evaluation of seed treatments for control of crucifer & striped flea

Evaluation of seed treatments for control of crucifer and striped flea beetles in canola

Bob Elliott, Larry Mann, Julie Soroka and Scott Hartley

Saskatoon Research CentreAgriculture & Agri-Food Canada

Outline

1. Background and key issues 2. Evaluation of seed treatments in lab bioassays on CFB and SFB

- effect of temperature and moisture on efficacy3. Evaluation of treatments in field trials

- efficacy and agronomic benefits of neonicotinoids against CFB- efficacy and benefits of neonicotinoids, diamides and mixtures against

SFB and CFB4. Monitoring spring and summer flea beetle populations to select the most

appropriate seed treatment

Flea Beetle Species Commonly Found in Canola on the Prairies

Photo credit: A. Nemecz, AAFC Beaverlodge, AB

hop flea beetle,Psylliodes punctulata

striped flea beetle,Phyllotreta striolata

crucifer flea beetle,Phyllotreta cruciferae

Species Distribution

Striped and hop flea beetles dominant in Parkland, boreal Transitions and Peace Lowland

In Saskatoon area (field studies) striped fb is now the dominant species

Seed treatment Insecticide (g/100kg seed) Fungicides Company

1. Gaucho CS FL® 400-600g imidacloprid carbathiin, thiram Bayer

2. Sombrero® 400-800g imidacloprid - ADAMA

3. Prosper FX® 400g clothianidin carbathiin, trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl Bayer

4. Poncho 600 FS® 150-400g clothianidin - Bayer

5. Helix® 200g thiamethoxam difenoconazole, fludioxonil, metalaxyl-M Syngenta

6. Helix XTra® 400g thiamethoxam difenoconazole, fludioxonil, metalaxyl-M Syngenta

Neonicotinoid Seed Treatments (NST) Registered for Flea Beetle Control on Canola in Canada (2002-2013)

Seed treatment Insecticide (g/100kg seed) Fungicides Company

Diamides

1. Lumiderm® 600-1000 g cyantraniliprole Evergol group DuPont

2. Fortenza® 800 g cyantraniliprole Vibrance group Syngenta

Diamide/neonic mixtures

1. Lumiderm + Prosper Evergol cyantraniliprole + clothianidin penflufen, prothioconazole, metalaxyl, trifloxystrobin DuPont

2. Lumiderm + Helix XTra cyantraniliprole + thiamethoxam difenoconazole, metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil DuPont

3. Fortenza + Helix Vibrance cyantraniliprole + thiamethoxam difenoconazole, metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil, sedaxane Syngenta

New Seed Treatments Registered for Control of Flea Beetles on Canola in Canada (2014-2015)

Major Issues & Concerns

• confusion as to what type of seed treatment (neonicotinoid, diamide or mixture) should be used?

• depends on what flea beetle species are present and their relative abundance

• limited information on key factors influencing efficacy• also limited information on geographic distribution of flea beetles• this information will be critical to selecting the most appropriate

seed treatment in the future • urgent need to implement a monitoring program for flea beetles in

commercial canola fields

Relative abundance of crucifer, striped and hop flea beetles emerging from early-seeded (left) and late-seeded

(right) canola at AAFC-Saskatoon in 2004-2015

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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

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Weekly flea beetle counts on yellow sticky cards at AAFC-Saskatoon in 2015

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16 23 30 06 13 20 27 04 11 18 25 01 08 15 22 29 05 12

cruciferstripedhop

Collection week midpoint

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May June July August September

springpopulation

summerpopulation

Laboratory Bioassays

• lab studies focused on the effect of temperature and soil moisture on efficacy of seed treatments against flea beetles

• flea beetles collected from commercial fields near Saskatoon- SFB collected along canola swaths (late April – mid May)- CFB collected from non-crop areas (mid May – early June)

• beetles reared in lab for 7-10 days• starved 16-18 hours before testing • evaluated neonicotinoids, diamides and mixtures on hybrid canola in

