ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Presentation

Presentation On-

Types Of

BIODIVERSITY

Group Members-

1. DUSHYANT SHUKLA

2.KUMAR SHANTANU

3.RAKESH KUMAR4.VASUDEV

KAUSHIK

The word “BIODIVERSITY” is a contracted form of the term ‘BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY’.

The Convention on Biological Diversity defines biodiversity as:

"the variability among living organisms from all sourcesincluding, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and thethe ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversitywithin species, between species, and of ecosystems."

Biological Diversity deals with the degree of nature’s variety in the biosphere.

This variety can be observed at three levels:

(I) The genetic variability within a species

(II) The variety of species within a community and

(III) The organisation of species in an area.

Types Of Biodiversity

1.Genetic diversity:variety in the genetic makeup among individuals

within a species.

2.Species diversity:variety among the species or distinct types of living

organisms found in different habitats of the planet.

3.Ecosystem or ecological diversity:variety of forests, deserts,

grasslands, streams, lakes, oceans, coral reefs, wetlands and other

biological communities.

GENETIC DIVERSITY

Genetic diversity refers to the diversity (or genetic variability)

within species.

Each individual species possesses genes which are the source of

its own unique features.

The term genetic diversity also covers distinct populations of a

single species, such as the thousands of breeds of different dogs.

How do human activities affect genetic diversity?

Any change in the environment - natural or human induced causes a selectionof events that only the fittest survive.Anthropogenic impact is particularly apparent in the coastal zone and increasesthe number of changes occurring to individual and populations.

Such effects are created by:-

1. Artificial selection (selective breeding).

2. Degradation of habitats (leading to a reduction of total stocks and thus increasing the likeliness of inbreeding).

Why prevent the loss of genetic diversity?

The loss of genetic diversity is difficult to see or measure. In contrast,

the extinction and reduction of populations is far easier to see.

=> Extinction is not only the loss of whole species, but is also

preceded by a loss of genetic diversity within the species.

=> The loss of reduction species is the ability to perform its

inherent role in the whole ecosystem.

SPECIES BIODIVERSITY

The number of species of plants and animals presentin a region constitutes its species diversity.

This diversity is seen both natural as well as inagricultural ecosystem.

How do human activities affect species diversity?

Over-exploitation, pollution and habitat conversion are the

main threats to species diversity.

The ever-growing tendencies of tourism, transport, profit-

oriented food production.

Global warming and population growth continually increase

these pressures on biodiversity.

Why prevent the loss of species diversity?

It should have become clear that the loss of species is

accompanied by

(I) a loss of functionality,

(II) Effects business and

(III) erosion of soil and sediment.

Ecosystem Biodiversity

The third group of elements of biodiversity encompasses the scales ofecological differences from populations, through habitats, to ecosystems,ecoregions and provinces.

This is an important dimension to biodiversity not readily captured bygenetic or organismal diversity.

How do human activities affect Ecosystem diversity?

Over growing population produces different kinds of pollution, such as-

Water, Soil, Air etc.

These types of pollution directly effects our ecosystem and environment.

Technological & Scientific advancements , such as-

nuclear materials, harmful drugs and toxins, harming the ecosystem badly.

Why Prevent The loss of Ecosystem Diversity?

to maintain functionality in environment

-> all the components of an ecosystem are dependent on

each other for their survival.

for the defect free growth of variety of species in an

ecosystem

Conclusion

As the concluding part of our presentation, we conclude the following

things:

Knew about Biodiversity and their types

The problems faced by biodiversity and

The need to prevent the loss of biodiversity