EVENTS LEADING UP EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE CIVIL WAR TO THE CIVIL WAR

Regional issues create differences- Regional issues create differences- Sectionalism Sectionalism

NORTH – URBAN –increase in city NORTH – URBAN –increase in city population (immigrants moved to the cities population (immigrants moved to the cities =jobs )=jobs )

Economies differed: Economies differed: Northeast – Industrial RevolutionNortheast – Industrial Revolution

Economy focused on shipbuilding and foreign trade so Economy focused on shipbuilding and foreign trade so embraced new forms of manufacturingembraced new forms of manufacturing

THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY

1. Agrarian Society 2. “Cotton Is King!” 1860 – 57% of US exports (5

million Bales exported per year)Cotton becomes king of the south Cotton becomes king of the south

which expanded slavery – which expanded slavery – increased from 700,000 (1790) to increased from 700,000 (1790) to 1.5 million in 1820 (many had 1.5 million in 1820 (many had expected slavery to die out until the expected slavery to die out until the cotton gin was invented. cotton gin was invented.

ELI WHITNEY ELI WHITNEY

He revolutionized cotton and He revolutionized cotton and slavery (many had expected slavery (many had expected slavery to die out until the slavery to die out until the cotton production cotton production increased=demand for labor)increased=demand for labor)

Whitney – interchangeable Whitney – interchangeable

parts which paved the way parts which paved the way for mass production= market for mass production= market economy economy Who else used mass Who else used mass

production?production?

1787 Northwest Ordinance said all 1787 Northwest Ordinance said all states north of the Ohio river would be states north of the Ohio river would be free of slavery. This law did not solve free of slavery. This law did not solve the problem of slavery . the problem of slavery .

1819 – Missouri wanted to enter 1819 – Missouri wanted to enter statehood as a slave state. ( By this statehood as a slave state. ( By this time their was an even number of free time their was an even number of free and slave states. )and slave states. )

Slavery became a national issue Slavery became a national issue Congress was deadlocked. Congress was deadlocked. Then in 1820 Maine wanted to join the Then in 1820 Maine wanted to join the

Union as a free state. Union as a free state. Missouri Compromise – Missouri Missouri Compromise – Missouri

enters as a slave state and Maine enters as a slave state and Maine enters as a free state. Line 36 North – enters as a free state. Line 36 North – slavery would be banned. South of slavery would be banned. South of this line – slavery is permitted. this line – slavery is permitted.

THIS PLEASED NO ONE! THIS PLEASED NO ONE!

MAP ACTIVITY

I have favored this Missouri compromise, I have favored this Missouri compromise, believing it to be all that could be effected believing it to be all that could be effected [accomplished] under the present Constitution, [accomplished] under the present Constitution, and from extreme unwillingness to put the Union and from extreme unwillingness to put the Union at hazard [risk] . . . If the Union must be at hazard [risk] . . . If the Union must be dissolved, slavery is precisely the question on dissolved, slavery is precisely the question on which it ought to break. For the present which it ought to break. For the present however, the contest is laid asleep.however, the contest is laid asleep.

——John Quincy Adams, 1820John Quincy Adams, 1820

Age of Jackson Age of Jackson

Election of 1824Election of 1824 Second election that is decided in the House of Second election that is decided in the House of

Representatives!Representatives! John Quincy Adams of MassachusettsJohn Quincy Adams of Massachusetts

Andrew Jackson of TennesseeAndrew Jackson of Tennessee William Crawford of GeorgiaWilliam Crawford of Georgia

Henry Clay of KentuckyHenry Clay of Kentucky

All 4 men ran as Republicans because All 4 men ran as Republicans because there was not a multitude of political partiesthere was not a multitude of political parties

Even though Andrew Jackson received the Even though Andrew Jackson received the most POPULAR vote, no man received a most POPULAR vote, no man received a majority of the ELECTORAL vote.majority of the ELECTORAL vote.

The Constitution states of the three highest The Constitution states of the three highest electoral vote getters, the House of electoral vote getters, the House of Representatives must choose the winnerRepresentatives must choose the winner

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams William Crawford – William Crawford –

suffers a stroke - suffers a stroke - outout Henry Clay – lowest Henry Clay – lowest

votes – votes – out out

Henry Clay (who also ran for President) was the Speaker of the House and was able to manipulate the choice. He despised Andrew Jackson….

So ADAMS WINS!

Several days later Several days later Henry Clay was Henry Clay was chosen Secretary of chosen Secretary of State. State.

Many Jacksonians Many Jacksonians felt that a deal was felt that a deal was made between Clay made between Clay and Adams (never and Adams (never proven)proven)

Despite corruption charges the system continues…

ELECTION OF ANDREW ELECTION OF ANDREW JACKSON JACKSON

1824 – Jackson lost to J. Q Adams1824 – Jackson lost to J. Q Adams 1828 – Jackson beat Adams1828 – Jackson beat Adams

Jackson –champion of common people – “Old Jackson –champion of common people – “Old Hickory”Hickory”

Gave many jobs to friends Gave many jobs to friends Spoils system Spoils system

Indian removal Act Indian removal Act

1830- Congress and 1830- Congress and Jackson passed this law Jackson passed this law which forced Native which forced Native Americans to move. Americans to move. Govt. paid for the move Govt. paid for the move

1832 –Cherokee took it to 1832 –Cherokee took it to court and Supreme Court court and Supreme Court sided with Cherokees but sided with Cherokees but Jackson refused to abide Jackson refused to abide by it. by it.

Jackson said "John Marshall (Supreme Jackson said "John Marshall (Supreme Court) has made his decision; let him Court) has made his decision; let him enforce it now if he can.“enforce it now if he can.“

Andrew Jackson didn’t plan to enforce the Andrew Jackson didn’t plan to enforce the Supreme Court’s ruling to allow the Supreme Court’s ruling to allow the Cherokee to stay where they were!Cherokee to stay where they were!

The President’s job is to enforce the law!! The President’s job is to enforce the law!! He didn’t do it.He didn’t do it.

TRAIL OF TEARS TRAIL OF TEARS

1838 Cherokee were 1838 Cherokee were rounded up and sent rounded up and sent in groups of a 1000 in groups of a 1000 on the 800 mile on the 800 mile journey on foot. More journey on foot. More than ¼ of their people than ¼ of their people died died

Nullification and the Bank Wars

Read in Chapter 13 about this and answer the following questions in your notes.

1. What was the Tariff of Abominations? 2. Why did Calhoun and the South see the Tariff

of 1828 as such an abomination and raise threats over nullification over it?

3. How did Jackson’s bank war demonstrate the powerful uses to which the modern mass democratic political machine could be put? Was Biddle’s Bank a real threat to the economic welfare of the ordinary citizens to whom Jackson appealed?

TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS The Tariff of 1828 was

a protective tariff passed by the Congress on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States. It was labeled the Tariff of Abominations by its southern detractors because of the effects it had on the antebellum Southern economy.

WHIG PARTY

A new party emerges from opponents of Jackson

Whigs – claimed conservatism, progressive, and welcomed market economy

ELECITON of 1836 VP –(Democrats)

martin Van Buren wins

MARTIN VAN BUREN- HIGHLIGHTS

Panic of 1837 – Left over from

Jackson’s bank wars –banks stopped accepting paper currency

Banks collapsed- bankrupting hundreds of businesses which put people out of work

ELECTION OF 1840

Whig candidate William Harrison (Old Tippecanoe) defeated Van Buren

Only in office a month-died from pneumonia which he caught giving his inauguration address

VP John Tyler became President

HEADED WEST