2011 and 2012

• seeds planted in plastic cones containing an artificial medium• grown at two moisture regimes

- ‘dry conditions’ (2 ml water/cone/day; 20-30% moisture)- ‘wet conditions’ (6 ml water/cone/day; >70% moisture)

• grown for 7 days at 20/15ºC and 16L/8D photoperiod• seedlings (cotyledon stage) transferred into bioassay cages in

growth chambers set at 10, 20 or 30ºC

Methodology

Bioassay Cages• each cage contained 10 seedlings from a

particular treatment• 20 crucifer or 20 striped flea beetles

added to each cage (2 beetles/seedling)• seedlings watered daily to maintain dry or

wet conditions• assessments

- damage to cotyledons (24, 48 and 72 h)- flea beetle mortality (72 h)- seedling weight (72 h)

• factorial design with four replicates

2011 Lab Bioassays • lab bioassays included 10 treatments

- check treatments (bare seed, Tribune – only fungicides)- neonicotinoids (Helix, Gaucho CS FL, Prosper FX, Helix XTra) - diamides (Lumiderm, Fortenza)- experimental treatment (EX)- mixture (Lumiderm + Prosper)

• seed treatments ranked on the basis of four criteria- control flea beetles (72 h), - reduce feeding damage (24 and 72 h)- improve seedling weight (72 h)

• rankings based on LSD comparisons rather than actual values

10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry0

20

40

60

80

100

bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX Lumiderm L+Prosper

% M

orta

lity

-72h

10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry

Seed treatment

- mortality on check plants (bare and Tribune) averaged 2-5%- in other treatments, mortality lowest at 10ºC and highest at 30ºC- mortality at 10, 20 and 30ºC, higher in dry soil than in wet soil- Helix, Prosper, Helix XTra and Lumiderm + Prosper mix provided the

best control (*) in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC

**

**

**

*

*

CFB mortality in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2011)


20

40

60


% D

amag

e -7

2h


Seed treatment

* * *

CFB feeding damage in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2011)

- feeding damage to check plants (bare and Tribune) in wet and dry soil averaged 4-6% at 10ºC, 13-15% at 20ºC and 30-45% at 30ºC

- best treatments (*) reduced feeding damage in dry and wet soil to 3-4% at 10ºC, 4-5% at 20ºC and 5-7% at 30ºC

* * * **

**

*


50100150200250300350


Wei

ght -

72h


Seed treatment

** * *

** * *

Shoot weight after 72h exposure to CFB in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2011)- shoot weights increased with higher temperatures- shoot weights at each temperature were higher in wet soil than in dry soil- compared to Tribune, best treatments (*) improved shoot weights in wet

and dry soil by 15-35% at 20ºC and 50-120% at 30ºC

***

Ranking of seed treatments in CFB bioassays in wet and dry soil at three temperatures in 20111

Seed treatment

Control (% mortality)

Protection (damage 24/72h)

Shoot weight Overall

wet dry wet dry wet dry wet drybare 9 10 9 10 10 9 9 10Tribune 9 9 10 9 9 9 10 9Gaucho CS FL 7 7 5 3 8 1 7 5Helix 4 4 7 5 6 1 4 4Prosper FX (P) 2 3 1 1 2 1 2 2

Helix XTra 2 1 3 2 5 1 3 1Fortenza 6 7 4 6 3 1 4 7EX 8 5 8 7 6 1 8 6Lumiderm (L) 5 6 5 7 3 1 4 7L & P mix 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 31 Rankings based on LSD comparisons (a = 1, b = 2, c = 3; ab = 1.5, ac = 2) rather than actual values


20

40

60

80

bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX Lumiderm L+P mix

% M

orta

lity

-72h


Seed treatment

*

* *

*

* *

*

SFB mortality in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2011)

