&!-&!7$050*'(&!20!2#5!?$&*F205!a:0*805!20!&7$0*2(3&e0!&!-&5!':&-05!$0':$$0*!-#5!&?$(':-8#$05!#!?&*&20F$#5+!Y(Z!&7$0*20$!Q&'(0*2#!#!7$#2:'(0*2#>!-#!':&-!(%7-('&!-&!7#5(b(-(2&2!20!a$&'&5&$! \! 7#$! 8&*8#! 20! &7$0*20$! \|! Y((Z! &7$0*20$! (*80$&'8:&*2#! '#*! -#5!7$#N002#$05!20!(*5:%#5!\!50$N('(#5>!'#*!-&5!(*58(8:'(#*05!20!(*N058(?&'()*!\!5#b$0!8#2#!'#*!#8$#5!7$#2:'8#$05J!

9&!a:0$80!7$07#*20$&*'(&!20!-#5!7$#2:'8#$05!'#%#!a:0*80!20!&7$0*F2(3&e0! 5:?(0$0! d:0! 0-! 8(7#! 20! '#*#'(%(0*8#! 2#*20! 50! '(%(0*8&! 7$1'8('&F%0*80! 8#2#! 0-! 7$#'05#! 20! (**#N&'()*! 05! 20-! 8(7#! 81'(8#>! 05! 20'($>! 0-!'#*#'(%(0*8#!$0a0$(2#!&!-&5!2058$03&5!&2d:($(2&5!&!7&$8($!20!-&!0V70$(0*'(&!2($0'8&! 0*!&'8(N(2&205!7$#2:'8(N&5!\!20!?058()*J!40b(2#!&! 5:! '&$1'80$!*#!'#2(a('&2#!0*!7:b-('&'(#*05>!':$5#5!\!b&505!20!2&8#5!'#*!7#5(b(-(2&2!20!50$!&2d:($(2#5!0*!0-!%0$'&2#>!-&!h*('&!%&*0$&!20!8$&*5a0$($!0580!8(7#!20!'#*#F'(%(0*8#!05!%02(&*80!0-!(%7:-5#!20!%0'&*(5%#5!20!'#*8&'8#!70$5#*&-!\!20!'#%:*('&'()*! 2($0'8&! 0*8$0! -#5! &'8#$05! \! 0-! 205&$$#--#! 20! $0-&'(#*05! 20!'#*a(&*3&J!X580!05>!7$0'(5&%0*80>!0-!7$(*'(7&-!%0'&*(5%#!b&e#!0-!':&-!0581*!(**#N&*2#!-#5!7$#2:'8#$05!%0V('&*#5J!

PAUTAS PARA DESARROLLAR REDES DE INNOVACIÓN RURAL

73

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Cuadro 2-1. Fuentes de información y conocimientos para innovar (% de productores)

Fuentes/red de valor

Veracruz (bovinos

doble propósito)

Sinaloa (bovinos

doble propósito)

Estado de México

(maíz)

Sinaloa (maíz)

Guerrero (limón)

Tamaulipas (naranja)

XV70$(%0*8&'()*!7$#7(&! @EJB! BDJH! S@JI! IEJE! BBJE! HIJE!

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2.1.2. Brechas tecnológicas

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Cuadro 2-2. Brechas tecnológicas (variación en la adopción de innovaciones necesarias para alcanzar competitividad)

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Cuadro 2-3. Tasa de adopción de Innovaciones entre tres tipos de productores (%)

Sistema producto/estado Productor típico

Productor referido

Productor líder

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2.1.5. Patrón de interacciones con fines de aprendizaje

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!Figura 2-2. Patrón de interacciones entre productores de limón mexicano

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Figura 2-3. Patrón de interacciones observadas con fines de intercambio de información y conocimientos para innovar


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2.1.6. La fuerza de los vínculos débiles

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85

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Oprende de la gente. Planifica con la gente.

Comienza con lo que tienen. Construye sobre lo que saben los mejores.

Una vez cumplida la tarea. Todo el mundo dirá:

¡Lo hemos hecho nosotros!!!

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Tercera actividad: fortalecer la calidad de la oferta de los PSP de la red

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Cuadro 2-4. Principales Unidades Técnicas Especializadas del componente de Asistencia Técnica

Área estratégica Unidad Técnica Especializada =K_TO"!Y&'#%7&6&%(0*8#!8U'*('#Z P#-0?(#!20!=#58?$&2:&2#5!O5(580*'(&!WU'*('&!=0':&$(& [`["O=P#*50$N&'()*!\!M5#!<:580*8&b-0!20!O?:&!\!<:0-# P#-0?(#!20!=#58?$&2:&2#5!

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Cuarta actividad: alinear incentivos con el CONACYT para que las Instituciones de enseñanza e investigación del sector se comprometan con los procesos de innovación

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95

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Quinta actividad: profesionalizar a los extensionistas y asesores

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M*&!7$#b-0%18('&! 8&*!'#%7-0e&!'#%#! -&!d:0!0*a$0*8&*! -&5!M*(2&205!20!=$#2:''()*!K:$&->!*#!7:020!50$!&80*2(2&!0a('&3%0*80!'#*!05d:0%&5!20!'#*8$&8&'()*!b&5&2#5!0*!8U'*('#5!(*2(N(2:&-05>!$0-&8(N&%0*80!058&*2&$(3&F2#5!0*!':&*8#!&!5:!70$a(->!5)-#!&?$)*#%#5!#!N080$(*&$(#5!7#$!0e0%7-#J!9&!(**#N&'()*!0*!$02!20b0!50$!'&7&3!20!(20*8(a('&$!\!&80*20$!-&5!*0'05(2&205!20!'#*#'(%(0*8#5!20%&*2&5!7&$&!'&2&!'&5#!0570';a('#|!7#$!0--#!0-!70$a(-!\!'#%7#5('()*!20!-#5!0d:(7#5!8U'*('#5!d:0!50!'#*8$&80*!20b0*!50$!a-0V(b-05!\!&2&78&2#5! &-! 7$#b-0%&!d:0! 50! d:(0$0! &80*20$J! [*'-:5#! 0*! &-?:*#5! '&5#5>!'#%#!0*!0-!20-!=X<O>!-&!'#*8$&8&'()*!20!0d:(7#5!8U'*('#5!a#$%&-%0*80!(*F80?$&2#5!05!:*!$0d:(5(8#>!\&!d:0!Q&!$02:'(2#!-#5!7$#b-0%&5!d:0!?0*0$&*!-&!$#8&'()*>!0d:(7&%(0*8#!\!'&7&'(8&'()*!20!:*&!$02!20!8U'*('#5!(*2(N(2:&-05J!=#$!#8$&!7&$80>!0*!0-!%#20-#!20!O?0*'(&5!7&$&!-&!,058()*!20!-&![**#N&'()*!YO,[Z>!':&*2#!50!Q&*!80*(2#!2(a(':-8&205!7&$&!0*'#*8$&$!058#5!0d:(7#5!\&!'#*58(8:(2#5>!50!Q&*! (*('(&2#!&'8(N(2&205!'#*8$&8&*2#!7$#a05(#*(58&5! (*2(FN(2:&-05>! d:0!&-! '&b#!20!:*#!#!2#5! '('-#5!20! 8$&b&e#>! 50! (*80?$&*! a#$%&-F%0*80!'#*!b&50!&!&a(*(2&2!70$5#*&-!\!'#%7-0%0*8&$(02&2!7$#a05(#*&-J!

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97

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Sexta actividad: gestionar la interacción y movilizar el conocimiento tácito existente en la red

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Séptima actividad: catalizar y orquestar la red de innovación

40-!&*1-(5(5!20!-&5!&'8(N(2&205!506&-&2&5!&*80$(#$%0*80>!05!'-&$#!d:0!0V(5F80*!':&8$#!?$&*205!?$:7#5!20!&''(#*05!&!205&$$#--&$!0*!:*&!7#-;8('&!7hb-(F'&!7&$&!-&!7$#%#'()*!20-!0V80*5(#*(5%#!\!-&!(**#N&'()*!$:$&-+!

1. Acciones estratégicas.! [*'-:\0*!-&!20a(*('()*!20!'&20*&5>!80$$(8#F$(#5!\!:*(2&205!20!7$#2:''()*!5#b$0!-&5!d:0!50!2050&!a#'&-(3&$!0-!05a:0$3#>!'#*!b&50!&!-&!(20*8(a('&'()*!$(?:$#5&!20!-#5!7$#b-0%&5!\!#7#$8:*(2&205!8#F$&-05!d:0!50!7$050*8&*J!X*!0580!1%b(8#>!d:0!8(0*0!:*!'#%7#*0*80!7#-;8('#!(**0?&b-0>!05! a:*2&%0*8&-! -&!7&$8('(7&'()*!20-!%15!&-8#!*(N0-!20! -#5!2(a0F$0*805!)$20*05!20!?#b(0$*#>!&5;!'#%#!-&!'#*5:-8&!5#'(&-!&!8$&NU5!20!-#5!5(5F80%&5! 7$#2:'8#>! -#5! P#*50e#5! 20! 405&$$#--#! $:$&->! -&5! #$?&*(3&'(#*05!$0?(#*&-05! 20! 7$#2:'8#$05>! 08'J! X58&5! &''(#*05! 20b0*! 058&b-0'0$! #$(0*8&F'(#*05!20!%02(&*#!\!-&$?#!7-&3#!d:0!20*!058&b(-(2&2!\!7-&3#5!20!%&2:$&F'()*!5:a('(0*805!&!-#5!7$#'05#5!20!(**#N&'()*!(*2:'(2#5J!

2. Acciones operativas-presupuestalesJ!O*80! -#5!'#*5(20$&b-05!$0F8$&5#5!d:0! $0?(58$&*! -#5!7$#'05#5!20!7&?#!20! -#5! 50$N('(#5!7$#a05(#*&-05>!-&5!&''(#*05!$0-&8(N&5!&!-#5!&570'8#5!#70$&8(N#5v7$05:7:058&-05!&2d:(0$0*!7&$8(':-&$!$0-0N&*'(&J!s58&5!'#*5(580*!0*!-&5!&''(#*05!7&$&!d:0!0-!0e0':8#$!20-! ?&58#! Y?#b(0$*#! 058&8&-! #! &?0*80! 8U'*('#! '#%#!"[KP_Z>! 8$&*5a(0$&! -#5!$0':$5#5!d:0!-0!5#*!&5(?*&2#5!&!-#5!7$#7)5(8#5!058&b-0'(2#5!0*!0-!?$:7#!20!&''(#*05! &*80$(#$! &! :*! &'8#$! d:0! ?&$&*8('0! -&! #7#$8:*(2&2! 0*! 7&?#5>! 20!&':0$2#!&!-&!*#$%&8(N(2&2!058&b-0'(2&J!X58&5!&''(#*05!20b0*!$0*2($!':0*F8&5! 20! -&!%&*0$&! 0*! d:0! 50! ?&58&*! \! &5(?*&*! -#5! $0':$5#5! 7hb-('#5|! 5#*!*#$%&-%0*80!$0&-(3&2&5!7#$!0*8(2&205!7hb-('&5!\!5:5!'#58#5!5#*!':b(0$8#5!'#*!?&58#5!20!#70$&'()*J!

3. Acciones de soporte técnico a los prestadores de servicios. [*F'-:\0! -&! 20a(*('()*! \! -&! N&-(2&'()*! 20-! 70$a(-! 7$#a05(#*&->! -&! 20a(*('()*! 20!5:5!7$#?$&%&5!20!8$&b&e#!Y&'8(N(2&205>!(*2('&2#$05!\!%08&5Z>!2(506#!\!0e0F':'()*!20!-#5!7$#?$&%&5!20!a#$%&'()*F&505#$;&>!0-&b#$&'()*!20!%&80$(&-05!20!&7#\#>!&5;!'#%#!-&!20a(*('()*!\!0-!058&b-0'(%(0*8#!20!7$#'05#5!20!50F?:(%(0*8#! \! 0N&-:&'()*!d:0! $08$#&-(%0*80*! -#5! 2#5! ?$:7#5!20! &''(#*05!


99

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&*80$(#$05J!P#%#!\&!50!506&-)!0*!-&!80$'0$&!&'8(N(2&2>!058&5!&''(#*05!20b0*!50$! $057#*5&b(-(2&2! 20! (*58(8:'(#*05! 20! 0*506&*3&! #! (*N058(?&'()*! '#*!7$058(?(#>!$0'#*#'(%(0*8#!\!'#%7$#%(5#!0*! -&5!&'8(N(2&205!\!$0?(#*05!20!8$&b&e#>!8&-!\!'#%#!Q&!N0*(2#!#':$$(0*2#!'#*!-&5!M*(2&205!WU'*('&5!X570F'(&-(3&2&5>!d:(0*05!'#%#!7$058&2#$05!20!50$N('(#5!$0'(b0*!:*!7&?#!&!'&%Fb(#!20!$0&-(3&$!'(0$8&5!&'8(N(2&205!#!7$#2:'8#5J!=&$&!e:58(a('&$!2('Q#!7&?#!20b0*! 20%#58$&$! 0-! ':%7-(%(0*8#! 20-! BAAu! 20! -&5! &'8(N(2&205! \! 20! -#5!7$#2:'8#5! 058&b-0'(2#5! 0*! -#5! 8U$%(*#5! 20! $0a0$0*'(&! '#*N0*(2#5! '#*! 0-!0e0':8#$!20-!?&58#J!

4. Acciones para la innovación.![*'-:\0!0N0*8#5!20!'&7&'(8&'()*>!?(F$&5!20!(*80$'&%b(#>!0N0*8#5!20%#58$&8(N#5!\!8&--0$05!2($0'8&%0*80!'#*!-&5!:*(2&205!20!7$#2:''()*!'#*!'&7&'(2&2!20!&2#7'()*!\!2(a:5()*!20!(**#N&F'(#*05>!?0*0$&'()*!20!(*a#$%&'()*!20!'&%7#!&!8$&NU5!20!b(81'#$&5>!08'U80F$&J! X58&5! &''(#*05! 5#*! $057#*5&b(-(2&2! 20! 7$058&2#$05! 20! 50$N('(#5!7$#a05(#*&-05>!7$0a0$0*80%0*80!0d:(7#5!8U'*('#5!'#*58(8:(2#5>!d:0!$0'(b0*!:*!7&?#!&!'&%b(#!20!$0&-(3&$!'(0$8&5!&'8(N(2&205!#!7$#2:'8#5J!=&$&!e:58(a(F'&$!2('Q#!7&?#!20b0*!20%#58$&$!0-!':%7-(%(0*8#!20-!BAAu!20!-&5!&'8(N(F2&205!\!20!-#5!7$#2:'8#5!058&b-0'(2#5!0*!5:!'#*8$&8#J!

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X-!7$#7)5(8#!20!058&!8$&*5a#$%&'()*!50$;&!d:0!-&5![*58(8:'(#*05!20!X*506&*3&!0![*N058(?&'()*!50!8$&*5a#$%0*!0*!*#2#5!%15!2(*1%('#5!20!-&!K02>!'#*!'&7&'(2&2!7&$&! (20*8(a('&$! -&5! j1$0&5!7$#b-0%&k!N;&! -&!0N&F-:&'()*!\!-:0?#!&5:%&*!0-!'#%7$#%(5#!20!-&!%0e#$&!20!0--&5!&!8$&NU5!20!&''(#*05!20!'&7&'(8&'()*>!'#*5:-8#$;&>!(*N058(?&'()*!#!8:8#$;&J!

2.4. Referencias O?:(-&$>!g#$?0>!.(*('(#!/#$&'(#!<&*8#\#>!g#5U!9:(5!<#--0($#>!gJ!K0\05!O-8&%(F

$&*#!\!g:-(#!m&'&>!@AAS>!Transferencia e innovación tecnológica en la agricultura: lecciones y propuestas para MéxicoJ! ":*2&'()*!=K_4MPX!T('Q#&'1*FMOPQJ!TUV('#J!

O--0*>!nJ!\!K&e#880>!XJ>!BCCA>!jWQ0!'Q&*?(*?!$#-0!#a!0V80*5(#*!0*8#%#-#?\!(*!8Q0![=T!0$&kJ!Annual Review of Entomology>!IS+IDCFICDJ!

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P_WXP>!@AAD>!La persona protagonista de la innovaciónJ!":*2&'()*!P_WXP!7&$&! -&! [**#N&'()*!W0'*#-)?('&FO\:*8&%(0*8#!20!,(e)*J!T&2$(2>!X57&6&J!

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"(5'Q0$>! P-&:20! <J>! BCE@>! To dwell among friends: personal networks in town and city.!4(57#*(b-0!0*+!!!Q887+]]^^^^J(*a(b0&%J'#%]m##R5](*a#]P-&:20F<F"(5'Q0$]W#F4^0--FO%#*?F"$(0*25F=0$5#*&-F`08^#$R5F(*]A@@G@SBIEBJQ8%-J!

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,$&*#N0880$>!T&$R>!BCEI>!jWQ0!58$0*?8Q!#a!^0&R!8(05+!&!*08^#$R!8Q0#$\!$0FN(5(802kJ! P#--(*5>! KJ! Y02JZ>! Sociological TheoryJ! g#550\Fm&55J! <&*!"$&*'(5'#J!

�#5'Q&83R\>!�*:8>!@AA@>!j":*2&%0*8#5!20!-&!0'#*#%;&!20!$0205+!0*a#d:0!0570'(&-!0*!-&!(**#N&'()*kJ!Economía Industrial>!*h%J!IHGJ!T&2$(2J!

9:*2N&-->!m0*?8FOR0>!BCC@>!j[*8$#2:'8(#*k>![*+!National systems of innova-tion: towards a theory of innovation and interactive learningJ!=(*F80$J!9#*2#*J!

