european suppliers of waste-to-energy technology - …. documents/5.2. activity_reports... ·...

www.eswet.eu

european suppliers of waste-to-energy technology

Activity RepoRt 2016

content4 waste-to-energy in the waste hierarchy

5 eswet profile

6 prof. thomas fruergaard astrup on waste Management 2.0

8 Dr edmund fleck on the waste-to-energy communication

10 Mr patrick clerens on the circular economy

12 Bref revision process

14 promoting District heating and cooling

15 Measurement uncertainties (ineris report)

16 eswet activities

18 organisational structure

20 eswet Members

22 waste-to-energy in brief

creditsall pictures are copyright of eswet or its member companies.eswet wishes to thank prof thomas fruergaard astrup, as well as the president of eswet, Dr edmund fleck, and all its members for their time and efforts in making this publication possible. © european suppliers of waste-to-energy technology – June 2017

eswet | activity report 20164

waste-to-energy in the waste hierarchy

wee neeD to

The Waste Framework Directive of the European Union (Directive 2008/98/EC) sets the basic concepts and definitions related to waste management, including, among others, the waste Management hierarchy.

the amount of waste produced

what cannot be reduced

what cannot be reusedto make new products

energy and materials from the waste that cannot be recycled

of any unrecoverable residual waste safely

REDUCE

REUsE

RECyClE

RECOVER

DIsPOsE

eswet | activity report 2016 5

eswet profile

waste-to-energy (also called energy-from-waste) has an important role to play both on the energy recovery and on the environmental aspect of managing waste that is not suitable for recycling.waste-to-energy is an integral part of sustainable waste management, as reflected by its role in the waste hierarchy of the eu’s waste framework Directive, acting in complement to recycling while enabling landfilling minimisation. Making a valuable contribution to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through better waste management and cleaner energy, waste-to-energy is a solution to multiple challenges.

eSWet iS the ASSociAtion gRouping the euRopeAn SupplieRS of WASte-to-eneRgy technology. ouR mAin puRpoSe iS to foSteR the development And diSSeminAtion of WASte-to-eneRgy.

eswet profile

Why does ESWET work at the European level?

Most of the national environmental legislation in europe is derived from eu policies. furthermore, there is continuous debate on waste-to-energy within the european institutions.Many policy-makers already recognise and support waste-to-energy’s important role in waste management and as an energy source. since still more needs to be done to raise positive awareness, eswet continuously shares facts about the technology with the european decision-makers.

Klemetsrud (Oslo) Waste-to-Energy plant, Hitachi Zosen Inova

waste-to-energy in the waste hierarchy


waste ManageMent 2.0

With Circular Economy as a political framework the situation for waste management may change dramatically in the future.

in europe, an array of legislative changes are likely to be implemented in the coming years in support of circular economy. these changes require the waste management sector to redefine itself.

“Third Pollution”

historically, waste has represented a “third pollution” recognized as an environmental problem in addition to water and air pollution. while water and air pollution are characterized by media that can be cleaned before discharge to a recipient, waste had no media but itself constituted the pollution. consequently, waste management has traditionally focused on safe handling and utilization with minimum loads on the surrounding environment.with circular economy as a political framework the situation for waste management may change dramatically in the future. circular economy intends to close material and nutrient loops as much as possible to avoid loss of resources. By closing these loops waste now becomes a “media” that can be “polluted” and may need “cleaning” before re-entering a new cycle.

ciRculAR economy hAS Received tRemendouS Attention AS A Solution to mAny chAllengeS RelAted to ReSouRce ScARcity, ReSouRce efficiency, induStRy pRoductivity, economic gRoWth, job cReAtion And innovAtion.