- mortality on check plants (bare and Tribune) averaged 2-4%- mortality in other treatments was highest at 30ºC- mortality also higher in dry soil than in wet soil- Prosper, Fortenza, EX, Lumiderm and Lumiderm + Prosper mix

provided the best control in wet soil- Helix XTra, EX and Lumiderm + Prosper mix provided the

best control in dry soil

*


20

40

60

80


% D

amag

e -7

2h


Seed treatment

SFB feeding damage in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2011)


- best treatments (*) reduced damage in wet and dry soil to 3-4% at 10ºC, 6-13% at 20ºC and 8-30% at 30ºC

- unlike check plants, damage usually higher in wet soil than in dry soil

* ** *

**

***


50

100

150

200

250


Wei

ght -

72h


Seed treatment

* * **

Shoot weight after 72h exposure to SFB in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2011)

- shoot weights increased with higher temperatures- shoot weights at each temperature were higher in wet soil than in dry soil- compared to Tribune, best treatments (*) improved shoot weights in wet soil

by 20-40% at 20ºC and weights in wet and dry soil by 70-200% at 30ºC

**

* *

Ranking of seed treatments in SFB bioassays in wet and dry soil at three temperatures in 20111

Seed treatment



Shoot weight Overall


Helix XTra 7 2 6 2 5 2 6 2Fortenza 2 4 1 6 2 8 1 5EX 1 1 3 1 3 1 2 1Lumiderm (L) 5 7 5 7 1 6 3 8L & P mix 2 3 2 3 4 3 4 31 Rankings based on LSD comparisons (a = 1, b = 2, c = 3; ab = 1.5, ac = 2) rather than actual values.

Moisture regime Year crucifer flea beetles striped flea beetles

wet 2011

Lumiderm + Prosper ; Prosper; Helix XTra;Lumiderm; Fortenza;

Helix (3-10% damage)

Lumiderm + Prosper Prosper

(28-31% damage)

dry 2011

Helix XTra; Prosper; Lumiderm + Prosper;

Helix; Gaucho; Lumiderm; Fortenza

(4-7% damage)

Helix XTra; Prosper;Lumiderm + Prosper

(13-20% damage)

Top-Ranking Treatments in 2011 Lab Bioassays1

1 Feeding damage to the cotyledons after 72 h shown in parentheses. Only registered treatments that reduced damage to near or below the economic threshold for spraying (25-30%) are listed.

2012 Lab Bioassays• bioassays in 2012 included 10 treatments

- check treatments (bare seed and Tribune)- neonicotinoids (Helix, Gaucho, Prosper FX and Helix XTra) - diamide (Fortenza)- experimental treatment (EX)- mixtures (Fortenza + XTra, EX + XTra)

• seed treatments ranked on the basis of their ability to- control flea beetles (72 h), - reduce feeding damage (24 and 72 h)- improve seedling weight (72 h)


20

40

60

80

100

bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX 1 F+XTra EX 2

% M

orta

lity

-72h


Seed treatment

CFB mortality in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2012)

- mortality on check plants (bare and Tribune) averaged 1-5%- mortality in other treatments increased with higher temperatures- mortality at each temperature was higher in dry soil than in wet soil- Prosper, Helix XTra, Fortenza + XTra mix and EX + XTra mix provided

the best control in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC

* **

**

**

*


20

40

60


% D

amag

e -7

2h


Seed treatment

***

CFB feeding damage in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2012)



* * * * ** *

* *


50100150200250300350


Wei

ght -

72h


Seed treatment

Shoot weight after 72h exposure to CFB in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2012)- shoot weights improved with higher temperatures- shoot weights at each temperature were higher in wet soil than in dry soil- compared to Tribune, best treatments (*) improved shoot weights in wet

and dry soil by 15-40% at 20ºC and by 20-130% at 30ºC

* * * * *

* * * **

*

*

Ranking of seed treatments in CFB bioassays in wet and dry soil at three temperatures in 2012 1

Seed treatment



Fresh weight Overall

wet dry wet dry wet dry wet drybare 10 10 9 9 8 9 9 9Tribune 9 9 10 9 8 10 10 10Gaucho CS FL 7 6 6 6 7 8 7 6Helix 5 5 7 5 4 4 6 4Prosper FX 2 4 1 3 4 5 2 5

Helix XTra 2 1 3 3 1 2 2 3Fortenza (F) 6 7 4 7 4 5 5 6EX 1 8 7 8 8 8 7 8 8F + XTra mix 2 1 4 1 1 3 4 1EX 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 11 Rankings based on LSD comparisons (a = 1, b = 2, c = 3; ab = 1.5, ac = 2) rather than actual values.


