exhausto - presentation. sub title the first fan - 1957 the first chimney fan - a first worldwide...
TRANSCRIPT
EXHAUSTO: Venting DesignEXHAUSTO: Venting Design
Appliance CategoriesAppliance Categories
ASHRAE Equation & Chimney Pressures ASHRAE Equation & Chimney Pressures
Common Code Violations Common Code Violations
Chimney Automation Systems Chimney Automation Systems
Combustion Air SupplyCombustion Air Supply
Boiler Room SimulatorBoiler Room Simulator
Overdraft Damper SystemOverdraft Damper System
Dryer VentingDryer Venting
Appliance CategoriesAppliance Categories
ASHRAE Equation & Chimney Pressures ASHRAE Equation & Chimney Pressures
Common Code Violations Common Code Violations
Chimney Automation Systems Chimney Automation Systems
Combustion Air SupplyCombustion Air Supply
Boiler Room SimulatorBoiler Room Simulator
Overdraft Damper SystemOverdraft Damper System
Dryer VentingDryer Venting
Sub Title
• ANSI Venting Categorization
Appliance CategoriesAppliance Categories
Sub Title
Appliance CategorizationAppliance Categorization
IV
III
II
I
Atmospheric
Fan Assisted (high efficiency)
Forced Draft
Condensing
Draft Hood
Fan AssistedDraft Diverter
Scotch Marine
Negative Positive
Sub Title
Acceptable Venting MaterialAcceptable Venting Material
IV
III
II
I
Atmospheric
Fan Assisted (85+ efficiency)
Forced Draft
Condensing
B-Vent
Masonry
Fan Assisted
B-Vent
Masonry (interior)
AL29-4C double wall
UL103 P-Stack
Welded Steel
(90+ efficiency)
AL29-4C single wall
CPVC (tested with appliance)
(85 – 90 % efficiency)
AL29-4C double wall
Negative Positive
Sub Title
•Fan Assisted (85+ efficiency)
IV
III
II
I
•Atmospheric
•Forced Draft
•Condensing
Masonry Chimney LinersMasonry Chimney Liners
Clay tile liner
•Fan AssistedClay tile liner (interior
chimney)
Steel liner (exterior chimney)
Exception: Clay tile liner can be used with exterior chimney if an Atmospheric appliance is connected to the same chimney
AL29-4C Liner
Positive pressure steel liner Ex. Welded steel, Inner liner of pressure stack
AL29-4C Liner
Reference: ANSI Z223.1-2002 10.4.1 and 13.1.9, NFPA211 4-2.2
Negative Positive
Sub Title
Chimney Design EquationChimney Design Equation
1996 Edition
INPUTS:• Appliance Type• Fuel Type• MBH Input• CO2% in Flue Gases• Flue Gas Temperature• Ambient Temperature• Altitude• Flue Layout
RESULTS:• Flue Gas Volume• Flue Gas Velocity• Theoretical Draft• Total Pressure Losses• Appliance Outlet Pressure
OutletPressure
PressureLosses (+)
+
TheoreticalDraft (-)
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Boiler Efficiency versus DraftBoiler Efficiency versus Draft
Sub Title
Annual Draft VariationsAnnual Draft Variations
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Chimney Draft – Steady-StateChimney Draft – Steady-State
Sub Title
Draft Variations During Draft Variations During OperationOperation
Vent = 30’ vert./10’ horiz., 18” diam.