Role for Waste-to-Energy

waste materials are not always clean nor do they have the same properties as the original raw materials. for example, plastic contains additives such as colorants and plasticizers that may limit downstream recyclability. paper products may contain unwanted chemicals introduced through printing or during the use phase of paper

thomas fruergaard astrup on waste Management 2.0


waste ManageMent 2.0

thomas fruergaard astrup professor, Department of environmental engineeringtechnical university of Denmark

products. upon recycling such chemicals may be re-introduced into new products and potentially accumulate within the material loops.to support circular economy, waste materials need to be sufficiently cleaned to ensure safe recycling. problematic chemicals need to be removed from the material loops. waste-to-energy can play an important role not only by recovering energy embedded in waste materials that cannot be recycled but also by efficiently removing harmful chemicals from material loops.

Rational approach

while circular economy may offer a promising political mindset, in itself this is not sufficient to ensure environmentally optimal solutions. handling, upgrading, cleaning and reprocessing of waste materials into new raw materials involve additional energy and resource consumption. the environmental implications of this consumption have to be balanced with the environmental benefits anticipated from savings of natural resources through recycling.life cycle assessment provides a systematic approach for evaluating the environmental consequences of recycling and utilizing waste materials. environmental impacts throughout the entire material cycle, from the point of waste generation to the downstream saving of natural resources, are included.

attempts to close material loops simply by focusing on collection of waste materials for recycling are not sufficient to ensure environmental savings in a life cycle perspective. we need to place focus on actual downstream savings of natural resources. if recycling and utilization do not result in lower resource consumption throughout the entire life cycle, then no environmental benefits are gained. while the framework for waste management may change in the coming years, we should remember that waste still represents an environmental challenge.

Tampere Waste-to-Energy plant, Luehr Filter and Steinmüller Babcock Environment


wasteD opportunity?

Waste-to-Energy should be maintained for the projects that ensure a holistic waste management system and use of state-of-the-art technologies.

the communication, originally scheduled to be published with the winter package ‘clean energy for all europeans’, was eventually released as a part of the circular economy action plan.

Twisting the plot

eswet believes that due to this change the commission missed a chance to explore the full potential of waste-to-energy understood as thermal energy recovery. the communication rightly promotes the waste hierarchy – we should prevent waste and recycle as much as it is technically and economically possible. however, according to the Jrc’s study, we will need energy recovery to support the massive diversion from landfill. also higher recycling rates may lead to an increased amount of sorting residues. we should therefore underline that waste-to-energy is part of an integrated waste management.

1 the communication was officially published on 26th January 2017, however as it was prepared in 2016 we decided to include it in this report.

in 2016 eSWet folloWed cloSely the euRopeAn commiSSion’S WoRk on itS communicAtion on WASte-to-eneRgy1 And tWo AccompAnying StudieS: on the technicAl potentiAl And WASte incineRAtion cApAcitieS in euRope (See the boxeS).

Always improving

the communication acknowledges that waste-to-energy can generate nearly 30% more energy from the same amount of waste. what is not mentioned in the communication, is that this potential lies mostly with the thermal energy recovery. eswet members constantly work on improving the technical potential and

edmund fleck on the wasted opportunity


wasteD opportunity?

edmund fleckeswet president

environmental performance of the thermal energy recovery technology. thanks to that, waste-to-energy not only deals with residual waste, but also provides a reliable source of energy.

Transition to landfill-free economy

since the eu countries differ regarding their waste management systems, also the solutions that they can apply should be adjusted to their situation. several countries still need to be supported in their transition to a landfill-free economy. funding to waste-to-energy should be therefore maintained for the projects that ensure a holistic waste management system and use of state-of-the-art technologies.finally, we should not forget about the direct contribution of waste-to-energy to improving recycling rates. Minerals and metals recovered in waste-to-energy plants can be used again, strengthening the eu resource efficiency. reclaiming materials from the bottom ash also reduces the carbon footprint and energy use. this opportunity should be enabled by a well-adjusted legislation.

