exploring synergies between horizon europe and regional policy. booklet...participants’ booklet...
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EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service
Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA)
PE 656.338 January 2021 EN
STOA online workshop
Exploring synergies between
Horizon Europe and regional policy
Participants’ booklet
Exploring synergies between Horizon
Europe and regional policy
STOA workshop
2 February 2021, 14:00 - 16:00
Webex event
STOA | Panel for the Future of Science and Technology
II
Prepared by Gianluca Quaglio, Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA)
Available at https://www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/en/events/details/exploring-synergies-between-horizon-euro
PE 656.338
© European Union, 2021
Exploring synergies between Horizon Europe and regional policy
Exploring synergies between Horizon Europe and regional policy
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Table of contents
1. Programme _____________________________________________________________________ 2
2. Introduction _____________________________________________________________________ 3
3. Welcome _______________________________________________________________________ 4
3.1. Christian EHLER, MEP and STOA First Vice-Chair ______________________________________ 4
4. Speakers ________________________________________________________________________ 5
4.1. Anna PANAGOPOULOU, Common Implementation Centre, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, European Commission ____________________________________________ 5
4.2. Martin KERN, European Institute of Innovation & Technology ___________________________ 6
4.3. Mikel LANDABASO ALVAREZ, Joint Research Centre, European Commission _______________ 7
4.4. Peter BERKOWITZ, Head of Unit for Smart and Sustainable Growth, Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy, European Commission ___________________________________ 7
4.5. Paul WEBB, Horizon budget and MMF synergies, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, European Commission ________________________________________________ 9
5. About STOA ____________________________________________________________________ 10
5.1. Mission _____________________________________________________________________ 10
5.2. STOA Panel members __________________________________________________________ 12
5.3. STOA administration __________________________________________________________ 14
STOA | Panel for the Future of Science and Technology
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1.
14:00-14:15: WELCOME
Christian EHLER, MEP and STOA First Vice-Chair
14:15-15:45: PRESENTATIONS
Synergies-post 2020: a comprehensive approach from strategic to operational synergies with
regional policies
Anna PANAGOPOULOU, Common Implementation Centre, Directorate-General for Research and
Innovation, European Commission
Martin KERN, European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT)
Synergies for innovation
Mikel LANDABASO ALVAREZ, Joint Research Centre, European Commission
Cohesion policy and smart specialisation
Peter BERKOWITZ, Smart and Sustainable Growth Unit, Directorate-General for Regional and Urban
Policy, European Commission
Synergies and complementarities between EU programmes
Paul WEBB, Horizon budget and MMF synergies Unit, Directorate-General for Research and
Innovation, European Commission
15:45-16:00 CLOSING REMARKS
Christian EHLER, MEP and STOA First Vice-Chair
Exploring synergies between Horizon Europe and regional policy
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2.
The European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIFs) and Horizon Europe, when operating individually, provide significant support for research, development, and innovation.
Supporting synergies in their use and implementation may deliver additional gains in terms of better innovation results, closing the innovation gap in Europe, and promoting economic growth.
The call for better synergies reflects the need for a more efficient and effective use of available funding instruments to build sustainable long-term knowledge capacities and improve the overall quality of national and regional innovation systems.
The European Parliament and Council have made it clear that this approach needs to be implemented.
However, to actively promote the combination of both funds is no simple matter given the different aims and nature of the funds.
Furthermore, the combination of various EU funding sources is complex due to differing rules, eligibility criteria, and time-frames (for calls, policy cycles, etc.) between EU-funded programmes.
Horizon Europe and the previous EU framework programmes for research provide funding on the basis of excellence through transnational competitive calls and direct awards to final beneficiaries (universities, research centres, firms, etc.), regardless of their geographical location.
Horizon Europe is managed directly by the European Commission, overseeing the organisation of calls, the evaluation of proposals and the monitoring of project implementation.
ESIFs are based on multi-annual programmes, aiming to reduce regional disparities with a non-competitive attribution based on strategic planning negotiation and being awarded through shared management with national and regional managing authorities.
Despite their differences, there are also major complementarities and synergies that should be utilised. Horizon Europe focuses on tackling major societal challenges, maximising the competitiveness impact of research and innovation and raising and spreading levels of excellence in the research base.
