Exploration Systems Mission Directorate

NASA Update

2004 MAPLD International Conference

Jim Nehman Deputy Associate AdministratorDevelopment ProgramsSeptember 8, 2004

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The Vision for Space Exploration

Implement a sustained and affordable human and robotic program to explore the solar system and beyond

Extend human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations;

Develop the innovative technologies, knowledge, and infrastructures both to explore and to support decisions about the destinations for human exploration; and

Promote international and commercial participation in exploration to further U.S. scientific, security, and economic interests.

THE FUNDAMENTAL GOAL OF THIS VISION IS TO ADVANCE U.S. SCIENTIFIC, SECURITY, AND ECONOMIC INTEREST THROUGH A ROBUST

SPACE EXPLORATION PROGRAM

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• Objectives

– Implement a sustained and affordable human and robotic program

– Extend human presence across the solar system and beyond

– Develop supporting innovative technologies, knowledge, and infrastructures

– Promote international and commercial participation in exploration

• Major Milestones

– 2008: Initial flight test of CEV

– 2008: Launch first lunar robotic orbiter

– 2009-2010: Robotic mission to lunar surface

– 2011: First Unmanned CEV flight

– 2014: First Crewed CEV flight

– 2012-2015: Jupiter Icy Moon Orbiter (JIMO) / Prometheus

– 2015-2020: First human mission to the Moon

Key Elements of the Vision

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1. Return the Shuttle to safe flight as soon as practical, based on CAIB recommendations

2. Use Shuttle to complete ISS assembly 

3. Retire the Shuttle after assembly complete (2010 target) 

4. Focus ISS research to support exploration goals; understanding space environment and countermeasures 

5. Meet foreign commitments 

6. Undertake lunar exploration to support sustained human and robotic exploration of Mars and beyond

7. Series of robotic missions to Moon by 2008 to prepare for human exploration

8. Expedition to lunar surface as early as 2015 but no later than 2020 

9. Use lunar activities to further science, and test approaches (including lunar resources) for exploration to Mars & beyond

10. Conduct robotic exploration of Mars to prepare for future expedition 

11. Conduct robotic exploration across solar system to search for life, understand history of universe, search for resources

12. Conduct advanced telescope searches for habitable environments around other stars

13. Demonstrate power, propulsion, life support capabilities for long duration, more distant human and robotic missions

14. Conduct human expeditions to Mars after acquiring adequate knowledge and capability demonstrations

15. Develop a new Crew Exploration Vehicle; flight test before end of decade; human exploration capability by 2014

• Separate cargo from crew as soon as practical to support ISS; acquire crew transport to ISS after Shuttle retirement

• Pursue international participation

• Pursue commercial opportunity for transportation and other services

 

 

The Vision in Detail

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Presidential Commission Recommendations

• Vision must be managed as National priority and shared commitment– By the President, Congress and the American people

– Establish permanent Space Exploration Steering Council

• NASA’s private sector relationship, organizational structure, business culture and management processes must be decisively transformed

– Larger presence of private industry in space operations• Preferred choice - but must be competitively awarded contracts• NASA’s role must be irrefutable government only effort

– Organization must be transformed into a leaner, more focused agency

– Centers should be reconfigured as FFRDCs

– Create 3 new organizations: technical advisory board; independent cost estimating group; research and technology organization

– Adopt proven management reforms to implement the vision• “System-of-systems” approach• Spiral, evolutionary development• Reliance on lead system integrators• Independent technical and cost assessments

• Other Recommendations– Pursue international partnerships

– Seek input from scientific community on exploration architectures

– Stimulate academic excellence in mathematics, science, and engineering

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NASA TRANSFORMATION

• President’s Commission on Space Exploration Policy– “NASA needs to transform itself into a leaner, more focused agency…”

• Administrator O’Keefe Announced New Organization Structure– “…align Headquarters to eliminate ‘stove pipes’, promote synergy across the agency and

support the long term exploration vision in a way that’s sustainable and affordable.”

• Transform Strategic Enterprises into Mission Directorates– Aeronautics Research: Conduct research and develop aeronautical technologies for safe,

reliable and efficient aviation systems

– Science: Carry out scientific exploration of Earth, Moon, Mars and beyond; chart the best route of discovery; and reap the benefits of Earth and space exploration for society

– Space Operations: Direct space flight operations, space launches and space communications, as well as the operation of integrated systems in low-Earth orbit and beyond

– Exploration Systems: Develop capabilities and supporting research and technology that enable sustained and affordable human and robotic exploration; includes the biological and physical research to ensure the health and safety of crew during long duration space flight

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Exploration Systems Mission Directorate

Deputy AASystems IntegrationD. Cooke

Associate Administrator (AA) for

Exploration Systems C. Steidle

Deputy AAVacant

Business Operations

Division DirectorD. Mabey (Acting)

