EVALUATION

HUDSON

PAST

FISH

WILDLIFE

PLANTS

ANIMALS BIRDS

INDUSTRY

TIMELINEWORKSHEET BRAINSTORM

POSTER

You will be evaluated on the following 4 areas:

•Did you fallow all directions given.(5 pts.)

•Did you complete all activities on time.(5 Pts.)

•Did you work cooperatively(5pts.)

•Were you a good listener.(5 pts.)

•Did you use the internet to gather at least 9 ideas about the Hudson River (10 pts.)

• Did you visit all the resource sites.(10 pts.)

•Did you print and complete your timeline.(15 pts.)

•Did you print and finish your worksheet.(15 pts,)

•Is your poster organized and based on facts found in the hyperlinks?(10pts.)

•Can you explain your poster to the class.(10pts.)

•Did you hand in your completed folder on time to your teacher.(10pts.)

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The source of the Hudson River is a two acre pond, Lake Tear of the Clouds, 4,293 ft. Up on the southwest slope on Mount Marcy in the Adirondacks. Here the Hudson is not called the Hudson until it reaches ten miles away from Lake Tear. Here it is called the Opalescent River, bringing water from the highest source, joins what is called the Hudson River, a stream coming from the Henderson and Sanford Lakes. The Hudson River changes in size as it travels south from the Adirondacks through countryside and towns and big cities (some 315 miles) to New York City where it empties into the New York Harbor (the largest port in the world).

• 4000 B.C. As far as we know there was no human settlement until the Algonquin tribes “native” to North America.

• 1524 A.D. Giovanni da Verrazanno was the first known European to discover the river while sailing for King Francis I of France.

• The next year, Estevan Gomez was sailing for Spain near Rhode Island and Maryland and noticed the river.

• However, the honor of discovering the Hudson River falls to Henry Hudson who navigated the river to see how deep and wide it was.

The Department of Environmental Conservation's Fishing Regulations Guide, call (914) 255-5453

and for infoAbout 200 fish have been documented to live in the Hudson estuary for some or all

portions of their lives throughout the year millions of fish, both marine and freshwater species,

utilize the lower Hudson as a spawning, nursery and feeding ground.

Fish common to the river off Yonkers are striped bass, white perch, bluefish, eel, herring,

largemouth bass, carp, needlefish, tomcod, sunfish, sturgeon, blue crab and shad. Many of these

fish were important to the commercial fishing industry, and are crucial to the balance of life in the

river.

Due to PCB and heavy metal contamination, there are restrictions concerning fish from the

Hudson that can be consumed safely. According to the U.S. Department of Health, striped bass,

American eel and shellfish, among others, ahould not be eaten at all. They advise no more than 1

serving of bluefish, northern pike and other specified species in one month's time, and no more

than 6 blue crabs per week.

Long term exposure to the chemicals these fish have accumulated in their tissues can cause

adverse health affects in humans - possibly cancer and nervous system disorders.

The Hudson River has been a source for many species of animal and plant life.On the next few slides will be charts of the types of wildlife the Hudson has supported which may be endangered you will have to find more information about on the web.

Native to the Hudson River

Water celery Flourishing todayArrowhead Flourishing todayWild rice Flourishing todaySwamp rose-mallow Flourishing todayNarrow-leaved cattail Flourishing todayCommon reed Flourishing todayJewelweed Flourishing today

Common Grass Shrimp

Blue Crab

Comb Jelly

That call Hudson River “home”

Pipe Fish

Mudpuppy

Pipe fish have a slender body, their color varying from dark green to olive to brown above, crossbarred and darkly mottled. The lower parts of their sides are sprinkled with white dots; their ventral (underneath) surface is golden yellow. The brood pouch flaps of males are flesh color. The dorsal and pectoral fins are pale, but the tail fins are fan shaped and brown

Food: Food of the northern pipe fish consists of zoo plankton- minute organisms: copepods, amphipods, fish eggs, and larvae, all of which exists here in the Hudson River. A study, referring to descriptions of feeding behavior, noted that after water has been expelled from the tubular mouth, prey is taken in with the return rush of water into the mouth.

Comb Jellies are relatives of true jellyfish, but they belong to the Ctenophores (pronounced "teenophores") which lack the stinging cells of the jellyfish. Jellyfish catch their prey with their stinging cells, but comb jellies have specialized cells which release a sticky mucous substance that catches prey. Comb jellies, like other planktonic or water column (floating with the current) organisms, are bioluminescent, able to give off light. As they move through the water, their cilia, which reflect light, are iridescent, glowing green, blue, purple and red. At night, a greenish blue chemically produced light emanates from these cilia. Like moths to a street light, tiny organisms are attracted to this glow and are consumed. The name Ctenophores derives from the Greek word for "comb-bearers" because of the 8 comb rows of fused cilia arranged along the sides of the animal. The cilia in these rows beat together and propel the animal through the water, for unlike jellyfish, comb jellies do not pulsate through the water.

The Blue crab is a crustacean and has five pair of legs. The first pair of legs are the large and very powerful pincers which are used for grabbing and crushing prey. It belongs to a family of swimming crabs, but also uses its legs for walking. The fifth pair of walking legs are flattened and paddle-shaped- an adaptation for swimming.

Blue crabs and humans: The Blue crab is prized as seafood all along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, especially in the Chesapeake Bay area. Eggs, laid in summer, remain attached to the body of the female, They hatch in about two weeks into larvae that are very unlike the adults. The young crabs molt and shed their shells as they grow and assume adult form. They are mature in about a year...

Niche: Blue crabs are both predators and detritivore(eats dead plants and animals).