20

40

60

80

100


% M

orta

lity

-72h


Seed treatment

**

*

SFB mortality in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2012)

- mortality on check plants (bare and Tribune) averaged 1-4%- mortality in other treatments higher at 30ºC than at 10º or 20ºC- mortality also higher in dry soil than in wet soil- EX, Fortenza + XTra mix and EX + XTra mix provided the best control

in dry soil at 20ºC and 30ºC


20

40

60

80


% D

amag

e -7

2h


Seed treatment

* * ** * *

** *

SFB feeding damage in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2012)

- feeding damage to check plants in wet and dry soil averaged 6-7% at 10ºC, 12-22% at 20ºC and 30-65% at 30ºC


- unlike check plants, damage was higher in wet soil than in dry soil


50100150200250300350


Wei

ght -

72h


Seed treatment

*

*

*

*

Shoot weight after 72h exposure to SFB in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2012)

- shoot weights increased with higher temperatures- shoot weights at each temperature were higher in wet soil than in dry soil- compared to Tribune, best treatments (*) improved shoot weights in dry soil

by 20-40% at 20ºC and weights in wet and dry soil by 15-270% at 30ºC

*

* * * *

Ranking of seed treatments in SFB bioassays in wet and dry soil at three temperatures in 20121

Seed treatment



Fresh weight Overall


Helix XTra 1 6 6 6 2 4 6 5Fortenza (F) 1 4 1 7 2 7 1 6EX 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 4 2F + XTra mix 1 1 2 3 2 3 2 3EX 2 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 11 Rankings based on LSD comparisons (a = 1, b = 2, c = 3; ab = 1.5, ac = 2) rather than actual values.

Moisture regime Year crucifer flea beetles striped flea beetles

wet 2012

Prosper; Helix XTra; Fortenza + Helix XTra;

Fortenza; Gaucho; Helix

(4-9% damage)

Fortenza;Fortenza + Helix XTra;Prosper; Helix XTra;

(4-19% damage)

dry 2012

Fortenza + XTra; Helix XTra; Helix; Prosper; Gaucho;

Fortenza; (4-7% damage)

Fortenza + Helix XTra; Prosper; Helix XTra;

(7-13% damage)

Top-Ranking Treatments in 2012 Lab Bioassays1

1 Feeding damage to the cotyledons after 72 h shown in parentheses. Only registered treatments that reduced damage to near or below the economic threshold for spraying (25%) are listed.

Ranking Wet soil Dry soil

Tier 1

Prosper;Helix XTra;

Lumiderm + Prosper mix; Fortenza + Helix XTra mix

(3-6% damage)

Prosper;Helix XTra; Helix;

Lumiderm + Prosper mix,Fortenza + Helix XTra mix

(3-5% damage)

Tier 2

Gaucho;Fortenza;

Helix; Lumiderm (n/a)(4-10% damage)

Gaucho;Fortenza;

Lumiderm (n/a)(4-7% damage)

Top-Ranking Treatments in Lab Bioassays on CFB1

1 In most assays at 20ºC and 30ºC, treatments in Tier 1 provided significantly better flea beetle control, better protection against feeding damage and/or greater improvement in seedling growth than treatments in Tier 2. n/a = not available commercially.