T&$^0-->!,0$&-2!\!=&%0-&!_-(N0$>!BCCI>!The critical mass in collective ac-tion: a micro-social theoryJ! P&%b$(2?0! M*(N0$5(8\! =$055J! `0^!c#$RJ!

T#-(*&>! g#5U!9:(5!\!T#*850$$&8!T&$5&->!@AAS>!La gestión del conocimiento en las organizacionesJ!^^^J-(b$#50*$02J'#%J!

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T:6#3>!T&*$$:b(#>!.(*('(#!/#$&'(#!<&*8#\#!\! gJ!K0\05!O-8&%($&*#>!@AA@>!Mercados e instituciones financieras ruralesJ! P[X<WOOT>! M*(N0$F5(2&2!O:8)*#%&!PQ&7(*?#J!TUV('#J!


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`0-5#*>!K('Q&$2!KJ>!BCCI>!National innovation systems>!a comparative analysisJ!_Va#$2!M*(N0$5(8\!=$055J!`0^!c#$RJ!

_XP4>!BCCC>!Managing national innovation systemsJ!=&$(5J!_-(N0$>!T0-N(*!9J>!BCEE>!jWQ0!:$b&*!b-&'R!'#%%:*(8\!&5!*08^#$R+!8#^&$2!&!

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Q887+]]^^^Jb##R$&?5J'#%]58:2\?:(20F&--F#:$FR(*J!.&-0*80>!WQ#%&5!nJ>!BCCC>!Network models of the diffusion of innovationsJ!

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CAPÍTULO III

Identificación de problemas y oportunidades en las redes de valor agroalimentariasB

Manrrubio Muñoz Rodríguez*

3.1. Método de análisis de actores involucrados en redes de valor agroalimentarias

3.1.1. Introducción

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104 MANRRUBIO MUÑOZ

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IDENTIFICACIÓN DE PROBLEMAS Y OPORTUNIDADES EN LAS REDES DE VALOR…

105

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Figura 3-1. Etapas del proceso de análisis, diseño e implementación de políticas públicas y estrategia empresarial

Árbol de problemas/oportunidades (II)

Árbol de decisiones (III)

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

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Análisis de alternativas:proyectos estratégicos (IV)

Finalidad (1) Indicadores Medios de verificación Riesgos

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3.1.2. Guía para la acción

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a) Análisis de actores involucrados y del entorno de la red de valor

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b) La red de valor

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3.1.3. Ejemplo de análisis de una red de valor

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Figura 3-2. Red de valor maíz

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CompetidoresComplementadores

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Proveedores

Clientes


115

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m(%b#!\!W#$8(--0$;&!j9&!4(N(*&k!5#*!#8$#!0e0%7-#!8;7('#!20!'#%708(2#F$05J!<(!:*#!&'&b&!20!'#%7$&$!8#$8(--&5!20!Q&$(*&!20!-&!%&$'&!T(-7&!K0&->!N&F-#$&!%:'Q#!%0*#5!-&5!8#$8(--&5!0-&b#$&2&5!'#*!*(V8&%&-!20!-&!50?:*2&J!

a) La agroindustria

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Cuadro 3-1. Consumo y abastecimiento de maíz en Jalisco por tipo de consumidor

Tipo de consumidor Consumo Origen del abastecimiento Forma de liquidación

Anual (%) Local Nacional Impor-taciones

Compra directa

Comercia-lizadoras

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a1) Industria de derivados

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117

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a2) Industria pecuaria

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a3) Industria harinera

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a4) Industria de la masa y la tortilla

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b) Clientes

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Cuadro 3-2. Comparación de dos modelos de proveeduría para la industria de la masa y la tortilla en el estado de Jalisco

Situación actual Imagen objetivo! O?$(':-8#$!N0*202#$!!Y0N0*8#5!(*2070*2(0*805Z!

! O?$(':-8#$!7$#N002#$!Y$0-&'()*!20!-&$?#!7-&3#Z!

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! O?$(':-8:$&!7#$!'#*8$&8#!Y$0-&'()*!20!-&?#!7-&3#!'#*!7$0'(#!20!5#58U*!0d:(N&-0*80!&!IAu!20-!7$0'(#!20!-&!8#$8(--&Z!

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! P$U2(8#!(*80?$&-!&!-&!'&20*&! "OKOgO9!20!-&!'&20*&!

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119

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! Tortillerías que usan maízJ!X-!7$#'05#! (*('(&!'#*!0-!'#'(%(0*8#!20-!%&;3! 7&$&! #b80*0$! *(V8&%&->! U580! 50!%:0-0! 7&$&! #b80*0$!%&5&! \!U58&!05!-&!%&80$(&!7$(%&!d:0!0*8$&!&!-&!%1d:(*&!d:0!%#-20&!\!':0F'0!-&5!8#$8(--&5J!=&$&!0580!7$#'05#!50!$0d:(0$0!20!8(*&5!20!'#'(%(0*F8#>!$07#5#!\!0*e:&?:0>!20-!%#-(*#!\!-&!8#$8(--&2#$&J!

! Tortillerías que usan masaJ! O-?:*&5! 8#$8(--0$;&5! :b('&2&5! 7$(*'(F7&-%0*80!0*!-&5!3#*&5!:$b&*&5!\!'#*:$b&2&5>!Q&*!#78&2#!7#$!:5&$!

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121

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Cuadro 3-3. Tipo de establecimiento donde se compran tortillas

Establecimiento Julio 2000 Agosto 2005 BJ!W(0*2&!20!&:8#50$N('(#! BG! @@!@J!W(0*2&!20!&b&$$#805! BB! BH!IJ!T0$'&2#!058&b-0'(2#! E! E!HJ!T0$'&2#!5#b$0!$:02&5! B! B!SJ!W(0*2&!0570'(&-(3&2&!Y8#$8(--0$;&5Z! HG! B@!":0*80+!W*5v,&--:7!Y@AAGZJ!

X*! 0a0'8#>! &:*d:0! &h*! *#! 50! Q&! ':&*8(a('&2#! 20!%&*0$&! 7$0'(5&>!:*!'&*&-! 20! N0*8&! d:0! '&2&! N03! &2d:(0$0!%15! (%7#$8&*'(&! -#! $07$050*8&! 0-!j$07&$8#!&!2#%('(-(#k>!5(8:&'()*!d:0!?0*0$&!%h-8(7-05!'#*a-('8#5!'#*!-&!$02!20!8#$8(--0$;&5!058&b-0'(2&5!d:0!&$?:%0*8&*!'#%7080*'(&!205-0&-!\!d:0!0*!?$&*!%02(2&!0V7-('&!-&!a$&?%0*8&'()*!?$0%(&-!20-!50'8#$J!

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Figura 3-3. Proporción de consumidores que compran tortilla en supermercados de autoservicio

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123

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c) Proveedores

X-!'#*5:%#!(*2:58$(&-!#!70':&$(#!20!%&;3!0*!0-!058&2#!&5'(0*20!&!HJH!%(F--#*05!20!8#*0-&2&5J!4&2#!d:0!5)-#!50!7$#2:'0*!IJ@!%(--#*05!20!8#*0-&2&5!\!20!U58&5!5#-&%0*80!50!'#%0$'(&-(3&*!@JG!%(--#*05!20!8#*0-&2&5>!058#!5(?F*(a('&!d:0!-#5!7$#N002#$05!-#'&-05!5)-#!058&$;&*!0*!'#*2('(#*05!20!&b&580F'0$! :*! SCu! 20! -&! 20%&*2&! 8#8&-J! <(*! 0%b&$?#>! 5(! 50! '#*5(20$&! d:0! :*!N#-:%0*!5(?*(a('&8(N#!Y20!'&5(!:*!%(--)*!20!8#*0-&2&5Z!5&-0!20-!058&2#>! -&!#a0$8&!-#'&-!2(57#*(b-0!5)-#!&5'(0*20!&!BJD!%(--#*05!20!8#*0-&2&5|!05!20'($>!0*! -#5!Q0'Q#5! -#5!7$#N002#$05! -#'&-05!20!%&;3!5)-#!5&8(5a&'0*!IEu!20! -&!20%&*2&!058&8&-!YP:&2$#!IFHZJ!

Cuadro 3-4. Jalisco: balanza producción–consumo de granos (2007)

Variable Maíz (t) (blanco + amarillo)

Granos forrajeros (t)(maíz rolado, sorgo, trigo,

cebada y avena) Total (t)

=$#2:''()*!058&8&-! I!@SB!GDHYCu!&%&$(--#Z @ID!DEI I!HEC!HSD!

O:8#'#*5:%#! G@B!AES BGG!HHE DED!SII!=$#2:''()*!058&8&-!'#%0$'(&-(3&b-0! @!GIA!SEC DB!IIS @!DAB!C@H!

XV7#$8&'(#*05!058&8&-05! CAB!SAAYBAAu!b-&*'#Z A CAB!SAA!

_a0$8&!7&$&!'#*5:%#!058&8&-! B!D@C!AEC DB!IIS B!EAA!H@H!

[%7#$8&'(#*05! @!HHE!GBA+!YBAAu!&%&$(--#Z

B!DGG!@IG+5#$?#!YGSuZ|!%&;3!$#-&2#!

YI@uZH!@BH!EHG!

XV(580*'(&5! IBC!HIE BCE!@GS SBD!DAI!40%&*2&!#!'#*5:%#!058&8&-! H!HCD!BID @!AIS!EIG G!SI@!CDI!

":0*80+!X-&b#$&'()*!7$#7(&!'#*!b&50!&!_[X4KM<>!@AAEJ!

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Cuadro 3-6. Apoyos gubernamentales a la cadena maíz

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e) Simetrías

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f) Perspectivas múltiples

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g) Desempeño de múltiples papeles

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h) Crear mercados

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143

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Cuadro 3-7. Nivel de articulación o coo-petencia en la red de valor

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147

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3.2. Marco analítico para la identificación de problemas/ oportunidades en redes de valor agroalimentarias

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149

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3.2.1. Dificultades en la definición de problemas

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a) Evaluación de los sentimientos de los actores

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151

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b) Sub-optimización

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b1) Desempaque de los asuntos

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Causas del problema Ámbito de competencia


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b2) La legitimización de los problemas

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159

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3.2.2. Diagrama de árbol de problemas

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!

!

!Figura 3-8. Árbol de problemas/oportunidades para la red de valor maíz de Jalisco

Marcadas deficienciasen producción y productividad

Elevada dependencia tecnológica y comercial

en insumos estratégicos

Abandono de la investigación científica

local y nacional en maíz

Sistemas de producción basados en paquetes y no en metas por predio

Ausencia de una visión compartida en la red de

valor maíz

Escaso énfasis a la cultura del diálogo

entre actores

Baja competitividad de la industria de la masa

y la tortilla

Fragmentación gremial

Insuficiente oferta local de maíz amarillo y

granos para industria almidonera y pecuaria

Desconfianza de los productores por la

mala experiencia del 2005

Existe la percepción de falta de tecnología

competitiva para maíz blanco

Ausencia de un sistema de asesoría y capacitación

profesional, oportuno y meritocrático

Falta un sistema de información

tecnológica y comercial que oriente la toma de decisiones

de innovaciónDebilitamiento de los

institutos de investigación

Debilidades organizacionales que

impiden la interlocución

Altos costos por obsolescencia

tecnológica

Ausencia de una estructura civil mixta

que promueva las alianzas y acuerdos

Apoyos a coberturas de precios poco

competitivos y oportunos

Apertura indiscriminada de

tortillerías Ausencia de planeación estratégica en el

organismo operador del componente de

investigación y transferencia de tecnología (ITT)

Ausencia de instituciones e incentivos que

estimulen la productividad

Proliferación del comercio informal de

la tortilla: reparto

Ausenciade un modelo

cliente-proveedor con enfoque ganar-ganar

Escasa relevancia al desarrollo

organizacionalde la red

Precariedad de los instrumentos

financieros para competir

Baja cobertura de crédito oportuno al

productor por insuficiencia de

garantías líquidas

Baja liquidez para contratar

oportunamente coberturas de precios y

pagar cosechas

Dominancia de una Visión que no plantea

la autonomía financiera de los

actores de la red sino la dependencia

permanente de subsidios de corto

plazo

DispersiDispersióón de esfuerzos n de esfuerzos ppúúblicos y privadosblicos y privados

Red de tortillerRed de tortilleríía a con bajo margencon bajo margen

Sentimiento de impotencia y Sentimiento de impotencia y movilizacimovilizacióón permanente para n permanente para

demandar subsidiosdemandar subsidios

Rendimientos hasta Rendimientos hasta 100% por debajo del 100% por debajo del potencial productivopotencial productivo

Elevada importaciElevada importacióón n de made maííz amarillo y z amarillo y

granosgranos

Red de Valor maRed de Valor maííz con baja capacidad para generar riqueza a sus actoresz con baja capacidad para generar riqueza a sus actores

Red de Valor MaRed de Valor Maííz con bajo nivel de rentabilidad y competitividad en un contextoz con bajo nivel de rentabilidad y competitividad en un contexto de creciente concentracide creciente concentracióón n industrial e inestabilidad de los mercadosindustrial e inestabilidad de los mercados


163

!

!

3.2.3. Análisis de objetivos

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!

!

Figura 3-9. Árbol de objetivos/decisiones para la red de valor maíz de Jalisco

Marcadas deficienciasen producción y productividad

Elevada dependencia tecnológica y comercial

en insumos estratégicos

Abandono de la investigación científica

local y nacional en maíz

Sistemas de producción basados en paquetes y no en metas por predio

Ausencia de una visión compartida en la Red

de Valor Maíz

Escaso énfasis a la cultura del diálogo

entre actores

Baja competitividad de la industria de la masa

y la tortilla

Fragmentacióngremial

Insuficiente oferta local de maíz amarillo y

granos para industria almidonera y pecuaria

Desconfianza de los productores por la

mala experiencia del 2005

Existe la percepción de falta de tecnología competitiva para el

maíz blanco

Ausencia de un sistema de asesoría y capacitación

profesional, oportuno y meritocrático

Falta un sistema de información

tecnológica y comercial que oriente la toma de decisiones

de innovaciónDebilitamiento de los

institutos de investigación

Debilidades organizacionales que

impiden la interlocución

Altos costos por obsolescencia

tecnológica

Ausencia de una estructura civil mixta

que promueva las alianzas y acuerdos

Apoyos a coberturas de precios poco

competitivos y oportunos

Apertura indiscriminada de

tortillerías Ausencia de planeación estratégica en el

organismo operador del componente de

investigación y transferencia de tecnología (ITT)

Ausencia de instituciones e incentivos que

estimulen la productividad

Proliferación del comercio informal de

la tortilla: reparto

Ausenciade un modelo

cliente-proveedor con enfoque ganar-ganar

Escasa relevancia al desarrollo

organizacionalde la red

Precariedad de los instrumentos

financieros para competir

Baja cobertura de crédito oportuno al

productor por insuficiencia de

garantías líquidas

Baja liquidez para contratar

oportunamente coberturas de precios y

pagar cosechas

Dominancia de una visión que no plantea la autonomía financiera

de los actores de la red sino la dependencia

permanente de subsidios de corto

plazo

77

55

66

1010

44

33

11

99

221111

88

Impulsar la Impulsar la coordinacicoordinacióón de n de

esfuerzos pesfuerzos púúblicos y blicos y privadosprivados

Red de tortillerRed de tortilleríía a con mayor margen con mayor margen

de rentabilidadde rentabilidad

Cambiar el foco deCambiar el foco demovilizacimovilizacióón hacia la n hacia la

productividad y competitividadproductividad y competitividad

Fomentar la Fomentar la productividad en los productividad en los

actores primariosactores primarios

Reducir importaciReducir importacióón n dde mae maííz amarillo y z amarillo y granos forrajerosgranos forrajeros

Red de Valor maRed de Valor maííz con mayor capacidad para generar riqueza a sus actoresz con mayor capacidad para generar riqueza a sus actores

Contribuir a crear la Red de Valor MaContribuir a crear la Red de Valor Maííz conz con mayor nivel de rentabilidad y competitividadmayor nivel de rentabilidad y competitividad


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m&e#!0580!8(7#!20!'#*5(20$&'(#*05>!0*!-&!"(?:$&!IFC!50!%:058$&!0-!1$b#-!20!#be08(N#5!#!20'(5(#*05!&! 8#%&$!'#*!0-! a(*!20! (*'(2($! 0*! -&5!'&:5&5!d:0!2&*!#$(?0*! &-! 7$#b-0%&! \! $02:'($! #! 0-(%(*&$! -#5! 0a0'8#5! (*2050&b-05!d:0!Q#\! 50!#b50$N&*!0*! -&! $02!20!N&-#$!%&;3J!P#*!0-!7$#7)5(8#!20!Q&'0$!%15!0V7-;'(8&5! -&5!7#5(b-05!20'(5(#*05>! 50!Q&!#78&2#!7#$!20e&$! -&5!'&:5&5! 8&-!\!'#%#! 50! 7$050*8&*! 0*! 0-! 1$b#-! 20! 7$#b-0%&5! \! $0':$$($! &! -&! #7'()*! 20!0*:%0$&$!'&2&!20'(5()*!:!#be08(N#!7&$&!5:!%0e#$!0V7-('&'()*J!

3.2.4. Ejemplo en la red de valor maíz

a) Ausencia de una visión compartida en la red de valor maíz ! [%7-0%0*8&$!:*!7$#?$&%&!70$%&*0*80!20!a#$8&-0'(%(0*8#!#$?&*(F

3&'(#*&-!20!-#5!&'8#$05!20!-&!'&20*&!%&;3>!0*a&8(3&*2#!0*!-#5!7$#F2:'8#$05!7$(%&$(#5!Y&?$(':-8#$05>!?&*&20$#5!\!%#-(*0$#5ZJ!

! O5(?*&$! $0':$5#5!20-! 7$#?$&%&! 5#7#$80! &! -&! '#*8$&8&'()*!20!7$#F%#8#$05!20!-&!#$?&*(3&'()*J!

