excretion and regulation

EXCRETION AND REGULATION

A) respiration and replicationB) photosynthesis and excretionC) digestion and recyclingD) circulation and coordination

1. The arrows in the diagram below represent themovement of materials.

This movement of materials indicated by the arrows ismost directly involved in the processes of

A) They will be digested by enzymes in thestomach.

B) They will be removed by the excretory system.C) They will be destroyed by specialized blood

cells.D) They will be absorbed by mitochondria in nearby

cells.

2. What will most likely happen to wastes containingnitrogen produced as a result of the breakdown ofamino acids within liver cells of a mammal?

3. Which structures in diagram I and diagram II carry outa similar life function?

A) 1 and C B) 2 and DC) 3 and A D) 4 and B

A) digestive, circulatory, and immuneB) excretory, respiratory, and reproductiveC) respiratory, excretory, and digestiveD) respiratory, nervous, and endocrine

4. In the diagram of a single-celled organism shownbelow, the arrows indicate various activities takingplace.

Which systems perform these same activities inhumans?


5. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below shows how food is processed in anorganism.

A) digestion B) synthesisC) release into the environment D) use as a neurotransmitter

In animals, letter X most likely represents

A) sugar and uric acidB) sugar and ammoniaC) salts and ureaD) salts and amino acids

6. A biologist analyzed the liquid in the nephridia ofearthworms and the liquid in the nephrons of humans.The liquid found in both organisms was most likelycomposed of water containing

A) dehydration synthesisB) protein metabolismC) aerobic respirationD) carbohydrate metabolism

7. Nitrogenous wastes such as ammonia, urea, and uricacid all result from

A) is stored in food vacuolesB) bonds with uric acidC) readily diffuses into the watery environmentD) is converted to an insoluble fatty acid

8. Ammonia, a very toxic nitrogenous waste, isproduced by aquatic animals. These animals do notdie of ammonia poisoning because ammonia

A) allergic reactionsB) learned behaviorsC) detection and response to stimuliD) reproductive and feeding success

9. Like humans, animals including dogs and cats getgoose bumps. On a cold day, these goose bumpscause their coats to expand creating a layer ofinsulation. If the animal is scared, the coat will alsoexpand making the animal look larger to predators.These responses serve as examples of

A) sexually reproduceB) grow and developC) detect and respond to changeD) metabolize food for energy

10. Riding a bicycle requires balance and constantadjustment and monitoring by the rider in order tocontinue cycling. Successfully riding a bicycle mostdirectly results from the ability to

A) A male stickleback will defend its territoryagainst all other fish.

B) The stimulus for an attack is a model with redfins or a male stickleback.

C) The stimulus for an attack is a redunderside.

D) Male sticklebacks turn red to attract females.

11. Male stickleback fish with red undersides attackother male sticklebacks with red undersides and alsoattack models of fish with red undersides.Sticklebacks and fish models without red undersidesare not attacked. Which is the best inference that canbe drawn regarding this behavior?


A) The mold cannot use the nutrient agar for food.B) The bacteria may release a substance that

prevents mold growth.C) The mold is causing the bacterial colony to

reproduce faster.D) The bacteria are scavengers of the growing

mold.

12. The diagram below represents a petri dish containingnutrient agar. A single bacterial colony, representedby the shaded area, is growing on the surface of theagar. A mold is also growing on the agar surface.

Which statement best explains why no mold isgrowing in the white area next to the bacterialcolony?

A) a boy smelling a flowerB) eyes blinking due to smoke in the airC) a person tapping on the shoulder of a friendD) a loud clap of thunder following lightning

13. An example of a reaction to a stimulus is

A) synapse B) responseC) stimulus D) receptor

14. A change in the external environment that initiatesan impulse is known as a

A) passive transport of chemicalsB) a response to a stimulusC) a tropic responseD) active transport of water

15. When a chemical is added to a slide containing aparamecium, the paramecium moves away from thechemical. This movement is an example of

A) A hawk flying overhead is not observed by asmall bird.

B) A lizard cannot smell the smoke from acampfire.

C) A sound made by a falling stone causes asalamander to jump.

D) A strong wind causes the branches of a tree tosway back and forth.

16. Which statement describes an organism respondingto a stimulus?

A) a reflex B) a responseC) an impulse D) a stimulus

17. A change in the environment that initiates thetransmission of an electrochemical charge along aneuron is known as

A) a response B) an impulseC) a synapse D) a stimulus

18. A change in the external or internal environment ofan organism is known as

A) negative feedback B) a responseC) a stimulus D) active transport

19. Brine shrimp live in shallow coastal waters or nearthe surface of the ocean where light penetrates.Under laboratory conditions, brine shrimp areattracted to areas with the greatest light intensity andavoid areas of low light intensity. The movement ofthe brine shrimp to bright light is an example of

A) receptors initiating a stimulusB) impulses forming in muscle tissueC) muscles responding to a stimulusD) effectors synthesizing neurotransmitters

20. The movement of a bird away from a grass fire iscaused by

A) It may travel through a neuron.B) It may be synthesized in a dendrite.C) It may be stored in an effector.D) It may initiate an impulse.

