Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A

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Anatomy Final Exam Review: This review is an overview, and does not represent a complete copy of the final exam, nor is it an exhaustive listing of topics from this year.

Directions: Complete this Exam Review, and Bring it with you on Final Exam Day, to earn 5 Extra Credit points added to your Anatomy Final Exam Score.

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?a. Cells are the basic units of life.b. All living things are made of cells.c. Very few cells reproduce.d. All cells are produced by existing cells.

____ 2. The cell theory applies toa. bacteria. c. multicellular organisms.b. plants and animals. d. all of the above

____ 3. Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know?a. The cell lacks cytoplasm. c. The cell lacks a nucleus.b. The cell lacks a cell membrane. d. The cell lacks genetic material.

____ 4. Which of the following contain a nucleus?a. prokaryotes c. eukaryotesb. bacteria d. organelles

____ 5. Eukaryotes usually containa. a nucleus. c. genetic material.b. specialized organelles. d. all of the above

____ 6. Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?a. plants c. bacteriab. animals d. all of the above

____ 7. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?a. stores DNAb. controls most of the cell’s processesc. contains the information needed to make proteinsd. all of the above

____ 8. Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus?a. cytoplasm c. chromatinb. nucleolus d. DNA

____ 9. Which of the following statements explains why the nucleus is important to cells?a. Only eukaryotes have nuclei.b. Only prokaryotes have nuclei.c. The nucleus contains coded instructions for making proteins.d. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.

____ 10. Which of the following structures is found in the cytoplasm?a. nucleolus c. chromatinb. ribosome d. cell wall

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 11. Which organelle breaks down food into molecules the cell can use?a. Golgi apparatus c. endoplasmic reticulumb. lysosome d. mitochondrion

____ 12. Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?a. Golgi apparatus c. vacuoleb. mitochondrion d. ribosome

____ 13. Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?a. chloroplast c. endoplasmic reticulumb. Golgi apparatus d. mitochondrion

____ 14. Which organelles help provide cells with energy?a. mitochondria and chloroplasts c. smooth endoplasmic reticulumb. rough endoplasmic reticulum d. Golgi apparatus and ribosomes

____ 15. Which sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell?a. rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from the cellb. ribosome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplastc. smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, Golgi apparatusd. mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, cell membrane

____ 16. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?a. mitochondrion c. chloroplastb. ribosome d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

____ 17. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?a. helps a cell keep its shape c. surrounds the cellb. contains DNA d. helps make proteins

____ 18. Which structures carry out cell movement?a. cytoplasm and ribosomes c. microtubules and microfilamentsb. nucleolus and nucleus d. chromosomes

____ 19. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?a. helps the cell maintain its shapeb. helps the cell movec. prevents chromosomes from separatingd. helps organelles within the cell move

____ 20. The main function of the cell wall is toa. support and protect the cell. c. direct the activities of the cell.b. store DNA. d. help the cell move.

____ 21. Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall isa. found in all organisms. c. a flexible barrier.b. composed of a lipid bilayer. d. usually made of tough fibers.

____ 22. You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?a. plants c. fungib. animals d. all of the above

____ 23. Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment?a. mitochondrion c. chloroplastb. cell membrane d. channel proteins

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 24. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?a. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foodsb. stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydratesc. keeps the cell wall in placed. regulates which materials enter and leave the cell

____ 25. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?a. carbohydrates c. bilipidsb. lipids d. proteins

____ 26. Diffusion is the movement of molecules froma. an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.b. an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.c. an area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration.d. all of the above

____ 27. Diffusion occurs becausea. molecules constantly move and collide with each other.b. the concentration of a solution is never the same throughout a solution.c. the concentration of a solution is always the same throughout a solution.d. molecules never move or collide with each other.

____ 28. When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules willa. move across the membrane to the outside of the cell.b. stop moving across the membrane.c. move across the membrane in both directions.d. move across the membrane to the inside of the cell.

____ 29. Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?a. diffusion c. facilitated diffusionb. osmosis d. active transport

____ 30. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is calleda. osmotic pressure. c. facilitated diffusion.b. osmosis. d. active transport.

____ 31. An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causesa. water to move into the cell. c. solutes to move into the cell.b. water to move out of the cell. d. solutes to move out of the cell.