! [%7:-5&$! -&! '$0&'()*! 20-! 5(580%&! 7$#2:'8#! %&;3F?$&*#5F?&*&2#!'#%#! (*58&*'(&!20!2(1-#?#! 0! (*80$-#':'()*! 0*8$0! -#5! &'8#$05!20! -&!'&20*&J!

b) Marcadas deficiencias en producción y productividad ! 4(506&$! 0! (%7-0%0*8&$! :*&! 058$&80?(&! '#*! a#'#! 0*! 0-! (*'$0%0*8#!

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! =$#a05(#*&-(3&$!$02!20!&505#$05!8U'*('#5J!! X58&b-0'0$!:*&!$02!20!N(8$(*&5!0*!-#5!7$(*'(7&-05!&%b(0*805!&?$#0F

'#-)?('#5!20-!058&2#>!&!a(*!20!N&-(2&$!\!20%#58$&$!'#%0$'(&-%0*80!0-!7#80*'(&-!7$#2:'8(N#!20!-#5!Q;b$(2#5FN&$(02&205!Y8&*8#!20!%&;3!&%&$(--#!'#%#!20!b-&*'#Z!0!(*5:%#5!0V(580*805!0*!0-!%0$'&2#J!


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c) Elevada dependencia tecnológica y comercial en insumos estratégicos

! [*'0*8(N&$!-&!(*80?$&'()*!20!:*!?$:7#!20!(*N058(?&2#$05!20!&-8#!*(FN0-! d:0! &b#$20*! 2(a0$0*805! -;*0&5! 20! (*N058(?&'()*! $0-&'(#*&2&5!'#*!-&!$02!20!N&-#$!%&;3J!

d) Precariedad de los instrumentos financieros para competir ! !405&$$#--&$! (*58$:%0*8#5! a(*&*'(0$#5! d:0! b$(*20*! -(d:(203! &! -#5!

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e) Ausencia de un modelo cliente-proveedor con enfoque ganar-ganar ! .&-#$&$!-&!'#*N0*(0*'(&!20!*#$%&$F0-(%(*&$!0-!5(580%&!20!$07&$8#!

20!8#$8(--&!&!2#%('(-(#!&!a(*!20!%0e#$&$!-&!'&-(2&2!20!-&!8#$8(--&!\!%0Fe#$&$!0-!%&$?0*!20!-#5!*0?#'(#5!a#$%&-%0*80!058&b-0'(2#5J!

! "#%0*8&$!-&!(*80$&''()*!0*8$0!-#5!&'8#$05!20!-&!'&20*&!&!a(*!20!2(F506&$!\!0*5&\&$!%#20-#5!'-(0*80F7$#N002#$!'#*!:*!0*a#d:0!?&*&$F?&*&$J!

3.3. Referencias O'R#aa>!K:50-->!BCC@>!Cápsulas de Ackoff: administración en pequeñas dosisJ!

9(%:5&F`#$(0?&!X2(8#$05J!TUV('#J!O?:(-&$>!9:(5>!@AAI>!jX58:2(#!(*8$#2:'8#$(#!Y20!-&5!7#-;8('&5!7hb-('&5ZkJ!X*!

O?:(-&$>!9:(5!YP#%7JZJ!El estudio de las políticas públicas>!8#%#!IJ!T(?:0-!i*?0-!=#$$h&J!TUV('#J!

O`"OPO>! @AAC>! Anuario de la ANFACA 2009J! TUV('#J! 4(57#*(b-0! 0*+!Q887+]]^^^J&*a&'&J#$?J!

m[4>!@AAD>!jP##70$&'()*!\!'$0'(%(0*8#+!&-?#!%15!d:0!:*!e:0?#k>!Ideas para el desarrollo en las Américas>! N#-J! BH>! 5078(0%b$0F2('(0%b$0! 20!@AADJ!4(57#*(b-0!0*+!!!


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m[4>!@AAD>!jT0*5&e05!7$(*'(7&-05k>!Ideas para el desarrollo en las Américas>!N#-J! BH>! 5078(0%b$0F2('(0%b$0! 20! @AADJ! 4(57#*(b-0! 0*+!Q887+]](2b2#'5J(&2bJ#$?]^52#'5]?082#':%0*8J&57V�2#'*:%�ISBH@GSDJ!

m&$2&'Q>! X:?0*0>! @AAI>! j=$#b-0%&5! 20! -&! 20a(*('()*! 20! 7$#b-0%&5! 0*! 0-!&*1-(5(5! 20! 7#-;8('&5kJ! X*+! O?:(-&$! .(--&*:0N&>! 9:(5! "J! Problemas públicos y agenda de gobiernoJ! YO*8#-#?;&! 20! 7#-;8('&5! 7hb-('&5>!N#-J!IZJ!X2J!T(?:0-!i*?0-!=#$$h&J!TUV('#J!

"[KO>! @AAD>! jO*1-(5(5! 20! '#58#5! 20! 7$#2:''()*! 20!%&;3! b-&*'#kJ! TUV('#J!4(57#*(b-0!0*+! !Q887+]]7#$8&-Ja($&J?#bJ%V]"(-05]TO[ou@A_''(20*80u@AFu@AO*&-(5(5u@A20u@AP#58#5J72a!

"-0:$\>!<#*(&>!@AA@>!jX-!205&a;#!20!-&!?058()*!20!-&5!$0205!20!7#-;8('&5kJ!Ins-tituciones y Desarrollo>!*h%J!B@FBI>!77J!@@BF@HDJ![*58(8:8![*80$*&F'(#*&-! 20! ,#N0$*&b(-(8&8! 20! P&8&-:*\&J! m&$'0-#*&>! X57&6&J!Q887+]]^^^J((?#NJ#$?!

,:8%&*>!,$&'(0-&!XJ>!Y5]aZ>!Agricultura de contrato de pequeños productores agropecuarios con agroindustrias y/o agrocomercios en Argenti-na: experiencias, lecciones, lineamientos de políticasJ! 4(57#*(b-0!0*+!Q887+]]^^^J$(%(57J#$?]?082#'J7Q7�2#'(2�IHEHJ!

�-(e*>!X$(RF/&*5>!BCCE>!j=#-('\!*08^#$R5+!&*!#N0$N(0^kJ!Managing Complex Networks.!<&?0>!9#*2#*J!

�$&:30>!X*$(d:0>!@AAI>! j9&!?058&'()*!20-! 5(?-#!ll[>! '#*N0$5&'()*!'#*!4&F*(0-!m0--k>!Letras Libres>!#'8:b$0!20!@AAIJ!TUV('#J!4(57#*(b-0!0*+!Q887+]]^^^J-08$&5-(b$05J'#%](*20VJ7Q7�&$8�CAEEJ!

[TP_>!@AAE>!jTUV('#!0*!2(5\:*8(N&|!-&!b(#80'*#-#?;&!'#%#!a&'8#$!20!'#%F708(8(N(2&2kJ!4(57#*(b-0!0*+! !Q887+]]^^^J'&%7#%0V('&*#J?#bJ%V]7#$8&-w5(&7]"#$#.[[[]=#*0*'(&5]T0V('#0*4(5\:*8(N&J72aJ!

[`<=>!@AAG>!jX*':058&!`&'(#*&-!20!<&-:2!\!`:8$('()*!@AAGkJ! [*58(8:8#!`&F'(#*&-!20!<&-:2!=hb-('&J!TUV('#J!4(57#*(b-0!0*+! !Q887+]]^^^J(*57J%V]0*5&*:8@AAGJ!

T&e#*0>!,(&*2#%U*('#>!BCCD>!Evidencia, argumentación y persuasión en la formulación de políticasJ!P#-0?(#!`&'(#*&-!20!P(0*'(&5!=#-;8('&5!\!O2%(*(58$&'()*!=hb-('&J!"#*2#!20!P:-8:$&!X'#*)%('&J!TUV('#J!


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T0$(*#>!T&:$('(#>!@AA@>!Los programas de subsidios al campo: las razones y las sinrazones de una política mal diseñadaJ!P[4XJ!TUV('#J!4(57#F*(b-0!0*+! !Q887+]]^^^J0-:*(N0$5&-J'#%J%V]?$&a('#5]72aAC]2#':%0*8#w8$&b&e#w'(20w2&7J72aJ!

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,#b(0$*#!20!g&-(5'#>!@AAE>!jm&-&*3&!X58&8&-!4(57#*(b(-(2&2FP#*5:%#!20!g&F-(5'#+!(*a#$%&'()*!b15('&J!T&;3!&%&$(--#kJ!_[X4KM<J!<0'$08&$;&!20!405&$$#--#!K:$&-J!TUV('#J!

,#b(0$*#!20!g&-(5'#>!@AAE>!jm&-&*3&!X58&8&-!4(57#*(b(-(2&2FP#*5:%#!20!g&F-(5'#+!(*a#$%&'()*!b15('&J!,$&*#5!a#$$&e0$#5kJ!_[X4KM<J!<0'$08&$F;&!20!405&$$#--#!K:$&-J!TUV('#J!

_$80?)*>! X2?&$>! g:&*!"$&*'(5'#!=&'Q0'#! \!O2$(&*&!=$(08#>! @AAS, Metodo-logía del marco lógico para la planificación, el seguimiento y la evaluación de proyectos y programasJ![9=X<J!<&*8(&?#>!PQ(-0J!

K&b#8*(R#a>!`#$&>!@AAS>!Xn busca de un lugar común: el espacio público en la teoría política contemporáneaJ! [*58(8:8#!20![*N058(?&'(#*05!"(F-#5)a('&5>!M`OTJ!TUV('#J!

K#N0$0>!T&$(#!KJ>!BCCC>!Redes en salud: un nuevo paradigma para el abor-daje de las organizaciones y la comunidadJ!X2J!<0'$08&$;&!20!<&-:2!=hb-('&]OTK>![*58(8:8#!9&3&$80J!K#5&$(#>!O$?0*8(*&J!

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<8(?-(83>! g#507Q>!@AA@>!Economía del sector públicoJ!X2J!O*8#*(!m#5'QJ!m&$F'0-#*&J!

W`<F,&--:7>! @AAG>!Tendencias en México: actitudes del consumidor y el su-permercado 2006J! X58:2(#! $0&-(3&2#!7&$&!O5#'(&'()*!`&'(#*&-! 20!W(0*2&5!20!O:8#50$N('(#!\!407&$8&%0*8&-05>!OJPJ!YO`WO4ZJ!TUV('#J!

!

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CAPÍTULO IV

Alineación de las estrategias de intervención del extensionismo en red, bajo la lógica de la evaluación basada en resultadosB

Roberto Rendón Medel*

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170 ROBERTO RENDÓN

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4.1. Marco analítico para la alineación de estrategias de intervención basadas en modelos de extensionismo en red

4.1.1. Normatividad nacional aplicable

a) Programa Sectorial SAGARPA 2006-2012

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ALINEACIÓN DE LAS ESTRATEGIAS DE INTERVENCIÓN DEL EXTENSIONISMO EN RED …

171

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Objetivos estratégicos del Plan Sectorial SAGARPA y algunos ejemplos de metas para cada objetivo (SAGARPA, 2007)

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Cuadro 4-1. Relación entre los diferentes niveles de planeación en la política agropecuaria y pesquera en México 2007-2030

Presidencia Visión 2030: Desarrollo humano sustentable

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174 ROBERTO RENDÓN

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a1) Origen de los programas y su relación con los objetivos

estratégicos

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Cuadro 4-2. Relación (origen) entre los objetivos estratégicos del Programa Sectorial y los Programas de Coejercicio

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a2) Lineamientos estatales

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182 ROBERTO RENDÓN

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!Figura 4-3. Integración de un proyecto estratégico estatal a través de programas

y componentes

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y productivas

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4.2. Guía metodológica para la alineación de estrategias de intervención de extensionismo en red bajo la lógica de la evaluación basada en resultados

4.2.1. Conceptos utilizados: planeación y presupuestación

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186 ROBERTO RENDÓN

!

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!Figura 4-4. Sistema Estatal de Gestión para Resultados (SE-GpR)

a) Módulo de planificación estratégica

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187

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c) Módulo de gestión financiera

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d) Módulo de gestión de programas y estratégicas

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e) Módulo de monitoreo y evaluación

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188 ROBERTO RENDÓN

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=:020! &a($%&$50>! '#*! b&50! 0*! -&! #70$&'()*! 20! 2(a0$0*805! (*('(&8(N&5!'#*!2(a0$0*805!$05:-8&2#5!\!b&e#!-&!#70$&'()*!20!:*!%(5%#!%&$'#!*#$%&F8(N#>!d:0!-&5!'#*2('(#*05!0V7$05&2&5!0*!-#5!7$#?$&%&5!\!0*!-&!%(5%&!7#-;F8('&!7hb-('&!70$%(80*!0-!205&$$#--#!20!(*('(&8(N&5!7&$&!-&!'#*a#$%&'()*!20!$0205!20!(**#N&'()*J!<(!b(0*!-&5!'#*2('(#*05!*#!5#*!-&5!(20&-05!\!0-!7$05:F7:058#!%&$'&!:*&!80*20*'(&!Q&';&!-&!(*N0$5()*!0*!&'8(N#5!\!&!-&!0*8$0?&!20!$0':$5#5!b&5&2#5!0*!7&2$#*05!20!7$#2:'8#$05>!0*!-#5!058&2#5!7:020*!2(F506&$50!#!(%7-0%0*8&$50!(*('(&8(N&5!'#*!$057&-2#!0*!-&5!*#$%&5!\!&-(*0&F2#5!&!*0'05(2&205! -#'&-05!\!058&8&-05J!X-!2(506#!b&e#!0-!0*a#d:0!%&8$('(&-!20!-#5!7$#?$&%&5!70$%(80>!20!Q0'Q#!7$#%:0N0>!'(0$8&!a&'(-(2&2!7&$&!&2&7F8&$!-&5!*#$%&5!&!2(a0$0*805!0*8#$*#5J!

O5;>!-&5!*#$%&5>!5(!b(0*!5:5'078(b-05!20!%0e#$&>!*#!'#*58(8:\0*!7#$!5;!%(5%&5!:*!#b581':-#!(*a$&*d:0&b-0!7&$&!0-!205&$$#--#!20!-&5!$0205!20!(*F*#N&'()*!-#'&-05>!058&8&-05!#>!(*'-:5#>!$0?(#*&-05J!

=#$!h-8(%#>!&-!(%7-0%0*8&$!:*!%#20-#!20!&-(*0&'()*!7&$&!$05:-8&2#5!'#%#!0-!7$#7:058#!a&'(-(8&!0-!%#*(8#$0#>!-&!7-&*0&'()*!\!-&!0e0':'()*>!70$#!5#b$0!8#2#!5(0*8&!-&5!b&505!7&$&!:*!5(580%&!20!$0*2('()*!20!':0*8&5>!5(0*F2#!058&!&570'8#!&-?#!d:0!b:5'&!0-!%(5%#!2(506#!20!-&5!*#$%&5J!X5!20'($>!0-!:5#!2&2#!&!-#5!$0':$5#5!7hb-('#5!b&e#!7$#?$&%&5!7:020!0*':&2$&$50!0*!-#!*#$%&8(N#!b&e#!:*!05d:0%&!20!8$&*57&$0*'(&!0*!-&!0*8$0?&!20!$05:-8&2#5J!

4.3. Referencias m$\5#*>! g#Q*J!TJ>!BCCE>!jO!58$&80?('!7-&**(*?!7$#'055!a#$!7:b-('!&*2!*#*F

7$#a(8!#$?&*(3&8(#*5kJ!Long Range Planning>!N#-J!@B>!*h%J!BJ!P[4K<>!@AAD>!Programa Especial Concurrente para el Desarrollo Rural Sus-

tentable 2007-2012J!P#%(5()*![*80$50'$08&$(&-!7&$&!0-!405&$$#--#!K:$&-!<:580*8&b-0J!TUV('#J!

=#20$!Xe0':8(N#!"020$&->!@AAD>!Visión 2030: el México que queremosJ!=$0F50*8&'()*!20!-&!N(5()*!@AIA!Y^^^J!7$05(20*'(&J?#bJ%VZJ!TUV('#J!

<O,OK=O>! @AAD>! Programa Sectorial de Desarrollo Agropecuario y Pes-quero 2007-2012J!TUV('#J!

<Q&'R>!`0-5#*>!@AAE>!Intentando caracterizar la articulación entre el plan y el presupuestoJ!m[4F=K_.X4J!n&5Q(*?8#*J!

</P=>! @AAE>! Presupuesto de Egresos de la FederaciónJ! <0'$08&$;&! 20!/&'(0*2&!\!P$U2(8#!=hb-('#!Y^^^J5Q'7J?#bJ%VZJ!TUV('#J!

!

!

CAPÍTULO V

Construcción de indicadores de resultados para la evaluación de impactos

multidimensionales de estrategias de extensionismo en redB

J. Reyes Altamirano Cárdenas* V. Horacio Santoyo Cortés#

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X*80*20$0%#5!0*!'&2&!:*&!20!-&5!2(%0*5(#*05!&!0N&-:&$!d:0!-&5!N&F$(&b-05!205'$(b0*!-#5!$05:-8&2#5!20!-&5!2(a0$0*805!&''(#*05!20!(**#N&'()*!$0&-(3&2&5! '#%#! 7&$80! 20! -&! 058$&80?(&>! %(0*8$&5! d:0! -#5! (*2('&2#$05!wwwwwwwwwwwwwwww!B!X-!'#*80*(2#!20-!7$050*80!'&7;8:-#!a:0!205&$$#--&2#!'#*!&7#\#!20!-&!"O_>!%02(&*80!2#5!WP=+!Y(Z!0*8$0!0-!&6#!@AAD!\!0-!@AAE>!50!0e0':8)!0-!WP=!jDiseño del modelo de agen-cias para la gestión de la innovación en cadenas agroalimentariask|!Y((Z!0*!@AAE!\!@AAC>!50!(%7-0%0*8)!0-!WP=!jExtensionismo en red en cadenas agroalimentarias como un me-canismo de articulación de los sistemas regionales de innovación”J!x!4($0'8#$!20-!P[X<WOOT>!M*(N0$5(2&2!O:8)*#%&!PQ&7(*?#!Ye$0\05&y'(058&&%J02:J%VZJ!#!=$#a05#$!(*N058(?&2#$!20-!P[X<WOOT>!M*(N0$5(2&2!O:8)*#%&!PQ&7(*?#! !YQ5&*8#\#y'(058&&%J02:J%VZJ!