21. What is one characteristic of a stimulus?


A) stimulus B) chemical impulseC) response D) reflex arc

22. A culture of paramecia was placed on a slide andviewed with the light microscope. A salt crystal wasplaced in the culture on the slide and the parameciawere observed again. The paramecia backed up andmoved away each time they approached the saltcrystal. The paramecia's reaction to the salt crystal isan example of a

A) stimulus B) responseC) reflex D) synapse

23. The sound from an automobile horn caused a dog torun to the side of the road. This sound is an exampleof a

A) pushes the sea hare away rapidly as the ink isexpelled

B) blocks a receptor on certain cells in thelobster

C) causes the lobster to change its preyD) prevents movement of the lobster

24. Lobsters prey on sea hares, which are marineanimals. The lobsters find their prey through a senseof smell. The sea hares defend themselves bysquirting ink at the lobster, as shown in the photobelow. The ink sticks to the lobster, interfering withits sense of smell.

The most likely reason the sea hare can escape isbecause the sea hare ink

A) The brain sends a nerve impulse to the ovary.B) White blood cells bring the hormone to the

ovary.C) Receptor molecules on the cells of the ovary

bind with the hormone.D) Vacuoles within the ovary bind with the

hormone.

25. How do cells in the ovary detect a hormone from thebrain?

A) a receptor moleculeB) an inorganic substanceC) a ribosomeD) an antibody

26. The diagram below represents the region betweentwo nerve cells. Cell A releases a chemical thattravels to and binds with structure X on cell B.

Structure X most likely represents

A) DNA codes for certain molecules thatbecome cell receptors involved in cellcommunication.

B) Cells produce ATP molecules, which becomecell receptors for communication.

C) Cells build new cell parts, which function ascommunication genes.

D) Certain proteins use cell communication tobuild new cell parts made of DNA.

27. Which statement concerning cell communication iscorrect?


A) A B) B C) C D) D

28. The diagram below represents a model of a biological process that occurs in humans at normal bodytemperature, 37°C.

Increasing body temperature to 40°C would interfere most directly with the rate of function ofstructure

A) amino acidsB) receptor moleculesC) gametesD) nerve cell

29. The ability of estrogen to affect certain cells dependsdirectly on

A) starches and simple sugarsB) subunits of DNAC) vitamins and mineralsD) receptor molecules

30. Which substances are found on cell surfaces andrespond to nerve and hormone signals?

A) pathogenic agentsB) chloroplastsC) antibioticsD) receptor molecules

31. In multicellular organisms, cells must be able tocommunicate with each other. Structures that enablemost cells to communicate with each other areknown as

A) organs that interpret stimuliB) structures that respond to stimuliC) tissues that initiate stimuliD) cells that transmit stimuli

32. Effectors are best described as

A) a sensory nerve B) an effectorC) a ganglion D) a tympanum

33. Three types of skin receptors are represented in thediagram below.

Structure X is most likely

A) receptors B) effectorsC) stimuli D) responses

34. Small hairs on the legs of certain insects have theability to detect chemicals. These hairs function as


A) synthesize neurotransmittersB) detect changes in the external environmentC) carry messages away from the central nervous

systemD) directly initiate an impulse in an effecter

35. A portion of a reflex arc is represented in thediagram below.

The function of structure A is to

A) muscles B) receptorsC) glands D) effecters

36. Structures adapted to convert stimuli into nerveimpulses are known as

A) stimulus B) responseC) receptor D) hormone

37. When the antenna of a male moth detects tinyamounts of the chemical released by a female moth,the antenna is functioning as a

A) interpret impulsesB) detect stimuliC) transmit information directly to a muscleD) release neurotransmitters in a motor area

38. In the human nervous system, the function of areceptor is to

A) A B) B C) C D) D

39. In the diagram below, which letter indicates aneffector?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

40. The diagram below represents a neuron.

Which number indicates an area where a stimulus isdetected and an electrochemical impulse isconducted to the cyton?