ESIFs have a strong emphasis on governance via the smart specialisation process and the definition of clear objectives on building knowledge and innovation capacity.
However, the process of synergy is sluggish, with complex interactions existing between different innovation actors.
This needs to be overcome, since, as recognised by the European Institutions, the successful deployment of a strategic perspective combining different funding instruments and policy frameworks may substantially boost competitiveness, welfare and growth in the EU regions.
To achieve this objective, it is crucial to align strategies and implementation modalities, and complement existing and future roadmaps.
The aim of this workshop is to explore breakthroughs in the synergies between the Horizon Europe and regional policy instruments.
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3.
3.1. Christian EHLER, MEP and STOA First Vice-Chair
over a decade. He has been one of the leading figures in the design and implementation of the EU research and innovation programmes, as rapporteur for both Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe. He is the initiator of an ITRE working group dedicated to closer parliamentary scrutiny of EU R&I programme implementation and he is First Vice-Chair of the EP think thank STOA.
One of innovation in all sectors, including health, digital and climate. As rapporteur for Horizon Europe, he has put forward a number of instruments to reduce the administrative burden for researchers and SMEs and for boosting public-private partnerships contributing to achieving EU climate and digital goals. Dr Ehler plays an instrumental oordinator for the ITRE Committee.
In the European Parliament, Dr. Ehler is also member of the Delegation for relations with the US, and substitute member in the Committee on Culture and Education, the Delegation for relations with Israel and the Delegation for the Mediterranean.
Key message
In the legislation we have created additional opportunities for synergies between Horizon Europe and the Cohesion Funds.
We need these synergies now more than ever because we need to face the economic challenges due to the COVID-19 outbreak in all European regions and at the same time Europe goes through a fundamental transition towards a green and more digital world.
All European regions need to benefit from Europe's excellent research and innovation. Effective synergies between Horizon Europe and the Cohesion Funds need to deliver this.
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4.
4.1. Anna PANAGOPOULOU, Director of Common Implementation Centre, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, European Commission
Since July 2016, Ms Anna Panagopoulou has been the Director of the 'Common Implementation Centre' at the Research and Innovation Directorate-General of the European Commission. The directorate is responsible for the implementation strategy for European Union R&I programmes and covers among others the service for Horizon 2020 information and data.
Ms Panagopoulou is also Acting Director of Directorate Innovation olicy. Previously, she was Head of Department for Programme Support and Resources at the Innovation and Networks Executive Agency ( INEA) in 2014.
Ms Panagopoulou started her career at the European Commission in 1997 being responsible for files in the area of EU research and innovation, transport and energy policy. Beforehand she worked for 6 years in the private sector. She holds a degree in electrical engineering.
Key message
Horizon Europe and Cohesion Policy funds are the two most important EU funding sources to support research and innovation. Synergies can be pursued at various levels, from design and strategic planning, to project selection, management, communication, dissemination and exploitation of results, to monitoring, auditing and governance. A comprehensive approach requires strategic complementarity between programme design and objectives as well as clear and compatible funding rules and processes.
As regards strategic complementarities, Member States and regions are now engaged in developing the next round of cohesion policy programmes. In this context, ERDF/ESF+ Managing Authorities should be aware of the Horizon Europe priorities and actions when drafting Smart Specialisation Strategies and the related cohesion policy programmes. In particular, the thematic priorities under Horizon Europe, as well as the missions and partnerships, could be an excellent reference point for synergies. Horizon Europe, in turn, provides many opportunities for regional actors to participate in line with their regional policy priorities.
As regards the rules for implementing synergies, very good progress was achieved in the legislative process on facilitating and simplifying the rules at operational level in all relevant regulations (Horizon Europe, Cohesion Policy, State Aid General Block Exemption). Synergies can be implemented by alternative, combined, cumulative funding and transfers of resources. Synergies can also be achieved by the deployment of research results and innovative solutions developed under Horizon Europe, in particular through dissemination and exploitation strategies, transfer of knowledge, complementary and cumulative funding sources, and accompanying policy measures.