190 J. REYES ALTAMIRANO Y V. HORACIO SANTOYO

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5.1. Marco analítico para evaluar impactos multidimensionales de estrategias de intervención basadas en modelos de extensionismo en red

5.1.1. La Innovación

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!Figura 5-1. El concepto de innovación

InnovaciónCambio Riqueza

Conocimiento

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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE INDICADORES DE RESULTADOS PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE IMPACTOS…

191

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5.1.2. Extensionismo en red

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5.1.3. La evaluación de impactos

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!

!Figura 5-2. Dimensiones en la evaluación de los impactos de la innovación

Dimensionesde

análisis

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5.2. Guía metodológica para evaluar impactos multidimensio-nales de estrategias de intervención basadas en modelos de extensionismo en red

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5.2.1. Dimensión social (alcance y calidad de alcance)

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a) Variables

Número de productores atendidos por la agencia.! X*! -&!0N&-:&'()*!20!(%7&'8#5>!05!a:*2&%0*8&-!(20*8(a('&$!0-!*h%0$#!20!7$#2:'8#$05!\!#8$#5!&'F8#$05!(*N#-:'$&2#5!0*!-&!058$&80?(&!20!8&-!%&*0$&!d:0!7:02&*!&5(?*&$50!20!%&*0$&!&7$#7(&2&!-#5!b0*0a('(#5!20$(N&2#5!20!-&!(*80$N0*'()*|!-#5!7$#2:'F8#$05!&80*2(2#5!(*'-:\0*!&d:0--#5!d:0!a#$%&*!7&$80!20!-&!058$&80?(&!20!(*F80$N0*'()*! &! 8$&NU5! 20-! -0N&*8&%(0*8#! 20! (*a#$%&'()*! 0*! b(81'#$&5! \!$0'#%0*2&'(#*05|!-#5!7$#2:'8#$05!&5(580*805!&!-#5!0N0*8#5!20%#58$&8(N#5>!


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!

!Figura 5-3. Alcances en la gestión de la innovación

Superficie con que cuentan los productores de la agencia.!<0!$0a(0F$0!&!-&!(20*8(a('&'()*!20-!8#8&-!20!-&!5:70$a('(0!'#*!d:0!':0*8&*!-#5!7$#2:'F8#$05! (*N#-:'$&2#5! 0*! -&! 058$&80?(&! \! 5:! :8(-(3&'()*>! 058#! 70$%(8($1>! 0*! -&!0N&-:&'()*! 20! (%7&'8#5>! :b('&$! 0-! :5#! 8#8&-! 7&$'(&-! 20! -&! (**#N&'()*! 7#$!7&$80!20!-#5!7$#2:'8#$05J!

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Agenciapara la Gestión de la

Innovación

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Listado de innovaciones. 40!%&*0$&! 7$0N(&! &! -&! 0N&-:&'()*! 20! (%F7&'8#5>! 05!*0'05&$(#! '#*8&$! '#*! 0-! -(58&2#!20! -&5! (**#N&'(#*05! d:0! 50!2(Fa:*2($1*!0*8$0!-#5!7$#2:'8#$05!&!8$&NU5!20!-&!058$&80?(&!20!0V80*5(#*(5%#!0*!$02J!X58#!(%7-('&>!20520!0-!(*('(#!20!-&!058$&80?(&>!(20*8(a('&$!&!8$&NU5!20!-&!'#*5:-8&!'#*!0V70$8#5!\!&'8#$05!'-&N0!-&5!7$(*'(7&-05!(**#N&'(#*05!0*!0-!5(580%&!7$#2:'8#!\>!7#580$(#$%0*80>!058&!-(58&!50!'#%7-0%0*8&!'#*!-&5!(*F*#N&'(#*05!0*'#*8$&2&5!0*8$0!-#5!7$#2:'8#$05!(*N#-:'$&2#5!\!d:0!7:020*!50$!2(a:*2(2&5!&-!$058#!20!-&!7#b-&'()*J!

Número y perfil de participantes en los eventos realizados por la Agencia.!9#5!(%7&'8#5!20!-&!058$&80?(&!20!0V80*5(#*(5%#!\!20!-#5!'&*&-05!20!2(a:5()*!:8(-(3&2#5>! (%7&'8&*!*#!5#-#!&!*(N0-!20! -#5!7$#2:'8#$05!:5:&F$(#5!20!(**#N&'(#*05>!5(*#!8&%b(U*!&!#8$#5!&'8#$05!20-!5(580%&!d:0!7:020*!a&N#$0'0$! -&!%0e#$!#70$&'()*!20! -&!058$&80?(&!\! 5:!7$#7(&!2(a:5()*J!X*8$0!058#5! 20b0$1*! (20*8(a('&$50! a:*'(#*&$(#5! 7hb-('#5>! (*N058(?&2#$05>! &505#F$05!8U'*('#5>!058:2(&*805>!'#%0$'(&-(3&2#$05>!7$#N002#$05!20!(*5:%#5!\!50$N('(#5>! 0*8$0! #8$#5J! X58&5! N&$(&b-05! 70$%(8($1*>! &20%15>! &N&*3&$! 0*!-&! (20*8(a('&'()*! 20! -&! $02! d:0! 50! 205&$$#--&! '#%#! '#*50':0*'(&! 20! -&!058$&80?(&J!

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Atributos de las tecnologías validadas y difundidas! YK#?0$5! \!<Q#0%&R0$>!BCDHZJ!XV(580*!:*&!50$(0!20!&8$(b:8#5!20! -&5!80'*#-#?;&5!N&-(F2&2&5!d:0!20!&':0$2#!&!-&!70$'07'()*!20!-#5!7$#2:'8#$05>!%#2(a('&*!5:!8&F5&!0!(*80*5(2&2!20!&2#7'()*|!0*8$0!058#5!&8$(b:8#5!50!8(0*0*!-#5!5(?:(0*805+!


!

!

Cuadro 5-1. Alcance de las actividades de difusión de innovaciones

Cultivo Parcelas establecidas (%) Parques de

variedades ( %) Hectáreasutilizadas (%) Participantes (%)

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*#N&'()*!$0570'8#!20!-&!80'*#-#?;&!d:0!5:70$&J!9&!N0*8&e&!$0-&8(N&!7:020! %02($50! 0*! 8U$%(*#5! 0'#*)%('#5>! 7$058(?(#! 5#'(&-! '#*N0F*(0*'(&!\!5&8(5a&''()*J!P:&*8#!%&\#$!50&!-&!N0*8&e&!$0-&8(N&!d:0!50!70$'(b0!0*!-&!80'*#-#?;&>!8&*8#!%15!$17(2&!50$1!5:!&2#7'()*J!

! Accesibilidad.!X5! -&!%&?*(8:2!20!-&! (*N0$5()*!&2('(#*&-!$0d:0$(2&!7&$&!5:!&2#7'()*J!P:&*8#!%0*#$!50&!-&!(*N0$5()*!$0d:0$(2&!%&\#$!50$1!-&!&2#7'()*!\!N('0N0$5&J!

! Compatibilidad.!X5!0-!?$&2#!70$'(b(2#!20!'#*5(580*'(&!0*8$0!-&!(*F*#N&'()*!\!-&!80'*#-#?;&!0V(580*80>!-&5!0V70$(0*'(&5!&*80$(#$05!\!-&5!*0'05(2&205!20!-#5!7$#2:'8#$05J!

! Complejidad.!X5!0-!?$&2#!70$'(b(2#!20!2(a(':-8&2!0*!-&!'#%7$05()*!\!0-!:5#!20!:*&!80'*#-#?;&!*:0N&J!X*!?0*0$&->!':&*2#!0-!&7$0*2(3&Fe0!&2('(#*&-!$0d:0$(2#!20-!7$#2:'8#$!50&!70d:06#>! -&5! 80'*#-#?;&5!*:0N&5!7#2$1*! &2#78&$50!%15! $17(2&%0*80!d:0! -&5! (**#N&'(#*05!7&$&! ':\&! &2#7'()*! 50! 20b0*! a#$%&$! *:0N&5! Q&b(-(2&205! \! '#%F7$0*5(#*05J!

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197

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! Observabilidad. X5!0-!?$&2#!20!N(5(b(-(2&2!20!-#5!$05:-8&2#5!20!:*&!(**#N&'()*!7&$&!-#5!#8$#5J!P:&*8#!%15!a1'(-!50&!7&$&!-#5!7$#2:'8#F$05!N0$!-#5!$05:-8&2#5!20!:*&!(**#N&'()*>!8&*8#!%&\#$!50$1!-&!7$#Fb&b(-(2&2!20!&2#78&$-&J!

Cuadro 5-2. Atributos de las innovaciones promovidas en el extensionismo en red

Innovación

A T R I B U T O S*

Acce

sibili

dad

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aja

rela

tiva

Com

patib

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Com

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b) Indicadores

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!

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!Figura 5-4. Amplitud de alcance en el proceso de gestión de la innovación

Tasa de adopción de innovaciones por componente específico.! <0!$0a(0$0!&-!7#$!'(0*8#!20!7$#2:'8#$05!d:0!&2#78&$#*!2080$%(*&2&! (**#N&F'()*!7#$!(*a-:0*'(&!20-!0d:(7#!8U'*('#!#!O?0*'(&J!X580!(*2('&2#$!50$1!'&-':F-&2#!&!8$05!*(N0-05+!Y(Z!-#5!7$#2:'8#$05!&80*2(2#5!20!%&*0$&!2($0'8&!7#$!-&!O?0*'(&>!Y((Z!-#5!7$#2:'8#$05!7&$8('(7&*805!0*!&-?h*!0N0*8#!'#*N#'&2#!7#$!-&!O?0*'(&!\>!Y(((Z!-#5!7$#2:'8#$05!20!-&!$0?()*!*#!7&$8('(7&*805!0*!0N0*8#5!20-!0d:(7#!8U'*('#!#!O?0*'(&J!

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Influencia del equipo técnico o Agencia.!=#$!'(0*8#!20!7$#2:'8#$05!d:0!%&*(a(058&*! 80*0$! &! -&! O?0*'(&! '#%#! a:0*80! 20! (*a#$%&'()*! 7&$&! -&!&2#7'()*!20!(**#N&'(#*05!0570';a('&5J!

Índice de Adopción de Innovaciones.!=#$'0*8&e0!20!(**#N&'(#*05!$0F-0N&*805!d:0!&2#78&!'&2&!7$#2:'8#$!&!-#5!2(a0$0*805!*(N0-05!20!(*a-:0*'(&!20!-&!O?0*'(&J!

Cambios en el nivel de empleos.!T(20!0-!*h%0$#!20!0%7-0#5!2($0'F8#5!0!(*2($0'8#5!d:0!50!?0*0$&*!'#%#!7$#2:'8#!20!-&5!&''(#*05!20!-&!058$&F80?(&!20!?058()*!20!-&!(**#N&'()*J!!

C A L I D A D D E A L C A N C E

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=$#2:'8#$05! d:0!8#%&*!'#%#!$0a0$0*'(&! -&5!&''(#*05!20!-&!058$&80?(&! 7&$&! &2#78&$! (**#N&'(#*05!YuZ


199

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Cuadro 5-3. Impacto de los equipos técnicos o AGI en la adopción de innovaciones

Innovaciones

Tasa de adopción

(% de prod.)

Intensidadde adopción(% de sup.)

Influencia de la AGI

(% de prod.) [**#N&'()*!B�J!

! =$#2:'8#$05!&80*2(2#5!20!%&*0$&!2($0'8&!! O5(580*805!&!0N0*8#5!20!2(a:5()*!20!-&!O?0*'(&!Y=OX4Z!

! `#!7&$8('(7&*805!0*!0N0*8#5!20!2(a:5()*!Y=`=X4Z!

! ! !

[**#N&'()*!@�JJ!! =$#2:'8#$05!&80*2(2#5!20!%&*0$&!2($0'8&!! O5(580*805!&!0N0*8#5!20!2(a:5()*!20!-&!O?0*'(&!Y=OX4Z!

! `#!7&$8('(7&*805!0*!0N0*8#5!20!2(a:5()*!Y=`=X4Z!

! ! !

[**#N&'()*!*�JJ!! =$#2:'8#$05!&80*2(2#5!20!%&*0$&!2($0'8&!! O5(580*805!&!0N0*8#5!20!2(a:5()*!20!-&!O?0*'(&!Y=OX4Z!

! `#!7&$8('(7&*805!0*!0N0*8#5!20!2(a:5()*!Y=`=X4Z!

! ! !

5.2.2. Dimensión económica (rentabilidad de la estrategia)

9&! 2(%0*5()*! 0'#*)%('&! 50! $0a(0$0! &! -#5! '&%b(#5! 0*! (*2('&2#$05!d:0! 50!7:020*!N&-#$(3&$!\&!d:0!0V(580!:*!7$0'(#>!50!8$&8&!20!0N&-:&$!-#5!'#58#5!\!b0*0a('(#5!d:0!0*!8U$%(*#5!%#*08&$(#5!50! -#?$&*!'#*!-&!058$&80?(&!20!0VF80*5(#*(5%#!0*!$02J!X*!':&-d:(0$!05d:0%&!20!intervención, se trata de de-mostrar que los beneficios que se obtienen son mayores a los!'#58#5!0*!d:0!50! (*':$$0!7&$&! --0N&$-&! &! '&b#J!O!*(N0-! 20! -#5!7$#2:'8#$05!b0*0a('(&$(#5>!0*8$0! %&\#$05! 50&*! -#5! b0*0a('(#5! 0'#*)%('#5! d:0! 50! #b8(0*0*>! %&\#$!50$1! -&! 7$#b&b(-(2&2! 20! &2#78&$! (**#N&'(#*05! &! -&! N03! d:0! 50!%0e#$&! -&!'#%708(8(N(2&2!20!-#5!7$#2:'8#5!#b80*(2#5J!

a) Variables

Presupuesto global ejercido.![*'-:\0!-&!':&*8(a('&'()*!20!-#5!$0':$5#5!%#F*08&$(#5!&7#$8&2#5!7#$!-#5!2(a0$0*805!&'8#$05!(*N#-:'$&2#5!0*!-&!058$&80?(&!


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7&$&!205&$$#--&$!0-!7$#'05#!20!(**#N&'()*!\!d:0!70$%(8($1!Q&'0$!-&!'#%7&F$&'()*!'#*!-#5!b0*0a('(#5!#b80*(2#5!7&$&!#b80*0$!-&!$0*8&b(-(2&2!20!-&!(*FN0$5()*J!

Inversión de los productores en la adopción de las innovaciones propuestas.!P:&*8(a('&'()*!20!-&5!(*N0$5(#*05!&2('(#*&-05!d:0!$0&-(3&*!-#5!7$#2:'8#$05! '#*! 5:5! $0':$5#5!7$#7(#5!7&$&! &2#78&$! -&5! (**#N&'(#*05! $0F'#%0*2&2&5!0*!-&!058$&80?(&J!

Ingresos totales de la unidad de producción antes y después de la innovación.!K0d:(0$0!':&*8(a('&$!0-!%#*8#!20!-#5!(*?$05#5!d:0!$0?(58$&!-&!:*(2&2!20!7$#2:''()*!&*805!\!0*!-#5!2(a0$0*805!%#%0*8#5!20!-&!058$&80?(&|!50!8$&8&!20!(20*8(a('&$!-#5!(*?$05#5!&2('(#*&-05!d:0!50!#b8(0*0*!'#%#!'#*F50':0*'(&!20!-&!&2#7'()*!20!(**#N&'(#*05J!

Costos totales de la unidad de producción antes y después de la innovaciónJ! K0d:(0$0! ':&*8(a('&$! 0-! %#*8#! 20! -#5! '#58#5! d:0! $0?(58$&! -&!:*(2&2!20!7$#2:''()*!&*805!\!0*!-#5!2(a0$0*805!%#%0*8#5!20!-&!058$&80?(&|!50!8$&8&!20!(20*8(a('&$!-#5!'#58#5!&2('(#*&-05!d:0!50!#b8(0*0*!'#%#!'#*50F':0*'(&!20!-&!&2#7'()*!20!(**#N&'(#*05J!

Monto de los activos utilizados en la unidad de producción.!P#*!0-!7$#7)5(8#!20!#b80*0$! -#5! (*2('&2#$05!20! $0*8&b(-(2&2!20! -&! 058$&80?(&>! 05!*0'05&$(#! ':&*8(a('&$! 0-! N&-#$! 20! -#5! &'8(N#5! 20! -&! :*(2&2! 20! 7$#2:''()*!d:0!50!:8(-(3&*!7&$&!0-!205&$$#--#!20!-&!&'8(N(2&2!7$#2:'8(N&J!

