evaluation of flagship rural development programe in theni district

EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI DISTRICT

RAMDASS.T - 2011803010 DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY

TITLE: EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI DISTRICT INTRODUCTION:

Flagship schemes of the government of India are those schemes which are declared so by the union cabinet or the

Development Evaluation Advisory Committee (DEAC) of Planning Commission. The list of flagship programmes can be modified

by the DEAC or the Government

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme:.

Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)

Prime Minister's Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)

National Rural Health Mission(NRHM)

National Drinking Water Supply Programme & Total Sanitation Campaign

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA

Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojana (RKVY) Mid Day Meal Scheme (MDMS)

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was notified in 2005 and implemented on

2006 covering 200 districts in its first phase and was extended to 130 additional districts in 2007-2008. All the remaining rural

areas have been notified with effect from 2008. This Act to provide a legal guarantee of 100 days of wage employment in a

financial year to every rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched on 25th December 2000 by the Government of India as a 100%

Centrally Sponsored Scheme to provide road connectivity in rural areas of the country. To provide all weather roads to

unconnected habitations having population more than 500.

z

AIM: Evaluation of flagship rural program Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY). OBJECTIVE: To study the appropriates in selection of project towards

the overall development of the settlement –Theni district

To assess the impact of the programme on socio-economic

conditions of the beneficiary in MGNREGS

To suggest suitable measure for improving the efficient of

flagship rural development programme.

SCOPE & LIMITATION: Empolyeement generation Renovation of water bodies including the silting of tank Help to improve the ecological balance in rural area of BPL

people livelihood

NEED FOR STUDY: 80% of the rural development budget is been allocated for

MGNREGA and PMGSY. The above two program is been introduced in 11th five year

plan, It is also been continued in 12th five year plan as an important program.

People like SC/ST and women have been more beneficiaries by the program as per 11th five year plan report.

STUDY AREA: My study area in THENI District

Area 2,889 km2 Population (2011) 1,243,684 Male 624,922 Female 618,762 Density 430/km2 Literacy rate 71.58% No of Taluk 5 No of Block 8 No of Revenue Village

113

No of Village 130 No of Town Panchayats

13

Theni

Land development



METHODOLOGY: Major Type of works under the scheme Water

conservation and Water harvesting

Potential to increase agriculture production

50 Crore is Fund allotted only for Theni district

under MGNRGA scheme.

There are around 1.35 Lakhs HH people available

to work under MGNAREGA scheme.

Many works are been available since Theni district

is full of natural resources, more number of Water

bodies and Agricultural fields are available.

POTENTIALS



Estimation and Budget Allocation INDIA UNION BUDGETS

2011-2012 in Crores

2012-2013 in Crores

Total Budget Outlay 5,92,456

6,50,109

Allocation Revised Rural Development 76,800 73,175

MGNREGA 40,000 ( 52%)

33,000 (45%)

PMGSY 20,000 (26%)

24,000 (32%)

Contribution of MGNREGA & PMGSY Outlays to Total Ministry of Rural Development outlays.

MGNREGA (2011-12) PMGSY (2011-2012)

Final Outlay in Cr Actual Final Outlay in Cr

India 40000 39100 India 20000

Tamil Nadu 5553 -- Tamil Nadu 469

Theni 50 -- Theni --- Source: Five year plan(2011, 2013) Source: DRDA & MoRD The government of India has budgeted an outlay of total Rs 2, 13,325 Cr to

Ministry of Rural Development in last three years (FY 2010- FY 2013) and

the ministry has allocated as Rs 1, 13,100 Cr outlay for MGNREGA scheme.

This is almost MGNREGA 53 % and PMGSY 27% allocation which signifies

the importance given to this Two schemes.

Funding Pattern:

The cost of the scheme is shared between the Centre and the State in the

ratio of 90:10

75 (Central) & State 25 present of the cost of material and wages for skilled

and semi-skilled workers Source: DRDA & MoRD




RAMDASS.T - 2011803010 DR.S.R.MASILAMANI DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY

Implementation work (MGNREGA & PMGSY) Mahatma Gandhi NREGA Implementation for the financial year work allocation (2011-2012)

State/District

Rural Connectivity

State/District

Water Conservation and Water Harvesting

State/District

Micro Irrigation Works

State/District

Renovation of Traditional Water

bodies

No .of Works Taken up Completed

No.of Works

Taken up Completed

No.of Works

Taken up Completed

No.of Works

Taken up Completed

Tamil Nadu 37021 7759 Tamil Nadu 24985 4579 Tamil Nadu 19202 3265 Tamil Nadu 55971 11585 Theni 256 82 Theni 191 81 Theni 177 64 Theni 37 8

