expert group 2: vehicle classification: overview of the work

Expert Group 2: Vehicle Classification: Overview of the work

Working for DGTREN in support ofthe Comité Télépéage

October 2004

Expert Group on Vehicle Classification Slide 2

Overview

Scope of the work

Background

Guiding Principles

A cost effective solution for operators and users

Applying the parameters to appropriate vehicles

Collection, maintenance and certification of the classification data


Scope - 1

Context EFC Directive 2004/52/EC on interoperability of electronic road toll

systems in the Community European Electronic Toll Service (EETS) to be defined - target July

2006 Group established by the European Commission Task

To provide recommendations on vehicle parameters to be stored in OBUs designed to support the EETS

Output: Recommendations to the Commission for presentation and discussion at the EFC Expert Group

Seven experts involved, selected by the European Commission from the former project ADVICE and from comments provided by EFC Expert Group in early 2004


Scope - 2

Must have no impact on national tarification schemes Must be independent of OBU technology Group restricted to vehicle characteristics Does not cover any parameters required for variations

in tariff of a contractual nature:- Use being made of the vehicle (e.g. emergency vehicles) Load carried by the vehicle (e.g. local industry) Characteristics of the driver (e.g. disabled person) Characteristics of the journey (e.g. origin/destination)

Group concerned with characteristics which are required by some road toll systems to be declared

Not concerned with characteristics which are always measured at the point of charging

Seeking a cost effective solution Bearing in mind that most schemes use measured characteristics All issuers of OBUs intended for use with the EETS will be

expected to enter the required parameters.


Background - current situation

Countries define their own classes and tariffs for charging

Directive 2004/52/CE does not modify anything in the charging schemes of the Member

States; and does not restrict their freedom

Wide variations in vehicle classes used Methods of classification

Measured manual observation automatic measurement

Declared parameters/vehicle class stored in the OBU parameters/vehicle class stored in the central system

Most operators use measured characteristics


Background - Future situation

Existing systems are evolving e.g. impact of vehicle design on “height above first axle” Trend towards free-flow systems creates difficulties for some

existing classification schemes New charging systems are being introduced

e.g. Switzerland, Germany, UK New charging policies being encouraged

e.g. Draft Eurovignette directive refers to “road friendly suspension”.

Involves the use of new classification criteria e.g. Weight of the vehicle

OBUs will increasingly be designed to be used in several countries

They will need all the information required for systems in these countries

Operators will need to be confident that the declared classification parameters are correct


Consequence for interoperability

The OBUs for the EETS needs to contain all the information required by operators using declared parameters

Not feasible to harmonise the tariff classes across Europe

Therefore focus on common vehicle characteristics Two step process

Derive the characteristics Assign the vehicle to a tariff class

Focus on agreement of characteristics

Glossary of terms


Guiding Principles

Subsidiarity the operator remains free to define tariff classes the operator remains free to define the method of classification

The EETS will be an additional service to that provided locally

All users must be treated equally in a Member State Users are free to take advantage of the local or

European service The vehicle characteristics must be cost-effective to

collect, protect and maintain Aim for a minimum common set of vehicle characteristics Recognise that not all local tariff classes can be supported Provide some features for local use


A cost effective solution for operators and users

Conflicting requirements Inclusion of all potential parameters gives flexibility, but means

that the OBU needs to be configured for every vehicle. Difficulty and cost for existing operators is unacceptable

Pre-configured OBUs are cheaper to distribute and maintain But, they do not offer adequate assurance of characteristics for

heavy vehicles

Need to define a minimum set of parameters To reduce the administrative burden

Criteria for selecting parameters (ISO 14906) Already in use by some operators Stable - in terms of the value of the parameter during the

operation of the vehicle Feasible to collect and verify in a cost-effective manner


Applying the parameters to appropriate vehicles - 1

Leads to two situations Light vehicles

Pre-configured OBUs Minimal vehicle information

Heavy vehicles Personalised OBUs Full set of selected parameters


Definition of appropriate vehicles

Defined vehicle groups according to the need for personalisation

Used UNECE vehicle categories Internationally recognised Included in vehicle registration documents Defines passenger and goods vehicles

Used 3.5 tonne weight limit Lower limit for charging HGVs in the EFC Directive

Stored in “Vehicle class” attribute for use by operators in determining whether the full set of parameters is available

This is a data element formally defined in ISO 14906 - it is not used here as a Tariff Class


Vehicles in use (EU15) in 2001

Vehicle type

Cars 184 million 87.5%

Commercial Vehicles ≤ 3.5 tonnes

21 million 10.0%

Commercial Vehicles >3.5 tonnes

4.8 million 2.3%

Buses 0.5 million 0.2%

Total 210 million 100%

97.5% of vehicles would have a pre-configured OBU


Vehicle groups

Group Description Characteristics UNECE class

0 Motorcycles 2 or 3 wheels L

1 Small passenger vehicles Seats ≤ 8 + driver M1 (See note 1)

2 Light goods vehicles Weight ≤ 3.5 t N1 (See note 2)

3 Large passenger vehicles Seats > 8 + driver M2, M3 (See note 3)

4 Heavy goods vehicles Weight > 3.5 t N2, N3

5 Not used

6 Not used

7 Other vehicles

Note 1: Assumed to be ≤3.5 tonnes, otherwise assigned to group 7

Note 2: Assumed to have 2 axles, otherwise the vehicle is assigned to group 7

Note 3: Note that a few of these vehicles may be ≤3.5 tonnes

Do not try to match against your

tariff classes!


