Question

11 out of 1 points

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages focus on several parts of the body identified as ________.

Selected Answer:    erogenous zones

Correct Answer:    erogenous zones

Feedback:

Correct. Freud's psychosexual stages focus on several parts of the body identified as erogenous zones.

  Question

20 out of 1 points

Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all normal and abnormal behavior is learned are ________ therapies.

Selected Answer:    cognitive

Correct Answer:    behavior

Feedback:

Incorrect. Cognitive therapists see distorted thinking as the cause of abnormal behaviors.

  Question

31 out of 1 points

What did Freud perceive as the outcome of successful resolution of the Oedipus complex?

Selected Answer:    identification with the same-sex parent

Correct Answer:    identification with the same-sex parent

Feedback:

Correct. Freud believed identification with the same-sex parent is the result of a successful resolution of theOedipus complex.

  Question

40 out of 1 points

A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

Selected Answer:    learned behaviors of depression

Correct Answer:    negative interpretations of life events

  Question

50 out of 1 points

Which of the following is an advantage of behavior therapy?

Selected Answer:

   It treats the underlying cause of the problem.

Correct Answer:    It is a relatively quick and efficient way to reduce

symptoms.

  Question

60 out of 1 points

A goal of family therapy is to ________.

Selected Answer:

   change the needs of individual family members

Correct Answer:    improve family communication and interaction

Feedback:

Incorrect. In family therapy no one person is seen as the problem.

  Question

71 out of 1 points

The form of behavioral therapy in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an unpleasant stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior is called ________.

Selected Answer:

   aversion therapy

Correct Answer:    aversion therapy

Feedback:

Correct. Aversion therapy pairs an undesirable behavior with an unpleasant, or aversive, stimulus.

  Question

80 out of 1 points

The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached, no matter what the client may say or do, is called ________.

Selected Answer:

   empathy

Correct Answer:    unconditional positive regard

  Question

90 out of 1 points

The kind of therapy that uses biological treatments such as medication, surgical methods, and electrical shock treatments to bring about changes in the person's disordered behavior is called ________.

Selected Answer:

   electroconvulsive shock therapy

Correct Answer:    biomedical therapy

Feedback:

Incorrect. Psychotherapy involves talking things out with a professional.

  Question

101 out of 1 points

Lulu sees a therapist once a week. During her therapy sessions, she discusses issues and events that have impacted her life. Her therapist helps her to understand how these events and issues have affected her. The type of therapy Lulu is seeking is called ________.

Selected Answer:

   psychotherapy

Correct Answer:    psychotherapy

Feedback: Correct. Psychotherapy involves talking things out with a

professional.

  Question

110 out of 1 points

Carl Rogers emphasized accepting people for what they are, not for what you would like them to be. This acceptance is termed ________.

Selected Answer:

   unconditional esteem

Correct Answer:    unconditional positive regard

Feedback: Incorrect. Rogers's term conditional positive regard refers to the kind of acceptance that requires a person to meetcertain expectations.

  Question

120 out of 1 points

In Gestalt therapy, the therapist is ________ and ________.

Selected Answer:    passive; directive

Correct Answer:    active; directive

  Question

130 out of 1 points

Which of the following is NOT an Axis I disorder of the DSM-IV-TR?

Selected Answer:

   factitious disorders

Correct Answer:    personality disorders

  Question

140 out of 1 points

Which of the following is a disorder that takes the form of a bodily ailment that has no physical cause?

Selected Answer:

   anxiety

Correct Answer:    somatoform

  Question

150 out of 1 points

Which model of abnormality holds that physical, mental, and cultural factors are intertwined and that they must all be considered when dealing with psychology disorders?

Selected Answer:    the psychophysiological model

Correct Answer:    the biopsychosocial model

  Question

161 out of 1 points

Which of the following is the term used to describe a sudden onset of extreme panic with various symptoms including racing heart, rapid breathing, and sweating?

Selected Answer:    panic attack

Correct Answer:    panic attack

Feedback: Correct. A panic attack is a sudden onset of extreme panic with physical symptoms.

  Question

170 out of 1 points

Freud believed that the ________ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality.

