EXPORT

TALES

A SIMPLIFIED EXPLANATION AND ANALYSIS

ON THE EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS

COMMODITIES IN NIGERIA.

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TOPICS

1. How to process export license, company license, open domiciliary accounts and non-oil export

accounts

2. Different shipment terms (FOB, CIF, CNF) and different payment options (LC, D/P, CAD, TT)

3. A to Z transaction dynamics. All the export process involved from sourcing, warehousing,

transporting, processing & packaging, insurance, freight forwarder, inspection agents, shipping

etc.

4. How to prepare offer letters to buyers for charcoal, tigernuts, dried ginger, sesame seeds, kosso

logs and some solid minerals

5. How to calculate int'l prices and purity of solid mineral commodities

6. How to prepare Contract / Sales Purchase Agreement (SPA)

7. Understanding letter of credits

8. How to draft proforma invoice, final invoice packing lists

9. How to fill nxp proceeds form, engaging customs & freight forwarders, shipping companies

10. How to process bill of ladings, phytosanitary certificate, fumigation certificate, certificate of

origin, export courier documents, draft/bill of exchange

11. How to find and verify buyers & contracts

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HOW TO PROCESS EXPORT LICENSE, COMPANY LICENSE,

OPEN DOMICILIARY ACCOUNTS AND NON-OIL EXPORT

ACCOUNTS

To start exporting Agro commodities or solid minerals in Nigeria you’ll need the following:-

Registered company in Nigeria?

Export license in your company name

Open a Domiciliary account and non-oil export account in a Nigerian bank

That is a copy of an export license. You will need to register your company with NEPC to enable you

export goods out of Nigeria

Next step is to open a company domiciliary account and non-oil export acc.

Preferred banks for domiciliary accounts and opening export account are first bank, UBA, Gtb, standard

chartered

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They seem to have good foreign desk operations. But it all depends on your acc. officer

You'll be opening two kinds of dollar accounts.

usd domiciliary account

usd non-oil export account

Depending on the banks, they'll request different requirements before opening the second acc.

You can Google ‘Nigeria export promotion council’ online and register your company yourself online or

visit their office in Apapa Lagos and in Abuja. It takes about 3 weeks to get your license and not not sure

of the costs right now as we've registered a while ago. But budget like 25k

It is the name on the export certificate that will be the name of the shipper of the goods, and it is the bank

acc. name of the shipper that the buyer will pay money into

To open a domiciliary acc. is free if you already have a current account. You just have to liaise with your

bank officer.

But to open a non-oil export acc will require you have an export license, $100 opening account and

depending on the bank provide a purchase order or sale contract that shows you are ready to export

You can also get an agent to process the export license for you- 0802 301 7189. But it's easy also to do it

yourself online

“Can the validity of the nepc certificate extend beyond 2 yrs.?

Not that I'm aware of. It's renewed every 2 yrs. it's a way of generating revenue for the council”

Yes you need to have a registered company with cert of incorporation and other CAC documents

Dom acc. must be opened in company name. All CAC docs, export license, dom acc. and non-oil export

acc. must be in the same company name

SHIPMENT AND PAYMENT TERMS

When you are quoting international prices you have to quote either in FOB, CIF, CFR or CNF, EXW or

Ex-works

FOB means free on board

CIF means cost insurance freight

CFR or CNF means cost and freight

EXW means ex works, ex-warehouse, ex-factory

When you quote fob, for example dry ginger $1,000/ton fob Lagos - it means you will sell the goods at

$1,000 / ton and put the goods on the ship. So it's called free on board. This means buyer will pay freight

$1000 / ton CFR or CNF - means you the seller will put the goods on the ship and also pay freight

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$1,000 / ton CIF - means you the seller will put the goods on the ship and pay freight & insurance

$1000 ex-works - means you just make the goods available at your warehouse and buyer will arrange to

come pick the goods

For International payment terms you'll need to state either CAD, DP, TT, LC etc. which will be your

preferred method of receiving payment from your buyer.

CAD - cash against documents - means you send shipping documents to the buyer directly or send the

documents to your bank to further send the documents to the buyer's bank instructing the buyer’s bank to

collect your money from the buyer.

Pro - it is easy and straight forward to execute without drafting much documentation

Con - buyer can collect shipping documents without making payment. Once buyer collects shipping

documents, buyer can clear the goods and keep the money without remitting to you.