4 Fan-assisted Cat I boilers with 1,000 MBH input each
Constant ambient of 60°F
Draft requirement: 0.05”WC
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Modulating Boiler SystemsModulating Boiler Systems
Gravity Stack Design
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Chimney Automation SystemsChimney Automation Systems
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CASV – Chimney Automation CASV – Chimney Automation SystemSystem
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CASI – Chimney Automation CASI – Chimney Automation SystemSystem
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Modulating Boiler SystemsModulating Boiler Systems
Controlled Draft Design
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First Cost AnalysisFirst Cost Analysis
Ordinary Stack Material Cost EXHAUSTO System Material Cost
Item Qty List Price Item Qty List Price
20" pressure stack 35' $ 5,775 12" pressure stack 50' $ 4,600
16" pressure stack 5' $ 630 12" Tee 1 $ 345
14" pressure stack 5' $ 535 12" end cap 2 $ 260
10" pressure stack 5' $ 405 12" x 8" reducing Tee 4 $ 1,240
20" Tee 1 $ 610
20 " end cap 1 $ 205
20" x 8" reducing Tee 1 $ 410
20" x 16" tapered reducer 1 $ 360
16" x 8" reducing Tee 1 $ 355
16" x 14" tapered reducer 1 $ 280
14" x 8" reducing Tee 1 $ 335
14" x 10" tapered reducer 1 $ 245
10" x 8" reducing Tee 1 $ 295
10" end cap 1 $ 130
20" stack cap 1 $ 640
Total $ 11,210 Total $ 6,445
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National Fuel Gas Code National Fuel Gas Code
NFPA 54
IFGC
ANSI Z 223.1
• Horizontal distances
• Large stack area
• Self venting connector rise
• Fan Min capacities
• Different type of appliances
• Existing masonry chimneys
• Location of draft inducer
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Common Code ViolationsCommon Code Violations
(NFPA 54) Z223.1-2002 (Venting of Equipment)10.6.1.4 The total horizontal distance of a vent plus the horizontal vent connector serving draft hood-equipped appliances shall not be greater than 75 % of the vertical height of the vent. Table 13.1 and 13.2 The total horizontal length of the vent plus the vent connector for a single Category I appliance is: 100% of the height (vent 6 – 30 ft high); 30 ft (vent 31 – 50 ft high); 50% of the height (vent 51 – 100 ft high)
Chimney Automation System
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Common Code ViolationsCommon Code Violations
(NFPA 54) Z223.1-2002 13.2 (Sizing of Venting Systems)
13.2.2 The maximum vent connector horizontal length shall be 18 in./in of connector diameter.13.2.4 The length of the common vent manifold shall not exceed 18 in./in. of common vent diameter.13.2.5 The horizontal length of the common vent offset shall not exceed 18 in./in. of common vent diameter.
Chimney Automation System
3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 12" 14" 16" 18" 20" 22" 24"4.5' 6' 7.5' 9' 10.5'12' 13.5'15' 18' 21' 24' 27' 30' 33' 36'
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Common Code ViolationsCommon Code Violations
(NFPA 54) Z223.1-2002 13.2.17 (Sizing of Venting Systems)
13.2.17 Where two or more appliances are connected to a vertical vent or chimney, the flow area of the largest section of vertical or chimney shall not exceed seven times the smallest listed appliance categorized vent areas, flue collar area, or draft hood outlet area unless designed in accordance with approved engineering methods.
Chimney Automation System
3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 12" 14" 16"7" 10" 12" 14" 18" 22" 22" 26" 30" 36" 42"
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Common Code ViolationsCommon Code Violations
(NFPA 54) Z223.1-2002 10.10.4.2 (Venting of Equipment)
10.10.4.2 Vent connectors serving Category I appliances shall not be connected into any portion of mechanical draft systems operating under positive static pressure, such as those serving Category III or Category IV appliances.
Chimney Automation System
Sub Title
Side-wall VentingSide-wall Venting
Z223.1-51-2002 (Venting of Equipment)
10.3.4.6 Mechanical Draft Systems.
The exit terminals of mechanical draft systems shall be not less than 7ft above grade where located adjacent to public walkways.
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Side-wall VentingSide-wall Venting
Z223.1-56 (Venting of Equipment)7.8 Venting System Location.
(a) A Venting system shall terminate at least 3 ft (0.9 m) above any forced air inlet located within 10 ft (3.1 m).Exception No. 1: This provision shall not apply to the combustion air intake of a direct-vent appliance.Exception No. 2: This provision shall not apply to the separation of circulating air inlet and flue gas discharge of listed outdoor appliances.
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Side-wall VentingSide-wall Venting
Z223.1-56 (Venting of Equipment)7.8 Venting System Location.