Minimum

The Nilgiris 221 89 Min

Kaniyakumari 7 0 Min Krishnagiri 1 0 Min The Nilgiris 9 4

Max Tiruppur 2826 788 Max Kanchipuram 4722 463 Max

Nagapattinam 5125 249 Max Thiruvannamalai 5786 588

235

63

117

35

165 185

134

67

80

20

35

8

82 60

49

29

76

18

40

13

27 56

22

5

79

25

42

14

56 69

63

33

Analysis of work No. of works Taken up No. of works completedNo. of works ongoing No. of works not started The number of work available the

Theni district is 1001in that 636

works an already completed & only

365 works as remaining for

completion

Maximum works is being done is

Andipatti and Minimum work is being

tone by Cumbum

Every year the count of HH and Job

cards is Increasing

S.no Types YearNo of Road

Total Length

(Km)

Amount (Lakhs)

1 Phase I 2001-02 14 23.2 305.65

2 Phase II 2002-03 13 34.15 825.65

3 Phase III 2003-04 22 36.17 1120.57

4 Phase IV 2004-05 1 4.8 179.59

5 Phase V 2005-06 3 7.6 217.54

6 Phase VI 2006-07 1 1.3 19

7 Phase VII 2007-08 1 2.6 66.53

Connected Habitation in Above 250 Population

Source: DRDA

Source: MNREGA Website

Source: BDO

PMGSY

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

200000

Year No of Villages No of Households No of Job cards

#REF!#REF!#REF!#REF!#REF!



2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 20011-12 2012-13Theni

No of Villages 130 130 130 130 130No of Households 24789 58485 73873 103486 135605No of Job cards 33217 70324 103422 167764 191688Persondays ofEmployment 3371552 7137886 10497333 17028046 19456332

0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

25000000

Axis

Titl

e

Analysis of Job cards and HH of comperation year wise Block Name

No. of Registered SCs STs Others

Men Women Household Persons House

hold Person

s House hold

Persons

Household Persons

Andipatti 31853 47652 8000 12678 12 14 23841 34960 17062 30590

Bodinaickanur 16645 21737 2459 3384 132 200 14054 18153 6127 15610

Chinnamanur 13426 18098 2436 3835 8 11 10982 14252 5556 12542

Cumbum 4626 6053 818 1182 1 1 3807 4870 2277 3776

Myladumparai 22543 34414 4597 6984 169 231 17777 27199 13633 20781

Periyakulam 22159 28671 6933 9252 44 71 15182 19348 8557 20114

Theni 15417 21880 4037 6653 2 3 11378 15224 5615 16265

Uthamapalayam 10348 14908 1532 2525 0 0 8816 12383 4690 10218

WAGE PAYMENTS SYSTEMS

Activity Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Day 10

Day 11

Day 12

Day 13

Day 14

Day 15

Executing works Making & Checking Measurement Data Entry at Computer center Pay Order generation & Preparation of cheques Handing over cheques to SPO/ Banks Conveyance of Cash to paying agency at GP level Disbursement of wages by paying agency

Employment shall be provided

within a radius of 5km.from their

residence

If Employment is outside 5km it

must be provide within block

within block with 10% extra wage

to transportation and living

expenses

People should be Paid within 15

days

SC/ST Physical Achievements under NREGS in Theni Dt

Un Connected Habitation in Below 250 Population

Block Name Village Name Population

Category of

Road

Length in (Km)

Bodinayakkanur

Kurangani 238 VR 6 Karipatty 230 VR 5.2 kallar 120 VR 3.6 sadaiyalpatti 180 VR 3 Nagalapuram 210 VR 4 Kundalnayakkanpatti 220 VR 3 Soolapuram 160 VR 7.6 Silamalai 225 VR 2 Kottakudi 287 VR 1.42 Boodendrapuram 241 VR 2.8

K.Mayiladumparai

Nochiodai 165 VR 3.5 Melabommarajapuram 205 VR 7 keelabommarajapuram 217 VR 6.5 IndraNagar 238 VR 3 Ghandhipuram 180 VR 3.7 Vandiyur 215 VR 1.8 Puzanathu 236 VR 5 Oorathamedu 178 VR 2.6

Outcomes of Flagship Programme

18-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 > 60Agewise Job card Registered Persons

ANDIPATTI 8743 13860 12514 9096 3439BODINAICKANUR 3162 6289 5784 4351 2151CHINNAMANUR 1779 4473 6407 4403 1042CUMBUM 856 1879 1910 1071 337K MYLADUMPARAI 7711 11893 7842 4937 2032PERIYAKULAM 4774 8724 7463 5138 2572THENI 2148 7080 7350 3531 1771UTHAMAPALAYAM 1776 4159 4359 2957 1657

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Axis

Titl

e

14%

23%

35%

22%

6%

Household Completed Day in Financial Year Theni District(2012) Below 25 Days 25-50 days50-75 days 75-100 daysAbove 100 days

Year Number of Household

2006-07 123

2007-08 1706

2008-09 661

2009-10 8528

20010-11 9235

Number of Household provide 100 days empolyeement Year Average No of days

2007-08 36.73

2008-09 45.02

2009-10 49.38

20010-11 64.11

Avg Number of days empolyeement

Source : Nrega .nic.in

Source : Nrega .nic.in

Implemented scheme in Theni district, only 123 number of households got 100 days employment. It enhanced manifolds in the financial year 2007-2008. At present, Theni district has provided 100 days employment to 9235 number of households through MGNREGS.