DP - documents against payment - means you send shipping documents to the buyer's bank through your

bank accompanied with a bill of exchange letter instructing buyer’s bank not to release documents to

buyer unless buyer first pays you the money.

Pro - buyer cannot claim the goods until he pays the bank your money to release docs to him

Con - if buyer does not have money then he'll not be able to claim the goods and you too will be stranded

as the goods will be on the vessel or buyers seaport in another country and no body to clear or sell the

goods for you

TT - telegraphic transfer - usually used when receiving money in advance before you start producing or

ship goods.

Pro - this requires no documentation and buyer just sends you money in trust hoping you produce or ship

goods

Con - none

Another form of payment is LC or DLC. A letter of credit of documentary letter or credit - is simply

whereby the buyer's bank agrees to pay on behalf of the buyer. There are different forms of LC but the

most popular are:-

Confirmed LC - which means the buyers bank has blocked the money in the buyers account and

confirmed to the seller’s bank that the money is confirmed.

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Unconfirmed LC - means the bank has issued a letter to pay on behalf of the buyer but has not blocked

the money.

Irrevocable confirmed / unconfirmed LC - sometimes the buyer can cancel the agreement and decide not

to buy again. So the supplier insists that the LC must include an "irrevocable" clause.

Note: for better understanding of confirmed / unconfirmed LC, think of a ordinary cheque & a bank draft.

A confirmed LC is like a banker’s draft/cheque that the bank has removed the money from the drawer's

account and kept it aside until the drawee goes and presents the banker’s draft/cheque at his own bank.

Whereas a Normal LC is just like a normal cheque which although has the bank's name on the cheque , it

can still bounce because you can present it in the bank and if no money in the drawer's account at that

time, the drawee will not get paid

If one already has a named company registered, like my own as SA2 Consult which is business name but

not "Limited", can I use this for export business????

Unfortunately you cannot. You need to upgrade your business name to a limited liability company. This

shouldn't cost more than 50k or there about

A-Z EXPORT TRANSACTION DYNAMICS.

Now you need to know the transaction dynamics of the commodities you want to be exporting so you can

quickly draw up your projection costs and evaluate if it's profitable

Here is a standard projection costs for ginger but can work for most commodities

TRANSACTION DYNAMICS

MARKETS TO BUY GINGER

Kwoi, Maraba walijo, border, barde, kenyi, all in Kaduna state.

WAREHOUSES

One central warehouse located at Commodity market can act as transit point where goods will temporary

stored before transporting to Lagos.

BUYING AGENTS

Several buying agents should be appointed within the local market

SHIPPING LINES

Two shipping lines should be selected that can provide customized service support with priority shipment

dates for our goods. Shipping companies to be considered include; - Safmarine and MSC shipping.

FORWARDING AGENTS

A forwarding agents will be appointed to handle export logistics, customs and document processing. We

recommend Infinity Concepts Ltd. Tel - +234 803 727 3566, +234 809 823 0875

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INSPECTION AGENTS

Two inspection companies will be considered to carry out quality & quantity inspection of our products

before shipment. We currently use; - SGS Nigeria, and Eye View Inspection (0702 584 5080, +234 805

905 2590, +234 809 805 2980)

INSURANCE COMPANIES

An Insurance company will be shortlisted to provide insurance for our goods in transit, goods in

warehouse, insurance against burglary & Fire, goods on ship etc. We recommend Halal Takaful

(cornerstone insurance)

HAULAGE COMPANIES

Engaging the services of a haulage company with a large fleet of trucks will be advantageous although

more expensive. We currently hire trucks from public motor - parks referred to us by truck agents existing

in the parks.

PROJECTED COSTS PER TONNE

TRANSIT warehouse - N1, 000

Lagos warehouse - N2, 500

Dried ginger - N510, 000

Market / agent fees - N7, 500

Transport to transit w/h - N3, 750

Transport to Lagos - N15, 500

Cleaning & processing - N12, 500

Freight forwarder - N16, 000

Inspection agent - N3, 000

Freight fees (optional)

Insurance (GIT 0.5%)

(Marine 0.7% Clause A)

When you say buying agents, does it refer to people in Nigeria or overseas?

In Nigeria. Each local market whether in Jibiya, katsina state , hadejia, Jigawa state, ningi , bauchi state,

Doma, Nassarawa state, etc. all have their agents whose jobs is to source quality products and required

volume

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HOW TO PREPARE OFFER LETTERS FOR DIFFERENT

COMMODITIES

So now we can move on to preparing draft offer letters via email to send to potential buyers

Draft letters for most commodities have similar formats

Specifications, pricing terms, payment terms, shipping terms etc.

