expansion of secondary education
DESCRIPTION
Expansion of Secondary Education. A Presentation for the Parliamentary Consultative Committee on Human Resource Development 20 th December, 2007. Rationale for Secondary Education. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1
Expansion of Secondary Expansion of Secondary EducationEducation
A Presentation for the A Presentation for the Parliamentary Consultative Parliamentary Consultative
Committee on Committee on Human Resource DevelopmentHuman Resource Development
2020thth December, 2007 December, 2007
22
Rationale for Secondary Rationale for Secondary EducationEducation
1. Secondary education develops faculties of critical thinking, abstraction, insight, skills and competence at a higher level
2. Foundation for higher education3. Requirement for employment and labour
market quality4. Critical to social and economic development
and growth5. Rates of return on secondary education are
high6. Rising demand from elementary leavers7. International competitiveness8. Gender equity9. Requirement for primary teachers10. Poverty reduction and equity
33
Secondary Education(IX-X): Secondary Education(IX-X): Some factsSome facts
Source:- Selected Educational Statistics,
2004-05
1 No. of Secondary schools 1.02 lakh
2 No. of Higher Secondary schools 0.50 lakh
3 No. of students ( Classes IX-X) 2.43 crore
4 Estimated No. of students in classes IX-X in 2007-08
2.89 crore
5 Population of 14-16 age group 4.71 crore
6 No. of Teachers 10.82 lakh
44
Secondary Education(IX-X): Secondary Education(IX-X): IndicatorsIndicators
Source: Selected Educational Statistics, 2004-05
S. No.
Indicators Boys Girls Total
1 Enrolment (IX-X)
1.46 crore
1.01 crore
2.43 crore
2 Gross Enrolment Ratio (IX-X)
57.39 45.28 51.65
3 Dropout rate(Class I-X)
60.41 63.88 61.92
55
National Policy on Education, National Policy on Education, 1986 1986 (as modified in 1992)(as modified in 1992)
“ Access to Secondary Education will be widened with emphasis on enrolment of girls, SCs & STs particularly in science, commerce and vocational streams.”
(Para 5.13)
66
Mid-term Appraisal of the Mid-term Appraisal of the Tenth Five Year Plan (June 2005)Tenth Five Year Plan (June 2005)
“In order to plan for a major expansion of secondary education in the event of achievement of full or near full retention under SSA, setting up of a new mission for secondary education, on the lines of SSA should be considered”. (Para 2.1.45)
77
Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE), Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE), Committee on Universalisation of Secondary Committee on Universalisation of Secondary Education - Report of June, 2005Education - Report of June, 2005
The guiding principles of Universal Secondary Education -- Universal Access, Equality and Social Justice
Norms for schooling to be developed for each state with common national parameters
Pressure on secondary education being felt and It will not be wise to wait till 2010
Financial requirement for universal elementary and secondary education is 5.1% of the GDP
Investment towards Universal Secondary Education must be made not later than 2006-07.
88
Challenges in Secondary Challenges in Secondary EducationEducation
Access Equity
Gender Socio-economic Geographical Disability
Quality
99
Challenge of Access-1: Challenge of Access-1: No. of Secondary Schools ( Classes IX-X) per 100 No. of Secondary Schools ( Classes IX-X) per 100 Sq. KmSq. Km..
States having schools less than all India average
3 3
2 2 2
10.5
0
1
2
3 All India
Gujarat
H.P.
Rjasthan
U.P
M.P
J & K ALL GUJ HP RJ UP MP JK
Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics- 2004-05
1010
Challenge of Access-2: Challenge of Access-2: No. of Secondary Schools ( Classes IX-X) per No. of Secondary Schools ( Classes IX-X) per 100 Sq. Km.100 Sq. Km.
States having schools more than all India average
34
5 5 5 5 5 56
8 8
0
2
4
6
8All IndiaT.NA.PKarnatakaMaharashtraOrissaPunjabW.B.AssamHaryanaKerala
ALL TN AP KN MH OR PJ WB AS HR KL
Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics -2004-05
1111
Challenge of Access-3: Challenge of Access-3: No. of Secondary Schools (Classes IX-X) per lakh No. of Secondary Schools (Classes IX-X) per lakh PopulationPopulation
States having schools less than all India average
109 9
8 87
65
4 43 3
0
2
4
6
8
10All IndiaPunjabUttrakhandT.N.ChandigarhM.P.ChhattisgarhW.B.BiharJharkhandU.P.Delhi
ALL PU UT TN CD MP CH WB BI JH UP DL
Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics -2004-05
1212
Challenge of Access-4: Challenge of Access-4: No. of Secondary Schools (Classes IX-X) per lakh No. of Secondary Schools (Classes IX-X) per lakh PopulationPopulation