A) a muscle fiber B) the thyroid glandC) a salivary gland D) a taste bud

41. A receptor that detects stimuli from the externalenvironment is

A) an effector B) a synapseC) a terminal branch D) a receptor

42. A specialized neuron ending that detects changes inpressure in the skin is functioning as

A) movement of a stimulus in a cytonB) transport of oxygen in a nerveC) transfer of an impulse from one neuron to

anotherD) response of an effector to a stimulus

43. The diagram below represents part of the humannervous system.

The arrows in the diagram show the


A) responses B) stimuliC) dendrites D) impulses

44. The diagram below shows a specialized cell.

This type of cell transmits electrochemical signalsknown as

A) a synapse B) an effectorC) an impulse D) a receptor

45. An electrochemical message that produces aresponse in a muscle is

46. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below of a cell associated with coordinationand on your knowledge of biology.

A) It unites with an egg cell during fertilization.B) It synthesizes a hormone involved in the control

of blood sugar level.C) It releases chemicals involved in cellular

communication.D) It controls the replication of genetic material.

Which statement best describes a function of theentire structure shown in the diagram?

A) communication between cellsB) transport of nutrients to various organsC) regulation of reproductive rates within other

cellsD) an exchange of gases within the body

47. Nerve cells are essential to an animal because theydirectly provide

A) along an axon B) by a dendriteC) by a cyton D) into a synapse

48. To aid in the transmission of an impulse,neurotransmitters are secreted

A) A B) B C) C D) D

49. Which letter in the diagram below indicates asynapse?

A) antibodiesB) antigensC) neurotransmittersD) lipids

50. Which substances are secreted at the endings ofnerve cells?

A) a chemical that helps to relay impulsesB) an electrochemical impulseC) a structure found in a dendriteD) an external environmental stimulus

51. A neurotransmitter is best described as

A) neurotransmittersB) auxinsC) antibodiesD) vitamins

52. In humans, which substances are synthesized andsecreted by the terminal branches of nerve cells?

A) dendrites B) axonsC) synapses D) cytons

53. Nerve impulses are able to pass between neuronsonly at specialized junctions known as

A) 1 4 B) 3 5 C) 3 4 D) 1 2

54. In the diagram below, as an impulse travels fromstructure 1 to structure 5, which sequence doesnot include the secretion of a neurotransmitter?


A) A B) B C) C D) D

55. The diagram below represents the functional unit ofa nervous system.

Which letter indicates a structure that secretes aneurotransmitter?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

56. In the diagram of two neurons shown below, atwhich point would a substance that interferes withthe action of a neurotransmitter be most effective?

A) appropriately shaped receptorsB) the appropriate antibodiesC) ribosomes that produce adrenalineD) genes that break down adrenaline

57. The hormone adrenaline can affect only cells with

A) an antibody B) an antibioticC) a hormone D) a starch

58. A substance directly involved in cellularcommunication within the human body is

A) Hormone A is synthesized by cell 2 and targetscell 1.

B) Hormone B bonds with both cell 1 and cell 2.C) Specific reactions carried out by cell 1 are

regulated by hormone C.D) The specialized receptor molecules on cell 1

secrete hormone B.

59. The diagram below represents cells and hormonespresent in the human body.

Which statement correctly describes an interactionbetween the hormones and the cells?


A) transport of chemical messenger moleculesinto the cell nucleus

B) extraction of energy from nutrientsC) separation of cell contents from the outside

environmentD) digestion of large molecules

60. Base your answer to the question on the diagrambelow and on your knowledge of biology.

Structure X most likely functions in the

A) fats B) antibioticsC) minerals D) hormones

61. Which substances play an important role incommunication between cells in a multicellularorganism by acting as chemical messengers?

A) Secretions provide the energy needed formetabolism.

B) The raw materials for the synthesis ofsecretions come from nitrogen.

C) The secretions of all glands speed bloodcirculation in the body.

D) Secretions help the body to respond tochanges from the normal state.

62. The diagram below illustrates some functions of thepituitary gland. The pituitary gland secretessubstances that, in turn, cause other glands to secretedifferent substances. Homeostasis is themaintenance of dynamic equilibrium.

Which statement best describes events shown in thediagram?

A) bacteria interfered with normal lifefunctions of the birds

B) disease that killed the birds was inheritedC) gene alterations in the bacterial cells killed the

birdsD) birds produced antigens in response to the

bacteria

63. Worms that had been invaded by bacteria were eatenby a species of bird. Many of these birds died as aresult. The most likely explanation for this is that the


A) blood sugar concentrationB) physical characteristicsC) the rate of digestionD) the ability to carry out respiration

64. The diagram below represents the reproductivesystem of a mammal.

The hormone produced in structure A most directlybrings about a change in

65. Base your answer to the following question on What is represented by the sequence below?

A) a feedback mechanism in multicellular organismsB) an immune response by cells of the pancreasC) differentiation of organic moleculesD) the disruption of cellular communication

A) hormones, onlyB) nerves, onlyC) hormones and nervesD) auxins and tropisms

66. In the process of regulation, both dandelions andgrasshoppers utilize

A) circulatory B) digestiveC) excretory D) nervous

67. Which system is responsible for transportinghormones from endocrine glands to various bodytissues?


A) a hormone important in maintaininghomeostasis

B) an enzyme detected by a cell membranereceptor

C) DNA necessary for regulating cell functionsD) a food molecule taken in by an organism

68. An important method of communication betweencells in an organism is shown in the diagram below.

What is the chemical referred to in the diagram?