____ 32. Which term refers to cells having different jobs in an organism?a. multicellular c. levels of organizationb. cell specialization d. unicellular

____ 33. The cells of multicellular organisms area. smaller than those of unicellular organisms.b. simpler than those of unicellular organisms.c. specialized to perform different tasks.d. not dependent on one another.

____ 34. All of the following are examples of cell specialization EXCEPTa. a pancreatic cell that produces protein-digesting enzymes.b. muscle cells that control movement of materials in the bodyc. a prokaryotic cell that carries out photosynthesis.d. a red blood cell that carries oxygen.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 35. Which of the following is an example of an organ?a. heart c. digestive systemb. epithelial tissue d. nerve cell

____ 36. All of the following are types of tissues EXCEPTa. muscle. c. digestive.b. connective. d. nerve.

____ 37. A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a(an)a. organ. c. tissue.b. organ system. d. division of labor.

____ 38. Which of the following is an organ of the digestive system?a. stomach c. muscle cellb. nerve tissue d. epithelial tissue

____ 39. An organ system is a group of organs thata. are made up of similar cells.b. are made up of similar tissues.c. work together to perform a specific function.d. work together to perform all the functions in a multicellular organism.

____ 40. Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level?a. cell, tissue, organ system c. tissue, organ, organ systemb. organ system, organ, tissue, cell d. cell, tissue, organ, organ system

____ 41. The basic types of tissue in the human body area. cell, organ, and organ system.b. sight, smell, and hearing.c. thyroid, trachea, adenoid, and bronchus.d. muscle, nervous, connective, and epithelial.

____ 42. Which system regulates and controls growth, development, and metabolism?a. endocrine system c. integumentary systemb. lymphatic system d. skeletal system

____ 43. The levels of organization in the body includea. endocrine, respiratory, digestive, and nervous.b. cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.c. cells, tissues, and functions.d. lymphatic, respiratory, and circulatory.

____ 44. How many organ systems make up the human body?a. 4 c. 8b. 5 d. 11

____ 45. A group of similar cells that perform a single function is called a(an)a. nerve. c. tissue.b. organ. d. organ system.

____ 46. Which type of tissue lines your internal organs?a. epithelial c. nerveb. connective d. muscle

____ 47. Which type of tissue enables a person’s fingers to move as he or she plays the piano?a. epithelial c. nerveb. connective d. muscle

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 48. Which type of tissue provides support for the body?a. epithelial c. nerveb. connective d. muscle

____ 49. The process by which organ systems maintain relatively constant internal conditions is calleda. circulation. c. homeostasis.b. organization. d. teamwork.

____ 50. Which process enables the body to maintain a stable temperature?a. heating c. feedback inhibitionb. circulation d. cellular activity

____ 51. The level of chemicals in the body that speed up cellular activity is regulated bya. action potential. c. the sympathetic nervous system.b. feedback inhibition. d. the parasympathetic nervous system.

____ 52. Which system coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment?a. lymphatic system c. excretory systemb. nervous system d. reproductive system

____ 53. Neurons are classified by thea. direction in which they carry impulses.b. amount of metabolic activity that takes place.c. number of dendrites that branch out.d. number of impulses that they carry.

____ 54. Cells that transmit electrical signals through the nervous system to various organs in the body are called

a. nerves. c. organelles.b. neurons. d. tissues.

____ 55. What begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the environment?a. a threshold c. an impulseb. an action potential d. a dendrite

____ 56. What is the function of neurotransmitters?a. to transmit nerve impulses through dendritesb. to stimulate the production of epinephrinec. to transmit nerve impulses across synapsesd. none of the above

____ 57. For a neuron to reach an action potential, it musta. release electrons.b. absorb calcium.c. reverse the electrical charge across the cell membrane.d. take in sodium ions.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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Figure 35–1

____ 58. Refer to Figure 35–1. The cell body of a neuron collects information from which structure?a. A c. Cb. B d. E

____ 59. When an impulse reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release ofa. neurotransmitters. c. dendrites.b. sodium ions. d. receptors.

____ 60. What is the function of the central nervous system?a. to relay messages c. to analyze informationb. to process information d. all of the above

____ 61. Which of the following is a function of the cerebrum?a. controls conscious activities of the bodyb. controls heart ratec. controls blood pressured. controls breathing

____ 62. The region of the brain that recognizes hunger is thea. brain stem. c. hypothalamus.b. medulla oblongata. d. thalamus.