Research &Tech Development

CapabilityDevelopment

Deputy AADev

Programs/PEOJ. Nehman

Deputy AAResearch

H. Ross

RequirementsFormulation

Division DirectorM. Lembeck

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Development Programs

for Exploration Systems Deputy AA

Development Programs / Program Executive Officer (PEO)

CEV

Space Trans Systems

Supporting Surface Systems

Supporting In-space Systems

Nehman’s AcqBus to Hell

Exploration SystemsResearch & Tech

Human SystemResearch & Tech

Note 1 Transition Programs: X-37, Orbital Express,, DART, PAD, NGLT, OSP

Research & Technology

Development

HubbleService Mission

Constellation Systems

TransitionPrograms1

Nuclear Technology & Demonstration

“Project Prometheus”

Advanced Systems & Technology

Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter

Capability Development

Research &Technology Development

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Constellation Program AcquisitionStrategy Overview (Baseline)

2015 (Objective)

2020 (Threshold)

Target

Moon

OSP

NGLT

Mars

PrometheusPrometheus

MS C Crewed

CEV Flight 2014

MS B Program Initiation

FY06

System Development &

Integration

Down Select

Design Readiness Review /Demo

2008

Un-crewed CEV Flight

2011

Pre MS A(RFI)

Q3 FY04•____•____•____•____•____•_

MS A Tech Dev’mt

(RFP) Q3 FY05

Pre-MS A Concept Ref

(BAA)Q4 FY04

•____•____•____•____

•____•____•____•_

System Development & Demonstration

Early Contractor Involvement

Tech Maturation

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Cross-Agency, System of Systems Integration

Transit andLaunch Systems

CrewTransport

Launch

CrewSupport

Supporting Research

Resource Identificationand Characterization

Biomedical Countermeasuresand Limits

Surface andOrbital Systems

LandingSystems

SurfaceMobility

Comm/Nav

Commonality/EvolvabilityFor Future Missions

MarsCandidates

TelescopeCandidates

Outer Moons Candidates

Technology Options

Long-DurationHabitation

Surface Power andResource Utilization

Pre-PositionedPropellants

The Human: anEssential Element

of theSystem of Systems

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Project Constellation Acquisition Spirals

Spiral nth?

04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2004 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

VisionVision

• CEV Init Flt• 1st Launch Lunar Robotic Orbiter

1st Crewed CEV Flt

1st Human Moon Mission

1st UncrewedCEV Flt

Mars (2020+)

Mars (2020+)

Spiral Nth

Systems Engineering

Critical Milestones Non-advocacy ReviewsIndependent Cost Reviews

Crewed Space Flight in LEO

Crewed Space Flight in LEO

Moon:

Ext. Duration

(2015-2020)

Moon:

Ext. Duration

(2015-2020)

Spiral 1

Spiral 2

Level 0, 1…

Requirements

Requirements

Level 0, 1…

System Demonstration

System Integration

DesignReadiness Review

CB

SRR SFR PDR CDR

System Demonstration

System Integration

DesignReadiness Review

CB

SRRSRR SFRSFR PDRPDR CDRCDR

Tech Maturation for

Spiral insertion

Tech Maturation for

Spiral insertion

Production &Deployment

Operations& SupportSystem

IntegrationSystem

Demonstration

System Development and DemonstrationDesign

ReadinessReview

FRPDecision

TechnologyDevelopment

OT&E

Concept Refinement

ConceptDecision

Production &Deployment

Operations& SupportSystem

IntegrationSystem

Demonstration

System Development and DemonstrationDesign

ReadinessReview

FRPDecision

TechnologyDevelopment

OT&E

Production &Deployment

Operations& SupportSystem

IntegrationSystem

Demonstration

System Development and DemonstrationDesign

ReadinessReview

FRPDecision

TechnologyDevelopment

OT&E

Concept Refinement

ConceptDecision

ProgramInitiation

Production &Deployment

Operations& SupportSystem

IntegrationSystem

Demonstration

System Development and DemonstrationDesign

ReadinessReview

FRPDecision

TechnologyDevelopment

OT&E

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Development Programs Status

• Constellation Systems– Request for Information (RFI) released to industry, government, academia - completed– BAA for Concept Exploration & Refinement (CE&R) – selections completed

• Preliminary concepts for human lunar exploration in 2015-2020• Initial CEV concepts

– RFP for CEV Spiral 1 - release planned for Mar 2005– Determination of “System Integrator” strategy under study by NRC

• Project Prometheus (Nuclear Power and Propulsion Technologies)– Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) program strategy realigned with Constellation systems– Nuclear power / propulsion Level I requirements completed, Linked to Constellation – RFP for follow-on JIMO development released – award expected in Sep 2004