(b) The venting system of other than a direct-vent appliance shall terminate at least 4 ft (1.2 m) below, 4 ft (1.2 m) horizontally from, or 1 ft (30 cm) above any door, window, or gravity air inlet into any building. The bottom of the vent terminal shall be located at least 12 in. (30 cm) above grade.
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Roof-top VentingRoof-top Venting
Z223.1-56 (Venting of Equipment)
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Gravity Stack TerminationsGravity Stack Terminations
NFPA Fig. 12a NFPA Fig. 12b
Sub Title
Gravity Stack TerminationsGravity Stack Terminations
More than10 ft
2 ft abovehypotenuse
Hypotenuse oftwo obstructionedges
2 ft abovehypotenuse
Hypotenuse oftwo obstructionedges
Experience Shows
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Mechanical Draft Systems Mechanical Draft Systems DefinedDefined
10.3.4.1 Mechanical draft systems shall be listed and shall be installed in accordance with the terms of their listing and both the appliance and the mechanical draft system manufacturer’s instructions.
10.3.4.2 Gas utilization equipment requiring venting shall be permitted to be vented by means of mechanical draft systems of either forced or induced draft design.Exception: Incinerators
10.3.4.5 Where a mechanical draft system is employed, provision shall be made to prevent flow of gas to the main burners when the draft system is not performing so as to satisfy the operating requirements of the equipment for safe performance
Z223.1-2002 Standard for Venting of Equipment
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Mechanical Draft Systems Mechanical Draft Systems DefinedDefined
503.6.9.3 Mechanical draft. Chimney venting systems using mechanical draft shall be sized in accordance with approved engineering methods.
10.5.3.1 Size of Chimneys. Chimney venting systems using mechanical draft shall be sized in accordance with approved engineering methods.
IFGC - Section 503 (Venting of Equipment)
Z223.1-2002 Standard for Venting of Equipment
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CASV – Chimney Automation CASV – Chimney Automation SystemSystem
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CASI – Chimney Automation CASI – Chimney Automation SystemSystem
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RSIB – Power VenterRSIB – Power Venter
• SS16 construction
• Removable access door
• Direct drive
• Class A insulated motor - eliminates the need for secondary fan cooling
• Maintenance free
• 575 ºF Continuous Duty
• UL 378 – Draft Equipment
• The RSIB fan can vent category I, II, III and IV appliances with or without barometric dampers
• Simple design with few components reduces the risk of failure and simplifies service
• RSIB is of Type B, Spark Resistant Construction
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Installation Options - RSIBInstallation Options - RSIB
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CASV Applications – Stack CASV Applications – Stack DownsizingDownsizing
Hazen High School – Renton, WA
Soldier Field - Chicago, IL
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CASV Applications - AestheticsCASV Applications - Aesthetics
Getty Center – Los Angeles, CA
Rigel – South San Francisco,
CA
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CASV Applications - AestheticsCASV Applications - Aesthetics
SBC Center – San Antonio, TX
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CASV ApplicationsCASV Applications
MODSMODSModulating Overdraft Modulating Overdraft
Damper SystemDamper System
MODSMODSModulating Overdraft Modulating Overdraft
Damper SystemDamper System
Sub Title
Modulating Overdraft Damper Modulating Overdraft Damper SystemSystem
Sub Title
MODS ComponentsMODS Components
• MDF Damper
Sizes – 12 in. to 48 in. diameters
Multiple opposed blades made of 16 gauge type 316 stainless
Pressure stack flange connections
Rated to 700°F
EBC30
Prime function
Additional over-pressure protection for Forced-draft boilers
Sub Title
MODS ApplicationsMODS Applications
Kaiser Center - Oakland, CA
Wells Fargo - Great Falls, MT
Markham Road - Toronto
MCASMCAS Mechanical Combustion Mechanical Combustion
Air SupplyAir Supply
Sub Title
Code Requirements – Air for Combustion and Ventilation
8.3.3.1 Two Permanent Openings Method. Two permanent openings, one commencing within 12 in. of the top and one commencing within 12 in. of the bottom of the enclosure, shall be provided. The openings shall communicate directly, or by ducts, with the outdoors or spaces that freely communicate with the outdoors as follows:
(1) Where directly communicating with the outdoors or through vertical ducts, each opening shall have a minimum free area of 1 in.²/4000 Btu of total input rating of all equipment in the enclosure.