A) antibodies B) auxinsC) neurotransmitters D) hormones

69. Animal metamorphosis, such as the development ofa caterpillar into an adult butterfly, is controlled bychemicals known as

A) auxins B) hormones C) vitamins D) minerals

70. The diagram below represents four stages of development in an arthropod. Which substances mostdirectly regulate the process illustrated in the diagram?


A) transport of glucose downward in stemsB) production of flowersC) development of seedsD) growth of stem tips toward light

71. Which process in plants is not controlled byhormones?

A) conversion of mechanical energy into radiantenergy

B) action of contractile fibersC) conversion of light energy into heat energyD) action of plant hormones

72. The diagram below shows a growth response in aplant.

This growth response results from the

A) prevent the growth of cells on the light side ofthe plant

B) stimulate the growth of cells on the dark sideof the plant

C) are activated when they are exposed to lightD) are distributed evenly throughout the plant stem

73. After several days near a window, a house plantbegan to grow toward the window. This growthpattern occurred because hormones

A) pigments B) hormonesC) tropisms D) neurotransmitters

74. Plants produce substances that regulate their growthpatterns. These substances are known as

A) They are produced at area A and only affectarea A.

B) They are produced at area B and only affectarea B.

C) They are produced at area A and transported toarea B.

D) They are produced at area B and transported toarea A.

75. The diagram below represents the tip of a growingplant stem.

Which statement best describes the hormones in thisstem?

A) unequal hormone distributionB) the adhesive property of waterC) transpirational pullD) the storage of glucose

76. What causes the stem of a tomato plant to bendtoward light?

A) Insects chew small holes in the leaves of amaple tree.

B) The roots of a willow tree grow towardwater.

C) A dog barks at a rabbit in a field.D) A bean plant absorbs minerals from the soil.

77. Which statement best illustrates a tropism?


A) Seedling A grew away from the light sourceand seedling B grew toward the light source.

B) Seedling A grew toward the light source andseedling B grew away from the light source.

C) Both seedlings grew away from the lightsource.

D) Both seedlings grew toward the light source.

78. The diagram below shows the tips of two oatseedlings exposed to a fixed light source. In seedlingA, metal foil was inserted partially through theseedling just below the tip, blocking the flow of anychemicals down the side of the stem facing thesource of light.

What was most likely observed after 3 days ofexposure to the light?

A) hormones B) chlorophyllC) carbon dioxide D) simple sugars

79. The plant growth responses in young stems and thestimulation of rapid and extensive root formation onstem cuttings are most directly influenced by thepresence of

A) chlorophyll B) hormonesC) gravity D) glands

80. The bending of a stem toward light results mainlyfrom the action of

A) destroy the toxic waste products of plant cellsB) encourage root formation on plant cuttingsC) change flower colorD) slow down plant transpiration

81. Many commercial florists successfully use planthormones to

A) vitamins B) neurotransmittersC) hormones D) antibodies

82. In plants, the growth of leaves toward sunlight andthe growth of roots toward moisture-rich regions ofthe soil are controlled by

A) Plants B and D would bend away from thelight.

B) Plants A and C would bend toward the light.C) Only plant A would respond to the light.D) Only plants B, C, and D would respond to the

light.

83. In an experiment investigating the response of plantseedlings to light, four seedlings were prepared asshown in the diagram and exposed to a light sourcefor 36 hours.

What would be the most likely result of thisexperiment?

A) Light affects the distribution of hormonesB) More photosynthesis takes place on side B than

on side AC) Cells on side B grow faster than those on side AD) Light stimulates a geotropic response

84. Which is the best explanation for the growth patternof the plant represented in the diagram below?

Answer KeyEXCRETION AND REGULATION

1. B2. B3. D4. C5. C6. C7. B8. C9. C10. C11. C12. B13. B14. C15. B16. C17. D18. D19. B20. C21. D22. C23. A24. B25. C26. A27. A28. A29. B30. D31. D32. B33. A34. A35. B36. B

37. C38. B39. D40. A41. D42. D43. C44. D45. C46. C47. A48. D49. C50. C51. A52. A53. C54. D55. D56. C57. A58. C59. C60. A61. D62. D63. A64. B65. A66. A67. A68. A69. D70. B71. A72. D

73. B74. B75. A76. A77. B78. D79. A80. B81. B82. C83. B84. A

excretion and regulation

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