States having schools more than all India average
1010101014151617181919
23
0
5
10
15
20
25 All IndiaGujaratJ&KKeralaRajasthanMaharashtraHaryanaAssamKarnatakaA.P.OrissaH.P.
ALL GJ JK KL RJ MH HR AS KN AP OR HP
Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics -2004-05
13
Percentage of schools by Percentage of schools by management (2004-05)management (2004-05)
Management Secondary(IX-X)
Higher Secondary
(XI-XII)Government 42.96 37.17Government-aided
28.52 31.04
Private unaided 28.52 31.79Total 100.00 100.00
1414
93 8986 85
81 80 79 79
70 70
61 61
0102030405060708090
100 Cuba
Sout Africa
Sri Lanka
Egypt
Thailand
Hongkong
Mexico
Vietnam
China
Malaysia
Indonesia
Asia
Challenge Of Participation-1:Gross Enrollment Ratio (Cross Country Comparison)
CU SA SL EG TH HG MX VT CH ML IND Asia
SOURCE: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, October, 2005
1515
States having GER less than all India average
Challenge Of Participation-2:Challenge Of Participation-2:Gross Enrollment RatioGross Enrollment Ratio
52 49 49 46 44 44 43 41
27 2622
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 All IndiaAssamU.P.M.P.ChhattisgarhRajasthanJ & KW.B.NagalandJharkhandBihar
ALL AS UP MP CH RJ JK WB NL JH BH
Source : Selected Educational Statistics 2004-05
1616
States having GER more than all India average
Challenge Of Participation-3:Challenge Of Participation-3:Gross Enrolment Ratio (Classes IX-X)Gross Enrolment Ratio (Classes IX-X)
525353535455575969
76778093
0
20
40
60
80
100 All IndiaA.P.ArunachalHarynanaOrissaGujaratTripuraKarnatakaMaharashtraGoa UttrakhandT.N.Kerala
ALL AP AR HR OR GJ TR KN MH GA UT TN KL
Source : Selected Educational Statistics 2004-05
1717
Challenge Of Participation-4:Challenge Of Participation-4:Disparity in Gross Enrolment Ratio (Classes IX-Disparity in Gross Enrolment Ratio (Classes IX-X)X)
5245
37
5752
43 4538
30
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Overall Boys Girls
All SC ST
Source: Selected Educational Statistics – 2004-05
1818
31 32 32 33
38 39 4038 38 38 38
41 43 44
24 25 26 28
33 34 35
19 22
31 30 31 31
34
29
38 36 37 37
10
16
22 24 24 24
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
90-9
1
91-9
2
92-9
3
93-9
4
94-9
5
95-9
6
96-9
7
97-9
8
98-9
9
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05 Total
BoysGirls
Trend of Gross Enrolment Ratio
Source : Selected Education Statistics – 2004-05
1919
30
2625
2019
18 18 18 17 1714
12
0
5
10
15
20
25
30 South Africa
Vietnam
Thailand
Sri Lanka
China
Rep.of Korea
Hongkong
Malaysia
Egypt
Mexico
Indonesia
Cuba
Challenge of Quality-1 :Pupil Teacher Ratio (Cross Country Comparison)
SA VT TH SL CH KR HK ML EG MX INDO CU
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, October, 2005
2020
States having PTR more than all India average
Challenge of Quality-2 :Challenge of Quality-2 :Pupil Teacher Ratio in Classes IX and XPupil Teacher Ratio in Classes IX and X
32 34 35 38
54 5561 63
010
203040
506070 All India
Gujarat
Maharashtra
Chhattisgarh
Jharkhand
Bihar
U.P.
W.B. ALL GUJ MH CHH JH BH UP WB
Source : Selected Educational Statistics – 2004-05
2121
States having PTR less than all India average
Challenge of Quality-3 :Challenge of Quality-3 :Pupil Teacher Ratio in Classes IX and XPupil Teacher Ratio in Classes IX and X
32
181820222426272727282829
0
510
15
2025
30
35 All IndiaKarnatakaUttrakhandAssamOrissaGoaH.PHaryanaRjasthanKeralaArunachalPunjabT.N.
ALL KN UT AS OR GA HP HR RJ KR AR PJ TN
Source : Selected Educational Statistics – 2004-05
2222
Transition RatesTransition Rates
Source: Based on Selected Educational Statistics
Classes 2003-04 2004-05
V-VI 89.3% 88.8%VI-VII 93.3% 94.8%VII-VIII 94.3% 94.8%VIII-IX 88.5% 88.5%IX-X 92.5% 91.4%
2323
Expenditure on Education: Expenditure on Education: % age of GDP (Cross Country Comparison)% age of GDP (Cross Country Comparison)
S.No. Name of Country Education Sector (as a whole)
Secondary Education
1. Denmark 8.5 2.9
2. Malaysia 8.1 2.7
3. Israel 7.5 2.2
4. Kenya 7.0 1.4
5. Mexico 5.3 1.5
6. South Africa 5.3 1.7
7. Colombia 5.2 1.5
8. Australia 4.9 1.9
9. Republic of Korea 4.2 1.8
SOURCE: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, October, 2005 and Selected Educational Statistics, 2002-03.