When you sending draft letters, you must have a good email signature showing as much contact details as

possible. Remember, the buyers don't know and the only connection they have with you is your email

signature which will lead them to other details like website, physical address etc.

A good email signature looks like this:-

Haran Resources Limited

Plot 1439 Sanusi Fafunwa Street,

Victoria Island, Lagos state

Nigeria

Telephone: +234 803 203 0452

Mobile: +234 812 881 7593

WhatsApp: +234 812 881 7593

E-mail: r.hassan@haranresources.com

Skype: haranresources

Website: www.haranresources.com

Below is an example of a charcoal offer letter;-

Dear Sir / Madam,

Our company, Haran Resources Limited, is engaged in the production and export of natural hard wood

charcoal. We are interested in establishing a long term relationship with your company supplying you

100% natural hardwood charcoal at unbeatable prices.

See below details and specifications:-

BBQ / GRILL CHARCOAL

Origin: Nigeria

Type: Natural

Grade: A

SPECIFICATIONS:-

Fixed carbon > 75%

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Volatile matters: 15.5%

Ash content < 5%

Moisture content < 8%

Heating level: Kcal/Kg 6800

Burning time: 980sec/cm3

Wood type: oak trees, rosewood trees, acacia, mahogany, iroko

No spark, no smoke, no smell, low ash, easy ignite, and longtime burning

Pricing Terms:

USD275.00 / ton, FOB Lagos port

Payment Terms:

100% LC at sight

OR

30% advance, 70% balance against scan BL copy

Packaging Options:

20kg - 30kg strong pp bags

Charcoal Sizes:

Length: 30mm-150mm

Diameter/Thickness: 30mm-100mm

Shape: irregular, lumpy

Min Shipment:

1x40ft HC container (21 mt)

Latest Shipping Time:

15 days after confirmation of L/C or advance payment

We are flexible and open to negotiations.

Best regards,

Rasheed Hassan

Haran Resources Limited

Plot 1439 Sanusi Fafunwa Street,

Victoria Island, Lagos state

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Nigeria

Telephone: +234 803 203 0452

Mobile: +234 812 881 7593

WhatsApp: +234 812 881 7593

E-mail: r.hassan@haranresources.com

Skype: haranresources

Web: www.haranresources.com

100% Sun Dried Raw Cashew Nuts in Shell

Crop: 2016

Origin: Nigeria

SPECIFICATIONS:-

Moisture: <8%

Admixture: <2%

Total Defective: <8%

Nut Count: < 200 nuts/ kg

Out turn: >48lbs per 80kg net bag

PRICING TERMS:-

USD1, 155/ton, FOB Nigeria

PAYMENT TERMS:-

100% confirmed LC at sight

PACKING TERMS:-

80kg net jute bag, 40" container (25tons)

LATEST SHIPMENT TIME:-

21 days after confirmation of LC

HIBISCUS FLOWER

SPECIFICATIONS:-

Moisture: 12% Max

Colour: Dark Red

Quantity: 1 x 40" FCL (12MT)

Packaging: 25kg PP Bags.

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KOSSO SQUARE LOGS

Origin: Nigeria

Wood Type: Kosso

SPECIFICATIONS:-

Shape: square

Color: yellow brownish

No hole, no curve, no rot, no cleft, little bark

Min Sizes:

>25cm by >25cm by >210cm

Pricing Terms:

US$9,500 per 20"FCL

Payment Terms:

50% advance, 50% balance payment against Documents

Shipping and Packaging options:

140 -160 logs per 20"FCL (>23MTS)

Latest Shipping Time:

18 days after confirmation of L/C

DRIED SPLIT GINGER ROOT

Origin: Nigeria

Type: Dried Split Ginger

Color: Natural

Grade: A

SPECIFICATIONS:-

Clean, No rot, No pest, Spicy flavor, Long Shelf life

Moisture < 9%

Oil content < 2%

Impurities <2%

Shipping and Packaging options:

40 kg bags in Full Container Loading

Payment Options:

1) 100% LC at sight

OR

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2) 30% advance T/T, 70% DP at sight

Latest Shipping Date:

15 days after confirmation of L/C or advance payment

RAW NATURAL SESAME SEEDS OF AFRICAN ORIGIN

Origin: Africa

Type: Seeds

Specification:

Admixture < 2%,

Oil content > 51%,

FFA < 1.5%,

Moisture < 6%

Free from water damage, free from infestation and live weevils, in sound merchantable quality, of natural

taste and smell, fit for human consumption

Pricing Terms:

US$990.00 per mt, FOB Lagos port, Nigeria

Payment Terms:

1) 100% non-transferable, irrevocable L/C at sight, confirmed

Or

2) 30% advance T/T, 70% DP at sight

Packaging options:

50 kg bags loaded in container 20" FCL (19 mt)

Latest Shipping Time:

15 days after confirmation of L/C or advance payment

We are flexible and open to negotiations.