Common Grass or Shore Shrimp; Palaemonetes pugio This is a small, nearly transparent shrimp. They remain small throughout their lives. . They are so transparent that they hardly cast a shadow! They have a few red, yellow, white and blue spots on their back. Because of these pigments, which can expand or contract changing the animal's hue, this shrimp has been used to study the hormonal control of color in crustaceans. The grass shrimp's beak reaches beyond their antennae, with the beak tip directed upward. The grass shrimp has 8-ll teeth along the top of its beak, 2 teeth behind the eye socket. The first 2 pairs of walking legs have pincers for grabbing prey and detritus (decomposing plants and animals), the second pair is larger. They use their 5 pair of abdominal legs, called "swimmerets" to swim in a beautiful, graceful movement.

Habitat: The grass shrimp live in bays and estuaries, like the Hudson River, usually among submerged seaweeds, from low-tide line to water 45' (14m) deep. Feeding Habits: They feed on detritus (decomposing plants and animals) and tiny creatures in the mud and sand.

Niche: Predator and detritivore

At 25-30 cm, this is Ontario's largest salamander. Themudpuppy has a reddish-brown back, with black spots scatteredover the body. This salamander retains its external gills throughoutits life. These red gills are feathery and are most obvious when fullyopened. This salamander is very slippery and is almost impossibleto hold with bare hands.

The mudpuppy is always found in water and frequents thebottom of riverside marshes, weedy ponds, and lakes. Becauseoxygen is absorbed from the water through external gills, themudpuppy is restricted to permanent bodies of water. The lungs arepoorly supplied with blood and have a minor role in respiration.They are used mostly for gulping air at the surface of warm, muddywater that is low in oxygen. The mudpuppy hides in weeds or underrocks during the day and emerges at night to feed on crayfish,tadpoles, worms, fish, and aquatic insects. Breeding occurs in thefall, but the eggs are not laid until April or May of the following year.

Selection of birds to the Troy dam

Great blue heron CommonCanadian goose FlourishingBlack duck CommonCanvasback duck No longer endangeredWild turkey ReintroducedHerring gull CommonRed-winged blackbird CommonGreater yellowlegs Common

• 1751 through 1817 the major industry was iron mining. The Hudson was used mainly for steamboat transport.

• Limestone and clay deposits gave rise to cement and brick manufacturing.

• As time progressed the Hudson was also used for recreational boating.

The Department of Environmental Conservation's Fishing Regulations Guide, call (914) 255-5453 and

for infoAbout 200 fish have been documented to live in the Hudson estuary for some or all portions of

their lives throughout the year millions of fish, both marine and freshwater species, utilize the lower

Hudson as a spawning, nursery and feeding ground.

Fish common to the river off Yonkers are striped bass, white perch, bluefish, eel, herring, largemouth

bass, carp, needlefish, tomcod, sunfish, sturgeon, blue crab and shad. Many of these fish were

important to the commercial fishing industry, and are crucial to the balance of life in the river.

Due to PCB and heavy metal contamination, there are restrictions concerning fish from the Hudson

that can be consumed safely. According to the U.S. Department of Health, striped bass, American eel

and shellfish, among others, ahould not be eaten at all. They advise no more than 1 serving of bluefish,

northern pike and other specified species in one month's time, and no more than 6 blue crabs per week.

Long term exposure to the chemicals these fish have accumulated in their tissues can cause adverse

health affects in humans - possibly cancer and nervous system disorders.

The timeline shows important events that affect the wildlife of the Hudson River1

Press blue box to print PRINT

WORKSHEET

Tell if the following statements are facts or opinions based on information you read about plants, birds, and animals.

Use this web site to help you answer following statements.

http://www.riverkeeper.org/hudson/history/revolution.html

1. The most important food source for migrating waterfowl in the Hudson River Valley is Water Celery which grows on the murky bottom of the Hudson and reaches to a height of 7 feet. 2.Wild rice is a 10 foot tall wetland plant which is a favorite food for Hudson River wildlife

3. Swamp rose-mallow is a 6 foot tall plant with huge, beautiful, light pink flowers you have ever seen.

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4. Arrowhead also known as “Duck Potato” which can be a source nutrition starch for waterfowl and humans alike.

5. Copepod, the most numerous of the Hudson River crustaceans, are an important food source for fish in the Hudson River.

6. The Hudson River is a haven for several species of crayfish, lobsters, and sand shrimps all of which are favorite foods for both fish and humans.

7. Blue Crab, hermit crabs and fiddler crabs are mostly scavengers of the river bottom where they are exposed to a variety of pollutants and toxins which might kill them.

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8. Blue Crab, hermit crabs and fiddler crabs are mostly scavengers of the river bottom where they are exposed to a variety of pollutants and toxins which might kill them.

9. Pressure from the fur industry and PCB pollution caused a decline in the number of mink which was a common resident of the Hudson River.

10. The Common Snapping Turtle is a relatively common turtle that lives in the mud of the river.

11. I think the Mudpuppy is a beautiful, colorful now rare salamander that grows up to a foot long.

12. Diamondback terrapin has diamond-shaped rings on the plates of its shell which I think are beautiful.

. PRINT

13. The Great Blue heron is a four foot tall wading bird found on the shores of the Hudson River.

14. The Canada goose, possibly the best known water fowl is a loud but beautiful bird that lives along the Hudson River Valley.

15. Wild Turkeys have been reintroduced to the Hudson River Valley.

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You should be done with your timeline

Go to the hyperlinks, take notes you will need them for your poster

Write on good paper 3 facts from each site

Riverwatch

Hazard

Clearwater

Time to gather all you have learned and use one fact to make a poster

Topic The Hudson River

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