• exploring the drip lines: where are the proton and neutron drip lines• exotic decay modes: - two-proton radioactivity - -delayed multi-particle emission

Bertram Blank for the « Limits » sub-task (if there is…)

• the region around 100Sn: predicted rates (200A): direct: - 104Sn: 6.8 * 106 pps - 102Sn: 1.5 * 103 pps - 100Sn: 1.1 * 10-2 pps second fragmentation of 104Sn (EPAX2): - 102Sn: 8.8 * 100 pps - 100Sn: 4.4 * 10-3 pps - 98Sn: 3.9 * 10-6 pps Drip line: 95,96Sn

Difficult to reach…. FAIR?

• the region around 132Sn: predicted rates (200A): direct: - 132Sn: 3.0 * 1013 pps - 131In: 5.9 * 1011 pps - 130Cd: 1.2 * 103 pps - 129Ag: 5.1 * 10-5 pps second fragmentation of 132Sn (COFRA): - 131In: 3.8 * 108 pps - 130Cd: 4.6 * 106 pps - 129Ag: 7.6 * 104 pps (last known 127Ag) - 128Pd: 3.0 * 102 pps (last known 123Pd) - 127Rh: 2.5 * 100 pps (last known 121Rh) - 126Ru: 1.0 * 10-2 pps (last known 118Ru) - 125Tc: 3.3 * 10-5 pps = 3 ppd (115Tc)

Drip line (ETFSI):134Tc, 118Kr(N=82)

Can we reach the drip line in the calcium region?Can we compete with 64Ni or 86Kr fragmentation?Predicted rates:• 70Ni: 3.0 * 105pps• 94Kr: 2.4 * 108pps• 96Kr: 2.9 * 106pps

• production of isotopes below 132Sn - half-life measurements - decay studies (e.g. neutron emission probability)

• scan the neutron drip line in the calcium region - half-life measurements - test of mass models via 1n or 2n separation energy

• fragmentation of 132Sn, 94Kr, 104Sn etc to understand fragmentation process of n-rich and p-rich isotopes

Two-proton emitterwith even Z

Simultanous emission:

three-body decay

A~50 region:half-lives long enough due to Coulomb barrier

2He radioactivity45Fe, 48Ni, 54Zn, ?…

Sequential emission:

-2p decays of22Al, 26P, 31Ar,…

Sequential emission:

very light nuclei with broad states

45Fe 54Zn

48Ni

New candidates for the future:• 59Ge • 62,63Se• 66,67Kr• 70,71Sr• 74,75Zr• ….

What can we learn from two-proton radioactivity:• masses of nuclei beyond drip line• pairing in nuclei• sequence of single-particle levels• deformation• tunneling process

BUT: Is this really a physics topic for an ISOL facility?• short half-lives long extraction times• secondary fragmentation very far from stability

• known cases: 22Al, 23Si, 26P, 27S, 31Ar, 35Ca, 39Ti, 43Cr, 50Ni• studied cases: 22Al (a little), 31Ar (raisonably well)• other cases (from the IAS): 22Si, 42Cr, 46,47Fe, 49,50,51Ni, 55Zn, 59Ge, 63Se, 67Kr , 71Sr….• setup: 8 charged-particle detector:

• Study of neutron-neutron correlation• advantage: no Coulomb barrier• no disturbance of correlation• cases: 11Li (4%), 17B (11%), 17C (7%), 30,31Na (1%), 32,33Na (10%)• other cases?

• cases: 11Li (3n), 17B (3n, 4n)• other cases?

• setup: high-granularity neutron detector

• search for low-lying resonances in 26,27,28O• 2p knock-out from 28,29,30Ne isotopes• present detectors: - neutron efficiency: 10% for 1n - 26O is feasible today (104 28Ne / s)• needs: - increased neutron detection efficiency - sweeper magnet to detect heavy ejectile 24O

• 1p knock-out to study neutron bound and unbound states in 27,28,29F• needs: - increased neutron detection efficiency - sweeper magnet to detect heavy ejectile 24O - high-efficiency -ray detection