Rendimientos obtenidos antes y después de la estrategia.! P#*! 0-!a(*!20!7#20$!':&*8(a('&$!-#5!b0*0a('(#5!&8$(b:(b-05!&!-&!&2#7'()*!20!(**#N&F'(#*05>!50!%(20*!-#5!$0*2(%(0*8#5!7#$!:*(2&2!20!5:70$a('(0!#!0*!-&!:*(2&2!20!7$#2:''()*!d:0!50!#b8(0*0*!&*805!\!2:$&*80!-&!058$&80?(&!20!(*80$N0*F'()*!'#*!0-!a(*!20!':&*8(a('&$!0*!705#5!0-!N&-#$!20!-&!7$#2:''()*!&2('(#*&-!d:0!50!#b8(0*0J!

b) Indicadores

Relación beneficio costo en unidades de producción.! T(20! -&! $0-&'()*!0*8$0!-#5!(*?$05#5!&2('(#*&-05!#!b(0*!0-!&Q#$$#!d:0!50!8(0*0!0*!-#5!'#58#5!\!-#5!'#58#5!&2('(#*&-05!20!:*&!(**#N&'()*!d:0!5#*!7$#2:'8#!20!-&!&2#7'()*!20!-&!(**#N&'()*J!9&!$0-&'()*!b0*0a('(#!'#58#!20b0$1!50$!%&\#$!&!:*#J!


201

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Utilidad.!X5!-&!2(a0$0*'(&!0*8$0!-#5!(*?$05#5!\!-#5!'#58#5!#b80*(2#5!0*!-&!:*(2&2!20!7$#2:''()*!&!7&$8($!20!-&!&2#7'()*!20!(**#N&'(#*05J!X*!0580!'&5#>!-&!:8(-(2&2!#b80*(2&!'#%#!'#*50':0*'(&!20!-&!058$&80?(&!20!(*80$N0*F'()*!20b0$1!50$!7#5(8(N&J!

Beneficio total.!X5! -&!5:%&!20!-&5!:8(-(2&205!20$(N&2&5!20!-&! (**#N&F'()*!0*!-&!5:70$a('(0!&80*2(2&!'#*!-&!058$&80?(&!20!0V80*5(#*(5%#!0*!$02J!<0!8$&8&!20!':&*8(a('&$!-&!%&?*(8:2!20!%#*8#!20!$0':$5#5!%#*08&$(#5!d:0!?0F*0$&! -&! 058$&80?(&!20! 0V80*5(#*(5%#! 0*! 0-! :*(N0$5#!20!7$#2:'8#$05! \! 5:F70$a('(0!&80*2(2&J!

Rentabilidad de la Inversión PúblicaJ!X5!0-!'#0a('(0*80!20-!b0*0a('(#!8#8&-!#b80*(2#!\!0-!7$05:7:058#!?-#b&-!0e0$'(2#!0*!-&!058$&80?(&J!X5!:*!(*2(F'&2#$!20!-&!0a('(0*'(&!'#*!d:0!50!:5&*!-#5!$0':$5#5!7hb-('#5!d:0!8(0*0*!:*!'#58#!20!#7#$8:*(2&2!0*!#8$&5!058$&80?(&5!'#*!-&5!':&-05!50&!N(&b-0!-&!'#%F7&$&'()*|!0*!8#2#!'&5#! -&!$0*8&b(-(2&2!20! -&! (*N0$5()*!7hb-('&!20b0$1!50$!7#5(8(N&!\>!0*!0-!'&5#!20!-&!'#%7&$&'()*!'#*!#8$&5!058$&80?(&5>!-#!2050&b-0!05!d:0!0580!(*2('&2#$!50&!%&\#$!0*!-&!058$&80?(&!20!(*80$N0*'()*!0*!$02J!

Rentabilidad de los activos.!X5!-&!$0-&'()*!0*8$0!-&!:8(-(2&2!#b80*(2&!0*!'&2&!:*(2&2!20!7$#2:''()*!\!-#5!&'8(N#5!:8(-(3&2#5!0*!5:!#b80*'()*>!%(F20!-&!0a('(0*'(&!'#*!-&!':&-!50!0581*!:8(-(3&*2#!-#5!&'8(N#5!20!:*&!:*(2&2!20!7$#2:''()*>!50!8$&8&!20!0N&-:&$!5(>!'#*!-&!058$&80?(&>!50!%0e#$&!-&!$0*8&b(-(F2&2!\!7#$!8&*8#!-&!0a('(0*'(&!20!-#5!&'8(N#5!'#*!d:0!50!':0*8&J!

5.2.3. Dimensión ambiental

9&!2(%0*5()*!&%b(0*8&-!20!-#5!(*2('&2#$05!20!(%7&'8#>!8$&8&!20!0N&-:&$!-&!'#*8$(b:'()*!20!-&!058$&80?(&!20!(*80$N0*'()*!0*!$02!0*!-&!%0e#$&!0*!-&!0a(F'(0*'(&! 80'*#-)?('&!20! -#5! (*5:%#5!:8(-(3&2#5>! 0*! -&! '#*50$N&'()*!\! 0*! -&!$0':70$&'()*!&%b(0*8&-J!X*!0580!'&5#>! 50!7-&*80&*! (*2('&2#$05!20!&7-('&F'()*! (*%02(&8&! d:0!7:020*! (*'#$7#$&$50! 0*! -#5! (*58$:%0*8#5!20! 8$&b&e#!20!-&5!&?0*'(&5!20!?058()*!20!-&!(**#N&'()*!#!d:0!7:020*!#b80*0$50!20!-&5!b&505!20!2&8#5!20!d:0!2(57#*0*J!

Variables

Uso de agroquímicos.!<0!8$&8&!20!(20*8(a('&$!0*!-&5!:*(2&205!20!7$#2:'F'()*! &! -#5! (*5:%#5! '#%#! 5#*! &?$#d:;%('#5! \! a0$8(-(3&*805>! 0N&-:&2#5!


!

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50?h*! 5:5! '&*8(2&205>! a$0':0*'(&!20!:5#! \!*(N0-05!20! 8#V('(2&2!d:0! 5#*!:8(-(3&2#5!0*!-&5!80'*#-#?;&5!7$0N&-0'(0*805!&*805!\!2057:U5!20!-&!058$&F80?(&!20!(*80$N0*'()*J!

Uso de energía.!<0!':&*8(a('&!0-!'#*5:%#!20!'#%b:58(b-05!a)5(-05!'#F%#! 5#*! 0-! &'0(80! '#%b:58(b-0>! ?&5#-(*&>!2(050->! 0-0'8$('(2&2!#!b(#%&5&!0*!a#$%&!20!&-'#Q#->!-06&!#!$058#5!N0?08&-05>!&*805!\!2057:U5!20!-&!058$&80?(&!20!(*80$N0*'()*J!

Uso de recursos naturales. <0!0N&-h&!&!7&$8($!20!-&5!*0'05(2&205!20!&?:&!7&$&!$(0?#!7&$&!7$#'05&%(0*8#!\!20!-&5!*0'05(2&205!20!5:0-#!7&$&!0-!205&$$#--#!20!-&5!&'8(N(2&205!(*N#-:'$&2&5!0*!0-!7$#'05#!20!7$#2:''()*J!

b) Indicadores

Eficiencia tecnológica.!T(20!0-!&7#$80!20!-&5!(**#N&'(#*05!0*!-&!$02:''()*!20! -&!2070*20*'(&!20-!:5#!20! (*5:%#5!20! 5;*805(5!d:;%('&!\!20! $0':$5#5!*&8:$&-05J!<0!b:5'&!d:0!-&5!(**#N&'(#*05!7$#%#N(2&5!'#*8$(b:\&*!&!:*!20F5&$$#--#!5#580*(b-0!20!-&!&'8(N(2&2!&?$#70':&$(&J!

5.2.4. Dimensión político institucional

K0'#*#'(0*2#!d:0!0-!7$#'05#!20!(**#N&'()*!(*N#-:'$&!:*&!50$(0!20!&'8(N(F2&205!'(0*8;a('&5>!80'*#-)?('&5>!#$?&*(3&'(#*&-05>!a(*&*'(0$&5>!'#%0$'(&-05!0! (*58(8:'(#*&-05>!05!*0'05&$(#!0N&-:&$!0*!d:U!%02(2&!:*&!058$&80?(&!20!(*80$N0*'()*! '#%#! 0-! 0V80*5(#*(5%#! 0*! $02! '#*8$(b:\0! &! a#$8&-0'0$! -&5!'&7&'(2&205!20!-#5!&'8#$05!(*N#-:'$&2#5!\!-#5!-&3#5!0V(580*805!0*8$0!0--#5J!

Variables

Redes de cooperación existentes.!<(580%&8(3&$!-&!0V(580*'(&!20!$0205!0*F8$0!-#5!&'8#$05!(*N#-:'$&2#5!0*!0-!5(580%&!7$#2:'8#!0*!d:0!#70$&$1!-&!0VF80*5()*! 0*! $02>! &! 7&$8($! 20-! 2(&?*)58('#! 20! ?$&*205! &'8#$05! \! 20! -#5!N;*':-#5!0V(580*805!0*8$0!0--#5J!

Políticas públicas disponibles.! 405'$(b($! -&5! '&$&'80$;58('&5! 20! -#5! 05Fd:0%&5!20!&7#\#!'#*!d:0!':0*8&*! -#5!7$#2:'8#$05!b0*0a('(&$(#5!20-!0V80*F5(#*(5%#>!5:5!'&$&'80$;58('&5!?0*0$&-05>!'#%7#*0*805!20!&7#\#!\!%&?*(8:2!20!-#5!$0':$5#5!(*N#-:'$&2#5>!&*805!\!2057:U5!20!-&!058$&80?(&!20!(*80$N0*'()*J!


203

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b) Indicadores

Cambios en la formación de redes de cooperación.!P#%#!'#*50':0*'(&!20!-&!#70$&'()*!20!-&!058$&80?(&!50!':&*8(a('&!-&!'#*58(8:'()*!20!$0205!d:0!(*N#-:'$0*!&!-#5!2(a0$0*805!&'8#$05!20-!7$#'05#!20!(**#N&'()*J!

Cambios en la orientación de las políticas públicas.! P:&*8(a('&$! 5(!-#5!Q&\>!-#5!'&%b(#5!d:0!50!#$(?(*&*!'#*!-&!0V70$(0*'(&!20!-&!058$&80?(&!0*!&d:0--#5!&570'8#5!20!7#-;8('&!7hb-('&!'#%#!5#*>! -&!20a(*('()*!20!7$(#$(2&F205!20!&7#\#>!2(506#!0!(%7-&*8&'()*!20!7$#?$&%&5!20!'&7&'(8&'()*!20520!-&5!(*58&*'(&5!$057#*5&b-05!Q&'(&!-#5!b0*0a('(&$(#5J!

Participación relacional.!T(20!-&!7&$8('(7&'()*!20!-#5!0V80*5(#*(58&5!\!7$#2:'8#$05!0*!0N0*8#5!'#*N#'&2#5!7#$!-&5!(*58&*'(&5!?:b0$*&%0*8&-05!7&$&!0V7#*0$!-#5!$05:-8&2#5!#b80*(2#5!0*!-&!058$&80?(&J!

5.3. Referencias P_WXP>!@AAG>!La persona protagonista de la innovaciónJ!":*2&'()*!P_WXP!

7&$&!-&![**#N&'()*!W0'*#-)?('&J!T&2$(2J!! !^^^J'#80'J05J!

4(&5>!"-&N(#>!,:58&N#!<&(*!\!<0$?(#!<&--05F"(-Q#>!@AAD>!Evaluación multidimen-sional de los impactos de la investigación agropecuaria: una propues-ta metodológicaJ!"_`WO,K_F[[POJ!4(57#*(b-0!0*+!! !Q887+]]^^^J(('&J(*8]X57]#$?&*(3&'(#*]9W,P]! W0'*#-#?(&0[**#N&F'(#*]=:b-('&'(#*05wW0[]XN&-w(%7&'8#w7$#7:058&w%08#2#-J72a!

9:*2N&-->!m0*?8FOR0>!BCCA>!j"$#%!80'Q*#-#?\!&5!&!a&'8#$!8#!(**#N&8(#*!&5!&*!(*80$&'8(N0!7$#'055kJ!`08^#$R5!#a!(**#N&8#$5+!&*![*80$*&8(#*&-![*80$F2(5'(7-(*&$\!^#$R5Q#7J!T#*8$0&-J!

9:*2N&-->! m0*?8FOR0>! BCC@>! National systems of innovation: towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning.! =(*80$! =:b-(5Q0$5J!9#*2#*J!

T:6#3>!T&*$$:b(#|! gJ!K0\05!O-8&%($&*#>! g#$?0!O?:(-&$>!K#b0$8#!K0*2)*!\!O*&58&'(#!X570e0->! @AAD>! Innovación: motor de la competitividad agroalimentariaJ!M*(N0$5(2&2!O:8)*#%&!PQ&7(*?#J!TUV('#J!

K#?0$5>!XN0$08!TJ!\!"-#\2!"J!<Q#0%&R0$>!BCDH>!La comunicación de innova-cionesJ!P0*8$#!K0?(#*&-!20!O\:2&!WU'*('&J!TUV('#J!

!

!

!

CAPÍTULO VI

Animación de la interacción con actores clave en cadenas agroalimentariasB

Jorge Aguilar Ávila* Roberto Rendón Medel#

6.1. Fomento de la interacción para la innovación con actores clave en redes de valor agroalimentarias

6.1.1. La interacción como herramienta para fomentar la competitividad

=&$&!058(%:-&$!-&!'#*a#$%&'()*!\!a#$8&-0'(%(0*8#!20!-#5!sistemas regiona-les de innovación>! 8&*8#!0-!X58&2#!'#%#! -&!5#'(02&2!'(N(-!20b0*!7$#7#*0$!#7'(#*05! 0*'&%(*&2&5! &! '&8&-(3&$! 5:!%0e#$! '#*a(?:$&'()*J! X*! 0-! '&5#!20-!50'8#$! 7$(%&$(#>! 05! 2050&b-0! d:0! 058&5! #7'(#*05! &7:*80*! &-! 205&$$#--#! 20!*:0N&5! '&7&'(2&205!7&$&!0-!:5:a$:'8#!20-! '#*#'(%(0*8#! Y81'(8#! #! 0V7-('(8#Z!?0*0$&2#!7#$!2(N0$5#5!&'8#$05>!&5;!'#%#!&!-&!'#*a#$%&'()*!#!a#$8&-0'(%(0*8#!wwwwwwwwwwwwwwww!B!X-!'#*80*(2#!20-!7$050*80!'&7;8:-#!a:0!205&$$#--&2#!'#*!&7#\#!20!-&!"O_>!%02(&*80!2#5!WP=+!(Z!0*8$0!0-!&6#!@AAD!\!0-!@AAE>!50!0e0':8)!0-!WP=!jDiseño del modelo de agen-cias para la gestión de la innovación en cadenas agroalimentariask|!((Z!0*!@AAE!\!@AAC>!50!(%7-0%0*8)!0-!WP=!jExtensionismo en red en cadenas agroalimentarias como un me-canismo de articulación de los sistemas regionales de innovación”J!x!=$#a05#$!20-!P[X<WOOT>!M*(N0$5(2&2!O:8)*#%&!PQ&7(*?#! !!Ye#$?0'Q&7(*?#y'(058&&%J02:J%VZJ!}!=$#a05#$!20-!P[X<WOOT>!M*(N0$5(2&2!O:8)*#%&!PQ&7(*?#!! !Y$0*2#*J$#b0$8#y'(058&&%J02:J%VZJ!

206 JORGE AGUILAR Y ROBERTO RENDÓN

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207

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!Figura 6-5. Los gradientes de poder en la comunicación de actores

de una red de innovación

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6.2. Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como palanca del modelo de extensionismo en red

6.2.1. Antecedentes

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6.2.2. Necesidad de fortalecer un sistema de interacción

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6.2.4 Accesibilidad: Dominio informático y perfiles de usuarios

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6.2.5. Utilidad: Valor de uso interno y externo

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6.2.6. Sostenibilidad: soporte informático, operativo y financiero

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de la Innovación

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6.3. Hacia la gestión de la interacción con fines de innovación

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6.4. Referencias O?:(-&$>! g#$?0|!T&*$$:b(#!T:6#3|! K#b0$8#!K0*2)*! \! gJ! K0\05! O-8&%($&*#>!

@AAD>!Selección de actores a entrevistar para analizar la dinámica de la innovación bajo un enfoque de redesJ!<0$(0!O?0*'(&5!7&$&!-&!,05F8()*!20!-&![**#N&'()*J!M*(N0$5(2&2!O:8)*#%&!PQ&7(*?#J!TUV('#J!

P_WXP>!@AAG>!La persona protagonista de la innovaciónJ!":*2&'()*!P_WXP!7&$&!-&![**#N&'()*!W0'*#-)?('&J!T&2$(2J!^^^J'#80'J05J!


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T:6#3>!T&*$$:b(#|!K#b0$8#!K0*2)*|!g#$?0!O?:(-&$|!g#5U!,:&2&-:70!,&$';&!\! gJ! K0\05! O-8&%($&*#>! @AAH>! Redes de innovación, un acerca-miento a su identificación, análisis y gestión para el desarrollo ruralJ! M*(N0$5(2&2! O:8)*#%&! PQ&7(*?#>! ":*2&'()*! =K_4MPX!T('Q#&'1*>!OJPJ!

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CAPÍTULO VII

Selección y contratación de profesionales para la gestión de la innovación en redes

de valor agroalimentariasB!