The average number of days employment in

Tamilnadu is 54 days. this district has been able to

overcome the problem and of now the average

number of days employment is 64.11 days. So, we

can say that different types of work under this

scheme have been taken up at a rapid progress in

this district in order to give more employment to the rural people.





Block wise Distribution of Income Before Applying for the Job Card and After getting the Employment in MGNREGA

Source wise annual household’s expenditure before and after MGNREGA

Around 67.13% of their expenditure used to go to food. But after the implementation of this scheme the expenditure on food items gradually shifted to non-food items which include both luxury and necessity items. For this the expenditure on food items is gradually decreasing (53.29%) and on non-food items is increasing. This reflects that there is some impact on tribal livelihoods but this impact is considered as very little.

Source of expenditure Before MGNREGA

After MGNREGA

Food 67.13% 53.29% Clothing 7.68% 9.28% Health 3.46% 4.57% Cooking fuel 0.99% 1.24% education 0.90% 1.20% Transport 2.14% 2.63%

Social/religious function 4.95% 6.55%

Alcohol 1.91% 2.19% Electricity bill 0.96% 2.83% Phone bill 0.35% 2.55%

Agri.Equipments and seeds 2.36% 4.31%

Household assets 1.38% 2.04% Recreation 0.27% 0.31%

Maintenance of House 5.52% 7.01%

S.N Block Before After

<5000 5000 -

10000

10000 -

15000

< 20000 <5000

5000 -

10000

10000 -

15000

< 20000

1 ANDIPATTI 26 57 186 28 24 58 182 33

2 BODINAICKANUR 30 149 112 9 21 79 144 56

3 CHINNAMANUR 36 235 28 1 17 198 69 16

4 CUMBUM 20 127 137 16 8 85 183 24

5 K MYLADUMPARAI 13 135 39 113 0 111 64 125

6 PERIYAKULAM 15 90 81 114 1 45 83 171

7 THENI 30 160 73 37 20 134 109 37

8 UTHAMAPALAYAM 78 342 128 52 47 253 189 111

Total 248 1295 784 370 138 963 1023 573

Occupation other than NREGA in remaining 265 days

Agricultur

e

Animal

husbandry

Home maker

Own business

Private

Retired

Student

Unemployed

Madurai 68.69% 3.50% 18.78% 2.03% 2.95% 0.18% 0.74% 2.95%

Theni 75.71% 11.02% 9.18% 0.00% 2.04% 0.00% 2.04% .00%

Dindugal 64.77% 2.27% 18.18% 4.55% 4.55% 0.00% 2.27% 2.27%

Source: Primary data

PROBLEMS / ISSUES

MGNREGA :

1. Issues Relevant to Job Cards and Registration

2. Delayed wages transfers to PO and GPs.

3. Non Availability of technical staff at GP

4. Problem of agriculture labour availability and inflation

5. To overcome the shortage of qualified Engineers, services of IT qualified surveyors will be taken to run the Scheme.

6. The Districts will be directed to ensure that the village plan and the labour plan is implemented vigorously

7. There should be administrative assistant at village level, An Executive officer for five villages, A programme

development officer at BDO level. This is already said in rules of MGNREGA. But it’s not carried out in all villages.

8. Out of 100 working days, only 50 days’ work was been scheduled and carried out.

9. There is a general feeling that post-office may not be an ideal institution to distribute the wages. Several problems

including the possibility of corruption are observed.

10.Nature of works being adopted appeared ad-hoc and without sound reasoning of long term value being generated

and there did exist complaints of delayed payments and procedural delays.

11.Clashing with agricultural season and proper articulation of demand and supply is main problem in its

implementation.



1. Forests and environmental clearance for new roads is denied by

respective dept.

2. Land width availability for roads is not sufficient

3. In Bodinayakkanur and Mayiladumparai block around 18

villages is not connected by roads and around 118 KM of fair

weather roads is nor maintained in Theni district.

4. Problems in land acquisition/compensation/Forest clearance

for laying roads

5. The state governments should provide budget for Maintenance

of the road constructed under PMGSY for a period of 5 years on

continuous basis. Even though budget provision is made in the

state budget, actual release is not taking place due to various

reasons.