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4.2. Martin KERN, Director, European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT)
Martin Kern was the Interim Director and Chief Operating Officer at the EIT from 1 August 2014 until his appointment as Director by the EIT Governing Board on 23 August 2019. Prior to joining the EIT, he worked at the European Commission for 15 years in a variety of posts, mainly in the area of enlargement policy and with financial assistance to support economic and social development programmes. Working for the EU, he held a variety of positions, the latest being Head of Operations at the EU Delegation to Serbia where he coordinated the programming and implementation of EU funds to bring Serbia closer to EU accession and
disastrous floods in Serbia in May 2014.
Previously, he worked as country coordinator for financial assistance for the Turkey team in the Euin Stockholm during their EU Presidency by the European Commission. He started his career in the EU in Lithuania and Estonia, working in the EU Delegations and helping the two countries join the EU and ending his six years in the Baltic States as Acting Head of the EU Representation in Tallinn.
Following the accession of the 10 new Member States to the EU in 2004, he continued working on financial assistance, dealing, among other things, with the follow-up in the use of EU funds in Bulgaria and Romania around the time of their accession. He began his career after a brief stint at the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe in Geneva, and has Master's degrees in Economics and English from the University of Heidelberg and in European Studies from the University of Reading.
Key message
made up of over 2 000 partners working through 60+ hubs in Europe and beyond. The EIT model is based on bringing together business, education, and research in Knowledge and Innovation Communities (EIT KICs). Our eight KICs educate NextGen entrepreneurs, nourish ventures through business creation and acceleration services, and empower researchers to find smart solutions to pressing societal challenges. The EIT is a powerful vehicle for delivering on EU policy priorities.
For example, two of our KICs, EIT InnoEnergy and EIT RawMaterials, are playing leading roles in the European Battery and Raw Materials Alliances. The EIT is also well positioned to deliver on the European Green Deal; between 2014 and 2019, our KICs spent over EUR 700 million on climate action-related programmes. Additionally, we have been catalysing regional innovation since 2014 through our targeted outreach scheme, the EIT Regional Innovation Scheme (EIT RIS).
innovation actors, and offers tailor-made programmes to support countries with modest or moderate innovation performance. Looking forward, the EIT Strategic Innovation Agenda for 2021-2027 represents an enhanced EIT mandate. This includes investing more in our regional support activities and incorporating them centrally within our strategic planning and implementation.
The EIT is also working to create synergies between the EIT KICs and the ESIF, including by ensuring
further expand our activities in the Western Balkans and our cooperation with the IPA. Horizon Europe, of which the EIT is an integral part, represents a unique opportunity to further strengthen the pan-European connections between research & innovation and regional policy.
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4.3. Mikel LANDABASO ALVAREZ, Director of Growth & Innovation, Joint Research Centre, Seville
Mikel Landabaso has worked in the European Commission since 1990. He has been Director for Growth & Innovation in the Joint Research Centre in Seville since December 2019.
Mikel was Director for Strategy and Corporate Communication in DG Communication 2016-2019, responsible for the design and implementation of the new generation of EU Corporate Campaigns.
He has also been Acting Director for Inclusive Growth, Urban and Territorial Development in DG Regional Policy. During 2014-2015, he was Head of Cabinet of the Commissioner for Regional Policy.
Agencies Association EURADA. He was also Head of the Research Department and Assistant to the Director-General of the Basque Regional Development Agency (SPRI S.A.) 1986-1990.
He has been part-time lecturer at the Free University of Brussels (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) during the years 2000-2007, University of Deusto 1988-1990 and the Basque Public University 1987-1988. He has been a Visiting Scholar at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (U.S.A.) under the EU Fellowship Program (2000).
Mikel Landabaso has a PhD in Economics (1994, University of the Basque Country, Spain), M.A. in Development Economics (1983-1984, University of East Anglia, U.K.), Diploma in Advanced European Studies, with a scholarship from the Basque Government (1985-1986, College of Europe, Belgium) and Licenciado en Ciencias Economicas (1978-1983, Universidad del Pais Vasco). He spent a senior year of highschool at Moundsview High (1977-1978, Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.) with an AFS scholarship.
Key message
While EU R&I Funds are largely structured around general objectives like increasing excellence, cohesion or mobility, the economic reality is structured around global value chains. Turning those value chains green and digital will require the optimal use of funding and financing resources across Europe, from Horizon Europe and ESIF, but also from the RRF and the JTF.