(2) Where communicating with the outdoors through horizontal ducts, each opening shall have a minimum free area of not less than 1in.²/2000 Btu of total input rating of all equipment in the enclosure
Codes and StandardsCodes and StandardsCodes and StandardsCodes and Standards
• Z223.1-2002 8.3.3 Outdoor Combustion Air.
Sub Title
Code Requirements – Air for Combustion and Ventilation
8.3.3.2 One Permanent Opening Method: One permanent opening, commencing within 12 in. of the top of the enclosure, shall be provided. The opening shall directly communicate with the outdoors or shall communicate through a vertical or horizontal duct to the outdoors or spaces that freely communicate with the outdoors and shall have a minimum free area of the following:
(1) 1 in.²/3000 Btu of the total input rating of all equipment located in the enclosure, and
(2) Not less than the sum of the areas of all vent connectors in the space.
Codes and StandardsCodes and StandardsCodes and StandardsCodes and Standards
• Z223.1-2002 8.3.3 Outdoor Combustion Air.
Sub Title
2000 MBH2000 MBH
Louver(s) Sizing:• 1 sq.in./4000 Btu per louver 4000 MBH = 1000 in2
of free area per louver.
• Typical louver has 30-60% free area.
• Depending on louver design actual louver size will be: Using 45% free area louvers = Two 5’ x 4’ louvers
Sizing of Gravity Louvers
Codes and StandardsCodes and Standards
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Code Requirements – Air for Combustion and Ventilation – Mechanical Combustion Air Supply (MCAS)
8.3.6 Mechanical Combustion Air Supply. Where all combustion air is provided by a mechanical air supply system, the combustion air shall be supplied from outdoors at the minimum rate of 0.35 ft³/min per 1000 Btu/hr for all appliances located within the space.
8.3.6.1 Where exhaust fans are installed, additional air shall be provided to replace the exhausted air.
8.3.6.2 Each of the appliances served shall be interlocked to the mechanical air supply system to prevent main burner operation where the mechanical air supply system is not in operation.
Codes and StandardsCodes and StandardsCodes and StandardsCodes and Standards
• Z223.1-2002
Sub Title
2000 MBH2000 MBH
Louver Sizing:• Engineered using ASHRAE
Chimney Design Equation.
• Flue Gas Volume corrected for temperature
= 1,400 cfm of combustion air
• 1400 cfm/500 fpm
= 2.8 ft2 of louver free area
• Using a 45% free area louver
= One 3’ x 2’ louver
Sizing of Mechanical Combustion Air
Codes and StandardsCodes and Standards
Sub Title
MCASMCAS – Modulating Combustion – Modulating Combustion Air Supply SystemAir Supply System
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MCAS Components – BESF/BESB MCAS Components – BESF/BESB FanFan
Fan can be mounted indoors or outdoors.
Impeller - statically and dynamically balanced. Insulated housing in galvanized steel Hinged fan housing easily opens to provide
easy access to duct and impeller Direct drive, variable speed, TEFC motor
located outside housing for easy access. Variable Frequency Drive is used on three
phase models (VFD should be located inside the building).
Seven Models
450 – 5500 cfm
Sub Title
MCAS Components – SFTA FanMCAS Components – SFTA Fan
Fan can be mounted indoors Impeller – cast allunimum. Housing in steel Direct drive, variable speed, TEFC motor
located outside housing for easy access. Variable Frequency Drive is used on three
phase models (VFD should be located inside the building).