Selected Answer:    preconscious mind

Correct Answer:    unconscious mind

  Question

181 out of 1 points

What major conclusion about personality traits emerged from the Minnesota twin study?

Selected Answer:

   Identical twins are more similar than any other type of

sibling.

Correct Answer:    Identical twins are more similar than any other type of

sibling.

Feedback: Correct. Identical twins, who share the same genes, are more similar in personality than are any other type of siblings.

  Question

190 out of 1 points

Which of the following concepts is NOT found in the humanistic perspective of personality?

Selected Answer:    each person is unique

Correct Answer:    self-efficacy

Feedback: Incorrect. The self-actualizing tendency is a major part of the humanistic perspective of personality.

  Question

201 out of 1 points

A type of therapy in which clients meet regularly in a group setting and discuss problems under the guidance of a single therapist is called ________ therapy.

Selected Answer:    group

Correct Answer:    group

Feedback: Correct. Group therapy is a type of therapy in which a group of clients meets together with a specific therapist.

  Question

210 out of 1 points

A technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the person is suddenly exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object in an intense way and is prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response is called ________.

Selected Answer:    systematic desensitization

Correct Answer:    flooding

Feedback: Incorrect. Systematic desensitization gradually exposes the client to the feared object while using relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety, not exposing a client to the feared object in a sudden manner.

  Question

220 out of 1 points

The term affect is used by psychologists to refer to ________.

Selected Answer:    behavior

Correct Answer:    emotion

  Question

231 out of 1 points

Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong is called ________.

Selected Answer:

   agoraphobia

Correct Answer:    agoraphobia

Feedback: Correct. Agoraphobia is fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible.

  Question

240 out of 1 points

The ________ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of those causes.

Selected Answer:

   naturalistic

Correct Answer:    biological

  Question

251 out of 1 points

When assessing personality, many psychologists take the eclectic view, which means they ________.

Selected Answer:    use a variety of approaches

Correct Answer:    use a variety of approaches

Feedback: Correct. When assessing personality, many psychologists take the eclectic view, which means they use a variety of approaches.

  Question 1 out of 1 points

26

Disorders in which there is a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination are called ________.

Selected Answer:

   dissociative disorders

Correct Answer:    dissociative disorders

Feedback: Correct. Dissociative disorders are characterized by a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination.

  Question

270 out of 1 points

Which of the following is one of the criticisms of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies?

Selected Answer:    They focus too much on the past.

Correct Answer:    They treat the symptom not the cause of the problem.

  Question

280 out of 1 points

People with ________ disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others.

Selected Answer:    schizophrenic

Correct Answer:    personality

Feedback: Incorrect. People with schizophrenia suffer from disorder thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations and is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality.

  Question

291 out of 1 points

Therapy that depends on identifying and changing distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs is ________ therapy.

Selected Answer:    cognitive

Correct Answer:    cognitive

Feedback: Correct. Cognitive therapy focuses on identifying and changing distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs.

  Question

301 out of 1 points

Someone who was interested in measuring a person's source traits, as described by Raymond Cattell, would use the ________.

Selected Answer:

   Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF)

Correct Answer:    Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF)

Feedback: Correct. The 16PF was developed by Cattell to measure source traits.

  Question

311 out of 1 points

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Harry was mostly ________.

Selected Answer:    ego

Correct Answer:    ego

Feedback: Correct. The ego is rational, logical, and cunning.

  Question

321 out of 1 points

Marty is moody, manipulative, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others. He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others. Marty is suffering from ________ personality disorder.

Selected Answer:    borderline

Correct Answer:    borderline

Feedback: Correct. Marty's moodiness, manipulativeness, instability, lack of identity, and untrusting behavior are symptoms of borderline personality disorder.

  Question

331 out of 1 points

A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called ________ disorder.

Selected Answer:    obsessive-compulsive

Correct Answer:    obsessive-compulsive

Feedback: Correct. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one in which intruding thoughts occur again and again and are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts.

  Question

341 out of 1 points

Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing is primarily used for treatment of ________.

Selected Answer:    post-traumatic stress disorder

Correct Answer:    post-traumatic stress disorder

Feedback: Correct. EMDR is primarily used for treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder.