Jorge Aguilar Ávila* Roberto Rendón Medel#

Maricela De la Vega Mena‡ Martha Esperanza González García§

7.1. Selección de profesionales para integrar equipos para la gestión de la innovación

7.1.1. Importancia del proceso de selección

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230 JORGE AGUILAR, ROBERTO RENDÓN, MARICELA DE LA VEGA Y MARTHA E. GONZÁLEZ

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7.1.2. Elementos a considerar en el diseño de un proceso de selección

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SELECCIÓN Y CONTRATACIÓN DE PROFESIONALES PARA LA GESTIÓN DE LA INNOVACIÓN …

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a) Conformación del comité de selección

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b) Elaboración y publicación de la convocatoria

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c) Elaboración y calificación de exámenes técnicos

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d) Formalización de los resultados del proceso de selección

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7.1.3. Rubros a evaluar en los candidatos

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a) Verificación de la elegibilidad de los aspirantes en las listas de desempeño

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b) Evaluación técnica

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c) Valoración curricular

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d) Valoración del desempeño durante la entrevista

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e) Valoración de perfiles: prueba de Kolb

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Tipo I: Observación reflexivaJ!O7$0*20*!N(0*2#!\!05':'Q&*2#J!X*F8(0*20*!0-!5(?*(a('&2#!20!(20&5!\!5(8:&'(#*05!'#*!:*&!#b50$N&'()*!':(2&2#F5&!\!205'$(7'()*!(%7&$'(&-!20!U58&5J!4(5a$:8&*!(*8:\0*2#!0-!5(?*(a('&2#!20!5(8:&'(#*05!0!(20&5>!\!5#*!b:0*#5!7&$&!N0$!5:5!(%7-('&'(#*05J!.0*!-&5!'#5&5!20520! 2(a0$0*805! 70$570'8(N&5>! 7&$&! &7$0'(&$! 2(a0$0*805! 7:*8#5! 20! N(58&J!905! ?:58&! '#*8&$! '#*! 5:5!7$#7(#5!70*5&%(0*8#5!\! 50*8(%(0*8#5!7&$&! a#$F%&$!5:5!#7(*(#*05J!<#*!7&'(0*805!0!(%7&$'(&-05>!\!'#*5(20$&2#5!%:\!70*F5&8(N#5J! W#%&*! 0-! 50*8(2#! 20! :*&! 0V70$(0*'(&! 7&$&! $0a-0V(#*&$! 0*! U58&! \!70*5&$!5#b$0!-&!%(5%&J!

Tipo II: Conceptualización abstractaJ!O7$0*20*!70*5&*2#J!M5&*!-&!-)?('&>! (20&5! \! '#*'078#5J! <#*! b:0*#5! 7&$&! -&! 7-&*(a('&'()*! 5(580%18('&>!%&*(7:-&'()*! 20! 5;%b#-#5! &b58$&'8#5! \! &*1-(5(5! ':&*8(8&8(N#J! .&-#$&*! -&!7$0'(5()*>!0-!$(?#$!\!2(5'(7-(*&!20!(20&5!&*&-(3&2&5>!\!-&!'&-(2&2!\!058U8('&!20!:*! 5(580%&! '#*'078:&-! #$20*&2#J! W#%&*! (*a#$%&'()*! &*&-(3&*2#>! #b50$FN&*2#!\!70*5&*2#!

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Cuadro 7-1. Criterios de codificación de respuestas para la aplicación de perfiles de aprendizaje a prestadores de servicios profesionales

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f) Valoración del estilo de liderazgo

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7.1.4. Sistematización y análisis de los resultados

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7.2. Escenarios para la contratación de profesionales para la gestión de redes de innovación

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7.2.1. Modalidades o escenarios de contratación de profesionales en las redes de valor agroalimentarias

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2- Niveles de contrataciónJ!! &Z!XV(580*!'#*8$&8#5!d:0!50!:b('&*!0*!:*!7$(%0$!*(N0-!20!$0-&'()*>!-#5!

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a) Contratación directa de personas físicas o personas morales

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Cuadro 7-2. El ejecutor del gasto contrata a personas físicas

Elementos del contenido Características de los Contratos 40'-&$&'(#*05! X-!0e0':8#$!20!?&58#!20'-&$&!-#!d:0!'#$$057#*20!&!5:5!&8$(b:'(#*05!

-0?&-05! \! '&7&'(2&205! &2%(*(58$&8(N&5|! &5;! '#%#! 5:5! #be08(N#5J! X-!=<=!20'-&$&!-#!$0-&'(#*&2#!&!5:!70$5#*&-(2&2!7$#a05(#*&-!\!a(5'&-!\!d:0!0581!20!&':0$2#!0*!-&5!'#*2('(#*05!20-!'#*8$&8#J!

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!

!

Cuadro 7-3. El ejecutor del gasto contrata a personas morales

Elementos del contenido Características de los contratos 40'-&$&'(#*05! XV(580!'#*a:5()*!0*8$0! -#5!&'8#$05! a($%&*805!20-! '#*8$&8#>!0*!

2#5! '&5#5! 20'-&$&*! -#5! b0*0a('(&$(#5! :! #$?&*(3&'()*! \! -&!70$5#*&! %#$&-! \! 0*! #8$#! '&5#! 0-! 0e0':8#$! 20-! ?&58#! \! -&!70$5#*&! %#$&-+! -#5! 8U$%(*#5! 20! -&5! 20'-&$&'(#*05! Q&'0*!$0a0$0*'(&! &! 5:5! &8$(b:'(#*05! -0?&-05>! $07$050*8&*805! \!0e0':'()*! 20! -#5! $0':$5#5! &! 7&$8($! 20-! '#%7#*0*80! 20-!=$#?$&%&! <#7#$80! \! 5:5! &8$(b:'(#*05! -0?&-05! \! &5:%0*! *#!058&$!-(%(8&2#5!-0?&-%0*80!7&$&!7$058&$!0-!50$N('(#J!

_be08#!20-!'#*8$&8#! <0! $0-&'(#*&! '#*! -&! %08#2#-#?;&! 20! $0205! 20! N&-#$!O?$#&-(%0*8&$(&5!\!Q&'0!$0a0$0*'(&!&-!7$#?$&%&!20!8$&b&e#J!

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!


245

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!

<(*! 0%b&$?#>! 0*! -#5! 2(a0$0*805! '&5#5! $0N(5&2#5! 50! 2080'8&$#*! 20a(F'(0*'(&5!#!(%7$0'(5(#*05!0*!':&*8#!&!-:?&$!\!a0'Q&!20!7&?#>!7$#'02(%(0*8#!20!0N&-:&'()*!\!-#5!&7#\#5!&2('(#*&-05!$0d:0$(2#5J!

X*!-#5!'#*8$&8#5!05!$0':$$0*80!-&!a&-8&!20!$0a0$0*'(&!7$0'(5&!20!-&!'&$F8&!20!'05()*!20!20$0'Q#5!7#$!-#5!b0*0a('(&$(#5!\!-&!'&$0*'(&!20-!7$#?$&%&!20!8$&b&e#>!\&!50&!0*!0-!':0$7#!20-!'#*8$&8#!#!'#%#!0*!&*0V#5J!X*!7&$8(':F-&$!058&!a&-8&!(*'(20!0*!-&!(%7$0'(5()*!20!-#5!7$#2:'8#5!&!0*8$0?&$|!&5;!'#F%#! 0*! -&! 2(a(':-8&2! 7&$&! 058&b-0'0$! -&5! 5&*'(#*05! \>! 0*! 5:! '&5#>! -&!$0N#'&'()*!20!058#5!(*58$:%0*8#5!e:$;2('#5J!

b) Incubación por institución de enseñanza o investigación

X*! 058&!%#2&-(2&2! YP:&2$#! DFHZ>! 20b0*! 2058&'&$50! '#%#! '&$&'80$;58('&5!?0*0$&-05>!d:0!$0h*0*!-#5!$0d:(5(8#5!20!:*! (*58$:%0*8#!&2%(*(58$&8(N#J!<#Fb$0!8#2#!':%7-0*!-#!$0-&8(N#!&!#be08#!&70?&2#!&!-&!%08#2#-#?;&!20!$0205!\!N(F?0*'(&!20-!'#*8$&8#>!-#5!7$#2:'8#5!&!0*8$0?&$!\!0-!*h%0$#!20!%(*(58$&'(#*05J!

K0570'8#!&! -&! (*':b&'()*! Y0-0%0*8#! a:*2&%0*8&-! 0*!058&!%#2&-(2&2!20!'#*8$&8&'()*Z>!5)-#!50!506&-&!0*!8U$%(*#5!20!&7#\#!&2%(*(58$&8(N#!\!20!%&*0$&! 2(a:5&! 0*! &7#\#! 8U'*('#|! 70$#! -#5! &570'8#5! $0-&'(#*&2#5! '#*! -&!'#*5#-(2&'()*!20!:*!0d:(7#!8U'*('#!*#!50!(*'-:\0*!0*!*(*?:*#!20!-#5!'#*F8$&8#5!&*&-(3&2#5J!X*! -&5!0*8$0N(58&5! $0&-(3&2&5>! 50!'#*a($%&! -&!0V(580*'(&!20!058&!20a('(0*'(&!\!50!7$#7#*0!d:0!0580!&570'8#!50!20b0!0570'(a('&$!0*!:*!&*0V#! &-! '#*8$&8#>! 20a(*(0*2#! &570'8#5! 0570';a('#5! 20! -&! (*':b&'()*! 20!&':0$2#!&!-&!$02!20!N&-#$!&80*2(2&J!

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!!


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!

Cuadro 7-4. El ejecutor del gasto contrata a instituciones de investigación o enseñanza

Elementos del contenido Características de los contratos 40'-&$&'(#*05! X*!&-?:*#5! '&5#5!20'-&$&*! -#5!b0*0a('(&$(#5!:!#$?&*(3&'()*!\! -&!

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247

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c) Incubación o administración por organización no gubernamental

9&!%#2&-(2&2!I!YP:&2$#5!DFSZ>!05!5(%(-&$!&-!7$#'05#!20!(*':b&'()*!b$(*2&F2#!7#$!:*&!(*58(8:'()*!20!(*N058(?&'()*!#!0*506&*3&|!5(*!0%b&$?#>!50!0*F'#*8$)!d:0!0*!0580!'&5#!50!8$&8&!20!:*&!#70$&'()*!%15!&2%(*(58$&8(N&J!X*!-#5!'#*8$&8#5!20!0580!8(7#!50!(20*8(a(')!d:0!':%7-0*!'#*!-#!$0-&8(N#!&!20'-&F$&'(#*05>!#be08#!&70?&2#!&!-&!%08#2#-#?;&!20!$0205!\!N(?0*'(&!20-!'#*8$&F8#>!-#5!7$#2:'8#5!&!0*8$0?&$!\!0-!*h%0$#!20!%(*(58$&'(#*05J!

Cuadro 7-5. El ejecutor del gasto contrata a organizaciones no gubernamentales

Elementos del contenido Características de los Contratos 40'-&$&'(#*05! X-! ?#b(0$*#! 20-! 058&2#! 20'-&$&! -&5! $057#*5&b(-(2&205! \!

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d) Las incubadoras contratan personas físicas o morales

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249

!

!

Cuadro 7-6. Las instituciones de investigación, enseñanza u organizaciones no gubernamentales contratan personas morales y físicas

Elementos del contenido Características de los contratos 40'-&$&'(#*05! <06&-&!&8$(b:'(#*05!\!$057#*5&b(-(2&205!7$#7(&5!

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!

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7.2.2. Factores clave a considerar en la contratación de prestadores de servicios profesionales para la integración de equipos técnicos

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!


251

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Cuadro 7-7. Factores a considerar al elaborar los contratos de prestadores de servicios profesionales

Elementos del contrato

Modalidad 1. Ejecutor del gasto

contrata

Modalidad 2. Ejecutor del gas-

to contrata a institución de

enseñanza o investigación (incubadoras)

Modalidad 3. Ejecutor del gasto contrata a organi-zación no guber-namental (para

administración o incubación)

Modalidad 4. Instituciones de enseñanza

/investigación u organización no gubernamental

Personas físicas

Personasmorales

Personas físicas

Personas morales

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Elementos del contrato

Modalidad 1. Ejecutor del gasto

contrata

Modalidad 2. Ejecutor del gas-

to contrata a institución de

enseñanza o investigación (incubadoras)

Modalidad 3. Ejecutor del gasto contrata a organi-zación no guber-namental (para

administración o incubación)

Modalidad 4. Instituciones de enseñanza

/investigación u organización no gubernamental

Personas físicas

Personasmorales

Personas físicas

Personas morales

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253

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7.3. Bases para profesionalizar a los extensionistas 4(506&$>!N&-(2&$!\!&7-('&$!:*!7$#'05#!20!50-0''()*!$#b:58#!70$%(8($1!'#*F8&$!'#*!-#5!7$#a05(#*&-05!'#*!%0e#$!70$a(-!7&$&!#70$&$!:*!TXK|!(*N#-:'$&$!&! -#5!&'8#$05! -#'&-05!0*!0-!7$#'05#!?&$&*8(3&$1!-&!:8(-(2&2!20-!%(5%#>!0N(F8&*2#!205'&-(a('&'(#*05!(*a:*2&2&5!&-!%(5%#J!

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7.4. Consideraciones O7-('&$!:*!7$#'05#!20!50-0''()*!$#b:58#!20!7$058&2#$05!20!50$N('(#5!7$#Fa05(#*&-05!05!:*&!8&$0&!d:0!$0b&5&!0-!1%b(8#!20!-&!5(%7-0!N&-#$&'()*!20!-&5!'&7&'(2&205! 8U'*('&5!20! -#5!'&*2(2&8#5!&!#':7&$!:*!7:058#!0*!:*!0d:(7#!0*a#'&2#!&! ?058(#*&$! -&! (**#N&'()*! 0*! 80$$(8#$(#5! $:$&-05J! 9&! 0V70$(0*'(&!20!50(5!&6#5!0*!0-!2(506#!20!:*!TXK!(*2('&!d:0!&20%15!20!-&5!'#%7080*F'(&5! (*2(N(2:&-05! 0*! 0-! 1%b(8#! 80'*#-)?('#>!:*!0d:(7#! '#*! -&! 8&$0&!20!2(F*&%(3&$!-&!(**#N&'()*!20b0!':b$($!0-!5(?:(0*80!70$a(-+!

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7.5. Referencias P&$&b(*>!WQ(0$$\!TJ>!@AAH>!`:0N#5!8058!20!50-0''()*!20!70$5#*&-J!X2(8#$(&-!

.0''Q(J!m&$'0-#*&J!=#20$!Xe0':8(N#!"020$&->!@AAD>!jO':0$2#!7#$!0-!d:0!50!058&b-0'0*!-&5!K0F

?-&5!20!_70$&'()*!20!-#5!=$#?$&%&5!20!-&!<0'$08&$;&!20!O?$(':-8:F$&>! ,&*&20$;&>! 405&$$#--#! K:$&->! =05'&! \! O-(%0*8&'()*k>! 4(&$(#!_a('(&-!20!-&!"020$&'()*J!9:*05!IB!20!2('(0%b$0!20!@AADJ!TUV('#J!

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<O,OK=O>!@AAC>! jK0d:(5(8#5!20!X-0?(b(-(2&2!20! -#5!7$058&2#$05!20! 50$N(F'(#5!7$#a05(#*&-05!d:0!7&$8('(7&*!0*!0-!P#%7#*0*80!20!O5(580*'(&!WU'*('&!\!P&7&'(8&'()*!20-!=$#?$&%&!20!<#7#$80!20!-&!<O,OK=OkJ!P($':-&$+!AAB]@AACJ!TUV('#J!

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Reflexión final:

Del extensionismo agrícola a las redes de innovación rural

"$0*80!&!-&!70$570'8(N&!-(*0&-!20-!0V80*5(#*(5%#!&?$;'#-&>!05!*0'05&$(#!$0F'#*#'0$!&! -&! (**#N&'()*! '#%#!:*!7$#'05#! 5#'(&-!d:0! 50!205&$$#--&!0*!:*!&%b(0*80!(*80$&'8(N#J!=#$!8&*8#>!-&5!$0-&'(#*05!5#'(&-05>!0-!'#*80V8#!(*58(8:F'(#*&->!&5;!'#%#!0-!057&'(#!?0#?$1a('#!*#!5#*!':058(#*05!50':*2&$(&5>!5(*#!0-0%0*8#5! a:*2&%0*8&-05!0! (%7$05'(*2(b-05!7&$&!'#%7$0*20$!')%#! a:*F'(#*&*!\!')%#!50!?0*0$&*!-#5!7$#'05#5!20!(**#N&'()*J!9&!?058()*!20!-&!(*F80$&''()*!05>!7#$!-#!8&*8#>!a:*2&%0*8&-!7&$&!--0N&$!&!-&!7$1'8('&!'#*'078#5!8&-05!'#%#+!j5(580%&!*&'(#*&-!#!$0?(#*&-!20!(**#N&'()*k>!j'#%:*(2&205!20!&7$0*2(3&e0k!\!j$0205!20!(**#N&'()*kJ!!

=&$&! 50$!0a('&3>! -&! (*80$&''()*!7&$&! -&!?058()*!20! -&! (**#N&'()*!20b0!80*0$!0*!':0*8&!8$05!7:*8#5!'$;8('#5>!&!5&b0$+!

Primer punto crítico.!=&$&!2(*&%(3&$!-&!&'8(N(2&2!(**#N&2#$&!20-!50'8#$!7$#2:'8(N#!\!7&$&!&80*20$!-&5!*0'05(2&205!\!#7#$8:*(2&F205! &! *(N0-! 058&8&->! $0?(#*&->! *&'(#*&-! 0! (*80$*&'(#*&->! 05! *0'05&$(#!'#%7$0*20$>!&'0-0$&$!\!a#$8&-0'0$!-&!'#F0N#-:'()*!0*8$0!'(0*'(&>!80'F*#-#?;&!0!(**#N&'()*J!P#F0N#-:'()*!5(?*(a('&!d:0!-&!'(0*'(&>!-&!80'*#F-#?;&!\!-&!(**#N&'()*!8(0*0*!&:8#*#%;&!$0-&8(N&>!70$#!0N#-:'(#*&*!0*!7&$&-0-#!\!50!$08$#&-(%0*8&*J!O5;>!-&!(**#N&'()*!0*!0-!50'8#$!7$#2:'F8(N#!*#!50!20$(N&!050*'(&-%0*80!20!-&!&'8:&'()*!20!-#5!P0*8$#5!20![*FN058(?&'()*>!7:05!5#*! 8&*!#!%15! (%7#$8&*805! -#5!7$#'05#5!b&5&2#5!0*!0-!&7$0*2(3&e0!&5#'(&2#!&!-&!(*80$&''()*>!*0?#'(&'()*!\!&2#7'()*!20! 80'*#-#?;&5!20!7$#2:'8#!\!7$#'05#!0*!0-!1%b(8#!7$#2:'8(N#>!#$F?&*(3&'(#*&-!\!'#%0$'(&-J!=#$!-#!8&*8#>!-&5!&'8(N(2&205!20!Y[q4Zq(!20Fb0*! &$8(':-&$50! 20! %&*0$&! 058$:'8:$&2&! 7&$&! ?0*0$&$! :*! ';$':-#!N($8:#5#>! N&-#$(3&*2#! -&5! &7#$8&'(#*05! 20-! 205&$$#--#! 0'#*)%('#! \!5#'(&-J!