• Competition between three prime contractors – continued competition being pursued– Secretary of Energy tasked Office of Naval Reactors (NR) to support Project Prometheus

• Human & Robotic Technologies (H&RT)– Advanced Space Technology & Technology Maturation Programs

• Intramural (NASA Centers) competition for technology projects completed• Industry BAA for H & RT System-of-System technologies – first down-select completed• Follow-on BAA for H & RT Gap-filling technologies planned for Jan 2005

– FY 2004 SBIR / STTR contract awards for phase 1 projects underway

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RFP / CEV Spiral 1

Near-Term Acquisition Strategy

FY 05Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

FY 04Q3 Q4

FY 08Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

FY 06Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

FY 07Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Iteration: 1 2 3 4

CEV Level 2

Industry Support

BAA / Tech Maturation / ASTPAwardRelease

System-of-Systems Technologies

Gap-filler Technologies

BAA

BAA

AwardRelease

CE&R BAA

AwardRelease Exercise Option

Release Center Tasks

CEV Level 1

BAA / Project Constellation – Concept Exploration & Refinement

RFI / Exploration Systems

Government Requirements Development

CEV RFP

Awd

2008 Demo Dev/Spiral 1 (2014 Manned Flight) Preliminary Design Contractor A

MS B - Program Initiation

2008 Demo Dev/Spiral 1 (2014 Manned Flight) Preliminary Design Contractor B

Rel

Detailed Design & Dev

SRR SDR PDR

System of Systems Integrator - Acquisition Strategy in Work

CEV Launch Vehicle - Acquisition Strategy in Work

MS A

IntramuralCall for Proposals

Draft Final

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International Involvement

• Key Objective– Develop a sustained and affordable space exploration program utilizing

international space agencies and industry participation to achieve breakthroughs in technologies and space exploration

• Doing Business Differently– NASA International Coordination Team will define international strategy– Adopt lessons learned from a variety of international cooperation models – Identification and procurement of “best value” alternatives from international

industry and government– Deviation to H&RT BAA to allow direct funding by NASA to foreign researchers

• Working with Foreign Partners and Industry– Farnborough International, UK–July 2004

• Met with foreign partners and spoke to international industry

– International Astronautical Congress, Vancouver, Canada-October 2004• Follow-up meetings with partners to continue to gauge interest

– NASA International Exploration Workshop, Washington, DC-November 2004• Meet with a wide array of international space agencies to assess capabilities and next

steps for cooperation

Office of Exploration Systems

We’re not where we want to be, We’re not where we’re going to be,BUT we’re certainly not where we were yesterday.

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Preparing for Mars Exploration

• Moon as a test bed to reduce risk for future human Mars missions

• Technology advancement reduces mission costs and supportsexpanded human exploration

• Systems testing and technology test beds to develop reliability in harsh environments.

• Expand mission and science surface operations experience and techniques

• Human and machine collaboration: Machines serve as an extension of human explorers, together achieving more than either can do alone

• Breaking the bonds of dependence on Earth: (e.g./Life Science/Closed loop life support tests)

• Power generation and propulsion development and testing• Common investments in hardware systems for Moon, Mars and other

space objectives

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Effects of Radiation

• Carcinogenesis

• Synergistic effects with microgravity or environmental factors

• Late degenerative tissue effects

Physiological Changes

• Carcinogenesis due to immune system changes

• Occurrence of serious cardiac dysrhythmia

• Acceleration of age-related osteoporosis

• Manifestation of previously asymptomatic cardiovascular disease

• Toxic exposure

Behavior and Performance Problems

• Disorientation and inability to perform landing, egress, or other physical tasks, especially during/after G-level changes

• Poor psychosocial adaptation

• Sleep & circadian rhythm problems

Medical Practice Problems

• Trauma & acute medical problems

• Illness & ambulatory health problems, renal stone formation

• Toxic exposure

The Human System: Types of Biomedical Risks Being Evaluated

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Sustaining the Vision

• How do you sustain the funding and support for the Vision during 30 budget cycles, 8 presidential elections, and many congresses?

– Have a united front from Internal NASA, Industry, Academia, Researchers, Scientific and Engineering Communities

– Develop clear and consistent messages

– Engage broader communities

– Deliver on commitments / responsible stewards of taxpayer $$

– Educate, inspire, and motivate the public

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• It is affordable and sustainable – Paced by experience, technology readiness and flexibility

– Establishing Stepping Stones

– Developing Building Blocks – technology to enable each successive steps

– Employing New Approaches – spiral development – build and test

– Fiscal Acquisition Management – Disciplined

• It is focused and achievable– Responds to the nation’s call for a long term space vision

– We have an integrated agency approach

– We have the talent, experience and leadership – recent successes and demonstrated management reforms

– We have the passion and commitment to succeed

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One Step at a Time