experience in the preparation of transport infrastructure and transportation services of...

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Experience in the preparation of transport infrastructure and transportation services of international sports events

Project UNDP/GEF-MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 00080462 «reducing GHG-Emissions from road transport in Russia’s medium-sized cities»

Eng. Stefano Manelli – CEO CITEC ItalyIOC and UEFA Transport Advisor

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International Conference « Optimisation of transport solutions for national and international mass action to reduce GHG-Emissions from road transport Moscow, September 23rd, 2013

Speaker: Stefano Manelli

Transport Engineer from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (Switzerland) and Torino (Italy)

IOC Transport Advisor and member of the IOC Evaluation Commission

Director CITEC Mobility Solution – Transport planning consulting firm

Lecturer at HES-SO Technical University in Geneva

UEFA Transport advisor and manager for Euro 2008, 2012 and 2016

Torino 2006 transport operations manager

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Introduction

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Warnings…

Global and Olympic Transport and their relations with City development and the environment are the main themes of this presentation

However important in Games organization, transport is only one of the 34 Olympic Games functions

However important Olympic transport projects can be, they remain minimal (even in Rio) in relation to the whole Host City Transport System

There is a lack of reliable and affordable quantitaive methods to measure impacts of localized projects on a whole metropolitan system. «quantitative» sustainability assessment remains elusive

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Events as catalysts…

This presentation highlights the critical role of transport logistics and mobility management in the success delivery of world sport events

Only robust and high performance public transport systems can deliver very heavy mega-event traffic loads concentrated in time and space

Mega-events are the best possible catalysts for innovative high capacity public transport developments targeter to a fixed «prestige opening deadline»

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Olympic sustainability – Copenhagen 2009

«The Olympic Movement fully embraces the importance of embedding the key values of environmental protection, development and sustainability within the Olympic ideals»

«As part of this commitment [...] the IOC should accelerate the integration of sustainability principles in the hosting of the Olympic Games […] to safeguard their status as a premier event»

XIII Olympic Congress recommendation N°19

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Summary of the presentation

1. Definition, types and key figures of Mega Events

2. Approach to transport infrastructure and services preparation

3. Key milestones in the most recent Olympic Games transport plans

4. Football events: preparation of UEFA Euro 2012

5. Conclusions

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Definition, types and key figures of Mega Events

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Definition of a Mega Event

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A mega event “implies major changes in City logistics and transport organization of the Host City”

Four key elements makes the complexity of these events:

National and International scale

Significant share of foreign guests, officials, VIP, sponsor, fans and spectators

Much higher air + ground transport, accommodation, security and Host City hospitality requirements

World media coverage with extremely high quality requirements

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Definition of a Mega Event

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Demand of a Mega Event

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Mega events could be:

Mono city and mono venue UEFA Champions League Final

Mono city and multiple venue Summer Olympic Games

Multiple city and mono venue FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro Cup

Multiple city and multiple venue Winter Olympic Games

Events could be hosted and be influenced by weather conditions (ski venues, sailing, etc.) or be hosted in a hall or a covered venue with limited impact from weather conditions.

[…]

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Types Mega Event

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Target groups and level of service13

Athletes and Team Officials

Workforce(Volunteers, Staff, Contractors)Olympic Broadcast Organisation

Rightsholding Broadcasters

International Olympic CommitteeNational Olympic Committees

International Federations

Marketing Partners

Spectators

Technical Delegates

Press

Residents and Local BusinessGeneral Public

Participants:LEVEL OF SERVICE / REQUIREMENTS

Spectators and general public:CAPACITY / TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

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Events growth: the case of Olympic Games

Both Summer and Winter Games grew tremendously in the last 25 years in all key areas: participating countries, female share, sport disciplines, athletes and team officials, technical officials, logistical requirements, new communication and medias, higher levels of service for ever more numerous client-groups.

