Expert Systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

By the end of this topic you should be able to:

explain what is meant by an expert system

describe the components of an expert system

describe the applications of an expert system

EXPERT SYSTEMS

In everyday life:

EXPERT SYSTEMS

In everyday life: humans interpret information to gain

knowledge

EXPERT SYSTEMS

In everyday life: humans interpret information to gain

knowledge this knowledge is used as the basis for making

decisions

EXPERT SYSTEMS

In everyday life: humans interpret information to gain

knowledge this knowledge is used as the basis for making

decisions

An expert system is:

EXPERT SYSTEMS

In everyday life: humans interpret information to gain

knowledge this knowledge is used as the basis for making

decisions

An expert system is: a computer program, used to help with a decision

making process

EXPERT SYSTEMS

In everyday life: humans interpret information to gain

knowledge this knowledge is used as the basis for making

decisions

An expert system is: a computer program, used to help with a decision

making process

aka rules-based system, knowledge system

AN EXPERT SYSTEM IS:

AN EXPERT SYSTEM: Is a computer program Is made up of a set of rules Analyses information about a specific type of

problem. Tries to solve a problem in the same way as a

human expert has a narrow range of expertise gives answers to questions asks questions based on previous responses can show how it reached conclusions can learn from experience (heuristic)

Is based on probabilities, not certainties Based on research into Artificial Intelligence (AI)

EXPERT SYSTEM - DEFINITION

has three components:

EXPERT SYSTEM - 3 COMPONENTS

knowledge base set of rules consists of If...Then… rules e.g. IF it is raining THEN I need to take an umbrella

with me

EXPERT SYSTEM - 3 COMPONENTS

knowledge base set of rules consists of If...Then… rules e.g. IF it is raining THEN I need to take an umbrella

with me

inference engine evaluates data against the knowledge base to provide a conclusion

EXPERT SYSTEM - 3 COMPONENTS knowledge base

set of rules consists of If...Then… rules e.g. IF it is raining THEN I need to take an umbrella

with me

inference engine evaluates data against the knowledge base to provide a conclusion

user interface displays questions to be completed by the operator displays conclusions as output

EXAMPLES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS

EXAMPLES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS weather forecasting

EXAMPLES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS weather forecasting fault diagnosis

electrical goods, cars

EXAMPLES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS weather forecasting fault diagnosis

electrical goods, cars medical diagnosis

diagnose blood infections, identify tumours

EXAMPLES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS weather forecasting fault diagnosis

electrical goods, cars medical diagnosis

diagnose blood infections, identify tumours facial recognition

EXAMPLES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS weather forecasting fault diagnosis

electrical goods, cars medical diagnosis

diagnose blood infections, identify tumours facial recognition careers advice

EXAMPLES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS weather forecasting fault diagnosis

electrical goods, cars medical diagnosis

diagnose blood infections, identify tumours facial recognition careers advice credit scoring

identifying whether or not an individual should be granted credit

EXAMPLES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS weather forecasting fault diagnosis

electrical goods, cars medical diagnosis

diagnose blood infections, identify tumours facial recognition careers advice credit scoring

identifying whether or not an individual should be granted credit

financial planning what if we …..?”

ADVANTAGES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS Expert advice available all the time Knowledge of expert staff can be captured to

some extent before they move on. Can be used as a training aid to increase the

expertise of staff Makes rational decisions without any emotional

overhead Does not get tired or overworked. Efficient way of getting answers as it does not

involve additional help staff e.g. automated help systems

Natural language interface would make the expert system more human friendly

DISADVANTAGES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS Usually only covers a narrow range of knowledge A lot of effort and cost has to go into making a

good expert system Not as good as having human experts to hand. Most expert systems are menu driven which does

not deal very well with ambiguous problems. Advanced interfaces such as natural language

processing still has some way to go before they are truly effective.

Does not learn from mistakes unless user feedback and human maintenance is part of its ongoing development

Unlikely to come up with creative solutions

TASK – MIND MAP

Create a mind Map on expert systems, including the following information:

Three components of an expert system the advantages and disadvantages for a

given application Add images to support your information and

make it interesting for the reader!