Ranking Wet soil Dry soil

Tier 1

Lumiderm + Prosper mix; Fortenza + Helix XTra mix

(4-28% damage)

Lumiderm + Prosper mix;Fortenza + Helix XTra mix;

Prosper; Helix XTra(5-20% damage)

Tier 2

ProsperFortenza;Helix XTra

(4-34% damage)

Gaucho;Helix;

FortenzaLumiderm (n/a)

(5-35% damage)

Top-Ranking Treatments in Lab Bioassays on SFB1

1 In most assays at 20ºC and 30ºC, treatments in Tier 1 provided significantly better flea beetle control, better protection against feeding damage and/or greater improvement in seedling growth than treatments in Tier 2. n/a = not available commercially.

Seed Treatment Evaluations (2003-2015)• seed treatment evaluations conducted

annually since 2003 • seeding dates based on soil temperature• ‘early’ tests seeded May 10-18 (temp.

averaged 10ºC for 7-10 days)• ‘late’ tests seeded 12-14 days later

(May 22-June 1)• six-row plots (200 seeds per row; 30.5 cm

row-spacing)• RCB design with four replicates• temperature, rainfall and soil moisture

monitored throughout the growing season

Flea Beetle and Agronomic Assessments• yellow sticky cards used to monitor activity

of crucifer, striped and hop flea beetles throughout the growing season

• cards replaced weekly• flea beetle damage to cotyledons assessed

14, 18 and 21 DAS using 10-point scale• seedlings/row, shoot fresh weight, dry

matter and biomass (14, 21 and 28 DAS)

springpopulation

fallpopulation

Flea Beetle and Agronomic Assessments• vented cages used to monitor emergence of

summer generation of crucifer, striped and hop flea beetles

• cages placed over individual plants (pruned to 10-15 cm) in mid-July

• sticky strips below the lids were replaced weekly (mid-July until late September)

Seed Treatment Evaluations on CFB (2003-2011)

• CFB comprised 90-99% of the flea beetles in 2003-2010 • treatments

- check treatments (bare seed and Tribune)- neonicotinoids (Helix, Gaucho, Prosper FX and Helix XTra)

• wide range in growing conditions with respect to temperature, rainfall and soil moisture

• flea beetle damage ranged from 10-90% depending on the test

CFB damage to fungicide-treated hybrid canola in early-seeded plots in 2003-2010

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2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 mean

Feed

ing

dam

age

(%)

TreatmentDamage

(%)Stand est.

(%)Fresh wt. (g/plant)

Biomass (g/m-row)

Yield (g/m2)

bare 24.6a 63.9a 1173.9a 29.8a 224.3a

Tribune 24.7a 63.7a 1359.7ab 34.0a 221.4a

Gaucho CS FL 14.1b 82.3b 1673.1bc 47.6b 243.7bHelix 10.0c 80.1b 2018.5d 56.5c 258.5cdProsper FX 11.6c 81.3b 1873.1cd 53.0bc 255.8cHelix XTra 7.3c 82.0b 2008.8d 56.2c 266.0d- tests (P ≤ 0.05) 7/8 6/8 4/8 5/8 4/8- % benefit 10-17% 16-18% 23-48% 40-66% 10-20%

Effect of seed treatments on flea beetle damage and performance of early-seeded hybrid canola in 2003-20101

1 Percent benefit (reduction in damage or improvement in agronomic performance) with NST compared to Tribune. Damage and establishment assessed 21DAS. Fresh wt. and biomass assessed 28 DAS.

Variable 2005 2004 2010 2009 2007 2006 2008 2003 meancheck damage (%) 10.6 13.3 11.1 19.9 18.1 14.6 20.5 89.8 24.7

F-value yield NS NS NS *** *** * NS *** ***

yield increase (%) 0 0 0 10-15 19-31 0-9 0 >3000 10-20

Effect of neonicotinoid seed treatments on yield of early-seeded hybrid canola in 2003-2010

TreatmentDamage

(%)Stand est.