Experiments with operational and project-level synergies have proven useful, but lack the critical mass that is needed to mobilise big amounts of funding. Implementing the twin transitions requires the development of broad coalitions of Member States, regions, cities, European R&I networks, private players and civil society, in order to build strategic synergies, avoid duplication, and increase the impact of local investments.
It also requires connecting places better to value chains, where each place contributes with its territorial strengths and uses the available funds in synergy. The Smart Specialisation Strategies offer the ideal framework for building such synergies at territorial level and for setting up multi-level governance to coordinate investments.
A wide variety of collaboration models have been tested within the JRC and are ready to be scaled up. As part of this challenge, the JRC is developing a Knowledge Management System and supporting development of next-generation Smart Specialisation Strategies for Sustainability (S4).
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4.4. Peter BERKOWITZ, Head of Unit for Smart and Sustainable Growth, Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy, European Commission
Peter Berkowitz is Head of Unit for Smart and Sustainable Growth in the Directorate General for Regional and Urban Policy in the European Commission.
This unit is responsible for smart specialisation and regional investment in the digital economy, the environment, transport, climate change and just transition.
From 2008 to 2016, he was Head of Unit for Policy Development, including the preparation and negotiation of the Commission's proposals for the reform of Cohesion Policy 2014-2020.
Key message
European innovation policy as a whole must place a greater emphasis on promoting innovation in less-developed regions to trigger economic dynamism that would increase the competitiveness of the EU as a whole and close the innovation divide.
This means improving research and innovation (R&I) capacities, addressing territorial inequalities and improving coordination at all levels. Such an approach requires closer coordination of research, cohesion and education policies at EU level.
Recent changes in Horizon Europe brought a greater emphasis on mission-oriented R&I and societal impact, and a recognition of the scale of the innovation divide and of the important role of innovation ecosystems.
Whereas Horizon Europe focuses on European R&I excellence, the generation and exploitation of new knowledge and disruptive, market-creating innovations, Cohesion Policy investments are built around regional innovation eco-systems and focus on R&I with regional relevance, diffusion of existing knowledge and technology to places that need it, and embedding it locally via smart specialisation strategies in order to achieve economic and societal transformation.
Bringing Cohesion Policy and Horizon Europe investments closer together has been high on the Cohesion Policy agenda over the past years and efforts have accelerated with the preparation of the post-2020 period. The primary objective of bringing Cohesion Policy and Horizon Europe closer together are strategic.
A stronger focus on creating complementarities could strengthen the impact of both policies, in particular in less developed and peripheral regions. This creates new opportunities for strengthening synergies that can reinforce the delivery of smart specialisation strategies, and help develop better innovation performance in all regions and better integration of less developed and
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4.5. Paul WEBB, Head of Unit for Horizon Budget and MMF Synergies, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, European Commission
Paul Webb is currently Head of Unit for Horizon Budget and MFF Synergies in the Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, European Commission. Previously he has held a range of posts in the Commission, in DG Research and Innovation, DG Budget and DG Agriculture. He holds a degree in Financial Management from the University of Sheffield.
Key message
Too often synergies are seen in terms of funding mechanisms and procedures, and shuffling money between programmes. Of course finance can never be forgotten. However, the overall objective of synergies must start from the understanding that research and innovation (R&I) in itself is not sufficient to achieve the transformations that we are seeking. Rather synergies must ensure that: a) R&I priorities and activities are aligned with, and support, different policies and programmes; b) they are the best possible opportunities for R&I results to be exploited and deployed to assist the desired transformations.
To do this a strategic approach is necessary, starting with the assessment of what we want to achieve. Only then can we consider funding, and how to ensure coherent funding options at different stages of the R&I cycle. This understanding should not be limited to EU programmes and policies, although this is a key starting point for the European Commission.
The Horizon Europe Strategic Planning process has ensured the alignment of priorities for the different Union policies and funding programmes. Building on the Strategic Plan, work programmes will be designed to produce the scientific base to support the EUs policies and programmes. This is apparent in many of the calls that will appear in the first work programme.
