Example of architecture framework

Enterprise Architectural frameworks

• An architectural framework provides the structure and methods for organising the use of IT in an organisation

• There are a number of widely used examples of architectural frameworks– TOGAF developed by the Open Group (standards body)– Zachman framework developed by John Zachman (IBM)

• Large organisations often develop their own framework– DoDAF – the US Department of Defense Architecture Framework– NIST Enterprise Architecture model

Zachman Framework – overview

Scope (Ballpark) view

Owners View (Enterprise Model)

Designers View (System Model)

Builder’s View (Technology Model)

Out of Context View (Detailed Model)

Operational View (Functioning)

Data(What)

Function(How)

Network(Where)

People(Who)

Time(When)

Motivation(Why)

List of LocationsImportant to Business

Node=Major Business Location

What How Where Who When Why

Scope

Investor

Data Function Network People Time Motivation

EnterpriseModel

Owner

List of Things Important to Business

Entity=Class ofBusiness Thing

List of Processes theBusiness Performs

Function=Class of Business Process

List of OrganizationsImportant to Business

Agent=Class of Agent

List of EventsSignificant to Business

Time=Major BusinessEvent

List of BusinessGoals/Strategies

End/Means=MajorBusiness Goal

InformationSystemModel

Designer

TechnologyModel

Builder

Components

Subcontractor

FunctioningSystem

e.g., EntityRelationship

Diagram

Ent=Business EntityRel=Business Rule

e.g., EntityRelationship

Diagram

Ent=Business EntityRel=Business Rule

e.g., Function FlowDiagram

Function=Business Process

e.g., Data Model

Entity=Data EntityRelationship= Data

Relationship

e.g., Data

e.g., DistributedSystem Architecture

Node=Info Sys FunctLink=Line Char

e.g., Structure Chart

Funct=Computer FunctArg=Screen/Device

Formats

e.g., System Architecture

Node=Hardware/System Software

Link=Line Specification

e.g., Logistics Network

Node=Business Location

Link=BusinessLinkage

e.g., Program

Funct=Language StmtsArg=Control Blocks

e.g., Function

e.g., NetworkArchitecture

Node=AddressesLink=Protocols

e.g., Network

e.g., OrganizationChart

Agent=Org UnitWork=Work Product

e.g., Master Schedule

Time= Business EventCycle=Business Cycle

e.g., Business Plan

End=Business Objectives

Means=BusinessStrategy

e.g., Human InterfaceStructure

Agent=RoleWork=Job

e.g., Security Architecture

Agent=IdentityWork=Transaction

e.g., Organization

e.g., Processing Structure

Time=TriggerCycle=Component Cycle

e.g., Control Structure

Time=ExecuteCycle=Component Cycle

e.g., Timing Definition

Time=InterruptCycle=Machine Cycle

e.g., KnowledgeArchitecture

End=CriterionMeans=Option

e.g., Knowledge Organization

End=ConditionMeans=Action

e.g., KnowledgeDefinition

End=Means

e.g., Schedule e.g., Strategy

e.g., Data DefinitionDescription

Ent=FieldsRel=Addresses

e.g., Data Design

Entity=Segment/RowRelationship=Pointer/

Key

e.g., Data Flow Diagram

Funct=Appl FunctionArg=User Views

REQUIREMENTS

ANALYSIS

DESIGN

DEVELOPMENT

Phone WS WS

Analyst Eng Secy

e.g., Human/Technology Interface

Agent=UserWork=Job

Analyst Eng Secy

Phone WS WS

(c) J

ohn

A Za

chm

an

Zachman Framework – detail