Seven Models
1,500 – 30,000 cfm
Sub Title
EBC30 Modulating ControlEBC30 Modulating Control
Chimney Automati
on System
Modulating
Combustion Air Supply System
MCASMCAS Mechanical Combustion Air Mechanical Combustion Air
SupplySupply
Sub Title
SBC Center – San Antonio, TXSBC Center – San Antonio, TX
Two 16 inch ducted combustion air inletsInstead of
Two 10 foot high by 15 foot long Louvers
Sub Title
Lifetime Fitness – Savage, MNLifetime Fitness – Savage, MN
Sub Title
Marriott Waterfront – Marriott Waterfront – Annapolis, MDAnnapolis, MD
One 24 inch ducted combustion air Instead of one 90 ft.² louver
MDVSMDVSModulating Dryer Venting Modulating Dryer Venting
SystemSystem
MDVSMDVSModulating Dryer Venting Modulating Dryer Venting
SystemSystem
Sub Title
Types of Clothes DryersTypes of Clothes Dryers
• Type 1 dryers: “Domestic” dryers to be used primarily in a family living environment.• Residences• Individual apartments or condominiums
• Type 2 dryers: “Public” dryers designed to be used in business with direct intercourse of the function with the public.• Laundromats• Laundry rooms (apartment complexes, dormitories, etc.)• Business laundries (hotels, hospitals, health clubs, etc.)
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Typical Dryer Manufacturer’s Typical Dryer Manufacturer’s RequirementsRequirements
• Where possible use a single exhaust duct per dryer
• Dryers are to run with a positive outlet pressure.• Type 1 dryers between +0.10 and +0.90 inch W.C.• Type 2 dryers between +0.10 and +0.30 inch W.C.
• Maximum exhaust duct length:• Type 1 dryers = 35 equiv. feet (each elbow = 5 feet)• Type 2 dryers = 15 equiv. feet (each elbow = 5 feet)
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Typical Dryer Manufacturer’s Typical Dryer Manufacturer’s Requirements for Multiple Requirements for Multiple DryersDryers• Vertical venting must not exceed 8 feet and can include up to 3 elbows
• Horizontal venting cannot exceed 15 feet and 1 elbow.
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Common Exhausting of Common Exhausting of Multiple DryersMultiple Dryers
• Common horizontal duct diameter is sized with maximum 0.10 inch W.C. pressure drop
• Pressure drop in main exhaust shaft is only limited by fan’s total pressure capability
• Cleanouts must be provided in the common horizontal as well as the main exhaust shaft for removal of lint
• The BESB fan can be located anywhere down-stream of the last dryer
Sub Title
Use an MDVS forUse an MDVS forMultiple Dryer ExhaustingMultiple Dryer Exhausting
Multistory exhaustingof dryers
Common exhausting ofmultiple dryers
Sub Title
Multistory Exhausting of Multistory Exhausting of DryersDryers
• Type 1 or Type 2 dryers
• If main exhaust shaft does not need to be fire rated – attach connector to main shaft at 45° as previously shown
• If main exhaust shaft does need to be fire rated – attach connector via a 22 inch subduct riser as shown
• Main exhaust shaft and subduct riser must be made of appropriate materials to meet local codes
• In order to offset the subducts, a square or rectangular main exhaust shaft should be considered
Sub Title
Main Issues whenMain Issues whenCommon Exhausting DryersCommon Exhausting Dryers
• For multistory dryer systems where the 22 inch subduct is used to maintain fire rating, a fan MUST BE USED and it must be in operation at all times to comply with code requirements
• IBC 2006
716.5.3 Penetrations of shaft enclosures. Shaftenclosures that are permitted to be penetrated by
ductsand air transfer openings shall be protected withapproved fire and smoke dampers installed in
accordancewith their listing.Exceptions: 1. Fire dampers are not required at penetrationsof shafts where: 1.1 Steel exhaust subducts extend at least 22
inches(559 mm) vertically in exhaust shafts pro-videdthere is a continuous airflow upward tothe outside.
2. In Group B and R occupancies, equipped throughout with and automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 smoke dampers are not required at penetrations of shafts where:2.1. Kitchen, clothes dryer, bathroom and toilet room exhaust are installed with steel exhaust subducts, having a wall thickness of 0.019(0.48 mm); and2.2 That extend at least 22 inches vertically; and2.3 An exhaust fan is installed at the upper terminus of the shaft, that is powered continuously in accordance with Section 909.11, so as to maintain a continuous upward airflow to the outside.