The planning also ensures that there is coherence between the different programmes, ensuring that duplication or overlap is avoided. A number of initiatives are underway to give the best possible opportunity for the deployment of research results and innovative solutions developed in Horizon Europe by other EU funding programmes (sequential synergies) in terms of governance across funds, policy development (State Aid, and IPR, for example), knowledge management (dissemination and exploitation strategies), etc.
Finally, there has been an increase of the possibilities to support research under other programmes, together with simplified rules. In particular: a) There is now the (voluntary) possibility for structural fund management authorities to transfer up to 5% of their structural fund allocation to Horizon Europe to support researchers.
Horizon Europe rules will apply fully; b) Structural funds can now be used as the national contribution to European partnerships; c) A number of developments will allow for simpler funding of projects with a Seal of Excellence if managing authorities wish to do so.
There are also simplified rules for the combination of funds, where there is a strategic interest to do this. Many synergies are already apparent in Horizon 2020. The challenge now is to ensure that these are systematically built-in at all stages of the R&I cycle.
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5.
5.1. Mission
The Panel for the Future of Science and Technology (STOA) forms an integral part of the structure of the European Parliament. Launched in 1987, STOA is tasked with identifying and independently assessing the impact of new and emerging science and technologies.
The goal of its work is to assist, with independent information, the Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) in developing options for long-term, strategic policy-making.
The STOA Panel
The STOA Panel consists of 27 MEPs nominated from eleven permanent parliamentary committees: AGRI (Agriculture & Rural Development), CULT (Culture & Education), EMPL (Employment & Social Affairs), ENVI (Environment, Public Health & Food Safety), IMCO (Internal Market & Consumer Protection), INTA (International Trade ), ITRE (Industry, Research & Energy), JURI (Legal Affairs), LIBE (Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs), REGI (Regional Development) and TRAN (Transport & Tourism).
Ewa KOPACZ is the European Parliament Vice-President responsible for STOA for the first half of the 9th parliamentary term. The STOA Chair for the first half of the 9th parliamentary term is Eva KAILI with Christian EHLER and Ivars IJABS elected as 1st and 2nd Vice-Chairs respectively.
The STOA approach
STOA fulfils its mission primarily by carrying out science-based projects. Whilst undertaking these projects, STOA assesses the widest possible range of options to support evidence-based policy decisions. A typical project investigates the impacts of both existing and emerging technology options and presents these in the form of studies and options briefs. These are publicly available for download via the STOA website: www.europarl.europa.eu/stoa/.
Some of STOA's projects explore the long-term impacts of future techno-scientific trends, with the aim to support MEPs in anticipating the consequences of developments in science. Alongside its production of 'hard information', STOA communicates its findings to the European Parliament by organising public events throughout the year. STOA also runs the MEP-Scientist Pairing Scheme aimed at promoting mutual understanding and facilitating the establishment of lasting links between the scientific and policy-making communities.
Focus areas
STOA activities and products are varied and are designed to cover as wide a range of scientific and technological topics as possible, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, 5G, genetic engineering, antibiotics resistance, internet addiction, face recognition, pollution, sustainable agriculture, COVID-19 and health in general.
These activities are clustered within three main thematic areas: Artificial intelligence & other disruptive technologies, The nfour cross-cutting policy areas: Science, technology and innovation; Societal and ethical challenges; Economic challenges; and Legal challenges.
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European Science-Media Hub (ESMH)
The European Science-Media Hub (ESMH), operating under the political responsibility of the STOA Panel, is a platform to promote networking, training and knowledge sharing between the European Parliament, the scientific community and the media. The ESMH creates a network among policy-makers, scientists and media involving science, academia, educational and research entities, and professional associations of journalists and scientists.
For journalists and media representatives, the ESMH organises training sessions and workshops on current technological developments, both as subjects of their reporting and as means of facilitating their work. Via media monitoring and media intelligence tools, the ESMH follows the most popular topics in the field of science and technology on different platforms including journals, newspapers and social media.
The ESMH makes information available to journalists, other media and citizens about new scientific developments, as well as about scientific topics that attract media attention, and promotes information based on evidence.
Centre for AI (C4AI)
To intensify its activities in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), STOA has launched its Centre for AI (C4AI). C4AI was established by decision of the STOA Panel on 19 December 2019, and was announced at the high-level STOA workshop 'The Future of Artificial Intelligence for Europe', which took place on 29 January 2020 at the European Parliament in Brussels.
