Lynch- Psychology 1013- Exam 1- Review sheet

Exam 1 Review sheetPrologue: The Story of PsychologyWho conducted the first psychology experiment? When? What did he study?

What is structuralism? Who introduced this school of thought? What is introspection? What were some of the problems when using introspection?

What is functionalism? Who advocated this school of thought?

What is behaviorism? Humanistic psychology? Cognitive neuroscience?

How do we define psychology?

What is the nature-nurture issue? What is natural selection? What is the biopsychosocial approach? Review psychologys current perspectives (neuroscience, evolutionary, behavior genetics, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and social-cultural) in Table 1. How can psychological phenomena be examined from different perspectives? What is basic research? Applied research?Be familiar with the main interests of the different subfields of psychology: developmental, cognitive, social, positive psychology and industrial/organizational. Be able to explain the difference a counseling psychologist, clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist. See page 11 and Appendix p. A1-A5What is the SQ3R study method?

Chapter 1- Thinking Critically with Psychological Science

What is the hindsight bias? How do people show overconfidence?

What is critical thinking?

What is a theory? A hypothesis? What is an operational definition? What is replication? What is a case study? What can be problems with this method? What is naturalistic observation?

What is a survey? What is a population? What is a random sample and how does if avoid sampling bias? What is a correlation? What is a correlational coefficient? What is a scatterplot? What does the slope of a scatterplot indicate? What does it mean if a correlation is positive? Negative? What does the amount of scatter indicate? What does a perfect correlation (+ or -1) look like? Does correlation means causation? Be able to explain why. Look at Figure 1.4. What is an experiment? What are the two key components of an experiment (top of p. 33)? What is random assignment? Why is random assignment used? What is an experimental group? a control group? What is an independent variable? a dependent variable? Given examples of an experiment you should be able to identify the independent and dependent variable and the experimental and control group.

What is the placebo effect? What is a double blind procedure and why is it used?

Review Table 1.3 on the varying Research Methods

Statistics: What is the mode? Mean? Median? What can happen to the mean when there are a few atypical scores (i.e. it is skewed)? What is the range? Standard deviation? What is the normal curve? What three things make it more likely we can infer that what we found in a sample is true in the population (p. 39)? What does it mean to say that something is statistically significant?

What four ethical principles are researchers urged to follow (p. 43)? What is informed consent? Debriefing?Chapter 2- The Biology of Mind

What is the biological perspective?Be familiar with the parts of a neuron and what each does: cell body, dendrites, axon, and myelin sheath. See Figure 2.2 Is communication within a neuron electrical or chemical (p. 50-51)? What is the resting potential of a neuron? What is a threshold? What is an action potential? Is it a + or charge? Be able to explain the process of how a signal is transmitted within a neuron (e.g., stimulus at dendrites reaches a threshold, etc). See Figure 2.3. Does the strength of the stimulus affect the speed of transmission? What is the all or none response?

Is communication between neurons electrical or chemical (p. 52-53)? What is a synapse? What are neurotransmitters? What is reuptake? See Figure 2.4. Be familiar with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. What are endorphins? What are the ways that drug can influence neurotransmitters? See. Figure 2.6What comprises the central nervous system? The peripheral nervous system? Be able to explain the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous system and the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Review Figure 2.7Be able to explain the path of a reflex. Figure 2.10. Endocrine system- What are hormones? What is the pituitary gland and what does it do?

Be generally familiar with the different methods to study the brain: lesion, EEG, PET, MRI, fMRI.

The brain- You should know to know the functions of each of these brain parts: Brainstem- medulla, cerebellum, reticular formation, thalamus. Where in the brain does information cross over?

Limbic system- hypothalamus, amygdala

Cerebral cortex. What are glial cells?

Lobes (temporal, occipital, parietal, and frontal): Know their functions. Which lobes contain the auditory cortex? Which lobes contain the visual cortex? What are the motor and sensory cortexes? Which lobes are they in? Which body parts get more space on the sensory and motor cortex (Figure 2.24)? Which lobes are involved in planning and making judgment and personality? What are association areas? Is it accurate to say we only use 10% of our brain?

What is meant by plasticity? What is neurogenesis? What are split brain patients? What is the corpus callosum? What hemisphere processes language? Review experiment on p. 78 Figure 2.34 (shown to right visual field, can name it; shown to left visual field- can only point to it but not name it). What does the right hemisphere often do?