Sub Title
Multistory Exhausting of Multistory Exhausting of DryersDryers
• Main exhaust shaft is made of smooth (fire-rated) material
• Main exhaust shaft sized to max 0.10 inch W.C. pressure drop
• Access door or cleanout to be located at bottom of main exhaust shaft for lint removal
• BESB fan can be located anywhere above top most dryer
Sub Title
MDVS versus Single SpeedMDVS versus Single Speed
MDVS
• ETL Listed mechanical dryer exhaust system
• Usually runs at low rpm = low power
• Uses little to no conditioned air = low additional building heat or A/C
Single Speed
• No listing for lint-laden air
• Runs at full rpm 24 hr/day X 365 days/yr = high power
• Uses a large quantity of conditioned air = large additional building heat and A/C
Sub Title
MDVS versus Single SpeedMDVS versus Single Speed
20 Dryer Multistory Apartment200 cfm X 20 X 50% = 2000 cfm
MDVS Single Speed Savings
Fan Power 41 KW/yr $4 /yr 4368 KW/yr $437 /yr $434 /yr
Loss of heated air1,454,200(BTU/yr)
$15 /yr155,520,000
(BTU/yr)$1,555 /yr $1540 /yr
Loss of A/C air(sensible only)
824,100(BTU/yr)
$5 /yr88,128,000
(BTU/yr)$557 /yr $552 /yr
Location = Atlanta, GA (3000 DDH, 1700 DDC)
Power = $0.10 per KW/h
Heating = $1.00 per therm
A/C = .75 KW/ton X $0.10 per KW/h
Total Annual Savings = $2526
Sub Title
MDVSMDVS – Mechanical Dryer – Mechanical Dryer Venting SystemVenting System
Sub Title
MDVS Components - BESB FanMDVS Components - BESB Fan
• Cast aluminum, backward curved impeller reduces lint build-up. Statically and dynamically balanced with permanently attached balancing weights.
• Insulated hinged fan housing easily opens to provide easy access to duct and impeller
• Direct drive with variable speed TEFC motor located outside housing for easy access. Frequency drive should be located inside the building.
• ETL Listed to UL705 with special consideration for operation with lint-laden air
Four Models
1200 – 5500 cfm
Sub Title
Mechanical Dryer Venting Mechanical Dryer Venting SystemsSystems
MCASMCASModulating Combustion Air Modulating Combustion Air
SupplySupply
for Dryersfor Dryers
MCASMCASModulating Combustion Air Modulating Combustion Air
SupplySupply
for Dryersfor Dryers
Sub Title
Make-Up Air.
• Z223.1-2002
9.4 Clothes Dryers.
9.4.3.2 Provisions for Make-Up Air. Provisions for make-up air shall be provided for Type 2 clothes dryers, with a minimum free area of 1 sq.in. for each 1000 Btu per hr total input rating of the dryer(s) installed.
Why MCAS for Dryers?Why MCAS for Dryers?Why MCAS for Dryers?Why MCAS for Dryers?
Sub Title
Manufacturer’s RequirementManufacturer’s Requirement
• National Fuel Gas Code requires a minimum free area opening of 1 sq.in./1000 Btuh
• Most manufacturers require even larger – approximately 1 sq.in / 700 Btuh. Ex. A twin 30# tumbler dryer with a total input of 204,000 Btuh (1100 cfm) requires a minimum 2 sq.ft. free area opening.
• Most laundry facilities have problems with make-up air. The industry believes it is one of their biggest problems.
Sub Title
MCAS Components – SFTA FanMCAS Components – SFTA Fan
Fan can be mounted indoors Impeller – cast allunimum. Housing in steel Direct drive, variable speed, TEFC motor
located outside housing for easy access. Variable Frequency Drive is used on three
phase models (VFD should be located inside the building).
Seven Models
1,500 – 30,000 cfm
Sub Title
Marriott Waterfront – Marriott Waterfront – Annapolis, MDAnnapolis, MD
One 24 inch ducted combustion air inletInstead of
One 90 ft.² louver
SimulatorsSimulatorsCASV / MCASCASV / MCAS
MDVSMDVS
SimulatorsSimulatorsCASV / MCASCASV / MCAS
MDVSMDVS
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