____ 63. The ability to move your right hand is controlled by thea. left hemisphere of the cerebrum.b. right hemisphere of the cerebrum.c. both the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum.d. neither hemisphere of the cerebrum.

____ 64. A student’s ability to think about a question and answer it correctly is directly controlled by thea. brain stem. c. medulla.b. cerebellum. d. cerebrum.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 65. Which division(s) of the peripheral nervous system transmit(s) impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system?a. sensory division c. sensory and motor divisionsb. motor division d. spinal cord division

____ 66. Which division of the nervous system controls the ability to dance?a. somatic c. centralb. autonomic d. brain

____ 67. The division of the nervous system that helps the body react to pain is thea. somatic nervous system. c. autonomic nervous system.b. sensory nervous system. d. sympathetic nervous system.

____ 68. Sense organs are part of thea. peripheral nervous system. c. autonomic nervous system.b. central nervous system. d. parasympathetic nervous system.

____ 69. What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?a. brain and spinal cord c. somatic and autonomicb. thalamus and hypothalamus d. sensory and motor

____ 70. Which of the following general categories of sensory receptors are located everywhere in the body except the brain?a. thermoreceptors c. photoreceptorsb. mechanoreceptors d. pain receptors

____ 71. Which general category of sensory receptors detects variations in temperature?a. thermoreceptors c. photoreceptorsb. mechanoreceptors d. pain receptors

____ 72. Sensory receptors that are sensitive to chemicals are found in thea. skin, body core, and hypothalamus. c. eyes.b. skin, skeletal muscles, and inner ears. d. nose and taste buds.

____ 73. Which of the five senses contains two types of photoreceptors called rods and cones?a. vision c. smellb. hearing d. taste

____ 74. In which of the following structures might an infection cause dizziness?a. semicircular canals c. eardrumb. oval window d. cochlea

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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Figure 35–2

____ 75. Which labeled structure in Figure 35–2 creates pressure waves in the cochlea?a. structure A c. structure Cb. structure B d. structure D

____ 76. In Figure 35–2, which labeled structure sends impulses to the brain that enable it to determine body motion and position?a. structure A c. structure Cb. structure B d. structure D

____ 77. Which sense relies on the largest sense organ in the body?a. touch c. smellb. hearing d. taste

____ 78. If you did not like the flavor of a certain oral liquid medicine, you could hide much of its taste bya. closing your eyes. c. holding your nose.b. covering your ears. d. folding your hands together.

____ 79. Drugs that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate are calleda. stimulants. c. opiates.b. depressants. d. alcohol.

____ 80. What types of drugs slow down the activity of the central nervous system?a. stimulants c. opiatesb. depressants d. cocaine

____ 81. Uncontrollable pain and sickness occur because the body cannot produce enough endorphins when a drug user attempts to stop usinga. opiates. c. crack.b. cocaine. d. marijuana.

____ 82. The most widely abused legal drug isa. marijuana. c. amphetamines.b. tranquilizers. d. alcohol.

____ 83. What system does alcohol immediately affect?a. digestive c. nervousb. circulatory d. endocrine

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 84. Alcohol does each of the following EXCEPTa. slow reflexes. c. impair judgment.b. stimulate heart rate. d. disrupt coordination.

____ 85. One third of all homicides can be attributed to the effects ofa. alcohol. c. crack.b. cocaine. d. opiates.

____ 86. Which of the following is NOT part of the axial skeleton?a. skull c. pelvisb. vertebral column d. rib cage

____ 87. Which of the following provides support for the body, attachment sites for muscles, and protection for internal organs?a. skin c. skeletonb. spinal cord d. joints

____ 88. Which of the following is NOT a function of bones in the human skeletal system?a. store minerals c. move body partsb. regulate body temperature d. protect organs

____ 89. How many bones are found in an adult human skeleton?a. 150 c. 206b. 200 d. 212

____ 90. The main function of the skull is toa. produce blood cells. c. protect the brain.b. protect the heart and lungs. d. act like a lever for muscle attachment.

____ 91. Which of the following contains nerves and blood vessels and runs through the compact bone?a. osteocytes c. bone marrowb. Haversian canals d. periosteum

____ 92. Which of the following is true about red marrow?a. It makes blood cells. c. It produces new bone.b. It stores fat. d. It is found in compact bones of adults.

____ 93. The periosteum is aa. place for storing fat cells.b. location for red blood cell production.c. tough layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone.d. latticework structure that adds strength to the bone.