SHEA NUT BUTTER (Organic)

Origin: Nigeria

Type: Butter

Form: Solid

Grade: A

Color: Cream yellow

Variety: Vitellaria paradoxa

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Odor: Nutty aroma

No chemicals, No Detergents

SPECIFICATIONS:-

FFA: <3%

Moisture: <1%

Iodine value: 62.1/100g

Saponification value: 179mg KHO/g

Melting point: 35-45C

Flash point: >250C

Solubility: insoluble in water

PRICING TERMS:-

USD2.50 / KG

PAYMENT TERMS:-

1) 100% confirmed L/C at sight, confirmed

Or

2) 30% advance, 50% CAD, 20% balance payment after inspection at destination port

PACKAGING OPTIONS:-

5-15kg plastic buckets

LATEST SHIPMENT TIME:-

25 days after confirmation of L/C or advance payment

TIGER NUTS - CHUFAS

Origin: Africa

Type: Nuts

Specification:

Color: Brown

Dry, unwashed, vented >97%

Pricing Terms:

Size >6mm; $720.00/ton

Payment Terms:

1) 100% L/C at sight

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Or

2) 50% advance TT, 50% balance before shipment

Packaging options:

50 kg bags loaded in container 20" FCL (18 mt)

Latest Shipping Time:

15 days after confirmation of L/C or advance payment

Mineral ores are dependent on purity content and unlike agro commodities that same commodity will

have same content (e.g. sesame seeds in Nigeria have oil content >50%), mineral ores have different

purity even from the same site. So each offer letter is changing specification depending on your analysis

report.

A sample draft will look like this;-

Dear Sir / ma'am,

We are a trading company engaged in the export of solid minerals. We currently produce 100 tons

monthly lead ore with content Pb > 50%. Rejection <40%. See details and pricing below:-

Origin: Nigeria

Shape: lumpy (or crushed)

Sizes: 0 -60mm

Specifications:

Pb - 56.5%

Moisture - 9.1%

Zn - 2%

Fe - 14%

Pricing terms:

USD 672/ton, fob Lagos port

Payment terms:

100% LC at sight against SGS analysis report

Packaging:

50kg pp strong bags.

Min Shipment:

1 X 20ft container (27tons)

Latest shipment time:

7 days after confirmation of LC at local bank

Please note they though offer letters for Agro and mineral products look similar, they are very much

different when it comes to the drafting the contract / sale purchase agreement, Also note that pricing terms

for mineral ore are of two types:-

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1) Flat rate - that is where the buyer and seller agrees a fixed price per ton e.g. $12 per percentage per ton.

So if Pb is 50% then price $600/ton

Pb 60% - then price $700 / ton

2) LME rate - London metal exchange rate based on prevailing rates listed on the international metals

exchange rate calculated LME X Pb content X discount = fob price .

SGS and Eyeview inspection and bureau Veritas are all in Lagos to determine most of these

specifications.

Contact details below:

NAME PHONE E-MAIL

EyeView Francis

+234 703 421 5050

+234 702 584 5080

+234 805 905 2590

eyeviewinspectionltd2007@gmail.com

SGS Yinka

+234 803 473 7287

adeyinka.adebayo@sgs.com

Mr Osmond (Bureau Veritas)

+234 809 990 4332

osmond.ike@ng.bureauveritas.com

HOW TO CALCULATE INT'L PRICES OF MINERAL ORES

Fob Price = (LME) X (% PURITY) X (DISCOUNT) LME - means London metal price. This is the price

minerals are listed on the London metal exchange or any Int'l metals exchange worldwide % PURITY -

means the percentage content of a mineral ore DISCOUNT - refers to the percentage to be discounted

from the metals exchange price. Usually about 40%

For example: - lead ore mined at Abakaliki area of Ebonyi state usually tests lead ore PB 58%. So if the

London metals exchange market is trading at $1830 / ton, therefore you'll calculate the fob lagos price as

follows; Fob price = $1830 X .58 X .60 Fob price = $636.84 / ton

Lead prices from the London Metal Exchange (LME), news, charts, historical prices.