Key parameters presented for:Winter Olympic Games long term (since 1924) and medium term (Sarajevo 1984 to Sochi 2014)Summer Olympic Games long term (since 1986) and medium term (Los Angeles 1984 to Beijing 2008)

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Winter Olympic Games growth 15

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Summer Olympic Games growth16

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Event growth impact on transport

Mega-event growth has considerable impacts on transport, travel demands, logistical organization and operational costs of the Games

Increased travel and mobility demands resulting from Olympic growth are related to:Longer Olympic travel distances (larger Olympic perimeter)Larger client numbers and users groups (participants) More numerous venues of larger capacity (spectators)Higher levels of service in terms of quantity, quality and security of servicesIncreased Games complexity and extended travel demands (24h/24h)

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Transport impacts

The massive temporary traffic overloads generated by events such as the Olympic Games cannot be accommodated on most often congested City transport networks

As shown by all Games since Sydney 2000, Olympic and global mobility cannot succeed other than being more than 95% by public transport

In other words: logistical transport requirements of world mega-events on Cities are such that only Cities with very strong high performance public transport systems can succeed in hosting mega-events such as the Olympics

After a successful bid, winning Host Cities have (only) 7 years to deliver the extended and upgraded transport system

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Transport infrastructure and services: sustainability and

environmental aspects

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Nobody wants… 20

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is often one of the outstanding reasons for “triggering” an integrated effort to win an Olympic bid with an Olympic Games concept in tune with City long term development vision

is an essential tool to meet the four basic Games “transport objectives”

if started as soon as Games are won, are a necessary condition for on time delivery of successful Games

Transport infrastructure development

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Objective 1: Ensure safe, secure, reliable, non congested journeys for all Olympic client groups with top priority for athlete transportation

Through a combination of: transport infrastructure rehabilitation and extensions,comprehensive areawide traffic and parking management measuresmajor shift of travel demands to strongly re-enforced public transporttemporary Games-time travel demand reductions

Transport objectives infrastructure

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Objective 2: Maintain Host City economic, commercial, leisure and cultural activities with as little traffic disruptions as possible

Objective 3: Ensure that the Olympic transport concept is aligned with the Olympic overall Games concept

Objective 4: Ensure that the improved transport infrastructure and new traffic management systems provide a lasting functional, social, economic and environmental legacy towards more sustainable City and Metropolitan mobility developments

Transport objectives infrastructure

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Accelerated solutions with a unique fixed deadline. Most world Cities face severe transport, congestion and environmental problems. The Games do contribute to accelerated solutions due to Games world image and a fixed event deadline

Allow to focus on more sustainable urban mobility developments and regional legacies

Infrastructures as support to mobility schemes promoting new travel behaviours through much improved public transport services

Transport infrastructure opportunities

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From 95% car modal split To (almost) 0% parking around venue25

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Superimposed transport systems

Mega-events are a very short «happening» in the life of a City or a Region. Two mega-event specific transport systems are temporarly superimposed on the existing system:

Temporary dedicated priority system for Olympic Family and logistic accredited traffic

Temporary re-enforced public transport system with bold temporary capacity increase to cope with extraordinary strong added travel demands

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Superimposed transport systems27

Superimposed transport systems

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Olympic transport and traffic challenge28

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Large mega-events do not automatically improve sustainability

Very large international football tournaments inducing terrific pressures on City logistics are only starting to integrate environmental policies in their planning

IOC signed the Kyoto Protocol and requires from bidders “exemplary” policies on environment protection and more recently on sustainability (Copenhagen Oct. 2009)

Games bidding is more and more oriented towards “carbon-neutral” policies

Contribution to sustainability

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Mega-events are overwhelmingly public transport events

Extended public transport operational priorities for after Games

Targeted or blanket car traffic reduction scheme experiments

Environmentally oriented carbon neutral schemes

Legacy oriented infrastructure investments and eco-friendly traffic management

Transport sustainability

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Mega-events are heavy concentrations of traffic flows in time and space impossible to handle with private traffic means

95-97% of mega-event venue accessibilities by public transport

“zero” mega-event parking within 1 km radius of venues other than accredited logistical + VIP needs

Public transport extended to 24 hour operations to coverall client needs especially world media coverage

To locate the venues on high performance public transport routes

Mega events Public transport events

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Extraordinary heavy additional traffic loads generated by the mega-event handled by strongly re-enforced public transport means

Accelerated development of long delayed public transport projects

Advanced delivery of rolling stock (high capacity bus / trolleybus / coaches / rail) generally with higher eco-standards

Implementation of extensive reserved lane systems for accredited mega-event vehicles and surface public transport

Mega events Extended public transport

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Introduction of temporary “reserved dedicated lanes” can only function with substantially reduced general traffic

Last kilometer and hospitality areas around large event venues are converted into vast pedestrian zones or “live sites” for non-ticketed visitors

Taking advantage or extending school holidays / construction work ban / only night time good transport and deliveries

Mega events Targeted car traffic reduction

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All measures above: much higher public transport use and restricted temporary car use lead to a more sustainable equilibrium

