excavating equipment ppt,excavating instrument ppt,advance construction equipment ppt
TRANSCRIPT
presentADVANCE CONSTRUCTION
& EQUIPMENTS
SHAILESH KALASARIYAGuided:-
Civil:-B
Excavating EquipmentSTopic:-
Savani MilanRathod RasheshVegad Kartik
141110106081141110106078141110106095
PARTICIPATED STUDENTS
Excavation Digging of large quantities of earth Moving them to distances which are sometimes
fairly long Placement Compacting Leveling Dozing Grading Hauling
OPERATIONS INVOLVED IN CONSTRUCTION OF ANY
PROJECT
EXCAVATING EQUIPMENTS
Power shovel Drag line Hoes Clam shell Trenching Machines Tractors Bull dozer Rippers Scrapers
EXCAVATING AND EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
To excavate the earth and to load the trucks
capable of excavating all types of earth except hard rock
size varies from 0.5m3 to 5m3 . Basics parts of power shovel
including the track system, cabin, cables, rack, stick, boom foot-pin, saddle block, boom, boom point sheaves and bucket.
POWER SHOVEL
For Excavation above its own track or wheel level
For cutting and for loadingSuitable for heavy positive cutting in all types
of dry soil.
APPLICATION
Old new
Hoist line Boom
axis of rotation Bucket Cab
Crawler mounting
BASIC PARTS AND OPERATION
Crawler mounted. Low travel speed.On soft grounds. Wheel mounted. High speed.On hard ground.
Large open pit , floor must be well drained , haul road must be well.
Angle of swing 90°. Optimum depth.
TYPES OF POWER SHOVEL
CONDITIONS FOR OPERATION
Class of material Depth of cutting Angle of swing Job condition Management condition Size of hauling units Skill of the operator Physical condition of the shovel
FACTORS AFFECTING OUTPUT OF POWER SHOVEL
The drag line is so name because of its prominent operation of dragging the bucket against the material to be dug.
Unlike the shovel, it has a long light crane boom and the bucket is loosely attached to the boom through cables.
Because of this construction, a dragline can dig and dump over larger distances than a shovel can do.
Drag lines are useful for digging below its track level and handling softer materials.
DRAG LINE
Hoist cable Hoisting cable
Crane boom
Gantry Hoist Chain Drag Cable
Cab Drag Chain Crawler Bucket Mounting
BASIC PARTS AND OPERATION
Crawler mounted - Low travel speed, soft ground, large projects Wheel mounted - high travel speed, firm ground & scattered job Truck mounted - high travel speed, firm ground & scattered jobs Walking draglines
TYPES OF DRAGLINES
Output = dragline capacity × C × F where C = cycles/hr
F = correcting factor
Advantages Disadvantages Can work from the ground
surface while shovel has to be taken into the pit.
Hauling equipments need not to go in the pit.
Excavated material disposed in one operation.
High range than shovel.
Less digging force. As the boom length
increases the bucket size must be decreased.
Output is less than shovel.
OUTPUT
Size and type of bucket (0.38 to 3.06 )Light bucket – loose, dry.Medium – clays, compacted gravel.Heavy – hard materials
Length of crane boom (50,60 and 70 ft Type of material Angle of swing Depth of cut Working conditions,maintainance Size of hauling unit Operator skill
FACTORS AFFECTING THE OUTPUT
Also known as hoe, back shovel and pull shovel
It is used to excavate below the natural surface on which it rests.
Generally used to excavate trenches, pits for basements and also for grading works, which requires precise control of depths.
The basic parts are boom, Jack boom, Boom foot drum, Boom sheave, Stick sheave, Stick, Bucket and Bucket sheave
BACK HOE
Bucket cylinder stick cylinder cab boom dipper cylinder stick Bucket boom(dipper)
BASIC PARTS AND OPERATION
Though not efficient as shovel. Most suitable for digging below the machine level. Levelling and loading. Used to trim the surface.
Maximum Excavation depth. Maximum Working radius. Maximum dumping height. Hoisting capability.
APPLICATIONS
POINTS FOR SELECTION OF HOE
Excavation depth. Most affective digging when boom stick
is at 90 to boom. Max. output when excavation near
machine. Optimum depth.(50 to 60% of max
digging depth)
Advantages Disadvantages Hoe exert greater tooth pressure
than shovel due to direct pull. Due to rigidity superior than
draglines. Superior to trenching machines
when the side banks are allowed to have natural slope.
Not efficient as shovels. Slow in working when dumping in
hauling machines. Liable to fall.
FACTORS AFFECTING OUTPUT
The name the machine is derived from the shape of its bucket.
The shape of bucket is that of the shell hinged at the top which can be closed and opened in two parts.
Selection depends largely on the requirement of the job.
CLAM SHELL
Consists of two shells with hinged at the top and provided with sharp edges at the bottom.
Heavy types of buckets with sharp cutting edges are used for hard soils and light buckets with plane edges for loose soil.
Used mostly in lifting the heavy rock pieces.
Sometimes more than two jaws are used for lifting large sized particles.
Shell Hinge Shell
Hoist line
Sheaves
brackets
BUCKET
Unit must be on level ground. Bucket teeth should be sharp. Dumping distance = digging distance. In soft soils teeth should be removed.
Production = capacity() × C × F C = cycles/hr
F = correction factor
EFFECTIVE USE
OUTPUT/PRODUCTION OF CLAM SHELL
Height of lift. Angle of swing. Method of disposing. Operator’s skill.
