experiment no 3(i) demonstration of use and care of hand tools..pdf

A U T O M O B I L E T R A D E P R A C T I C E P a g e | 1

AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT L.J.POLYTECHNIC, AHMEDABAD

EXPERIMENT NO: 3DEMONSTRATION OF USE & CARE OF HAND TOOLS.A hand tool is any tool that is not a power tool that is, one powered by hand (manual

labour) rather than by an engine. Some examples of hand tools are hammers, spanners, pliers,screwdrivers and chisels. Hand tools are generally less dangerous than power tools.

WRENCHESWrench is a tool used to provide a mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn bolts,

nuts or other hard-to-turn items. Plier Wrench

Plier wrench used for turning soft iron pipes and fittings with a rounded surface.They arenot intended for use on hard hex nuts because they would ruin the head.The design of theadjustable jaw allows it to rock in the frame, such that any forward pressure on the handletends to pull the jaws tighter together.They are usually made of either steel or aluminum. Adjustable Wrench

An open-ended wrench with adjustable (usually smooth) jaws, also sometimes called bythe original patent holder's brand name as a Crescent Wrench (Crescent Tool and HorseshoeCompany). Open end wrench

Wrench with a U-shaped opening that grips two opposite faces of the bolt or nut.Itsoften double-ended, with a different-sized opening at each end. The ends are generallyoriented at an angle of around 15 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the handle to allow greaterrange of movement in enclosed spaces. Ring Spanner wrench

One-piece wrench with an enclosed opening that grips the faces of the bolt or nut. Therecess is generally a six-point or twelve-point opening for use with nuts or bolt heads with ahexagonal shape.The twelve-point fits onto the fastening at twice as many angles, anadvantage where swing is limited. Eight-point wrenches are also made for square-shaped nutsand bolt heads.Ring spanners are often double-ended and usually with offset handles toimprove access to the nut or bolt.

Fig. 3.1 : Plier Wrench

Fig. 3.2 : Adjustable Wrench

Fig. 3.3 : Open end Wrench

Fig. 3.4 : Ring Spanner



HAMMERHammer is a tool meant to deliver an impact to an object. The most common uses are for

driving nails, fitting parts, and breaking up objects. Claw Hammer

A tool is primarily used for pounding nails into, or extricating nails from, some otherobject. Geologist Hammer

A geologist hammer used to obtain a fresh surface of a rock in order to determine itscomposition, nature, mineralogy and history.In fossil hunting, they are employed to break rockswith the aim of discovering fossils inside. Upholstery Hammer

An upholstery hammer used for securing upholstery fabric to furniture frames usingtacks.Wooden Mallet

A wooden mallet used in carpentry to knock wooden pieces together, or to drive dowelsor chisels. A wooden mallet will not deform the striking end of a metal tool, as most metalhammers would, but it also reduces the force available to drive the cutting edge of a chisel. Sledge Hammer

A tool that consists of a large, flat head attached to a lever (or handle).The head istypically made of metal.The sledgehammer can apply more impulse than other hammers due toits large size. Ballpen Hammer

Its a one type of peening hammer used in metal working.

Fig. 3.5 : Claw Hammer

Fig. 3.6 : Geologist Hammer

Fig. 3.7 : Upholstery Hammer

Fig. 3.8 : SledgeHammer

Fig. 3.9 : Ball-penHammer



SAWSaw is a tool that uses a hard blade or wire with an abrasive edge to cut through softer

materials. The cutting edge of a saw is either serrated blade or an abrasive. A saw may beworked by hand, or powered by steam, water, electric or other Power. Hand Saw

Hand saw also known as "panel saws", are used to cut pieces of wood into differentshapes. They usually operate by having a series of sharp points of some substance that is harderthan the wood being cut. Hack Saw

Hack saw used for cutting metal or bones.On the push stroke, the arch will bend a little,releasing the tension on the blade.The blade is normally quite brittle, so care needs to be takento prevent brittle fracture of the blade. Back Saw

Its having a stiffening rib on the edge opposite the cutting edge, allowing for bettercontrol and more precise cutting than with other types of saws.Backsaws are normally used forprecise work, such as cutting dovetails, miters, or tensions in cabinetry and joinery.Because thestiffener is thicker than the blade, the backsaws are limited in the depth to which they can cut.