____ 94. Where are Haversian canals located?a. in the periosteum c. running through cartilageb. running through compact bone d. running through spongy bone

____ 95. Which of the following is NOT true about spongy bone?a. It is less dense than compact bone.b. It is organized into structures that resemble a bridge’s supporting girders.c. It is soft and spongy.d. It adds strength to bone without adding mass.

____ 96. What is the skeleton of an embryo mainly composed of?a. bone c. bone marrowb. cartilage d. growth plates

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 97. What is the function of cells called osteoclasts?a. build and maintain bone c. support the skinb. break down bone d. produce blood cells

____ 98. If a bone is broken, which of the following produces new bone tissue to heal the break?a. marrow c. osteoblastsb. Haversian canals d. leukocytes

____ 99. Which are mature bone cells embedded in the bone matrix?a. osteoblasts c. osteoclastsb. osteocytes d. cartilage

____ 100. Ossification occurs in which of the following?a. embryosb. newborn children and teenagersc. embryos and newborn childrend. embryos, newborn children, and teenagers

Figure 36–1

____ 101. Diagram A in Figure 36–1 is an example of aa. ball-and-socket joint. c. hinge joint.b. saddle joint. d. pivot joint.

____ 102. Saddle joints are represented in which diagram in Figure 36–1?a. Diagram A c. Diagram Cb. Diagram B d. Diagram D

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 103. Which type of freely movable joints in Figure 36–1 are examples of joints that permit only back-and-forth movement?a. Diagram A c. Diagram Cb. Diagram B d. Diagram D

____ 104. Ligaments connecta. cartilage to bone. c. bone to muscle.b. muscle to muscle. d. bone to bone.

____ 105. What body part has a joint that works in a manner similar to a door?a. wrist c. skullb. thumb d. knee

Figure 36–2

____ 106. In Figure 36–2, B is an example ofa. cardiac muscle. c. smooth muscle.b. skeletal muscle. d. heart muscle.

____ 107. Which diagram(s) in Figure 36–2 show(s) muscles that are striated?a. A and B c. Cb. B d. A and C

____ 108. Which diagram(s) in Figure 36–2 show(s) muscles that decrease the size of the pupils of your eyes in bright light?a. A c. Cb. B d. A and C

____ 109. About what percentage of the mass of the human body is made up of muscle?a. less than 10 percent c. 30 percentb. 20 percent d. more than 40 percent

____ 110. Where is cardiac muscle tissue located in the body?a. heart c. skullb. ribs d. bones

____ 111. Where is the protein called actin located in the body?a. ATP molecules c. myosin filamentsb. thin filaments d. acetylcholine neurotransmitters

____ 112. In addition to myosin, what other protein is involved in skeletal muscle contraction?a. collagen c. ATPb. actin d. chitin

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 113. What happens when the thin filaments in a muscle fiber slide over the thick filaments?a. A muscle contracts.b. A muscle relaxes.c. A muscle both contracts and relaxes.d. A muscle neither contracts nor relaxes.

____ 114. Myosin and actin make upa. osteoblasts. c. myofibrils.b. collagen. d. red marrow.

____ 115. According to the sliding-filament model, which of the following steps does NOT occur in muscle contraction?a. Myosin and actin filaments come near each other.b. Myosin filaments form cross-bridges with actin filaments.c. Cross-bridges pull the two filaments past each other.d. Actin filaments return to their original positions.

____ 116. What tough connective tissues join skeletal muscles to bones?a. joints c. periosteumb. ligaments d. tendons

____ 117. Which of the following types of muscle generally remains in a state of partial contraction when your legs are straight?a. skeletal muscle c. smooth muscleb. cardiac muscle d. all of the above

____ 118. Which of the following is NOT true about muscle tone?a. It is responsible for keeping the back and legs straight when you’re relaxed.b. It is increased through regular exercise.c. It describes the tightening of some muscles.d. It increases with age.

____ 119. The elbow joint bends when thea. triceps muscle contracts. c. biceps muscle contracts.b. triceps muscle relaxes. d. biceps muscle relaxes.

____ 120. Which of the following is NOT true about the effects of exercise on muscles?a. It increases muscle tone.b. It adds material to the outside of the muscle cells.c. It increases the efficiency of the heart.d. It can cause muscles to visibly increase in size.