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Segundo punto crítico.!X5!*0'05&$(#!2(a0$0*'(&$!0!(20*8(a('&$!-&5!'#%7080*'(&5!050*'(&-05!0*!-#5!2(N0$5#5!&'8#$05!20-!5(580%&>!&!a(*!20!20a(*($!2#5!?$&*205!?$:7#5+!Y(Z!&'8#$05!#$(0*8&2#5!&!-&!'$0&F'()*!20!'#*#'(%(0*8#5!0*!-&!a$#*80$&!20!-&!'(0*'(&>!058#!05>!0570'(&F-(3&2#5! 0*! 205&$$#--&$! -&! j*:b0! 20! '#*#'(%(0*8#5k! \>! Y((Z! &'8#$05!a#'&-(3&2#5!0*!-&!?058()*!20!-&!(**#N&'()*>!05!20'($>!0*!-&!(20*8(a('&F'()*!20!'#*#'(%(0*8#5!h8(-05!20!&7-('&'()*!7$1'8('&>!#! -#!d:0!05! -#!%(5%#>!&'8#$05!0570'(&-(3&2#5!0*!7$#N#'&$!-&!j--:N(&!80'*#-)?('&k!&!7&$8($!20!-&!j*:b0!20!'#*#'(%(0*8#kJ!=#$!0--#>!:*&!20!-&5!'#%7080*F'(&5!050*'(&-05!20!-#5!2(N0$5#5!&'8#$05!20-!5(580%&!05!j-&!'&7&'(2&2!20!$0-&'(#*&$50!'#*!#8$#5!&?0*805k>!\&!50&*!j7&$05k!20!#8$&5!#$?&F*(3&'(#*05! 20! (*N058(?&'()*>! #! :5:&$(#5! \! b0*0a('(&$(#5! 2($0'8#5! 0!(*2($0'8#5J!

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REFLEXIÓN FINAL

259

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!!

!

!

ANEXOS

O*0V#!BJ! =$#7:058&!20!7-&*(a('&'()*!20!:*&!?($&!20!(*80$'&%b(#!20!0V70$(0*'(&5!#!2;&!20%#58$&8(N#! @GI

O*0V#!@J! P#*N#'&8#$(&!8(7#!7&$&!:*!7$#'05#!20!50-0''()*!20!7$#a05(#*(58&5!&!7&$8('(7&$!0*!:*!TXK! @GS

O*0V#!IJ! Xe0%7-#!20!%(*:8&!7&$&!&50*8&$!-#5!$05:-8&2#5!20-!7$#'05#!20!50-0''()*! @DA

O*0V#!HJ! ,:;&!7&$&!-&!N&-#$&'()*!':$$(':-&$! @DI

O*0V#!SJ! ,:;&!7&$&!-&!N&-#$&'()*!20!-&!0*8$0N(58&! @DH

O*0V#!GJ! =$:0b&!20!70$a(-!20!70*5&%(0*8#!20!�#-b! @DG

O*0V#!DJ! =$:0b&!20!058(-#!20!-(20$&3?#!?$1a('#! @DD

O*0V#!EJ! "#$%&8#!7&$&!N&-#$&'()*!20!0N&-:&2#$05! @EB

ANEXOS

263

!

!

Anexo 1. Propuesta de planificación de una gira de intercambio de experiencias o día demostrativo

Propuesta de planificación del evento1!No. Actividad Situación ObservacionesCompleto Parcial AtenderB! X-!#be08(N#!20!-&!,($&!:!0N0*8#!50!0*':0*8$&!20a(*(2# B AJS A@! K02&'8&$!0-!=-&*!20!"#$%&'()* B AJS AI! X-&b#$&$!=$#?$&%&!20!&'8(N(2&205!'#*!Q#$&$(# B AJS AH! X-&b#$&$!7$05:7:058#!20-!0N0*8# B AJS AS! P#*50?:($!N0Q;':-#5!7&$&!8$&*57#$8&$!&!-#5!7&$8('(7&*805 B AJS AG! <0-0''(#*&$!80%&5!&!0V7#*0$+

! 40a(*($!:*!$057#*5&b-0!7#$!'&2&!80%&>!d:(0*!50$1!0-!0*'&$?&2#!20!'#*50?:($!8#2#5!-#5!%&80$(&-05!*0'05&$(#5J!

B AJS A

! 4(57#*0$!20!7(3&$$)*>!$#8&a#-(#5>!%&$'&2#$05>!7-:%#*05>!-#*&5>!8$;78('#5>!08'J!

B AJS A

! X-0?($!&!:*!$057#*5&b-0!20!-&!$0-&8#$;&@ B AJS AD! <0-0''(#*&$!7&$'0-&5!#!-:?&$05!2#*20!50!205&$$#--&$&*!-#5!%)2:-#5!20%#58$&8(N#5!! B AJS AE! .(5(8&$!7$0N(&%0*80!-&5!7&$'0-&5!50-0''(#*&2&5!7&$&!N0$(a('&$!-&5!'#*2('(#*05!

Y(**#N&'(#*05!&!20%#58$&$>!058&2#!20!1*(%#!20-!7$#2:'8#$!'##70$&*80J!B AJS A

wwwwwwwwwwwwwwww!B!O2&78&2#!20-!2#':%0*8#!7$07&$&2#!7#$!-#5![*?J!4&*(0-!4#%;*?:03!\!Ob0-&$2#!P(5*0$#5>!20!-&!O,[!P&'&#!<#'#*:5'#J!Ob$(->!@AACJ!@!W&%b(U*!50$1!0-!0*'&$?&2#!20!$0?(58$&$!&!-#5!7&$8('(7&*805!%02(&*80!-(58&5!20!&5(580*'(&>!&*#8&$1!-#5!7:*8#5!(%7#$8&*805!\!-&5!7&$8(F'(7&'(#*05!20!-#5!&5(580*805>!8&%b(U*!20b0!8#%&$!a#8#?$&a;&5!7&$&!7$050*8&$!0N(20*'(&5!0*!0-!(*a#$%0!a(*&-!Y7$#2:'8#Z!


!

!

No. Actividad Situación ObservacionesCompleto Parcial AtenderC! [*N(8&$!&!7$#2:'8#$05!20!2(a0$0*805!-#'&-(2&205!7&$&!7$#%#N0$!0-!(*80$'&%b(#!20!

0V70$(0*'(&5!0*!-&!$0?()*J!B AJS A

BA! [*N(8&$!70$5#*&-%0*80!&!:*#!#!%15!7$#2:'8#$05!2(a:5#$05>!058$:'8:$&2#$05>!$0a0$(2#5>!d:0!2(a:*2&*!

B AJS A

BB! [*N(8&$!&!-#5!?$&*205!&'8#$05!7&$&!(*N#-:'$&$-#5!0*!-&!058$&80?(&!20!?058()*!20!-&!(**#N&'()*!

B AJS A

B@! K0'#$2&$!&-!0d:(7#!O,[>!d:0!0-!2;&!20!-&!j,($&k>!8#2#5!20b0%#5!--0?&$!80%7$&*#J B AJS ABI! [*a#$%&$!d:0!0-!2;&!20!-&!j,($&k>!8#2#!0-!0d:(7#!O,[!20b0!20!Q&'0$!j5(*0$?(&k>!20b0%#5!

'#*8$(b:($!0*!0-!205&$$#--#!20-!0N0*8#!\!#-N(2&$*#5!20!-&5!2(a0$0*'(&5!d:0!7:2(0$&*!0V(58($!

B AJS A

BH! P#*5(20$&$!$0a$(?0$(#5!(*80$%02(#5!$17(2#5>!7&$&!7$#7#$'(#*&$!&!-#5!7&$8('(7&*805|!\!&-!a(*&-!20!-&!,($&>!#a$0'0$-05!:*&!'#%(2&!Y50*'(--&Z!

B AJS A

BS! [*N(8&$!#!20!7$0a0$0*'(&!7&?&$!&!:*!%02(#!20!'#%:*('&'()*!7&$&!Q&'0$-0!2(a:5()*!&-!0N0*8#!#$?&*(3&2#!7#$!-&!O,[>!'#*!0-!#be08(N#!20!d:0!-&!5#'(02&2!Y\!-#5!8#%&2#$05!20!20'(5(#*05Z!50!20*!':0*8&!d:0!50!0581!8$&b&e&*2#!

B AJS A

BG! 40e&$!0N(20*'(&5!&*80!-#5!?$&*205!&'8#$05!20!d:0!-&!j$02k!50!0581!0V80*2(0*2#!\!5#b$0!8#2#!&?$&20'0$!0-!&7#\#!&!-#5!7&8$#'(*&2#$05!

B AJS A

x!O-! a(*&-! 20-! 0N0*8#>! *#! #-N(2&$50! 20! ?0*0$&$! '#%7$#%(5#5! '#*! -#5! 7$#2:'8#$05! 7&$8('(7&*805+! “Que cada participante invite a tres o cuatro productores que no asistieron a la gira, para que difundan y realicen las innovaciones en sus UPR”>! 20! 058&! %&*0$&!0V80*20$1*!-&!$02!\!a&N#$0'0$1*!0-!205&$$#--#!20-!7$#'05#!%08#2#-)?('#!20!-&5!O,[J!O-!5(?:(0*80!2;&!20-!0N0*8#!50!20b0!0N&-:&$!0-!2050%706#!20-!0d:(7#!O,[>!%02(&*80!:*&!%&8$(3!XK[P!Y0-(%(*&$>!$02:'($>!(*'$0%0*8&$>!'$0&$Z!'#*!0-!7$#7)5(8#!20!$05'&8&$!-#!b:0*#!\!0-(%(*&$!-#!%&-#>!058#!70$%(8($1!%0e#$&$!-&5!(*80$N0*'(#*05!&!a:8:$#J!

ANEXOS

265

!

!

Anexo 2. Convocatoria tipo para un proceso de selección de profesionistas a participar en un MER

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CONVOCATORIA

9&!<0'$08&$;&!20!wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww!YwwwwwwwwwwwwwZ>!\! -&!40-0?&'()*!20!-&!<0F'$08&$;&!20!O?$(':-8:$&>!,&*&20$;&>!405&$$#--#!K:$&->!=05'&!\!O-(%0*8&'()*!Y<O,OK=OZ!0*!0-!058&2#!20!wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwJ!

C O N V O C A N

O!X%7$05&5! 20! <0$N('(#5!=$#a05(#*&-05! \!7$058&2#$05!20! 50$N('(#5!7$#a0F5(#*&-05! 0*! 0-! 50'8#$! &!7&$8('(7&$! 0*! 0-!7$#'05#!20! 50-0''()*!20!Agencias para la Gestión de la Innovación (AGI)! 7&$&! 7$058&$! 50$N('(#5! 20*8$#! 20-!Componente de Capacitación y Asistencia Técnica 20-!=$#?$&%&!20!<#7#$80!@AAE!20!-&!<O,OK=O!0*!-&5!'&20*&5!&?$#&-(%0*8&$(&5!wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwJ!

9#5! 50$N('(#5! 20!Capacitación y Asistencia Técnica 50! '#*'0*8$&$1*! 0*! 0-!':%7-(%(0*8#!20!50(5!&570'8#5!b15('#5+!BZ!X58&b-0'(%(0*8#!20!(*2('&2#$05!20!-;*0&!b&50>!@Z!4(506#!20!058$&80?(&!20!(*80$N0*'()*>!IZ!X58&b-0'(%(0*8#!20!b(81'#$&5!\!$0?(58$#5!8U'*('#5!\!&2%(*(58$&8(N#5>!HZ!4(506#!\!#70$&'()*!20! :*! 5(580%&!20! '&7&'(8&'()*! \! &505#$;&! 0570'(&-(3&2&! \! 20! &$8(':-&'()*!0*8$0! -#5! &'8#$05! 20! -&! '&20*&>! SZ! O'8(N(2&205! 0*! -&5! 1$0&5! 20! wwwwwwww>!wwwwwwwwwwwww>!wwwwwwwwwww!\!wwwwwwwww!\!GZ!=&$8('(7&'()*!0*! -&!0N&-:&'()*!20! -&!058$&80?(&J!

P&2&!:*&!20!058#5!&570'8#5!50!&'#%7&6&!20!:*!7$#'05#!20!a#$%&'()*!\!5:!':%7-(%(0*8#!50$1!0N&-:&2#!0*!8U$%(*#5!20!0a0'8#5!0*!-&!'&20*&J!X-!7$#F'05#! 50! 205&$$#--&$1! b&e#! :*!%#20-#! 20!,058()*! 7#$!K05:-8&2#5>! *#! 5)-#!7#$!0-!':%7-(%(0*8#!0*!-&!$0&-(3&'()*!20!&'8(N(2&205J!


!

!

B A S E S

I. Perfil de participación

9#5!7$058&2#$05!20!50$N('(#5!7$#a05(#*&-05! Y=<=Z!d:0!50!'#*8$&80*!2($0'F8&%0*80!7#$! -#5!b0*0a('(&$(#5>!#!7#$!':0*8&!\!#$20*!&!8$&NU5!20-!0e0':8#$!20-!?&58#>!0*!0-!%&$'#!20-!'#%7#*0*80!20!P&7&'(8&'()*!\!O5(580*'(&!WU'*(F'&! 20-! =$#?$&%&! 20! <#7#$80! 20! -&! <O,OK=O>! 20b0*! ':%7-($! '#*! -#5! 5(F?:(0*805!-(*0&%(0*8#5+!BJ! <0$! 70$5#*&5! a;5('&5! #!%#$&-05! '#*! 0V70$(0*'(&! 7$#a05(#*&-! '#%7$#F

b&b-0!0*!-&!'&20*&>!&'8(N(2&205>!0570'(05!#!50$N('(#5!7$#a05(#*&-05!5(F%(-&$05!#!(2U*8('#5!&!-#5!d:0!50!7$080*20!'#*':$5&$!

@J! P#*8&$! '#*! a#$%&'()*! 7$#a05(#*&-! \]#! 058:2(#5! 20! 0570'(&-(3&'()*!&'#$20!&!-&!'&20*&>!&'8(N(2&205>!0570'(05!#!50$N('(#5!7$#a05(#*&-05!5(F%(-&$05!#!(2U*8('#5!&!-#5!d:0!50!7$080*20!'#*':$5&$J!9#!&*80$(#$!&7-('&!8&*8#!&!70$5#*&5!a;5('&5!'#%#!&-!$057#*5&b-0!#!$057#*5&b-05!205(?*&F2#5! 7#$! :*&! 70$5#*&! %#$&-J! =&$&! '&$$0$&5! *#! &a(*05>! &-! %0*#5! 2#5!&6#5! 20! 0V70$(0*'(&! '#%7$#b&b-0! 20! 8$&b&e#! 0*! -&! '&20*&>! &'8(N(2&F205>!0570'(05!#!50$N('(#5J!

IJ! <0$!7$#7:058#!7#$!0-!b0*0a('(&$(#!20!&7#\#!HJ! 4#%(*(#!20!%08#2#-#?;&5!20!7-&*0&'()*!7&$8('(7&8(N&!\! a#$%:-&'()*>!

0e0':'()*! \! 0N&-:&'()*!20!7$#\0'8#5! &! 05'&-&5! -#'&-! \! $0?(#*&->! 0*! 0-!50'8#$!$:$&-J!

SJ! P#*#'(%(0*8#5!20!-&!$0?()*J!P#*!&-!%0*#5!:*!&6#!20!0V70$(0*'(&!0*!-&!$0?()*!20!(*80$U5J!

GJ! =$050*8&'()*!20!0N(20*'(&5!20!8$&b&e#!7$#a05(#*&-!0*!-&!'&20*&!&!'#*F':$5&$J!

DJ! =$0a0$0*80%0*80! (*80?$&2#5!0*!0d:(7#!20!&-!%0*#5! 8$05!7$#a05(#*&F-05>!:*#!20!-#5!':&-05!a:*?($1!'#%#!'##$2(*&2#$!?0*0$&-!20-!50$N('(#J!

EJ! 9&5!7$#7:058&5!7#2$1*!058&$!(*80?$&2&5!7#$!7$058&2#$05!20!50$N('(#5!(*2(N(2:&-05! \]#! 0%7$05&5! 20! 50$N('(#5! 7$#a05(#*&-05! -0?&-%0*80!'#*58(8:(2&5J!

ANEXOS

267

!

!

CJ! W0*0$! 5#-N0*'(&!%#$&-! $0'#*#'(2&! 7#$! (*58(8:'(#*05>! #$?&*(3&'(#*05>!%:*('(7(#5!#!7$#2:'8#$05J!40b0$1*!7$050*8&$!'&$8&!20!$0'#*#'(%(0*F8#!7$#a05(#*&-!20!&-!%0*#5!2#5!0*8(2&205!$0-&'(#*&2&5!'#*!-&!'&20*&!\!0*!-&!$0?()*!&!'#*':$5&$J!