Mega-events are “live laboratories” for new mobility patterns, different travel behaviors linked to the festive atmosphere of these mega-events

Carbon reduction scheme apply to all mega-event operations but also, in the case of London 2012, to all mega-event construction and rehabilitation projects

Mega events More eco-friendly traffic

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Too many “white elephants”, grossly oversized projects in former prestigious mega-events including in Olympic Games

Each mega-event major project shall have a 10 year post-mega-event business plan / an owner and operator

More use of “temporary assembled and disassembled structures” for part or the full venue capacity

The mega-event transport concept shall be coherent with Metropolitan Transport Plans-- so only absolutely justified transport projects are added or pre-implemented for the mega-event

Mega events More legacy oriented infrastructure

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Last words…

“A developed country is not a place where the poor have cars. It's where the rich use public transportation.”

[Gustavo Petro]

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Key milestones in the most recent Olympic Games

transport plans

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Sydney 2000 transport policies

After Atlatnta 1996 embarassing transport logistical difficulties, Sydney 2000 marked a new «era» for Olympic Transport

100% spectators, workforce and volunteers by public transport

24h free public transport as a part of the event for ticketed spectators + all Olympic officials, staff, workforce, volunteers and other accredited

Sydney Olympic Park = 77% by rail, 15% by express bus, 3% walking and only 5% by car

New mega-event travel behavior induced during Sydney Games

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Sydney 2000 sustainability

Sydney 2000 could deliver excellent Olympic transport and traffic experience, based essentially on innovative resource management

Games were assessed as environmentally sound from the transport standpoint

Other than a little used Olympic rail connection to former Olympic Park, Sydney 2000 Olympic games did not induce much long term transport and mobility sustainability

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Athens 2004 Olympic lanes

Athens 2004 first Olympic Games ever to have its own Olympic traffic lane full continuous network

160km network of Olympic priority lanes for all Olympic accredited vehicles + express bus lines

Average Games bus speed increased from usual 12 to 20km/h to 55km/h at everybody surprise!

Road congestion – one of the biggest worry in Athens – was replaced by the fastest road+bus traffic system ever during the Games

These were all termporary measures, without real sustainability

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JUNE 2009 MILANO©.. 42

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Athens 2004 first Olympic lane network of 150km of directional lanes

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Athens 2004 transport sustainability

In Athens many sport permanent infrastructures built for the Games are «sport white elephants», with little or no use, expensive maintenance and high dismantling costs

Athens considerable new metropolitan transport infrastructure has not produced any «transport white elephant»

All 1999-2004 Athens region transport projects are long term legacy for roadway, airway and rail public transport systems

Athens 2004 much improved transport systems, particularly rail systems, are a contribution to better long term mobility sustainability in Attika Region

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Athens 2004 sustainability44

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Beijin 2008 massive traffic reduction

Beijing had witnessed growth of 1’000 cars per day during 7 years // tremendous congestion in 2007 and worries for 2008

Very severe August (hot+wet month) air pollution cumulated with heavy construction dust

4 day test in August 2007 (1 year prior) with 40% car traffic reduction

O-lane system would be ineffective without massive vehicular traffic reduction

2008 Games, reduction of 45-55% of all registered motor vehicles allowed every day / odd-even licence plates during 60 days

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Beijing transport sustainability

Beijing considerable 2002-2008 transport development program (worth more than 20 billion USD) was delivered on time for the Games

All projects were on Beijing Municipal Master Development Plan, but were accelerated or anticipated fof 5 to 10 years

Transport and mobility needs were so big: no transport white elephant in Beijing

The Beijing Games were a major catalyst for better transport sustainability in a context of a very fast growth and major efforts to decrease pollution

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Beijing policeman controlled arterial Olympic lane on Tian’anmen

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London 201248

London profited of the biggest urban industrial waste land rehabilitation program in Europe to create the 2012 Olympic Park

Heathrow express and tube service were a success beyond expectations (Media A&D procedures and more…)

Traffic management solutions were a well design mix of coherent and comprehensive measures, highly sophisticated, with continuous adaptation to the competition schedule

25% of traffic reduction during the Games acheived

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The train as fastest and most effective way to connect the world to London49

1 London 2012 Organising Committee for the first time in history of modern Olympics used the train for Olympic guests’ Arrival and Departure as connection between the airport and the city centre.More than 20’000 Media arriving to London were loaded on the Heathrow Express from Heathow Airport to London Paddington Station with a 15 minutes trip. Upon their arrival at Paddington they were provided with a dedicated shuttle service to their accommodation.Thanks to the agreement between the OCOG and the Heathrow Express Company accredited Clients could travel for free

Travel time

Heathrow Airport – central London:

By train 15min

By car/bus 45min to 1h30

depending on traffic conditions

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London 2012 legacy plan: Stratford Queen Elisabeth Olympic Park50

1 Thanks to the Games, years of investment turned this once neglected area into a spectacular stage for the greatest sporting event on earth, but the attention hasn’t ended once the Games were over.

Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park is set to become London’s leading destination for leisure, life and business; a model of modern, sustainable urban regeneration, attracting an estimated 9.3 million visitors each year.

Social and recreational spaces

Urban park and green

Five new residential neighbourhoods

Business and commercial district

Sport and leisure

Work to transform the park is now under way and an new area of entertainment, sport, recreation, commerce and community will be created.

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Stratford Queen Elisabeth Olympic Park: before, during and after the Olympic Games 51

before

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during

Stratford Queen Elisabeth Olympic Park: before, during and after the Olympic Games

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Stratford Queen Elisabeth Olympic Park: before, during and after the Olympic Games

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Rio 2016 legacy promotion

Rio 2016 strategic option n°1 is the build-up of a full high performance RIO public transport ring interconnecting all four City quadrants

The concept of «interlinked four zones» is materialized by a mixed program of public transport projects with suburban rail rehabilitation, metro capacity upgrade, metro extension and 75km of high capacity BRT-Bus Rapid Transit

This boldest public transport development in Rio history shall be fully delivered in 6 years

The high performance transport ring will help connect areas of very diverse socio-economic and urban characteristics

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Rio 2016 legacy promotion55

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… towards Tokyo 202056

Revitalization of a series of man-made island in the Tokyo Bay, with potential high urban value

Venues located in proximity to existing performing public transport and rail public transport in particular

Long term Tokyo 2020 transport plan with traffic reduction in city centre, thanks to completion of city road ring. Expected 30% traffic reduction in the city centre

Traffic management measures for city centre access control, to be used for the Games to enforce Olympic Lanes and Routes

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… towards Tokyo 202057

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Footbal Events: preparation of

UEFA Euro 2012

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Extraordinary short-term travel patterns for Football event related participants and spectators

High pressure on long-distance transport infrastructures such as airports and railways

With 8-10 Host Cities, but 1 single venue per Host City, extremely temporary solutions are often the most preferred option in the Host City

Live sites and fan zones could attract 5-10 times more (local) spectators (without ticket) than the Stadia

Seoul - Initial Transport Briefing - May 2013

Football Mega-events Even more pressure on transport

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Mega Event transport integration – EURO201260

General datasTwo countries – Ukraine and Poland31 Matches in 8 Host Cities 16 National Teams1.4 mln. tickets

Scales of analysisInternational accessibility and demandIntercity transport and accessibilityHost City mobility planVenue last kilometre transport

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National/International accessibility and transport planning

Airports: Huge pressure on airports on Match days, in particular for Knock-out stage and finalDevelopment on long termNew procedures and operational plansSlot coordinationNight flight restrictions

Railways:In countries such as Russia train is traditional main carrierPromote the train for the national and intercity travellers

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Assessment of exisisting situation in terms of infrastructure and services

Analysis of the multimodal expected transport demand, based on Event owner’s requirements

Gap analysis and confirmation of the need for new or temporary infrastructures

New infrastructures are only motivated when a long-term plan with post-event legacy can be proved.

Realistic development plan with clear budget and timelines

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National/International accessibility and transport planning

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Airports63

Temporary new passenger handling procedures (fast lanes for charter flights and dedicated "EURO lanes" for UEFA target groups), airport customers were highly satisfied with the services provided. Immigration and customs authorities adopted as well their procedures to ease and speed up in- and outbound controls.

A very good cooperation with National Air Authorities had been established: night flight bans were lifted whenever necessary in Poland, in both countries the slot coordination scheme has been applied temporarily and in Ukraine the APIS (Advanced Passenger Information System) was used to exchange information between airlines and the border control services

Eight out of nine airports got new terminals and six airports put new or extended runways into operations; all airports coped very well with high match day peaks and handled three to four times more runway movements compared to regular daily operations.