(%)Fresh wt. (g/plant)

Biomass (g/m-row)

Yield (g/m2)

bare 17.6a 72.5a 5016.5a 120.0a 421.6a

Tribune 16.0a 74.6a 6046.0a 147.5a 414.6a

Gaucho CS FL 14.6a 83.4b 6090.8a 170.4a 415.4a

Helix 14.8a 84.5b 7090.0a 191.2a 434.0a

Prosper FX 15.0a 84.0b 6121.0a 174.6a 419.3a

Helix XTra 13.6a 79.1ab 6619.0a 173.7a 425.4a% benefit 0% 0-10% 0% 0% 0%

Effect of NST on flea beetle damage and performance of hybrid canola in 2011 (62% SFB; cool wet conditions) 1

1 Percent benefit (reduction in damage or improvement in agronomic performance) with NST compared to Tribune. Damage and establishment assessed 21 DAS. Fresh wt. and biomass assessed 28 DAS.

Seed Treatment Evaluations on SFB (2013-2015)

• SFB most common species in all tests• seed treatments

- check treatments (bare seed and Tribune)- neonicotinoids (Helix, Gaucho, Prosper FX and Helix XTra) - diamide (Lumiderm, Fortenza)- experimental treatment (EX)- mixtures (Lumiderm, Fortenza or EX + Prosper or Helix XTra)

• seed treatments ranked on the basis of five criteria- reduce flea beetle damage (14 and 21 DAS)- improve stand establishment (21DAS), plant biomass (28 DAS)

and seed yield

Seed Treatment Evaluations (2013)

• warm dry May; cool wet June

• rainfall 15 mm below-normal in May and 2X normal in June

• soil moisture above-average (20-40%)

• low flea beetle populations (20-70 beetles/card/week)

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70

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SeededMay 22

Damage (DAS)14 19 21

May June

50-80% SFB

30% SFB

Damage - RR canola 2013

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14 DAS

19 DAS

21 DAS

21 DAS19 DAS14 DAS

Seed treatment

Feed

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(%)

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Ranking of treatments in field trial on RR canola in 2013 1

Protection Establishment Biomass Seed yield OverallTreatment 14 DAS 21 DAS 21 DAS 33 DAS

bare 12 13 12 13 13 13Tribune 12 12 12 9 12 12Gaucho CS FL 4 3 1 6 1 5Helix 4 8 1 6 8 9Prosper FX 4 8 1 4 9 7Helix XTra 4 3 1 2 3 3Fortenza (F) 9 8 1 6 4 7EX 1 11 11 10 12 11 11F + XTra mix 1 1 1 4 7 2EX 2 1 3 1 9 10 6Lumiderm (L) 10 6 10 9 6 10L + XTra mix 1 1 1 2 5 1L + Pros mix 4 6 1 1 2 4% benefit 2-9 1-5 5-14 0-47 1-81 Rankings based on LSD comparisons (a = 1, b = 2, c = 3; ab = 1.5, ac = 2) rather than actual values.Test seeded May 22.


• cool, moist May and June

• temperatures ranged from – 4.0ºC to 30.9ºC

• rainfall 20-30 mm above-normal in May and June

• soil moisture above-average (27-48%)

• moderate flea beetle populations (100-200 beetles/card/week) 0

50

100

150

200

11 18 25 01 08 15

cruciferstripedhop


Flea

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d/w

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SeededMay 12


May June

70-80% SFB

Flea beetle damage - RR canola 2014

0

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15 DAS

18 DAS

21 DAS

Seed treatment

Feed

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age

(%)

a

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** ***



bare 8 8 9 9 9 9Tribune 8 8 9 9 10 10Gaucho CSFL 3 1 5 7 8 6Helix 7 1 7 7 4 7Prosper FX 1 1 1 2 1 1Helix XTra 5 1 3 2 4 4Fortenza (F) 5 1 6 2 4 5EX 1 8 8 8 2 7 8F + XTra mix 1 1 2 1 1 1EX 2 3 1 4 2 3 3% benefit 0-21 0-12 10-42 57-450 17-291 Rankings based on LSD comparisons (a = 1, b = 2, c = 3; ab = 1.5, ac = 2) rather than actual values.Test seeded May 12.


