experiences forbuild back better” - jica · saved the village in 2011 source: ... a baby rescued...

Sharing Recovery & Reconstruction Experiences forBuild Back Better”

- Solidarity, Consensus & Mutual Appreciation -

Satoru NISHIKAWA Ph.D Executive Director of Research, JCADR

Advisory Group to SRSG on the Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk

Reduction Global Agenda Council on Risk and Resilience, World Economic Forum

April 2016

Surprise,

Unexpected,

Tragedy,

Horror,

Sorrow,

Despair,

Rescue,

Relief,

Heartwarming,

Rest,

Calm,

Disappointment,

Frustration,

Agony,

Grief,

Irritation,

Positive,

Revive,

Forward,

Innovation,

Wish,

Will

Criticism,

Non-sense,

Bi-partisan,

Opposition,

Unrealistic,

It is no use crying over spilt milk !

Solidarity, Consensus & Mutual Appreciation + Strong Will

to enable “Build Back Better”

Japanese History is full of Tragedies &

Reconstruction Stories

1896 Meiji-Sanriku

Tsunami killed 22,000

1923 Great Kanto Earthquake

destroyed Tokyo and killed 105,000

Grand Reconstruction Master Plan by

Dr. Shinpei GOTO

Great Watergate of Fudai

saved the village in 2011

Source: Creative Commons

Recent Japanese History is still full of

Tragedies & Reconstruction Stories 1959 Ise-wan typhoon killed 5,098

1995 Hanshi-Awaji(Kobe)

Earthquake killed 6,436

2011 Great East Japan Earthquake

killed 18,455

Courtesy of Tarocho Fisheries Cooperative Association


The Kumamoto earthquake 14 April (M6.5) and

16 April (M7.3) ongoing with numerous aftershocks

(48 killed as of 22 April 2016)

Photos by DRI

Nishikawa’s Real Experience of on-site

governmental coordination in October 2004 Niigata Chuetsu EQ

Niigata Chuetsu

2004.10.23 05.56 pm

Earthquake Magnitude 6.8

Depth 13km

Death: 40

(67 including indirect death)

People injured 4,805

People evacuated Approx. 103,000

Houses damaged

(totally collapsed)

121,809

(3,175)

Fire outbreaks 9

Damage caused by the quake

Photo by Satoru Nishikawa

Response to Changing Situations and

Demands at the Affected Sites

Quake

30 minutes

Emergency calls to the officials in charge

of disaster response who rushed to the

Crisis Management Centre within Prime

Minister’s Office

Setting-up an emergency coordination

team consisting of senior government

officials, headed by the Minister of State for

Disaster Management

Immediate information analysis

Press Briefing soonest

after the quake

An Emergency Survey Team dispatched on the day of the quake

Left Tokyo within 3 hours

after the quake

Helicopter operated by the

Self-Defense Force

11 members from 8 government

organizations and agencies


24 hours

Dispatch of an emergency survey team to

the affected areas

Mobilization of Search and Rescue Teams

Police , Firefighting, Self-Defense Forces

Full-scale search & rescue activities

Nationwide emergency assistance

Emergency medical evacuation

Food & Water

Blankets & Clothes

Prevention of secondary disasters such as landslides

Temporary repairs of infrastructure & lifeline

3 hours

Emergency Response

The Minister of State for Disaster Management lead an on-site survey team on 24 Oct. 2004

Meeting with the Governor Meeting with a Mayor


Setting-up of Gov. HQ for Multi-Sectoral Coordination, chaired by the Minister of

State for Disaster Management

TV conferences with the on-

site support coordination centre

Established 12 Project Teams

consisting of relevant organs to

address emergency needs from

the affected areas

Senior officials from 21 government

organizations and agencies

attending the HQ meetings

21 meetings in 2004


Search & Rescue / Evacuation

A baby rescued by the Hyper- Rescue Team of Tokyo Fire Department, 5 days after the quake

All residents in Yamakoshi Village were evacuated

Rescued over 2,700 people

Rescue activities for the injured


Delivery of Emergency Support Goods

Over 330,000 meals on 24, 25 Oct.

Over 23,000 blankets


Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress as well as Prime Minister KOIZUMI

visited the affected areas Village Mayor


1 months &

thereafter

Improving of the quality of life of evacuees

Hot meals with variety

Public bath service

Mental care against PTSD

Evacuation of elderly & handicapped to tourist hotels

Full-scale recovery of infrastructure &

lifeline

1-3 weeks

From Response to

Recovery & Rehabilitation Phase

Smooth transition to recovery &

rehabilitation phase

Ensuring of housing

Preparations for the coming winter & snow

Recovery of the local economy

Support to isolated and devastated areas

Aftershocks

Magnitude 6.1 on 27 Oct.

Magnitude 5.9 on 8 Nov.

From Response to

Recovery & Rehabilitation Phase

The reality is tough.

In 3 months, temporary housing units were provided.

National budget allocation done.

Less attention to the Niigata Chuetsu earthquake.

On 26 December 2004, the Indian Ocean Tsunami.

No more nationwide public attention to Niigata Chuetsu EQ.

Local leadership is the key.

National Gov’t to support the local leader through technical advice & financial

support.

How to encourage a good local leader to take the initiative to combine positive

actions towards better future.

How to avoid the reconstruction being a “toy of the national political football”

No matter how good a reconstruction plan is, there will always be criticism

in a democratic country.

(A plan with no criticism means that nobody is serious about it.)