  Question

351 out of 1 points

Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of ________.

Selected Answer:    anxiety disorders

Correct Answer:    anxiety disorders

Feedback: Correct. Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and anxiety are characteristic of anxiety disorders.

  Question

361 out of 1 points

Adoption studies focusing on the heritability of traits have ________.

Selected Answer:    confirmed what twin studies have shown

Correct Answer:    confirmed what twin studies have shown

Feedback: Correct. Adoption studies focusing on the heritability of traits report findings similar to those of twin studies.

  Question

371 out of 1 points

Which term refers to a way to define abnormality by comparing an individual's behavior to the norms or standards of the society in which an individual lives?

Selected Answer:

   social norm deviance

Correct Answer:    social norm deviance

Feedback: Correct. Social norm deviance is a definition of abnormality based on the standards of society.

  Question

380 out of 1 points

The ________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one's personal characteristics and actions.

Selected Answer:    trait

Correct Answer:    behaviorist

  Question

390 out of 1 points

________ therapies have been used not only to treat mental disorders but also to help people make career choices, deal with workplace problems, and as a form of marriage counseling.

Selected Answer:

   Psychoanalytic

Correct Answer:    Humanistic

  Question

400 out of 1 points

Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear?

Selected Answer:    psychoanalytic

Correct Answer:    behavioral

  Question

411 out of 1 points

In the case, The Accident That Didn't Happen, Dr. S. says that his obsessions and compulsions were based on

Selected Answer:

   a fear that his aggressive impulses would, without him

knowing it, influence his behavior.

Correct Answer:

   a fear that his aggressive impulses would, without him

knowing it, influence his behavior.

  Question

421 out of 1 points

The use of learning techniques to modify or change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behaviors is called ________.

Selected Answer:    behavior modification

Correct Answer:    behavior modification

Feedback: Correct. Behavior modification includes learning techniques that help in modifying behaviors.

  Question

431 out of 1 points

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life is called ________.

Selected Answer:

   a psychological disorder

Correct Answer:    a psychological disorder

Feedback: Correct. A psychological disorder is defined as any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life.

  Question

440 out of 1 points

Which of the following is correct concerning cross-cultural studies on trait theories?

Selected Answer:

   Most cultural research methods are too vague to be

validated.

Correct Answer:

   Evidence for the five trait dimensions has been found in

several cultures.

  Question

450 out of 1 points

A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between ________.

Selected Answer:

   depression and schizophrenia

Correct Answer:    depression and manic episodes

  Question

461 out of 1 points

When a patient arrives in the emergency room, he is restless and irritable with unlimited energy and a rapid rate of speech. The attending psychiatrist believes the patient has taken cocaine or amphetamines and admits him for observation. The next day the symptoms are the same. What condition with symptoms that are similar to those associated with amphetamine use might the psychiatrist now consider as a condition that is relevant to the diagnosis?

Selected Answer:    mania

Correct Answer:    mania

Feedback: Correct. Restlessness, irritability, and rapid speech are characteristic of both amphetamine use and mania.

  Question

470 out of 1 points

Studies on the effectiveness of psychotherapy have found that ________.

Selected Answer:

   cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy is the most effective

treatment for every problem

Correct Answer:

   no one psychotherapy worked for every type of problem

Feedback: Incorrect. Studies have found that no one psychotherapy worked for every type of problem.

  Question

480 out of 1 points

What did Sigmund Freud believe could happen if our needs were delayed at a particular psychosexual stage?

Selected Answer:

   We could become overly dependent on the superego for

future guidance.

Correct Answer:

   We could become fixated at that stage.

  Question

490 out of 1 points

What do Abraham Maslow's and Carl Rogers's theories have in common?

Selected Answer:

   They focus on unconscious motivation.

Correct Answer:

   They believe that each human being is free to choose his

or her own destiny.

  Question

501 out of 1 points

Major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder are all examples of ________ disorders.

Selected Answer:    mood

Correct Answer:    mood

Feedback: Correct. Major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder are mood disorders.

  Question

511 out of 1 points

The most important aspect of successful psychotherapy is the ________ between client and therapist.