____ 121. The most important function of the skin isa. protection. c. sweating.b. storing fat. d. insulation.

____ 122. What two layers make up skin?a. keratin and dermis c. epidermis and dermisb. epidermis and melanin d. melanin and keratin

____ 123. The top layer of the epidermis is made ofa. flat, dead cells. c. collagen.b. melanin. d. healthy, living cells.

____ 124. Which of the following is NOT a function of skin?a. helps regulate body temperature c. contracts and relaxes musclesb. removes body wastes d. helps prevent infection

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 125. What happens when the keratin-producing cells of the skin die?a. Melanin and keratin are produced. c. A waterproof coating is formed.b. An additional dermis layer is formed. d. Melanin is produced.

____ 126. Which of the following is NOT part of the integumentary system?a. skin c. nailsb. cartilage d. hair

____ 127. From which of the following does the basic structure of hair and nails form?a. sweat c. collagenb. melanin d. keratin

____ 128. Individual hairs are columns of cells that died after becoming filled witha. keratin. c. melanin.b. dermis. d. sweat.

____ 129. Which of the following are tubelike pockets of epidermal cells that extend into the dermis?a. epidermal layers c. melanin cellsb. keratin layers d. hair follicles

____ 130. Which of the following structures is NOT formed by keratin?a. reptile scales c. tip of the noseb. feathers d. hair

____ 131. Which body system acts in a way similar to a transportation system?a. circulatory c. nervousb. respiratory d. excretory

____ 132. Which of the following is NOT a part of the circulatory system?a. heart c. blood vesselsb. air passageway d. blood

____ 133. The roads of a city are similar to what structures in the circulatory system?a. heart c. blood vesselsb. air passageway d. blood

____ 134. In the walls of the heart, the thick layer of muscle is called thea. epithelial tissue layer. c. connective tissue layer.b. pericardium. d. myocardium.

____ 135. Which of the following pathways is the largest of the circulatory system?a. systemic circulation c. lymphatic circulationb. pulmonary circulation d. coronary circulation

____ 136. Where are the cells that make up the sinoatrial node, or pacemaker, located?a. right atrium c. right ventricleb. left atrium d. left ventricle

____ 137. Which is the correct direction of blood flow?a. right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteryb. right atrium → left atrium → pulmonary arteryc. left ventricle → pulmonary artery → aortad. left ventricle → left atrium → aorta

____ 138. In the heart, the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood is prevented by thea. mitral valve. c. septum.b. tricuspid valve. d. pericardium.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 139. Compared with the walls of arteries, the walls of veinsa. are thicker. c. lack valves.b. are thinner. d. have more resistance.

____ 140. Which of the following are the smallest of the blood vessels?a. arteries c. lymphatic cellsb. veins d. capillaries

____ 141. Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel?a. artery c. lymphatic cellb. vein d. capillary

____ 142. The function of valves in the human circulatory system is toa. stimulate the heartbeat. c. prevent the backward flow of blood.b. accelerate the flow of blood. d. serve as a cushion to prevent friction.

____ 143. Which of the following is NOT an effect of exercise on veins?a. Exercise helps force blood through the veins.b. Exercise helps keep blood from accumulating and stretching veins.c. Exercise helps keep the walls around veins strong.d. Exercise helps increase the size of veins.

____ 144. Which of the following is true about blood pressure?a. It is not affected by atherosclerosis.b. It is lower in veins than in arteries.c. It drops a great deal when traveling through arteries.d. Diastolic pressure is higher than systolic pressure.

____ 145. A blood pressure reading of 120/80a. indicates a diastolic blood prssure of 120.b. is an indication of hypertension in a resting adult.c. indicates a systolic blood pressure of 120.d. is determined by using a sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure in the veins.

____ 146. When the heart contracts, it produces a wave of fluid pressure in thea. veins. c. capillaries.b. arteries. d. pharynx.

____ 147. Which organ helps to regulate blood pressure?a. spleen c. liverb. kidney d. gall bladder

____ 148. When the blood pressure is constantly too high, the condition is known asa. a heart attack. c. atherosclerosis.b. hypertension. d. a stroke.

____ 149. When an infection occurs, the number ofa. red blood cells increases. c. white blood cells increases.b. red blood cells decreases. d. white blood cells decreases.

