Exploration and Conquest

Christopher Columbus: Hero or Not?

World History Recap • The “Calamitous” 14th Century

– The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) between England and France • Who will control Europe? • Where will they get the resources to dominate?

– The Black Death • One-third of Europe’s population dead • Decline in workforce lead to greater reliance on

technology • Decline in the popularity of the Catholic Church

– Priests couldn’t save the dying

– Papal Schism leads to Reformation • Martin Luther – with the help of the printing

press – challenges the Catholic Church’s authority

• Individual understanding of the Bible • Religious wars follow

Exploration – Using Primary and Secondary Sources

• Primary Sources contemporary account

• Secondary Sources use primary sources to retell events

• Which is more reliable?

Exploration – Using Primary and Secondary Sources

• Why explore? • The simple answer is the “Three G’s”

– God – Gold – Glory

• But there is more to it than that! • We will use primary and secondary sources to

investigate WHY people would risk their lives to look for something they weren’t even sure existed!

Exploration – Using Primary and Secondary Sources

• With your group: – Examine your document. – Determine whether it is a primary or secondary

source. – Read the source and record answers to the Analysis

Questions on your own paper. • Answer them on your own to start even if you aren’t

sure…go back over the source to find support. • THEN collaborate with your group and add to (or take away

from) your answers.

– Your group will be responsible for: • Summarizing your document • Discussing what you have found in your documents

regarding European motivations for exploration!

Synthesizing Our Information American History I – Exploration and Conquest

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Synthesizing Our Information American History I – Exploration and Conquest

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Economic • Mercantilism gov’ts wanted gold and silver thru trade (needed colonies for raw materials) • Wars in Europe were expensive (England was broke) and raw materials were scarce need for bigger and stronger navy • Expanding trade to new places (new markets) • MONEY! (I’m rich!) Spanish conquistadors looking for El Dorado

Social • Navigation technology improved (mapmaking, astrolabe, new sails) encouraged curiosity • Tensions between Protestants and Catholics (and Christians and Muslims) • Disease and poor harvests led to rioting in England • Get rid of trouble-makers (poor, criminals, religious minorities, etc.)

Political • European powers were competing for power • European powers were looking for Christian allies on other continents • Acquire new territory’s (build an empire) England needed to do it the cheap way by relying on joint-stock companies to establish colonies • Decrease reliance on their neighbors for goods/increase their neighbor’s reliance on THEM

Homework

• Complete Part 1 of the Exploration and Conquest Map

1. Use the provided map to complete the following:

• Identify and label England, France, Spain and Portugal.

• Identify and label Africa.

• Create a key assigning a color to each country.

• Identify colonial territories in the Americas and lightly shade those areas in the same color as the European power which conquered it.

Homework Check

Recap American History I – Exploration and Conquest

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Economic • Mercantilism gov’ts wanted gold and silver thru trade (needed colonies for raw materials) • Wars in Europe were expensive (England was broke) and raw materials were scarce need for bigger and stronger navy • Expanding trade to new places (new markets) • MONEY! (I’m rich!) Spanish conquistadors looking for El Dorado

Social • Navigation technology improved (mapmaking, astrolabe, new sails) encouraged curiosity • Tensions between Protestants and Catholics (and Christians and Muslims) • Disease and poor harvests led to rioting in England • Get rid of trouble-makers (poor, criminals, religious minorities, etc.)

Political • European powers were competing for power • European powers were looking for Christian allies on other continents • Acquire new territory’s (build an empire) England needed to do it the cheap way by relying on joint-stock companies to establish colonies • Decrease reliance on their neighbors for goods/increase their neighbor’s reliance on THEM

Exploration – Using Primary and Secondary Sources

• What are the impacts of exploration?

• Keep in mind that Christopher Columbus “discovered” the New World the same way a stranger might “discover” your house!

• We will use primary and secondary sources to investigate WHAT impact European explorers had on this New World

Exploration – Using Primary and Secondary Sources

• With your group: – Examine your document.

– Determine whether it is a primary or secondary source.

– Read the source and record answers to the Analysis Questions on your own paper. • Answer them on your own to start even if you aren’t sure…go

back over the source to find support.

• THEN collaborate with your group and add to (or take away from) your answers.

– Your group will be responsible for: • Summarizing your document

• Discussing what you have found in your documents regarding what impact European exploration had on the New World!

Synthesizing Our Information American History I – Exploration and Conquest

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Synthesizing Our Information American History I – Exploration and Conquest

• Native Americans had no concept of private land ownership can’t buy…take! • Columbian Exchange new trade goods exchanged between Old and New World (corn, potatoes, cattle, horses) • Europeans extracted gold, silver, etc. (mercantilism) work was done by natives but many died

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• Columbian Exchange new diseases (smallpox) introduced to Americas (led to rapid depopulation – 90% died) • Declining native populations led to a need for more laborers importation of African slaves • Many African slaves died on the Middle Passage (journey from Africa to the Americas)

Social

• Native Americans had governments built on peace and defense • Many European slave traders bartered for slaves using crops grown in the New World (cloth, rum, etc. in exchange for slaves) Triangular Trade created opposition among Europeans, Africans and the Americas

Political

Homework

• Complete Parts 2-5 of the Exploration and Conquest Map

2. Select a new color and trace the pattern of the Columbian Exchange.

• Add the Columbian Exchange to your key.

• Identify at least four items that were traded in both directions.

3. Select a new color and trace the pattern of the Triangle Trade.

• Add the Triangle Trade to your key.

• Identify the items that were traded along these routes.

4. Identify and label the following Native American tribes/empires:

• Inca

• Aztec

• Iroquois

• Seminole

• Cherokee

• Powhatan

5. Label Jamestown and Plymouth.

Columbian Exchange

Triangular Trade