Fig. 3.10 : Hand Saw

Fig. 3.11 : Hack Saw

Fig. 3.12 : Back Saw



PLIERPliers are hand tools, designed primarily for gripping objects by using leverage pliers are

designed for numerous purposes and sometimes require different jaw configurations to grip,turn, pull, or clamp a variety of things. Long Nose Gripping Pliers

Needle-nose pliers (also known as long-nose pliers, pinch-nose pliers or snipe-nose pliers)are both cutting and holding pliers used by artisans, jewellery designers, electricians and othertradesmen to bend, re-position and cut wire. Their namesake long nose gives excellent controlwhile the cutting edge near the pliers' joint provides "one-tool" convenience. Because of theirlong shape they are useful for reaching into small areas where cables or other materials havebecome stuck or unreachable with fingers or other means. Locking Pliers

Locking pliers, Mole grips (Mole wrench) or Vise-Grips are pliers that can be locked intoposition, using an over-center action. One side of the handle includes a bolt that is used toadjust the spacing of the jaws, the other side of the handle (especially in larger models) oftenincludes a lever to push the two sides of the handles apart to unlock the pliers. "Mole" and"Vise-Grip" are trade names of different brands of locking pliers.

Locking pliers are available in many different configurations, such as needle-nose lockingpliers, locking wrenches, locking clamps and various shapes to fix metal parts for welding. Theyalso come in many sizes. Diagonal Pliers or Side Cutters

Diagonal pliers or wire cutters or diagonal cutting pliers, are wire-cutting pliers (thoughthey are not used to grab or turn anything, but are used to cut wire).They are sometimes calledside cutting pliers or side cutters, although these terms are shared by other pliers designs andmay lead to confusion.

The plane defined by the cutting edges of the jaws intersects the joint rivet at an angle or"on a diagonal", hence the name.Instead of using a shearing action as with scissors, they cut byindenting and wedging the wire apart.

The jaw edges are ground to a symmetrical "V" shape, thus the two jaws can bevisualized to form the letter "X", as seen end-on when fully occluded.The pliers are made oftempered steel and inductive heating and quenching is often used to selectively harden thejaws.



Flat Nose PliersFlat nose pliers are simple type of pliers which can also use for hold the object firmly.

Round Nose PliersRound nose pliers, rosary pliers or snub-nose pliers are a specialized plier characterized

by their rounded, tapering jaws and most commonly used for creating loops in pieces of wire byand tightening terminals on pink light switches electricians and jewellers.[1] Some round nosepliers have insulated handles for safe electrical work, a spring-fitted joint and comfortable gripson the handles. Special Purpose Pliers Crimping Pliers

For crimping electrical terminals and connectors (solder less connections). For crimpingmetal rings or tags on livestock. For crimping metal security seals on cargo carriers. Forcrimping an impression on a document - as in a notary's seal. For crimping laboratory vials. Forcrimping bottles with sprayer tops, such as perfume bottles. Special Purpose Pliers Wire Stripping Plier

Wire-stripping pliers - cuts and removes insulation on electrical wire while leaving thewire intact. Combination or Linemans Pliers

Lineman's pliers (US English), also called combination pliers and commonly referred to inthe USA as Kleins after a brand name, are a type of pliers used by electricians and othertradesmen for gripping small objects, to cut and bend wire and cable.

Lineman's pliers have a gripping joint at their snub nose, and cutting edge in their craw,and insulating handle grips that reduce (but do not eliminate) the risk of electric shock fromcontact with live wires (versions with properly tested and guaranteed insulation in two colors tomake faults visible are also available.