BAJ! =$0a0$0*80%0*80!'#*8&$!'#*!(*58&-&'(#*05!:b('&2&5!0*!-&!$0?()*!20!(*F80$U5>!'#*!-&!(*a$&058$:'8:$&!\!0d:(7#!*0'05&$(&5!7&$&!0-!205&$$#--#!20!-#5!50$N('(#5J!

BBJ! =$050*8&$!a('Q&!20!(20*8(a('&'()*!20!'&*2(2&8#5!Y"#$%&8#!-(b$0!'#*!2&F8#5!?0*0$&-05Z>!20b(2&%0*80!$0d:(5(8&2#J!

B@J! T&*0e#! b15('#! 20! 5#a8^&$0+! T('$#5#a8! _aa('0! YXV'0->!n#$2! \! =#^0$F=#(*8!\!20!'#$$0#!0-0'8$)*('#ZJ!

BIJ! =$#7:058&!20!205&$$#--#!Y*#!%&\#$!&!2#5!':&$8(--&5!0*!-08$&!O$(&-!B@!#!5(%(-&$Z!7&$&! -&! '&20*&!&?$#&-(%0*8&$(&!20! (*80$U5>! d:0! '#*5(20$0!&-!%0*#5!-#5!5(?:(0*805!0e05+!Xe0!B+!wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww!Xe0!@+!wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww!Xe0!I+!wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww!

II. Restricciones

X-!=<=!*#!7#2$1!50$!5#'(#!#!(*80?$&*80!20!-&!#$?&*(3&'()*!b0*0a('(&$(&>!7&F$(0*80!0*!7$(%0$!?$&2#!20!&-?:*#!20!-#5!5#'(#5!#!(*80?$&*805>!*(!0%7-0&2#!20!-&!%(5%&J!9#!&*80$(#$!&7-('&!8&*8#!7&$&!70$5#*&5!a;5('&5!'#%#!&!-#5!(*F80?$&*805!20!70$5#*&5!%#$&-05J!

9#5!7$#a05(#*&-05!7$#7:058#5!*#!7#2$1*!058&$! j'#*2('(#*&2#5k!#!50$! j*#!&'078&b-05k!0*!-&!-(58&!20!0N&-:&'()*!20!2050%706#!20!-#5!P0*8$#5!20!XN&F-:&'()*!X570'(&-(3&2#5!7:b-('&2#!7#$!-&!<O,OK=OJ!

X*!-#!?0*0$&->!-#5!=<=!20b0$1*!#b50$N&$!':%7-(%(0*8#!&!-#!2(57:058#!0*!-&!P($':-&$!AAB]@AAE!jK0d:(5(8#5!20!X-0?(b(-(2&2!20! -#5!7$058&2#$05!20!50$FN('(#5! 7$#a05(#*&-05! d:0! 7&$8('(7&*! 0*! 0-! '#%7#*0*80! 20! P&7&'(8&'()*! \!O5(580*'(&! WU'*('&! 20-! =$#?$&%&! <#7#$80! 20! -&! <O,OK=O!Y^^^J5&?&$7&J?#bJ%V]&'$02(8&'(#*J757]'($':-&$AAB@AAEJ72aZJ!


!

!

III. Integración de propuestas

9&!7$058&'()*!20!-#5!50$N('(#5!'#*N#'&2#5!50!'#*80%7-&!7#$!www!%0505>!'#*!(*('(#!0*!wwwww!20!@AwwwJ!X-!%#*8#!7#$!O?0*'(&!7&$&!&80*20$!&!'&2&!:*&!20!-&5!'&20*&5!&?$#&-(%0*8&$(&5!7$#7:058&5!50$1!20a(*(2#!7#$!0-!,$:7#!_70F$&8(N#!O,[!20-!058&2#!20!wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwJ!

La propuesta deberá integrarse:

BJ!=&$&!0%7$05&5!\&!'#*58(8:(2&5+!&Z! <#-('(8:2!a#$%&-!20!7&$8('(7&'()*!0*!0-!7$#'05#!20!50-0''()*J!bZ! "('Q&! 20! (20*8(a('&'()*! 20! '&*2(2&8#5! Ya#$%&8#! -(b$0! '#*! 2&8#5!

?0*0$&-05ZJ![%7$05&!\!0*!0-0'8$)*('#J!'Z! "('Q&! Y$05:%0*! 0*! a#$%&8#! -(b$0Z! ':$$(':-&$! 20! -#5! (*80?$&*805!

20-!0d:(7#!8U'*('#!b&50!Y8$05!7$#a05(#*&-05!&-!%0*#5ZJ!2Z! P&$8&5!20!$0'#%0*2&'()*!20!#$?&*(3&'(#*05!20!7$#2:'8#$05>!(*5F

8(8:'(#*05>!'#*50e#5>!7$05(20*'(&5!%:*('(7&-05>!b&*'&$(&5>!08'J!Y&-!%0*#5!2#5!%#$&-05ZJ!

0Z! =$#7:058&!20!205&$$#--#!20!-&!'&20*&!&?$#&-(%0*8&$(&!Y(%7$05&!\!0*!0-0'8$)*('#ZJ!

aZ! 9#5!20%15!506&-&2#5!0*!-&!P($':-&$!AAB]@AAE!jK0d:(5(8#5!20!X-0F?(b(-(2&2!20!-#5!7$058&2#$05!20!50$N('(#5!7$#a05(#*&-05!d:0!7&$8(F'(7&*!0*!0-!'#%7#*0*80!20!P&7&'(8&'()*!\!O5(580*'(&!WU'*('&!20-!=$#?$&%&!<#7#$80!20!-&!<O,OK=O>! !Y^^^J5&?&$7&J?#bJ%V]&'$02(8&'(#*J757]'($':-&$AAB@AAEJ72aZJ!

@J!=&$&!7$058&2#$05!20!50$N('(#5!7$#a05(#*&-05+!&Z! <#-('(8:2!a#$%&-!20!7&$8('(7&'()*!0*!0-!7$#'05#!20!50-0''()*J!bZ! P&$8&5!20!$0'#%0*2&'()*!20!#$?&*(3&'(#*05!20!7$#2:'8#$05>!(*5F

8(8:'(#*05>!'#*50e#5>!7$05(20*'(&5!%:*('(7&-05>!b&*'&$(&5>!08'J!Y&-!%0*#5!2#5!70$5#*&5!%#$&-05ZJ!

'Z! =$#7:058&!20!205&$$#--#!20!-&!'&20*&!&?$#&-(%0*8&$(&!Y(%7$05&!\!0*!0-0'8$)*('#ZJ!

ANEXOS

269

!

!

2Z! 9#5!20%15!506&-&2#5!0*!-&!P($':-&$!AAB]@AAE!jK0d:(5(8#5!20!X-0F?(b(-(2&2!20!-#5!7$058&2#$05!20!50$N('(#5!7$#a05(#*&-05!d:0!7&$8(F'(7&*!0*!0-!'#%7#*0*80!20!P&7&'(8&'()*!\!O5(580*'(&!WU'*('&!20-!=$#?$&%&!<#7#$80!20!-&!<O,OK=O>! !Y^^^J5&?&$7&J?#bJ%V]&'$02(8&'(#*J757]'($':-&$AAB@AAEJ72aZJ!

9#5!$05:-8&2#5!20!-&!7$050*80!'#*N#'&8#$(&>!506&-&*2#!-#5!7$058&2#$05!20!50$N('(#5! 50-0''(#*&2#5>! 50$1! 2&2&! &! '#*#'0$! 0*! -&! 71?(*&! 0-0'8$)*('&! 20!-&5!(*58(8:'(#*05!'#*N#'&*805!0-!wwwww!20!wwww!20!@AwwwJ!X-!2('8&%0*!\!#8$#5!&570'8#5!*#!'#*5(20$&2#5!0*!-&!7$050*80!'#*N#'&8#$(&!50$1*!20a(*(2#5!7#$!0-!,$:7#!_70$&8(N#!O,[!20-!058&2#!20!wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwJ!

IV. Entrega de propuestas

9&5! 7$#7:058&5! 20b(2&%0*80! (*80?$&2&5! 50$1*! $0'(b(2&5! &! 7&$8($! 20! 058&!a0'Q&! \! Q&58&! 0-! 2;&! www! 20! wwww! 20-! @AAww! 0*! -&5! (*58&-&'(#*05! 20!wwwwwwwwwwwww\! <O,OK=O! '#*! :b('&'()*! 0*+! wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww! \!wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww>! $0570'8(N&%0*80>! 0*! -&! '(:2&2! 20! wwwwwwwwwwwwwww>!wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwJ!

9#5!&57($&*805!20b0$1*!&5(58($!&-!0V&%0*!20!0N&-:&'()*!8U'*('&!0-! wwww!20!www!20!@AAww!\!&-!7$#'05#!20!0*8$0N(58&!20-!wwww!&-!wwww!20!wwww!20-!@Awww>!0*!0-!-:?&$!\!Q#$&$(#!d:0!50!&5(?*0J!

V. Información

=&$&! %&\#$! (*a#$%&'()*! $0570'8#! 20! 058&! '#*N#'&8#$(&! -#5! (*80$05&2#5!7#2$1*!2($(?($50!'#*!! !wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwJ

!OWX`WOTX`WX!

!!

<0'$08&$(#!20!405&$$#--#!K:$&-20-!,#b(0$*#!20-!X58&2#!

40-0?&2#!X58&8&-!20!-&!<O,OK=O!

!


!

!

Anexo 3. Ejemplo de minuta para asentar los resultados del proceso de selección

MINUTA DEL PROCESO DE SELECCIÓN DE AGENCIAS DE GESTIÓN DE LA INNOVACIÓN DEL PROSSURESTE EN TABASCO

<(0*2#!-&5!C+AA!20-!2;&!AG!20!%&\#!20!@AAC!0*!-&5!#a('(*&5!20!-&!<O,OK=O!0*!.(--&Q0$%#5&>!W&b&5'#>!2&!(*('(#!0-!7$#'05#!20!50-0''()*!20!-&5!O?0*'(&5!7&$&!-#5!<(580%&!=$#2:'8#!/:-0>!=&-%&!20!O'0(80>!P;8$('#5!Y-(%)*!70$5&Z!\!P&'&#>!'#*! -&!$0N(5()*!20! -#5!5(080!0V702(0*805!20!4057&'Q#5! (*80$05&2#5!0*!7&$8('(7&$J!9&!Comisión de Selección!20!&57($&*805!50!(*80?$)!7#$!0-![*?J!g#5U! 4&*(0-! "-#$05! /0$*1*203! Y<:b20-0?&2#! 20! =-&*0&'()*! \! 405&$$#--#!K:$&->!SAGARPA TabascoZ>! [*?J!T(?:0-!/0$*1*203!/0$*1*203! YX*'&$?&2#!20-!4057&'Q#!20!-&!<:b20-0?&'()*!O?$#70':&$(&!<O,OK=O!W&b&5'#Z!0![*?J!i*?0-!g#&d:;*!T#5'#5#!PQ&*!Yg0a0!20-!=$#?$&%&!20!=-&*0&'()*>!<O,OK=O!W&b&5'#Z|![*?J!.;'8#$!g05h5!o0702&!,)%03!Y,0$0*80!X58&8&-!20-!"[KP_Z>![*?J!g#5U! T&*:0-! .&-0*3:0-&! K#2$;?:03! YP##$2(*&2#$! 20! T('$#! ':0*'&5>! 20-!"[KP_Z>![*?J!XN0$!g(%U*03!/0$*1*203!YWU'*('#!20-!=K_<<MKX<WX>!"[KP_Z|!TJPJ!O-0e&*2$#!=$#'#7(#!9)703>!TJPJ!T(?:0-!/0$*1*203>!TJPJ!T&$(#!K#2$;F?:03! P:0N&5! Y[*N058(?&2#$05! 20-! [`["O=>! 0*'&$?&2#5! 20! 2(506&$! -&5! 0N&F-:&'(#*05! 8U'*('&5! 20-! 7$#'05#! 20! 50-0''()*! O,[! W&b&5'#Z|! 4$J! g#$?0!O?:(-&$!\!4$J!K#b0$8#!K0*2)*>!20! -&!M*(2&2!WU'*('&!X570'(&-(3&2&!0*! [*F*#N&'()*>!20!-&!M*(N0$5(2&2!O:8)*#%&!PQ&7(*?#!\!0-![*?J!g&(%0!"$&*'(5'#!,&$';&!K#2$;?:03>!0*-&'0!20!-&!MWXF[**#N&'()*!7&$&!0-!=K_<<MKX<WXJ!

<0!0V7-(')!&! -&!P#%(5()*!20!<0-0''()*!0-!7$#'02(%(0*8#!20!0N&-:&'()*!20!'&2&! &57($&*80J! X580! 7$#'02(%(0*8#! '#*5(580! 0*! -&! 0N&-:&'()*! ':$$(':-&$!YXV70$(0*'(&>! a#$%&'()*! \! &'8:&-(3&'()*Z>! 0N&-:&'()*! 8U'*('&>! 0N&-:&'()*!20! 70$a(-05>! \! 0*8$0N(58&! 70$5#*&-J! 9&! P#%(5()*! 0581! 7$050*80! \! 7&$8('(7&!2:$&*80!8#2#!0-!7$#'05#!20!0N&-:&'()*!\!'&2&!(*80?$&*80!&7#$8&!5:5!&$?:F%0*8#5!7&$&!-&!N&-#$&'()*!20!'&2&!'&*2(2&8#!0*!'&2&!:*#!20!-#5!&570'8#5J!

=$0N(&%0*80! -#5!0V702(0*805! a:0$#*!$0N(5&2#5!0*!5:!(*80?$&'()*!\!'#$$05F7#*20*'(&!&!-&!'#*N#'&8#$(&!0%(8(2&!7#$!70$5#*&-!20!-&!<O,OK=O!\!20!-&!,0F$0*'(&! 20-! "(20('#%(5#! 20! K(05?#! P#%7&$8(2#! Y"[KP_Z! 20-! 058&2#! 20!

ANEXOS

271

!

!

W&b&5'#J!9#!&*80$(#$!'#*!0-!7$#7)5(8#!20!'#*8&$!'#*!0V702(0*805!'#%7-0F8#5!7&$&!(*('(&$!0-!7$#'05#!20!0N&-:&'()*J!

<0! (*5'$(b0*! &-! 7$#'05#!20! 50-0''()*! 5(080!2057&'Q#5>! '#*!:*! 8#8&-! 20!@D!&57($&*805+!b&e#!0-!5(?:(0*80!208&--0+!

! =&-%&!20!&'0(80+!2#5!70$5#*&5!%#$&-05>!'#*!':&8$#!(*80?$&*805!'&F2&!:*#J!

! P&'&#>!2#5!70$5#*&5!%#$&-05!'#*!':&8$#!(*80?$&*805!'&2&!:*#J!! P;8$('#5>!2#5!70$5#*&5!%#$&-05>!:*#!'#*!2#5!(*80?$&*805!\!#8$#!'#*!

':&8$#!(*80?$&*805J!! /:-0>!:*&!70$5#*&!%#$&-!'#*!'(*'#!(*80?$&*805J!

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ANEXOS

273

!

!

Anexo 4. Guía para la valoración curricular

!

PROCESO DE SELECCIÓN DE CANDIDATOS A CONFORMAR AGENCIAS DE GESTIÓN DE LA INNOVACIÓN

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No. Rubro a evaluar Observaciones Calificación B! W(0*0!8;8:-#!&!*(N0-!-('0*'(&8:$& YS!785JZ|!0*!7$#'05#!

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!

!

Anexo 5. Guía para la valoración de la entrevista !

!

GUÍA DE ENTREVISTA

PROCESO DE SELECCIÓN DE PRESTADORES DE SERVICIOS PROFESIONALES QUE CONFORMARÁN LAS AGENCIAS

PARA LA GESTIÓN DE LA INNOVACIÓN

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ANEXOS

275

!

!

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!

!

Anexo 6. Prueba de perfil de pensamiento de Kolb O5(?*0!:*&! e0$&$d:;&!&!'&2&!:*#!20! -#5!'#*e:*8#5!Q#$(3#*8&-05!20!0V7$05(#F*05J!=$(%0$#!'#%7&$&!O>!m>!\!P!20!-&!5(?:(0*80!%&*0$&+!X-(e&!-&!0V7$05()*!d:0!'&$&'80$(3&!%0e#$!5:!a#$%&!&'8:&-!20!&7$0*2(3&e0!\!'&-(a;d:0-&!'#*!0-!*h%0$#!@J!4057:U5!7#*?&!:*!A!Y'0$#Z!&!-&!0V7$05()*!#!7&-&b$&!d:0!-0!05!%0*#5!8;7('&!\!&5(?*0!:*!B!&-!7:*8#!#!-&!0V7$05()*!(*80$%02(&!7&$&!:5802J!4057:U5!$07(8&!-&!#70$&'()*!20!&5(?*&$!@>!A!\!B!7&$&!0-!5(?:(0*80!?$:7#!4>!X>!\!">!\!'#*8(*h0!Q&58&!0-!V>!\>!3J!=#$!'&2&!-;*0&!5)-#!7:020!0V(58($!:*!*h%0$#!@>!:*!B!\!:*!AJ

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ANEXOS

277

!

!

Anexo 7. Prueba de estilo de liderazgo gráfico

CUESTIONARIO PARA EL ANÁLISIS DEL ESTILO DE LIDERAZGO

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!

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ANEXOS

279

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!

INSTRUCCIONES PARA EVALUAR EL CUESTIONARIO

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DIAGRAMA DEL ESTILO DEL LIDERAZGO Instrucciones para determinar su estilo de liderazgo:

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ANEXOS

281

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!

Anexo 8. Formato para valoración de evaluadores

1. Evidencia curricular

Criterio Cumplimiento Evidencia

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2. Entrevista


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! ! ! !

3. Aceptación


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