2424
Expansion of Secondary Expansion of Secondary Education: Education:
GoalGoal
To make secondary education of good quality available, accessible and affordable to all young persons
2525
To make all secondary schools conform to prescribed norms
Availability and access to every one Within 5 Kms for Secondary schools 7 to 10 Kms for Higher Secondary
schools in the 11th Plan and within 5 Km in the 12th Plan.
Equity through removal of gender, socio-economic and disability barriers
To ensure education of good quality for all students
Expansion of Secondary Expansion of Secondary Education: ObjectivesEducation: Objectives
2626
Expansion of Secondary Expansion of Secondary Education : TargetsEducation : Targets
S. No.
Indicator 2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2011-12 (Target)
1 GER (IX-X) 47.0* 51.0* 51.65 752 GER (SC) (IX-X) NA NA 45.41 703 GER (ST) (IX-X) NA NA 37.16 703 GER Rural (IX-X) NA NA NA 704 Girls enrolled/100
boys70 NA 71 100
5 %Trained teachers in Secondary Schools
89 NA 89 100
6 PTR (Secondary)
30 31 32 25
7 Physical Infrastructure incl. Disabled Access
--- --- All Schools
Source: Selected Educational Statistics and * As per CABE Report on USE
27
Expansion of Secondary Expansion of Secondary Education: Physical TargetsEducation: Physical Targets1. Additional enrolment by 2011-12 : 66 lakh2. Strengthening of schools : 44,0003. Upgradation of higher primary : 17,000
schools4. Additional teachers in existing : 3.02 lakh
schools5. Additional teachers for upgraded : 3.61
schools6. Additional Kendriya Vidyalayas and : 1000 +
700Navodaya Vidyalayas
7. Girls’ hostels: 3500
28
Expansion of Secondary Expansion of Secondary Education: General StrategiesEducation: General Strategies
1. Upgrade existing schools to achieve prescribed norms
2. Expand capacity of existing schools3. Open new schools (mostly by upgradation)
in areas with gaps4. Encourage good quality private schools5. Expand facilities for open and distance
learning6. Step up allocation to secondary education
from 0.9% of GDP to 2% of GDP in stages.
29
Expansion of Secondary Expansion of Secondary Education: ComponentsEducation: Components
1. Infrastructure Class-rooms Furniture Toilets Drinking Water Laboratory Library Electricity Phone and Internet Sports facilities Music Facilities Repair and Maintenance
30
Expansion of Secondary Expansion of Secondary Education: Components Education: Components Contd……Contd……
2. Teachers Recruitment Deployment Training
3. Teaching aids ICT Models
4. School budget
31
Expansion of Secondary Expansion of Secondary Education: Components Education: Components Contd……Contd……
5. School Management Headmasters’ capacity building Management Committee Involvement of local bodies
6. Supervision and monitoring School inspection
7. Incentives for girls, SC/ST, minorities and rural students
32
Reforms in Secondary EducationReforms in Secondary Education
Curriculum Examination system Teachers School governance Use of ICT
33
Current schemes of Govt. of Current schemes of Govt. of IndiaIndia
1. ICT in Schools2. Integrated Education for the Disabled
Children3. “SUCCESS” – Universalisation of Access
to Secondary Education4. Means-cum-Merit Scholarship5. Incentive for Girls6. Girls’ Hostel7. Vocationalisation of Secondary
Education
34
Expansion of Secondary Expansion of Secondary Education: Some IssuesEducation: Some Issues
1. Ownership of State Governments and cost sharing
2. Coverage of classes XI and XII3. Cost recovery and targeted subsidies4. Private sector participation5. Supply-side intervention to stimulate
demand6. Effect of demographic transition7. Possibility of second shifts to reduce capital
cost8. Community contribution and involvement
35
Expansion of Secondary Expansion of Secondary Education: Broad GoalEducation: Broad Goal
To universalize secondary education (class IX and X) during the 12th Five Year Plan
3636
THANK YOUTHANK YOU