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Airports – observed increase of passengers flows64

Airport Flights 2012 (in+out) Passengers 2012 (in+out) Comparison on same period 2012/ 2011

Warsaw 17’100 1’077’850 +17%

Gdansk 5’400 348’900 +45%

Poznan 3’100 200’100 +28%

Wroclaw 3’860 283’100 +40%

Kyiv-Boryspil 11’800 989’000 +14%

Donetsk 2’500 122’000 +60%

Kharkiv 750 53’000 +150%

Lviv 840 45’000 +200%

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Kharkiv airport during a match day65

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Kharkiv airport temporary terminal during a match day66

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Host City transport and mobility plan

The Host City shall be in charge of:

Public transport and traffic management concept with «high quality transport system» linking major sites at Host City level

Enhance and extend public transport operations to 24h for match days

Promote special transport fares and arrangements for spectators, guests and organizers (free transport)

Provide information and guidance to spectators and visitors

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Host City transport and mobility plan

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Last km accessibility and Venue management

The event will take place in the stadium:

The Venue management is under the Organiser jurisdiction

Input on the stadium/venue surroundings come from the Organiser

Coordination and clear definition of responsibilities on the stadium/venue is crucial between the Host City and the Organiser

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Traffic perimeter map70

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Main actions for UEFA Euro 201271

Each Host City strongly re-enforced and extended its own public transport services for the period of EURO 2012. Extra shuttle busses and trams were added on the connections between airport, stadium, city centre and fan zone.

Urban rail transport played a key role for stadium accessibility, as well. In Warsaw for example all main sites (Airport – Fan Zone – National Stadium) were connected by a newly renovated and extended continuous railway line, which was a huge success. Ukrainian Railways introduced new high-speed trains linking the four Host Cities on a daily basis during the Tournament.

“Free Transport” for match-ticket holders and accredited staff has been introduced and confirmed to be a big success again, and a great occasion of promoting public transport and the event itself.

Temporary traffic and pedestrian signage had been produced and installed to guide Tournament visitors: more than 10’000 signs and stickers overall.

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Main actions for UEFA Euro 2012 (2)72

Pedestrian accessibility to stadia confirmed the positive experiences from previous tournaments.

The introduction of traffic perimeter and activities related proved very useful. Traffic perimeter operational maps developed were an excellent tool for operational planning and for fine tune of operations of all projects, to avoid incoherencies and conflicts in the vicinities of stadia.

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Last km accessibility and venue management

Phisical separation between vehicle and pedestrian flows on the access way to the Stadium in Kyiv

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Team Bus holding areas in Kyiv

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Pedestrian access to the Warsaw Stadium


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Spectators by train to the Warsaw Stadium on the opening match day

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© Ph

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Spectators on their way to the Stadium in Warsaw for the opening match

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Towards Russia FIFA World Cup 201878

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Conclusions

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What contribution to sustainability

World fierce competition between Cities to get the Olympic Games triggers a «race» for best possible Games transport systems and traffic management concepts

Massive Olympic use of public transport systems, improved and expanded during the 7 years Games preparation period, becomes an indispensable landmark of successful Summer Oilympic Games organized in Cities of more than 4 million population

Olympic transport projects are most often part of the Host City Master Plan Agenda and can be considered as Games accelerated transport projects

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What sustainability assessment Most recent events showed the excellent combination of long-term urban and transport development

programmes oriented to more sustainable and environmental friendly transport systems with bold temporary traffic and demand management solutions, to maximise existing capacity, to accelerate and expand existing public transport services

Host Cities investing in high performance public transport systems in support of the Games are investing in long term more «sustainable» transport and mobility patters, with strong contribution to environmental improvement.

In the transport sector, the major beneficiary of Olympic sustainability promotional policies is Public Transport and rail transport projects in particular

Summer Games transport long term contributions to sustainability appear tangible.

Winter Games transport sustainability remains open to question. It depends largely on the structural and institutional City-Region setup and technical characteristics of the City-Mountain transport system.

Football Events transport long term contribution to sustainability is still questionable. Bidding process and environmental quality requirements from the Event owner’s side still have to change.

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What sustainability assessment (2)

Summer Games transport long term contributions to sustainability appear tangible.

Winter Games transport sustainability remains open to question. It depends largely on the structural and institutional City-Region setup and technical characteristics of the City-Mountain transport system.

Football Events transport long term contribution to sustainability is still questionable. Bidding process and environmental quality requirements from the Event owner’s side still have to change.

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Sometimes elephants… but NO WHITE ELEPHANTS!83

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Thank you!Спасибо!Obrigado!

감사 ! 感謝 !

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