Lead metal prices and news. London Metal Exchange (LME) Lead prices and news. Lead price Charts

and Lead price History

www.metalprices.com

You can also find mineral ore Int'l prices here:- https://www.metalprices.com/metal/lead/lme-lead-cash-

official

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HOW TO PREPARE CONTRACT / SPAS

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Above is a screenshot of a contract for Kosso woods

A contract / SPA has different formats, what is important is for it to have the necessary

information that binds both buyer and seller

A contract needs to have buyer & seller details, name and description of commodity, origin of

commodity, quality, quantity, price, destination port, payment terms, and export documents to be

provided.

Also include "Governing law" in case there is a dispute after the transaction has being executed

particular contract for Kosso wood requests that the seller provide pictures of loading as a

prerequisite for buyer to accept & pay for goods . This is because the buyer wants to be sure and

have proof that it's actually wood that was loaded

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UNDERSTANDING LCS

Letter of credits are international instruments of payment. They are like using cheque to pay for goods

internationally

We have various types of letter of credits but the most common are:-

Confirmed LC

Unconfirmed LC

Irrevocable LC

Confirmed irrevocable LC

Now the payment time this LC kicks in can be LC at sight, LC at 30 days after shipment, 60 days after

shipment etc.

All LCs are like documents stating the terms and conditions of payment and description and qty of goods

to be paid for that's why it's also called DLC - documentary letter of credit

LCs also have expiry date just like cheques and bank drafts within which you must ship goods or it’s

cancelled.

Confirmed LC is like bank draft which means your bank has confirmed the LC and money is sitting in the

buyers account.

Unconfirmed LC means the opposite of confirmed LC

Irrevocable means LC cannot be cancelled without sellers permission after it has being issued

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Proforma invoices / contract is prepared and signed btw buyer and seller before production starts.

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Final invoice is prepared after production is complete. The reason for final invoice is sometimes in the

Proforma invoice you could have quoted for let say 20tons in a container but after you finished loading

then you realize there is difference in weight and it's now may be 20.2tons or so, that is why you need to

provide final invoice showing the final price and weight of goods

Final invoice and packing list should be printed on your company letter-head paper

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For the Proforma invoice it will be scanned to the buyer to sign and scan back as approval for the goods

to be shipped to him

As for the final invoice, only the exporter is required to sign

Next 2 topics together:-

Filling NXP forms & processing shipping documents

The NXP form is for exporters who want to export commodities. It's like the form M for importers. You

will have to indicate the details of your export like name of buyer, destination port, value of goods,

payment terms of buyer, expected shipment time etc.

Once completed, you submit to your bank, which then creates a NXP code number for you after you've

paid some charges and this nxp form will also be submitted to customs at ports instructing customs to

clear your cargo for export

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SGS report (if buyer request)

The other shipping documents required by seller will be handled by the freight forwarder. Such as

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Bill of lading

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Fumigation certificate

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Certificate of origin

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Phytosanitary certificate

Now after you've collected all this documents it's now time to prepare a bills of exchange (draft letter)

stating to your bank that they should send these documents to buyers bank but should not release the

documents until buyer pays you.

Firstly a letter is prepared on your company letter -head stating all the documents to be sent through your

bank to buyer’s bank. It will also show the NXP nos. as this is how your bank will track the transaction

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The export courier document is attached with the bill of exchange letter. The bill of exchange letter states

to your bank that they should collect from the drawee (buyer) a stated amount of money before releasing

the documents listed in the export courier letter.

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The bill of exchange will also state the means of payment agreed btw parties.

Like how much is the bank charge? About 1% of the value to export goods

If no further question, we'll be moving to the final topic:-

FINDING AND VERIFYING BUYERS

There are 3 main ways to source for buyers;

- registering with b2b websites where they match buyers with sellers like tradekey, alibaba, etc

-posting your services and goods online and advertising using Google Adwords or Facebook

-using search engines like Google, yahoo search, Bing search to search for buyers. The first and second

option are expensive setting you back about thousands of dollars. But I prefer the 3rd option which is free

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but you have to be creative in understanding the behavior of your potential buyers. If you want to search

for ginger buyers online, you should know that they too are probably searching for exporters or suppliers

too. So you should search phrases like;-

“Buyers wanted”

“Dried ginger wanted”

“We are looking for suppliers for dried ginger”

“We buy dry ginger”

Also, you should know that dried ginger is a raw material for finished products like ginger tea, ginger

bread, ginger biscuits etc.