• cool dry May; warm dry June

• rainfall 40-50 mm below-normal in May and June

• soil moisture below-average (11-30%)

• SFB numbers very high (300-1500 beetles/card)

• highest numbers since 2003

0

300

600

900

1200

1500

09 16 23 30 06 13

cruciferstripedhop


Flea

bee

tles

/car

d/w

eek

SeededMay 13


May June

80-90% SFB

Flea beetle damage - RR canola 2015 (warm dry)

01020304050

60

70

14 DAS

19 DAS

Seed treatment

Feed

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dam

age

(%)

ab

a

a

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a aab

cd

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dd

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abab

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bare 9 7 10 10 11 10Tribune 11 7 11 10 10 11Gaucho CS FL 8 7 9 8 8 8Helix 7 2 6 7 7 7Prosper Ev 1 2 1 1 1 1Helix XTra 1 7 4 6 3 6Fortenza (F) 1 1 2 1 3 3EX 1 9 7 8 8 9 9F + XTra mix 1 2 2 1 1 2EX 2 1 2 6 4 3 5F + Helix mix 1 2 5 4 3 4% benefit 10-40 3-28 6-35 68-550 4-361 seeded May 13

YearConditions

(June)Beetles per

cardSFB (%) Top-ranking Seed Treatments

2013 cool, wet 10-50 >70%Lumiderm + Helix XTra or Prosper; Helix XTra; Fortenza + Helix XTra;

Prosper

2014 cool, moist 100-200 >70% Fortenza + Helix XTra; Prosper;Helix XTra; Fortenza

2015 warm, dry 40-70 >80% Fortenza + Helix XTra; F + Helix; Prosper; Fortenza

warm, dry 200-1300 >85% Prosper; Fortenza + Helix XTra; Fortenza; F + Helix;

Top-Ranking Seed Treatments Against SFB

Rank 2013 (wet soil) 2014 (wet soil) 2015 (dry soil)

Tier 1

Fortenza + XTra;Lumiderm + XTra;

Lumiderm + Prosper;Prosper

Fortenza + XTra;Prosper;

Helix XTra;Fortenza

Fortenza + XTra;Fortenza + Helix;

Prosper

Tier 2Helix XTra;

Helix; Gaucho; Fortenza

Gaucho;Helix

Helix XTra;Gaucho;

Helix

Top-Ranking Treatments in Field Trials on SFB1

1 in most tests, treatments in Tier 1 provided better protection against feeding damage and greater improvements in establishment, plant growth and seed yield than treatments in Tier 2.

Notes

• All products performed best in drier conditions and higher temperatures

• Neonicotinoids are more effective on crucifer flea beetles than striped flea beetles

• There were no statistical improvement with higher rates of neonicotinoids on most years

• Only with very wet conditions or very high flea beetles populations higher rates of neonicotinoids and mixtures will be advantageous.

Yellow sticky cards for monitoring flea beetles in commercial fields

Flea beetle counts on sticky cards in CL canola (2015)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

16 23 30 06 13 20 27 04 11 18 25 01 08 15 22 29 05 12

crucifer

striped

hop


Flea

bee

tles

/car

d /w

eek

May June July August September

Spring population(May 23 – July 4

Summer population- SFB (July 11 - August 22)- CFB (August 1 – September 5)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

202 207 212 217 222 227 232 237 242 247 252 257 262 267

Cum

ulat

ive

emer

genc

e (%

)

July August September

Calendar dates for emergence of the summer generation of SFB, CFB and HFB from early-

and late-seeded canola in 2004-2014.

21 26 31 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

Cum

ulat

ive

emer

genc

e (%

)

Accumulated degree-days above 5ºC (starting 18/8DAS)

early-seeded

late-seeded

Accumulated degree-days (>5ºC) for emergence of the summer generation of SFB, CFB and HFB from early- and late-seeded plots in 2004-2014.

We would like to thank our summer students and

funding organizations (Canola Clusters, SaskCanola,

and chemical industry) for their assistance and

financial support in this project.

Acknowledgments

Thank you

evaluation of seed treatments for control of crucifer & striped flea

Documents