6. No dedicated staff exclusive of this project has been appointed

as mandated by the guidelines

7. Online monitoring system needs to be strengthened

PMGSY ISSUES



News paper published issues

12 Weak linkage with the line departments in

implementation of the projects

13 No proper system for purchase of materials and

procurement of services of skilled labour

14 Problem of agriculture labour availability and inflation

SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS



1. BIO-METRIC REGISTRATION /SMART CARDS

Payments through Smart Cards appear to be the best solution,

since payment through Post office or SHGs is not found to be

smooth.

MGNREGA workers are largely illiterate, poor and at the bottom

of the social hierarchy

The system will help curb the problem of fake musters

Identity validation of workers engaged in MGNREGA schemes

Bio-metric registration of thumb impression of registered job-

card holder along with digital image

Job card details – number of days worked, number of days left

to work, wages earned

Platform to job demand

Access pay slips and history of past work

Information about the act, worker entitlements

2. Bio – Metric ATM for NREGS workers and Created Bank accounts

Account should be created (in Bank and post office) at

Household level.

Zero balance bank accounts would also be opened for

the people working under MGNREGA so that their wages

can be transferred in, without delay

This Bio-Metric ATM is equipped with Bio – Metric sensor

which has finger print authentications as a standard

feature and it is possible for the illiterate or semi literate

folks to use just thumb impression on a touch screen

which will allow the beneficiaries to withdraw their

week’s wages

This ensures that the Bio metric ATM is very easy to use

3. e- Muster and e-Measurement of Work using (GPS)

GPS location allows beneficiary travel allowance confirmation

Use of GIS as a Decision Support System to strengthen

decentralized participatory planning of works under MGNREGA

The project will start in the Theni.

Hand-held (GPS) units will be

provided in All gram Panchayat in

the schemes for registering the

exact location of work sites

Photos and attendance of

workers, measurements work

To prepare the assets directory.

To avoid duplication of works.

GPS location allows work site

attendance confirmation

MGNREGA work site

Before MGNREGA

After MGNREGA

4. Agricultural Labor bank: Agricultural work should be included in this scheme.

Here the land lord should register details of labors which

he needs and should pay government the wages of the

labor. So that the agricultural work can be performed.

Therefore agricultural labor loss can be avoided.

This activity is PPP based.

The Helpline consists of a toll free number that will be used

by the NREGA schemes.

Individuals households details and other their questions,

submit their grievances and complaints and seek guidance

from the Department of Rural Development.

5. Grievance Redressal System (Helpline)

(Agriculture work)

(Agriculture work)




RAMDASS.T - 2011803010I DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY

6. BPL Household Constructed Toilet Facilities in MGNREGA Labours

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

WithoutToiletWithToilet

Creation of durable assets and infrastructure development

in rural areas

Estimate Construction cost of toilet: Rs 18,0000

Govt Subsidy for toilet construction: Rs 5,000

Labours can be used by MGNREGA scheme: Rs 7,000.

Therefore house owners needs to spend only: Rs 6,000.

For construction.

This system implemented to fulfilled all households

7. Self Help Group organized by Self Empolyeement training

Programme useful in MGNREGA workers

8. Instead of inducting large number of officials, Gram

Panchayats may be given more powers for execution and

effective supervision, where they have not been given such

powers.

9. NREGS may be extended to educated youth (post metric) for

mobilizing them in creating social awareness about literacy,

health care, AIDS, sanitation, drinking water, balanced nutritional

diet, anti-liquor, importance about marriage, family planning and

care of the child and aged

10. Payments through Smart Cards appear to be the best

solution, since payment through Post office or SHGs is not found

to be smooth.

11. Wage rate should be increased up to Rs. 200/- per day and

extend by 150 Days.

12. The other work like Land Development irrigation facility and

horticultural plantation should also be permitted to small and

marginal farmers.

13. Instead of inducting large number of officials, Gram Panchayats may

be given more powers for execution and effective supervision, where

they have not been given such powers.

14. Basic facilities such as drinking water and first-aid have not been

provided in most places. Crèches also need to be provided when a

sufficient number of women workers are present

15. Provision of unemployment allowance needs to be strengthened

where there is a demand / need for work.

16. More opportunity of work should be created for differently abled

persons to make them independent under this scheme.

PMGSY: 1. Separate revolving fund may be created for attending to repairs and

maintenance of roads after expiry of initial five years

2. Maintenance grants should be released to PRIs

3. There should not be any delay in release of money to the contractor

who has done the work

4. Local people should be engaged for construction of roads in that area 5. There should be a move for Inter-district and inter-Tehsil/Block PMGSY roads. This is to help those border villages which remain very less benefited with roads in own district

Road link between total 18 villages (Bodinayakanur

10 and Mayiladumparai 8villages) , Total 68KM of

road is to be laid.

Maintenances work of 112 Km of fair weather road.

6. Construction of New Roads and Recommendation



evaluation of flagship rural development programe in theni district

Engineering