Within the context of STOA and based on decisions of the STOA Panel, C4AI produces studies, organises public events and acts as a platform for dialogue and information exchange on AI-relevant topics within the Parliament and beyond. In particular, it provides expertise on the possibilities and limitations of AI and its implications from an ethical, legal, economic and societal perspective. Through these activities, C4AI aims to contribute to the quality and coherence of discussion and policy-making as the EU seeks to coordinate its efforts and influence global AI standard-setting.
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5.2. STOA Panel members
Panel Member Committee Panel Member Committee
Ewa KOPACZ
(EPP, PL)
EP Vice-President
STOA Bureau
member
Herbert DORFMANN
(EPP, IT)
AGRI
Eva KAILI
(S&D, EL)
STOA Chair
STOA Bureau
member
ITRE
Lina GALVEZ
MUÑOZ (S&D, ES)
EMPL
Christian EHLER
(EPP, DE)
1st STOA Vice-
Chair - STOA
Bureau member
ITRE
Alexandra GEESE
(Greens/EFA, DE)
IMCO
Ivars IJABS
(Renew Europe, LV)
2nd STOA Vice-
Chair - STOA
Bureau member
ITRE
Alexis
GEORGOULIS
(The Left, EL)
CULT
Anna-Michelle
ASIMAKOPOULOU
(EPP, EL)
INTA
Maria GRAPINI
(S&D, RO)
TRAN
Rosa D’AMATO
(Greens/EFA, IT)
REGI
Ivo HRISTOV
(S&D, BG)
AGRI
Francesca DONATO
(ID, IT)
AGRI
Marina KALJURAND
(S&D, ET)
LIBE
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Panel Member Committee Panel Member Committee
Othmar KARAS
(EPP, AT)
ITRE
Hermann TERTSCH
(ECR, ES)
ENVI
Maria Manuel
LEITÃO MARQUES
(S&D, PT)
Barbara THALER
(EPP, AT)
TRAN
Karen MELCHIOR
(Renew Europe, DK)
IMCO
Patrizia TOIA
(S&D, IT)
ITRE
Caroline
NAGTEGAAL
(Renew Europe, NL)
TRAN
Yana TOOM
(Renew Europe, ET)
EMPL
Dennis RADTKE
(EPP, DE)
EMPL
Viola VON
CRAMON-
TAUBADEL
(Greens/EFA, DE)
ITRE
Michèle RIVASI
(Greens/EFA, FR)
ENVI
Tiemo WÖLKEN
(S&D, DE)
JURI
Susana SOLÍS
PÉREZ
(Renew Europe, ES)
ENVI
AGRI: Agriculture and Rural Development
CULT: Culture and Education
EMPL: Employment and Social Affairs
ENVI: Environment, Public Health and Food Safety
IMCO: Internal Market and Consumer Protection
INTA: International Trade
ITRE: Industry, Research and Energy
JURI: Legal Affairs
LIBE: Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs
REGI: Regional Development
TRAN: Transport and Tourism
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5.3. STOA administration
Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (DG EPRS)
European Parliament
Rue Wiertz 60, B-1047 Brussels
E-mail: [email protected]
Director-General
Anthony TEASDALE
Director
Wolfgang HILLER
Head of Unit - Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA)
Theo KARAPIPERIS
STOA Secretariat
Zsolt G. PATAKI, Head of Service
Mihalis KRITIKOS
Gianluca QUAGLIO
Scientific Foresight Service
Lieve VAN WOENSEL, Head of Service
Philip BOUCHER
Vadim KONONENKO
European Science-Media Hub (ESMH)
Svetla TANOVA, Coordinator
Vitalba CRIVELLO
Eszter FAY
Carolien NIJENHUIS
Emilia BANDEIRA MORAIS
Seconded National Expert
Andrés GARCÍA HIGUERA
Assistants
Rachel MANIRAMBONA
Marie-Noëlle MPOLESHA MISENGA
Edita RAMASAUSKAITE
Trainees
Marcos FERNANDEZ ALVAREZ
Aikaterini MAVROVA
This is a publication of the Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA) EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service
PE 656.338