The real challenge for Build Back Better starts

after the mass media has left

The fortune of Niigata-Chuetsu Eq reconstruction owes to a

capable mayor and a local leader. (National Government support

stays behind the scenes. The local leaders highlighted.)

Role of local leader : Foster the solidarity & consensus and unite

the residents towards better future.

The successful local leader needs to be paid due respect.

Mayor of City of Nagaoka, Mr. Tamio MORI

Presently the President of all Japan Mayor’s Association.

Has former experience as a bureaucrat at Ministry of

Construction.

Former Mayor of Yamakoshi-village (merged to City of

Nagaoka in 2005) acted as local leader in reconstruction

process. Decided to evacuate all the villagers (2,167) from

Yamakoshi-village and came back after 3years and 2 months.

Later elected as National Parliament member from Niigata.

The former Yamakoshi-village (presently merged to

the city of Nagaoka) is world famous for the breeding

of Colored Carps (swimming jewels) and export.

Photo by ja-echigo

The rice paddies are revived, renowned as

the most delicious rice.


Stubborn strong leadership by Fudai village mayor saved his

decedents in 2011 tsunami.

Great Watergate of Fudai, 15.5m high,

Repelled the tsunami and all villagers

inside was safe. Fudai was hit by the

1896 Meiji-Sanriku tsunami and the

1933 Showa-Sanriku tsunami.

The Watergate was constructed in 1984 at the

strong initiative of the former village mayor Mr.

Kotoku Wamura (1909-1997). At the time of

construction he was criticized for this huge

project but firmly stated that his descendants

should never be killed by tsunami.

His fame is renowned and a explanation board

commemorates his firm decision for risk

reduction.



Reconstruction of Tokyo after 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake

Grand Master Plan by Dr. Shinpei GOTO

Wikimedia commons

On 1 September 1923, the Cabinet was

not formed due to political oppositions.

Shinpei GOTO was one of the big

political figure, a possible prime

minister. However at the news of the

devastation by the EQ, he immediately

volunteered to assist the interim

Cabinet and led the Imperial Capital

Reconstruction Agency.

His plan was initially sharply criticized

as “out scaled” “unrealistic” . His plan

later served as the basic structure of

Tokyo today.

Criticized as

“The big pipe

dreamer”

Source: Cabinet Office, Government of Japan

Signs of Recovery vs Despair in New Orleans

3 months after Hurricane Katrina (December 2005)

Photos taken by Satoru Nishikawa in December 2005

Small signs of recovery Abandoned as it was


New Orleans in Sept. 2006, damaged houses as it was. Can New Orleans revive?

Photo by Masaru Yamaguchi

New Orleans in Sept. 2006, broken glass windows as it was one year ago.


New Orleans in Sept. 2006, families living in trailer houses


Broadmoor improvement association

“better than before”

community based reconstruction

Photo by Masaru Yamaguchi New Orleans in Sept 2006

Consensus building at Broadmoor community level.


Photo by Masaru Yamaguchi New Orleans in Sept 2006

New Orleans Today Population is back, revived to 90%.

The best city for “startup of new business” in USA.

Tourists are back. Hurricane City is another tourist

attraction.

Foundation for Louisiana

Collaborative for Enterprise Development

In September 2005,

Federal Gov’t, Louisiana State Gov’t, City of New Orleans

were in different political parties, which induced various

political frictions.

Community based organizations and Non profit

organizations were means of avoiding “political football”

Photos by Masaru Yamaguchi

Seismic Engineering

Public Acceptance of Value of

Safety

Local architects & masons

Some Elements for Safer Housing

Element1

Element2

Element3

Element6

Element4

Element5

Element9

Element7

Element8

Numerous Efforts are Necessary to “Build Back Better”

All the necessary gears must fit each other

Element1

Element2

Element3

Element6

Element4

Element5

Element9

Element7

Element8

Somebody Must Bundle Together Various

Elements

All the necessary gears must fit each other

Elastic Band is Needed

This elastic band needs to be resilient

against numerous criticisms.

Organigram of The Japanese Government

Cabinet Office

Cabinet Secretariat

Cabinet

Internal Affairs & Communications

Justice

Foreign affairs

Finance

Education, Culture, Sports, Science & Technology

Health, Labor & Welfare

Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry

Economy, Trade & Industry

Land, Infrastructure, Transport & Tourism

Environment

Defence

Fire & Disaster Management Agency

Forestry Agency

Japan Meteorological Agency

Japan Coast Guard

Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

Minister of State for Disaster Management

Minister of State for Science & Tech

National Public Safety Commission

Minister of State for Economic and

Fiscal Policy

Minister of State for Reconstruction

Reconstruction Agency

National Police Agency

Imperial Household Agency

Financial Services Agency

Minister of State for Gender

Equality

Minister for Vitalizing Local

Economy

The Prime Minister is the Head of the Cabinet and is the Chairman of the Central Disaster Management Council

Lin

e

M

inis

trie

s

Minister for Tokyo Olympic and

Paralympic Games

Lessons to be shared for future generations

December 2004



September 2005



March 2011



November 2013

Source: Office of Civil Defense, Government of Philippines

Proverb by Japanese Physics Scientist

Dr. Torahiko TERADA (1878-1935)

who investigated the damage by

1923 Great Kanto Earthquake

「天災は忘れた頃にやってくる」

“Natural Disasters will hit us by the Time

people have forgotten about it”

40

How to foster & inherit the Culture of Prevention

Thank you for your attention!


experiences forbuild back better” - jica · saved the village in 2011 source: ... a baby rescued...

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