Way forward

ensuring integrated waste management, improving technological and environmental performance of waste-to-energy, and contributing to the eu resource efficiency – these are eswet’s objectives. we will continue to provide the eu institutions and our stakeholders with knowledge on how these objectives can be put in practice in the eu.

‘Assessment of waste incineration capacity and waste shipments in Europe’ (EEA)the study ordered by the european environmental agency (eea) states that waste-to-energy capacity is unevenly spread among the eu countries. southern and eastern Member states still rely to a large extent on landfilling.

‘Towards a better exploitation of the technical potential of waste-to-energy’ (JRC)according to the study published by the Joint research centre (Jrc) of the european commission, the technical performance of waste-to-energy can be improved by 29% with the same amount of feedstock.

Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Europe


circular econoMy – still unDer construction

The Netherlands use nearly 100% of the bottom ash that is generated in Waste-to-Energy plants for construction purposes.

in our voting recommendations presented to the Members of the european parliament (Meps) we advised caution when pushing for caps or taxes on energy recovery. transition to the circular economy should be concentrated on proper implementation of the waste hierarchy. for instance, the focus should be on encouraging lower consumption rates and quality recycling.

however, all waste that cannot be avoided or recycled should be dealt with in a responsible manner. landfilling is hardly an option, due to its impact on the environment. energy recovery should not be therefore punished for serving its function – dealing with waste that is not suitable for recycling.

in 2016, the euRopeAn pARliAment And the council WeRe buSy With digeSting And Amending the commiSSion’S pRopoSAlS foR the WASte-RelAted legiSlAtion. AlSo At eSWet We WeRe buSy explAining thAt WASte-to-eneRgy iS An impoRtAnt element of the ciRculAR economy.

patrick clerens on the circular economy


circular econoMy – still unDer construction

patrick clerenseswet secretary general

the amount of waste that goes to a waste-to-energy plant should therefore depend on the actual demand, and not artificial caps. luckily, the Meps decided not to endorse such caps.

on the other hand, we welcomed amendments tabled by some Meps aiming at including in recycling rates not only metals, but also other materials obtained together with energy recovery. although this change was not adopted in the final version of the report, we believe that it is important to highlight this added value that waste-to-energy brings to the circular economy. for example, the netherlands use nearly 100% of the bottom ash that is generated in waste-to-energy plants for construction purposes.

it will be only in 2017 that we will see the completion of the legislative works on the circular economy package. eswet will follow these developments, and is ready for new challenges.

Stay tuned!

Circular Economy Package – contains 4 legislative acts:

amending Directive 2008/98/ec on waste•amending Directive 1999/31/ec on the landfill •of wasteamending Directive 94/62/ec on packaging •and packaging wasteamending Directives 2000/53/ec on end-of-•life vehicles, 2006/66/ec on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators, and 2012/19/eu on waste electrical and electronic equipment

Cheese slicer, recovered from bottom ash and ready to be recycled


Bref review process

Are BREFs important?

in the past, Brefs were only an indicative collection of technologies considered as Bat and levels of emissions associated with them. they could be used by the permitting authorities in the Members states as a point of reference, in addition to binding emission limit values set in the european legislation (e.g. waste incineration Directive).

however, this situation changed with the adoption of the industrial emission Directive in 2010. now, Bref conclusions are legally binding acts that have to be complied with by the permitting authorities and plant operators. this means that the current revision of the waste incineration (wi) Bref will have consequences on how the plants are built and operated in the future. it is therefore very crucial to ensure that the regulations are feasible.

A weighty tome…

the current wi Bref has over 600 pages. it presents technologies suitable for dealing with different types of pollutions, together with emission levels associated with these Bats.

the euRopeAn union StRiveS to enSuRe thAt induStRy limitS itS enviRonmentAl impAct And uSeS StAte-of-the-ARt technology. the beSt AvAilAble techniqueS (bAtS) ARe gAtheRed in So-cAlled bRefS – bAt RefeRence documentS. cuRRently, the WASte-to-eneRgy SectoR iS in the middle of the RevieW of itS SectoRiAl bRef.