Selected Answer:

   therapeutic alliance

Correct Answer:    therapeutic alliance

Feedback: Correct. It is the relationship between client and therapist that is key to effective therapy.

  Question

521 out of 1 points

The person-centered therapist must show a genuine, open, and honest response to the client. This is called ________.

Selected Answer:    authenticity

Correct Answer:    authenticity

Feedback: Correct. Showing a genuine, open, and honest response to the client is referred to as authenticity.

  Question

531 out of 1 points

What are the Big Five personality traits?

Selected Answer:

   openness, conscientiousness, extraversion,

agreeableness, and neuroticism

Correct Answer:

   openness, conscientiousness, extraversion,

agreeableness, and neuroticism

Feedback: Correct. These are the five traits of the Big Five model.

  Question

541 out of 1 points

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder?

Selected Answer:

   Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while

generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.

Correct Answer:

   Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while

generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.

Feedback: Correct. With a phobia the sufferer knows exactly what they are afraid of, while with generalized anxiety disorder the trigger of the tension and worry is not clear.

  Question

551 out of 1 points

What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "social norm deviance" to define abnormal behavior?

Selected Answer:

   Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may

be acceptable in another.

Correct Answer:

   Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may

be acceptable in another.

Feedback: Correct. Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another.

  Question

561 out of 1 points

Which neurotransmitters are most important in the development of mood disorders?

Selected Answer:    dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

Correct Answer:    dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

Feedback: Correct. Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine all play a role in the development of mood disorders.

  Question

570 out of 1 points

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) seems to be related to ________.

Selected Answer:

   high levels of thyroxine

Correct Answer:    low levels of melatonin

  Question

580 out of 1 points

"If it feels good do it" best describes the ________.

Selected Answer:    preconscious

Correct Answer:    id

Feedback: Incorrect. Freud used the term ego for the aspect of personality that makes rational decisions and solves conflicts.

  Question

591 out of 1 points

Most psychological professionals today take a(n) ________ view of psychotherapy.

Selected Answer:

   eclectic

Correct Answer:    eclectic

Feedback: Correct. The current trend in the field is to take an eclectic perspective.

  Question

601 out of 1 points

The use of objects that can be traded for food, candy, treats, or special privileges with the purpose of reinforcing behavior is called ________.

Selected Answer:    token economy

Correct Answer:    token economy

Feedback: Correct. A token economy involves awarding tokens for good behavior that can be traded for desired items or privileges.

  Question

611 out of 1 points

Using Hofstede's dimensions of cultural personality, how would you describe a culture characterized by loose ties between individuals, shared activities among friends, autonomy, and equality?

Selected Answer:    individualistic

Correct Answer:    individualistic

Feedback: Correct. These are attributes that Hofstede attributed to individualistic cultures.

  Question

621 out of 1 points

A famous psychologist argues that there are three factors that influence personality: environment, person, and behavior. This psychologist is most likely a ________ psychologist.

Selected Answer:    social cognitive

Correct Answer:    social cognitive

Feedback: Correct. Social cognitive psychologists focus on the interaction of environment, person, and behavior.

  Question

631 out of 1 points

Disorders characterized by disturbances in emotion are known as ________ disorders.

Selected Answer:    mood

Correct Answer:    mood

Feedback: Correct. Mood disorders are characterized by disturbances in emotion.

  Question

640 out of 1 points

Dr. Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires, which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behavior. This therapist is most likely using ________.

Selected Answer:    behavior therapy

Correct Answer:    psychoanalysis

  Question

650 out of 1 points

For Freud, the moral guardian of personality is the ________.

Selected Answer:

   id

Correct Answer:    superego

Feedback: Incorrect. The ego is a mediator, not a moral voice.

  Question

660 out of 1 points

The primary purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to ________.

Selected Answer:

   help psychologists assess only normal behavior

Correct Answer:

   help psychological professionals diagnose psychological

disorders

  Question

670 out of 1 points

According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. During infancy, the psychosexual stage is called the ________.

Selected Answer:    anal stage

Correct Answer:    oral stage

  Question

680 out of 1 points

What of the following is the most commonly diagnosed psychological disorder in the United States?