So the manufacturers of these finished products will also be looking for suppliers of ginger as raw

material. So you can Google search companies making these ginger products to send them offer letters.

Alternatively, you can search for free usually only the first page of these b2b websites without registering,

suppliers of the products you want to export and then offer to sell to them at a cheaper rate. So they can

buy from you and resell to their existing customers. Finally, you can register with customs data website

which stores shipment data of companies that import products in certain countries .This link below , a

customs data website , is a good resource :-

http://en.52wmb.com/cb-dried_ginger?rel=0&st=0

Now to authenticate or verify buyers you'll need to carry out a fraud search online If for example the

buyers company is "ABC limited " , you should type "ABC limited fraud" or "ABC limited scam" , this

will bring up any information relating to scam or fraud the company has being engaged in .

Also you should ask a buyer to provide past BL, which will prove the buyer has been importing before.

You can also contact the buyer's supplier on the BL to confirm the trustworthiness of the buyer

The bill of lading shows the contact details of the suppliers who supplied the goods to the buyer.

So to confirm the trustworthiness of the buyer, you can contact the supplier and ask questions regarding

the buyer

“Movement certificate: It's not part of the shipping documents but it's used by countries shipping goods to

other countries under the African Carribean Pacific states agreement / treaty”

I'll like to suggest a few easy products members can start exporting with minimal capital. Let's start with

hardwood charcoal. Also called "black gold” by foreign buyers.

It is so called because it is in high demand as it is categorized as energy product used in BBQ, restaurant,

homes and metallurgy industry. Export business is a bit capital intensive than other businesses and since

its export, you need to meet minimum export qty. And the mode of shipment in Nigeria is mostly by sea

using 20ft containers or 40ft containers .You can use air freight but is for light stuffs that don't weigh

more than hundred kilograms e.g. gemstone , Shea butter

Frequent exported commodities in Nigeria are:-

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dried split ginger (min trading capital N15m)

cashew nuts - N18m

hibiscus - N6.5m

Tigernuts - N6m

cassia Tora < N2m

hardwood charcoal <1.5m

moringa seeds < N200k

Shea butter < N200k

“Charcoal are made from hardwood or softwood. Hardwood is ayeen, iroko, Oakwood, mahogany, etc.”

You'll notice that moringa seeds & Shea butter require little capital to start. The reason being that these

two commodities are shipped by air so sometimes buyers can request only a few kilograms unlike other

commodities that are shipped by sea and you need to fill up a container with several tons Now we focus

firstly on charcoal as this has the most readily available Int'l buyers although many buyers now are

complaining of Nigeria's poor quality of charcoal due to too many impurities.

“Cassia tora Found mostly in the north locally called

"Tafasa" in Hausa language. It's used for hot drink

like coffee, for skin, for herbs etc.”

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Shea butter is gotten from Shea nuts. It is popularly called "ori" in Yoruba and used commonly locally. It

is used internationally for confectionaries, chocolates, oil, body cream etc.

Many small businesses or home businesses abroad who make things like soap, Body cream etc. for sale

usually order small qty like 10kg , 100kg , 500kg etc. so you can ship this by air rather than sea

“Shea nut undergoing cooking”

“Village women preparing shea butter”

“Waiting to cool down “

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“After cooling down becomes like butter and packaged locally”

It is locally sold about N700 /kg International price below:

Min Order 15 KG; Price $20.00 / kg; Delivery by air

Min Order 100 KG; Price $15.00 / kg; Delivery by air

Min Order 1,000 KG; Price $10.00 /kg; Delivery by air

Min Order 10,000 KG; Price $2.60 / kg; Shipped by sea

EMS courier is the cheapest air courier company I know they charge about N75, 000 for 23kg goods in

weight.

The challenges or obstacles that could be encountered in the export business and how can they be avoided

or tackled.

Once you have capital and know where to source the commodities, the major challenge is quality.

Due to the outdated method the farmers process or clean the Commodities, most of them do not meet Int'l

standard. So you have to learn how to clean, process and dry the commodities by yourself. This apply to

all the export products.

You have to visit the sources / villages where they are producing these produce to have a firsthand

knowledge.

Shea Butter Buyer & Lists

http://en.52wmb.com/cb-shea_butter?rel=0&st=0

You can use that link above to find Int'l buyers for your commodities