…And Herculean work

the revision of Bref takes time – at least 4 years. performances of all techniques need to be checked and evaluated. the work is done by the technical working group (twg), the european integrated pollution prevention and control Bureau (eippcB) and the european commission (Dg env). eswet, as a member of the twg, actively participates in the process and provides technical input. eswet’s main priorities are to ensure that new regulations are implementable and allow for the best environmental protection achieved in a cost-effective way.

Principles to follow

what should therefore be the principles of a proper derivation of emissions values associated with Bats (so-called Bataels)?

good data collection – verifiable data sources and •reliable monitoring methods. removal only of values that breach current •emission limits – the data pool should be as representative as possible in order to present the real picture.integrated approach – new Bataels for different •pollutants and environmental performance levels (e.g. use of water or electricity) should be intertwined, meaning that it has to be possible to comply with all of them at the same time. the derivation method has to be transparent and •follow accepted logic – it has to be made clear why given values are accepted or rejected.

Bref review process


WI BREF – timeline

May 2014 – reactivation of twgJanuary 2015 – Kick-off Meetingnovember 2015 – april 2016 – gathering plant datanovember 2016 - data assessment webinarMay 2017 – first draft

Who is involved?

TWG – the technical working group composed of the representatives of Member states, industry and ngosEIPPCB – the european integrated pollution prevention and control Bureau, unit of the european commission located in sevilleDG ENV – Directorate-general for the environment of the european commission.

The current WI BREF has over 600 pages. It presents technologies suitable for dealing with different types of pollutions, together with emission levels associated with these BATs.

TWGkICk-oFF mEETInG

FInAl TWGmEETInG

ART. 13 FoRummEETInG

ART. 75 CommITTEEmEETInG

PuBlICATIon

DRAFT 1 (D1)

DRAFT 2 (D2)oPTIonAl

FInAl DRAFT

INDUsTry

technical worKing group (twg)

the sevilla process

ENV. NGos

MEMBEr sTaTEs

+ efta anD accession countries

EUroPEaNCoMMIssIoN/

EIPPCB

initial positions presented

informations & dataprovided by twg Members

draft is reviewed& finalised

twg Members givetheir opinion

Member states vote on the final text

european comision publishes adopted Bref

commenting period


proMoting District heating anD cooling

Transition to the Circular Economy should be concentrated on proper implementation of the Waste Hierarchy.

on 30 november 2016 it released another package of legislative proposals: ‘clean energy for all europeans’. eswet welcomes the commission’s will to encourage renewable district heating and cooling. District heating, as such, is a great source of heat in urbanised areas. heating networks allow for economies of scale. Moreover, using state-of-the-art plants to provide heat increases energy efficiency and improves air quality in cities. waste-to-energy is a great example of an energy source for heating networks.

this role of waste-to-energy was noted in the explanatory memorandum to the renewable energy Directive: ‘district heating systems represent an important infrastructural technology to facilitate increased total conversion efficiencies of waste-to-energy plants’.also in its eu strategy on heating and cooling issued in february 2016 the commission mentions that ‘synergies between waste-to-energy processes and district heating/cooling could provide a secure, renewable, and in some cases, more affordable energy in displacing fossil fuels’.waste-to-energy plants currently provide 13% of heat used in district heating networks. it replaces fossil fuels and uses a local feedstock – our waste. as 50%

foR the lASt 2 yeARS the euRopeAn commiSSion hAS been buSy deliveRing on theiR pRomiSe to build the eneRgy union.

of it is considered of biogenic origin, it also allows to limit co2 emissions. eswet Members have built many plants that supply district heating networks. we are therefore glad to see that the european commission encourages increased renewable energy uptake in the district heating and cooling sector.

promoting District heating and cooling


proMoting District heating anD cooling

MeasureMent uncertainties (ineris report)

we found out that the emissions are in fact so low that it is difficult to measure them!

compliance with emissions limit values requires reliable monitoring equipment. eswet Members use state-of-the-art technologies to ensure that all the technical standards developed by the european committee for standardisation (cen) and national bodies are respected.