Proposal for parameters

Light vehicles Vehicle class

Trailer switch (0-1) European vehicle group (1-7) Local vehicle group (1-15)

Heavy vehicles Vehicle class

Trailer switch (0-1) European vehicle group (1-7) Local vehicle group (1-15)

Number of axles on the tractor unit (fixed) and trailer (declared) Maximum laden weight of the drive unit Maximum laden weight of the vehicle train Euro value Vehicle Licence Plate Vehicle suspension type


Optional parameters

We recognise that the minimum set may not cover all national services

Optional parameters are intended to support services which exceed the basic EETS service

We recommend that OBUs for the EETS are able to support the use of these parameters.

Appropriate where operators offer variations in tariff based on these parameters

Agreement of operators and issuers involved is required. Enables contract issuers to offer the inclusion of these parameters

where this will offer benefits. to the user to the operator


Parameters (according to ISO 14906)

0,1 and 2 3-7 Light vehicles Heavy

vehicles OBU

exchangeable between vehicles

OBU not exchangeable between vehicles

Trailer presence √ (See note 1) √ Vehicle group (0-7) √ √

Vehicle class

Local vehicle group (0-15)

local use by the issuer

local use by the issuer

Vehicle axles Number of axles preset to 2 √ Vehicle licence plate Vehicle licence plate optional √

Maximum laden weight of drive unit

n/a √ Vehicle weight limits

Maximum laden weight of the vehicle train

n/a √

Euro class optional √ Type of fuel optional n/a

Vehicle specific characteristics Vehicle suspension type

(Not defined yet in 14906) n/a Could be

supported

Note 1: Means that the trailer presence has to be correctly declared. For vehicles which may have different configurations, it will be necessary to dynamically declare the trailer by means of a HMI functionality, automatic device or other means.


Collection, maintenance and certification of the classification data

Data lifecycle


Crucial questions to be answered

Who is authorised to store data in the OBU? How is the classification parameter data in the OBU

protected? How should the EFC operator certify the data he wants

to use in case he does not trust the holder of the OBU, e.g. the driver.

The results will be passed to CESARE III for confirmation and inclusion in the proposed contractual arrangements


Two types of classification data

Permanent classification data Very seldom changed Loaded by authorised (trusted) entity Protected by different security measures Certified by measurement or other methods, e.g. electronic

signatures Dynamic classification data

May often be changed Loaded by anyone with access to the OBU Will not be protected Certified by measurement


Additional material

Practical examples Justification for choice of parameters Response to comments received from Member States

The end


Vehicles characteristics defined in ISO 14906

Attribute[EN ISO 14906]

Data Element Description

Vehicle Class VehicleClass The vehicle class field as defined by CARDME

Vehicle Dimensions

VehicleLengthOverall Nominal maximum overall length, in dm.

VehicleHeightOverall Nominal overall unladen height, in dm.

VehicleWidthOverall Nominal overall width, in dm

Vehicle Axles VehicleFirstAxleHeight Bonnet height, measured over the front axle, in dm.

VehicleAxlesNumber Number of axles (including drop axles) plus presence of dual tyres

Vehicle Licence Plate Number

VehicleLicencePlateNumber Declared licence plate of the vehicle

Vehicle Weight Limits

VehicleMaxLadenWeight Maximum permissible total weight including payload in 100kg units.

VehicleTrainMaximumWeight Maximum permissible weight of the complete vehicle train.

VehicleWeightUnladen Nominal unladen weight.

Vehicle Specific Characteristics

VehicleSpecificCharacteristics EnvironmentalCharacteristics: EuroClass (Euro Emission Class)CopValue (COP-Emission Code)

EngineCharacteristics (leaded/unleaded Petrol, Diesel, LPG, ..)DescriptiveCharacteristics (Vehicle shape).


Members of Expert Group 2: Vehicle Classification

Name Affiliation

Joel Bomier ASF, France

Trond Foss SINTEF, Norway

Paolo Giorgi AUTOSTRADE, Italy

Mike Hollingsworth ACEA, European

Bernhard Oehry Rapp Trans, Switzerland

Joao Pecegueiro BRISA, Portugal

Ken Perrett Rapp UK, UK


Glossary of terms

Term Meaning

Vehicle Characteristic

Quantifiable attribute of the vehicle, such as height, weight, number of axles, fuel type.

Value True value of the specific vehicle characteristic

Vehicle Parameter Value of the characteristic as stored within the OBU. It should, but may not be the (correct) Value.

Declared vehicle parameter

Value of the specified characteristic as stored in the parameter within the OBU and offered in response to a request from the charging equipment.

Declared vehicle characteristics

Normally meant to be the same as the declared vehicle parameter in the context where these are expected to be the same.

Tariff Class Group of vehicles attracting the same tariff

Vehicle Group Grouping of vehicles based on vehicle type and weight allowing operators to efficiently identify those having stored characteristics on the OBU.

expert group 2: vehicle classification: overview of the work

Documents

vehicle classification

vehicle parameters

vehicle characteristicsdoes

required parameters

impact of vehicle design

tariff classes

classification datascope

charging schemes