Used for loose materials such as crushed stones. Main function is to vertical lifting of material from one
place to another. Digging and dumping in vertical plane. Accurate dumping. Charging and removing the materials from a stock
pile,cofferdams,etc.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE OUTPUT
APPLICATIONS :
Excavate all type of soils except rocks. Mostly crawler mounted.
Excavating trenches for water,oil,gas pipes, sewers & telephone cable . Deepening of existing drainages. Used where control on depth and width is
required. Fast digging. Reduces the cost of hand finishing.
TRENCHING MACHINES
APPLICATIONS
1. Wheel type : Consists of power driven wheel
mounted with number of removable buckets with teeth.
They can cut trench of width upto 30 to 150 cm.
Maximum cutting depth 2.5 – 3 m.
Have greater digging speeds. For narrow trench in firm soil this
type is suitable.
TYPES OF TRENCHING MACHINES
2. Ladder type : Consists of two endless chains which
travel along the boom and the buckets equipped with teeth are attached.
Sometimes side cutters are attach to increase the width of the trench.
The conveyer belt disposes the excavated soil on the either side.
Maximum cutting width upto 360 cm. Maximum cutting depth 9.0 to 10.0
m. Digging speed is 30 m or more.
3. Vertical boom type :
Modified of ladder type. Trench width ranges from 40 to 70 cm.
Type of soil. Obstructions Depth and width of the trench. Right of way for disposal of earth.
Amount of work. Topography of the area.Water table. Climatic conditions
POINTS TAKEN CARE WHILE SELECTING THE TYPE
Items Power shovel
Hoe dragline Clam shell
Excavation in hard soil or rock
Good Good Not good Poor
Excavation in wet soil or mud.
Poor Poor Moderate Moderate
Distance between footing and digging.
Small Small Long Long
Loading efficiency. Very good Good Moderate Precise but slow
Footing required. Close to work Close to pit Fairly away from pit
Fairly away from pit
Digging level Digs at or above footing
Digs below footing
Below footing
Digs at or above footing
Cycle time Short Slightly more than shovel
More than power shovel
More than others
COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXCAVATING EQUIPMENTS
Determine the cost of production in terms of rupees/.
Excavating equipment : Hoe with 1.51 having cycle time of 16 sec and operating factor 55 minute/hr.Cost 3500/hour.
Material : good common earth with swell of 20% and fill factor of 0.85.
Hauling units : trucks 8.5 capacity operating factor 50 minutes/hour and having round trip time 22 mins.Cost 400/hour.
Solution :Equipment type : hoeBucket capacity : 1.51Cycle time : 16 secFill factor : 0.85Swelling : 20 % operation factor : 55 min / hour
EXAMPLE : (GTU MAY/JUNE 2012)
Ideal hour output: no of cycle = = = 225 cycles
Ideal hourly output () : 225 × 1.51 = 340 Probable hourly output = 340 × operation factor × fill factor × swell
= 340 × (50/60) × 0.85 × (1/1.20) = 220.76 Cost 3500/hr Cost of excavation / = 3500/220.76 = 15.85 / Hauling cost/ : output /hour = 8.5 × 50/22 = 19.32 cost Rs. 400/hr Hauling cost/ = 400/19.32 = Rs. 20.70/
Total cost of excavation and hauling = 15.85 + 20.70 = Rs. 36.55/
Multi-purpose machines used mainly for pulling and pushing the other equipment.
Tractors may be classified as
a) Crawler type tractor- Used to move bull dozers, scrapers. The crawler has a chain by which these tractors can be very effective even in the case of loose or muddy soils. The speed of this type dose not exceed 12 kmph normally.
b) Wheel type tractor- The engine is mounted on four wheels. The main advantage is higher speed, sometimes exceeding 50 kmph it is used for long-distance hauling and good roads.
TRACTORS
CRAWLER TYPE TRACTOR
WHEEL TYPE TRACTOR
Crawler type Wheeled type
1. Slow speed 1. Greater speed
2. More compact and powerful and can handle heavier jobs
2. Con handle only lighter jobs
3. costly 3. cheaper
4. Cost of operation and maintenance is high
4. Operational and maintenance cost is less
5. Stick control for steering 5. Wheel steering control
6. Moves on rough roads only 6. Moves on rough as well as good roads
7. Used for short distances 7.Used for longer distances
8. Requires skillful operation, maintenance and repairs
8. Lesser skills required for operations, maintenance and repairs
COMPARISON BETWEEN CRAWLER AND WHEELED TRACTORS
BULL DOZERThe heavy blade attached to the tractor pushes the material from
one place to another.The tractor can be of the crawler or the wheeled type.
1. Position of bladesa) Bull dozers in which the blade perpendicular to the
direction of movementb) Angle dozers in which the blade is set at an angle with the
direction of movement.
CLASSIFICATION OF BULL DOZER
2. Based on mountingsa) Wheel mountedb)Crawler mounted
3. Based on the controlc) Cable controlledd)Hydraulically controlled
Bull dozers are mainly used for the following operations1. For spreading the earth fill2. For opening up pilot roads through mountainous and rocky
terrains.3. Clearing construction sites.4. Maintaining haul roads5. Clearing land from the trees and stumps6. back-filling trenches at construction sites by dragging the
earth from one place to another
APPLICATIONS
Unique machine for digging and long-distance hauling of plough able materials.
self-operating machine It is not dependent on other equipment. Wheels of machine cause some compaction. The basic parts of scrapers are the bowl, apron and tail gate
or ejector.
SCRAPERS
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