Too good to comply?

however, the standardised procedures are adjusted to average emissions. hence, with ever decreasing emission values the standards might become not sensitive enough to detect very low concentrations. for the environment, it is a good thing – it means that waste-to-energy plants are very clean. yet, it might be problematic for plants operators as they need to comply with given measurement certainties.

Avoiding non-feasibility

Based on the ineris report eswet is therefore advocating caution when setting emission levels associated with the Best available techniques (so called Bataels). they should be feasible to monitor

in 2016 eSWet togetheR With ceWep2 And feAd3 commiSSioned A Study on emiSSion meASuRement ceRtAinty. the RenoWned fRench Scientific inStitute, ineRiS, conducted foR uS A ReSeARch on WhetheR cuRRent monitoRing StAndARdS AlloW foR meASuRing emiSSionS fRom WASte-to-eneRgy plAntS.

– otherwise, they will only remain numbers on paper!how can we guarantee that the emissions are measurable? first, the values and the standards should be verified by cen. secondly, new Bataels should be derived in accordance with what is technically possible to measure.

Regulations fit for purpose

eswet is dedicated to raising the awareness on this matter. on 21 october 2016 eswet co-organised a workshop together with cewep and feaD for the eu Member states explaining the topic. in 2017, eswet will continue to work on ensuring that emissions are measured according to the applicable regulations and standards and that the operators can comply with the upcoming Bataels for the wi Bref.

Measurement uncertainties (ineris report)

1 cewep - confederation of european waste-to-energy plants2 feaD - european federation of waste Management and environmental services


eswet activities 2016

feBruary

on the 15th of february, eswet’s 5th annual crêpes party took place. the event celebrated the end of carnival with different types of pancakes and was a networking opportunity for gathered professionals from environment and energy sectors.

on the 15th of february Dr edmund fleck, eswet president, gave an interview in the radioX ucc in ireland on the circular economy and waste-to-energy.an article ‘can our bins brighten our future?’, authored by Mr patrick clerens, eswet secretary general, was published on euractiv on 24th february. the article promoted waste-to-energy as a good source of partly renewable energy.

March

Mr patrick clerens, gave a presentation at the hitachi Zosen inova event “open Minds shape the future” on the 4th of March. he provided an update on the waste incineration (wi) Bref revision that started in 2015 and is expected to finish in 2018.Mr guillaume perron-piché, eswet policy officer until June 2016, contributed to the March-april issue of the waste Management world. the article ‘Joined up thinking for europe’s waste to energy policy’ presented policy developments concerning the sector: works on waste-to-energy communication and Bref review.

april

on the 28-29th april eswet secretariat joined a site visit to two waste-to-energy plants in sweden, organised in the context of the waste incineration Bref revision. the aim of this visit was to foster the exchange of information on different waste-to-energy techniques and processes between the members of the technical working group.

May

on the 24th of May, the secretariat organised a guided visit to the indaver waste-to-energy plant in Beveren, antwerp. the visit attracted participants from media and the european commission and lead to two interviews given by Mr clerens.

eswet’s secretariat was present at ifat, a leading environmental trade fair in Munich, from 30th to 31st of May. Many of eswet members were also present!


eswet activities 2016

June

an italian online magazine, l’indro, published on 7th June an interview with Mr clerens on role of the waste-to-energy in the circular economy and the energy union.following the visit to the indaver plant, on 14th June, an article ‘your waste – your energy’ was published by revolve Media, with a quote from Mr clerens explaining that waste-to-energy sector follows strict emission standards.

octoBer

on the 20th october Mr de chefdebien and Ms walczak represented eswet at the art. 13 forum meeting. the gathering’s main purpose was to give an opinion the large combustion plant Bref. for waste-to-energy sector the revision of this Bref is a point of reference for the work on the waste incineration Bref.on the next day, 21st october, eswet co-organised together with cewep and feaD a workshop dedicated to the monitoring issue presented in the ineris report. the workshop was met with great interest - representatives of 10 Member states, as well as some of the eippcB staff were present.

noveMBer

Ms walczak represented eswet at the 13th international conference ‘thermal treatment of waste - from plans to implementation’ in poznań, poland. she gave an update on wi Bref review process.