____ 150. Which blood cells are most numerous in the body?a. red c. plateletsb. white d. plasma

____ 151. Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?a. regulate filtration c. transport nutrientsb. regulate body temperature d. fight infection

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 152. Which of the following is correct about the composition of plasma?a. It is 90 percent water. c. It is 10 percent water.b. It is 50 percent water. d. It contains no water.

____ 153. How much blood does the human body contain?a. 1–2 liters c. 8–10 litersb. 4–6 liters d. 12–14 liters

____ 154. Which plasma proteins help to regulate osmotic pressure and blood volume?a. albumins c. fibrinogensb. globulins d. platelets

Figure 37–1

____ 155. In Figure 37–1, what does Step B show?a. a clot forming c. the clumping of plateletsb. the capillary wall breaking d. the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin

____ 156. Into what substance is fibrinogen converted?a. thrombin c. plateletsb. fibrin d. thromboplastin

____ 157. Which of the following blood cells contain hemoglobin?a. red blood cells c. plateletsb. white blood cells d. all of the above

____ 158. Swollen lymph nodes might indicatea. an infection. c. varicose veins.b. high blood pressure. d. an irregular heartbeat.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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____ 159. Which body system collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it to the circulatory system?a. integumentary c. respiratoryb. lymphatic d. nervous

____ 160. What is the term used to describe a swelling of the tissues due to the accumulation of excess fluid?a. hemophilia c. edemab. stroke d. hypertension

____ 161. Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?a. collect and return lost fluid to the circulatory systemb. filter fluidc. absorb proteind. carry fat-soluble vitamins to the blood

____ 162. The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells, the blood, and air in the lungs is calleda. systemic circulation. c. emphysema.b. respiration. d. cellular respiration.

____ 163. Which of the following statements about lungs is INCORRECT?a. They are muscular. c. They are surrounded by pleura.b. They are elastic. d. They are above the diaphragm.

____ 164. What structure serves as a passageway for both air and food?a. pharynx c. larynxb. trachea d. bronchus

____ 165. Air is filtered, warmed, and moistened in thea. nose and mouth. c. lungs.b. throat. d. pharynx.

____ 166. Air is forced into the lungs by the contraction of thea. alveoli. c. diaphragm.b. bronchioles. d. heart.

Short Answer

167. What does the cell theory say?

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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Figure 7–3

168. Identify the structure shown in Figure 7–3 and describe its main functions.

169. List two jobs of the cytoskeleton.

170. What advantages do cell walls provide plant cells that contact fresh water?

171. Suppose a cell were treated with a chemical that inhibits active transport. What would happen?

172. Explain, in terms of osmosis, why a raisin placed in a cup of pure water overnight will puff up with water.

173. A hypertonic salt solution has a higher concentration of solutes than a blood cell. Explain what happens when a blood cell is placed in a hypertonic salt solution.

174. What is homeostasis?

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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Figure 35–1

175. Identify the structure and its labeled parts illustrated in Figure 35–1.

176. What is a motor neuron?

177. Name two stimuli from the environment. For each, name the main sense involved and the sense organ responsible for detecting the stimulus.

178. In terms of the human skeleton, compare and contrast the meaning of the terms axial and appendicular.

179. What are the three different types of muscle?

180. In a left-handed person, which hand would probably have more strength? Why?

181. What are the four functions of the integumentary system?

182. Why do larger organisms need a circulatory system?

183. What is blood pressure?

184. Describe blood plasma.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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Other

USING SCIENCE SKILLSThis diagram shows the structure of a synapse between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of a neighboring neuron.

Figure 35–4

185. Applying Concepts If the axon in Figure 35–4 is part of a motor neuron, to what cells are the impulses being passed?

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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USING SCIENCE SKILLS

Distribution of Bones in Adult Human Body

Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton

Vertebral column: Forelimbs:

Cervical region . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Thoracic region . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Wrists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Lumber region . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Sacrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Shoulder girdle . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Coccyx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Hindlimbs:

Skull: Feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Cranium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Ankles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Facial portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Middle ear bones . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Kneecaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Neck and chest regions: Hip girdle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Hyoid (at base of tongue) . . . . . 1

Sternum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Ribs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Figure 36–4

186. Using Tables and Graphs Based on Figure 36–4, name two bones in the axial skeleton that are not part of the vertebral column.

Name: ________________________ ID: A

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USING SCIENCE SKILLS

Figure 36–6

187. Comparing and Contrasting In Figure 36–6, how are the structures labeled D and F related?