Selected Answer:

   generalized anxiety disorder

Correct Answer:    major depressive disorder

  Question

690 out of 1 points

Which of the following is a therapy based on the principles of classical conditioning?

Selected Answer:    reinforcement

Correct Answer:    systematic desensitization

Feedback: Incorrect. Reinforcement is based on the principles of operant conditioning.

  Question

700 out of 1 points

Your friend has applied to several medical schools. After receiving one rejection letter, she concludes that she will not be admitted to any school and feels depressed. Your friend is engaging in ________.

Selected Answer:

   arbitrary inference

Correct Answer:    overgeneralization

  Question

711 out of 1 points

The main advantage of personality inventories over projective tests and interviews is ________.

Selected Answer:

   inventories are standardized

Correct Answer:    inventories are standardized

Feedback: Correct. Standardization is a positive aspect of inventories.

  Question

721 out of 1 points

What type of drugs are the traditional antianxiety drugs, or minor tranquilizers, such as Valium?

Selected Answer:    benzodiazepines

Correct Answer:    benzodiazepines

Feedback: Correct. The traditional antianxiety drugs, such as Valium, are benzodiazepines.

  Question

730 out of 1 points

A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating thoughts. Her goal is to help her client change these thoughts into more rational, helpful, positive thoughts. In addition, she wants to help her client develop strategies that can be used to cope with future problems. She is probably a ________ therapist.

Selected Answer:    Gestalt

Correct Answer:    cognitive-behavioral

  Question

740 out of 1 points

Therapies directed at changing the disordered behavior are referred to as ________.

Selected Answer:    insight therapies

Correct Answer:    action therapies

  Question

750 out of 1 points

The psychoanalytic patient who lets her thoughts flow without interruption or fear of negative criticism from her therapist is using ________.

Selected Answer:

   positive transference

Correct Answer:    free association

  Question

760 out of 1 points

An advantage to group therapy is that groups ________.

Selected Answer:

   allow an extremely shy person to feel more comfortable

speaking up

Correct Answer:

   are a source of social support

  Question

770 out of 1 points

Lydia is a divorced mother who attends meetings with peers who share the same problems and stressful situations. There is no professional facilitating these meetings. What type of sessions is Lydia attending?

Selected Answer:    family therapy

Correct Answer:    self-help group

  Question

780 out of 1 points

A person who is suffering from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations and who is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality is likely suffering from _______.

Selected Answer:    bipolar disorder

Correct Answer:    schizophrenia

  Question

791 out of 1 points

Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's motives and actions are referred to as ________.

Selected Answer:    insight therapies

Correct Answer:    insight therapies

Feedback: Correct. Insight therapy emphasizes understanding one's motives and actions.

  Question

801 out of 1 points

The person-centered therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing. This process is referred to as ________.

Selected Answer:    empathy

Correct Answer:    empathy

Feedback: Correct. Empathy is defined as acknowledging and understanding the client's feelings and experiences.

  Question 0 out of 1 points

81

What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal problems and unhappiness?

Selected Answer:

   unresolved unconscious conflicts occurring between the

id and superego

Correct Answer:

   mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self

Feedback: Incorrect. Freud, not Rogers, viewed unresolved unconscious conflicts between the id and superego as the cause ofpersonal problems.

  Question

820 out of 1 points

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality?

Selected Answer:

   personality, which we are born with, is the basis upon

which one's temperament is built.

Correct Answer:

   temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon

which one's personality is built.

Feedback: Incorrect. Temperament refers to that which is determined before birth while personality is influenced by both biology, before birth and environment, after birth.

  Question

831 out of 1 points

False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called ________.

Selected Answer:

   hallucinations

Correct Answer:    hallucinations

Feedback:

Correct. Hallucinations are false sensory perceptions.

  Question

841 out of 1 points

Which of the following is a legitimate hypothesis that explains why the rate of depression appears to be twice as high for women as compared to men across various cultures?

Selected Answer:

   The different social roles played by women predispose

them to depression.

Correct Answer:

   The different social roles played by women predispose

them to depression.

Feedback: Correct. Researchers believe women's higher rate of depression is linked to social roles.