Some versions include either an additional gripping or crimping device at the crux of thehandle side of the pliers' joint. Lineman's pliers typically are machined from and the twohandles precisely joined with a heavy-duty rivet that maintains the pliers' accuracy even afterrepeated use under extreme force on heavy-gauge wire. Fencing Pliers

Pliers that include a hammer, wire cutter and nail puller.

Fig. 3.13 : Long NoseGripping Plier

Fig. 3.14 :Diagonal Plier

Fig. 3.13 : Long NoseGripping Plier

Fig. 3.14 :Diagonal Plier

Fig. 3.15 : Locking Plier

Fig. 3.16 : Flat Nose Plier

Fig. 3.17 : Round Nose Plier

Fig. 3.18 : Special Purpose - Crimping Plier

Fig. 3.19 : Special Purpose Wire Stripping Plier

Fig. 3.20 : Combination orLinemans Plier

Fig. 3.21 : Fencing Plier



SCREWDRIVERScrewdriver is a device specifically designed to insert and tighten, or to loosen and

remove, screws. Basic Screwdriver

Has a flat almost chisel ended tip. Philips Screwdriver

Has a "+"-shaped slot and is driven by a cross-head screwdriver, designed originally foruse with mechanical screwing machines.The Phillips screw driver has slightly rounded corners inthe tool recess to cause driver to cam out to prevent over tightening. Torx Screwdriver

Characterized by a 6-point star-shaped pattern. If Phillips heads were designed to causethe driver to cam out, to prevent over-tightening, TORX heads were designed to prevent it. Hex or Allen

It is a tool used to drive screws and bolts that have a hexagonal socket in the head. Robertson

It is a one type of screwdriver with a square-shaped tip.

Fig. 3.21 : BasicScrewdriver

Fig. 3.22 : PhilipsScrewdriver

Fig. 3.23 : TorxScrewdriver

Fig. 3.24 : Hex orAllen

Fig. 3.25 : Robertson



CLAMPSClamp is a tool with opposing, often adjustable sides or parts for bracing objects or

holding them together. It is an essential fastening device to hold objects tightly together so thatit can prevent movement or separation while applying inward pressure. C Clamps

Consist of a "C" shaped frame into which an adjustable screw is assembled.The size of a"C" clamp is measured by its capacity, which is measured by the dimension of the largestobject, the frame can accommodate with the screw fully extended. Bar Clamps

Bar clamps have a clamping device built on a bar made usually of steel.The length of thebar determines the capacity of the clamp, which is the dimension of the largest object that canbe accommodated between its clamping jaws.Screw pressure applies the final clamping load. Spring Clamps

Spring clamp is two metal jaws to which clamping pressure is applied by use of a steelspring. Edging Clamps

Edging clamps are used for installing molding and trim on furniture, countertops etc.Theyare also used for holding work at right angles, welding or soldering.

Fig. 3.26 : C Clamp Fig. 3.27 : Bar Clamp

Fig. 3.28 : SpringClamp

Fig. 3.29 : EdgeClamp



CHISELChisel is a tool with characteristically shaped cutting edge of blade on its end, for carving

and/or cutting a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal.The handle and blade of sometypes of chisel are made of metal or wood with a sharp edge in it.In use, the chisel is forced intothe material to cut the material. The driving force may be manually applied or applied using amallet or hammer.In industrial use, a hydraulic ram or falling weight (trip hammer) drives thechisel into the material to be cut. FILE

A file is a metalworking, woodworking and plastic working tool used to cut fine amountsof material from a work piece. It most commonly refers to the hand tool style, which takes theform of a steel bar with a case hardened surface and a series of sharp, parallel teeth. Most fileshave a narrow, pointed tang at one end to which a handle can be fitted.

A similar tool is the rasp. This is an older form, with simpler teeth. As they have largerclearance between teeth, these are usually used on softer, non-metallic materials.

Related tools have been developed with abrasive surfaces, such as diamondabrasives or silicon carbide. Because of their similar form and function, these have also beentermed 'files'.

Fig. 3.30 : Chisel

Fig. 3.31 : File

experiment no 3(i) demonstration of use and care of hand tools..pdf

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