DeceMBer

on 9th December Mr de chefdebien gave a presentation on behalf of eswet at the sMi’s annual energy from waste conference in london. the topic was waste incineration Bref and measurement uncertainty.

July

Mr clerens participated in the event organised by the eswet’s associate Member, Magaladi. the event included a visit to a central bottom ash treatment plant for Zürich canton in hinwil, switzerland.

august

eswet, together with other associations (cewep and feaD), published a report by ineris institute on the monitoring uncertainty with regard to Bref revision and setting new emission levels associated with Bats (Bataels).

septeMBer

Mr hubert de chefdebien, chair of the eswet technical committee, and Ms natalia walczak, eswet policy officer, attended on 8th september a stakeholders’ meeting on the waste-to-energy communication, organised by the european commission. on the 15th september the eswet secretariat together with Mr de chefdebien participated in a workshop on cost-benefit analysis of Bat conclusions organised by the european commission.


organisational structure

GENEral assEMBlyDr edmund fleck

TEChNICal CoMMITTEEMr hubert de chefdebien

WG oN WI BrEFDr edmund fleck

WG working group

WI waste incineration

BrEF Bat reference Document

BaT Best available technique

PUBlIC rElaTIoNs CoMMITTEEMr ole hedegaard Madsen

General Assembly

the decision-making body within eswet is the general assembly, where top representatives of the member companies meet to determine the policies and working of the association.

Public Relations Committee

the public relations committee defines the way eswet communicates. it covers a broad range of tasks, from organising eswet-branded events and workshops to ensuring the visibility of the association by creating attractive campaigns and slogans. as eswet engages with a wide range of people, the committee identifies the appropriate level of communication, ranging from industry and technical exchange to simple explanation of how waste-to-energy works.




The Secretariat

the eswet secretariat is in touch with representatives of all member companies. it provides support to the Members when they have special needs and also acts as the contact and follow-up point with the eu institutions. the secretariat is glad to handle questions from the public and promotes waste-to-energy in a large number of events.

Technical Committee

the technical committee reviews the policies and legislation set by the eu and determines eswet’s position on them.

Working Group on BREFs

the working group on Brefs was established for the purpose of preparing the review of the waste treatment and waste incineration Bref under the new rules of the industrial emissions Directive.

Cardiff Waste-to-Energy plant, CNIM


eswet MeMBers

BaBCoCK & WIlCoX VolUND falkevej 2 6705 esbjerg – Denmark www.volund.dk

GE PoWEr sWEDEN p.o. Box 123335112 växjo – sweden www.ge.com

CNIM rue de Bassano 3575008 paris – francewww.cnim.com

KEPPEl sEGhErs hoofd 1 2830 willebroek – Belgiumwww.keppelseghers.com

lhoIsT rue de l’industrie 31 1400 nivelles – Belgium www.lhoist.com

CarMEUsE Bd de lauzelle 65 1348 louvain-la-neuve – Belgium www.carmeuse.com

hITaChI ZosEN INoVa hardturmstrasse 1278037 Zürich – switzerland www.hz-inova.com

DoosaN lENTJEsDaniel-goldbach-strasse 1940880 ratingen – germanywww.doosanlentjes.com

laB avenue Jean Jaurès 25969007 lyon – france www.lab-stuttgart.de


eswet MeMBers

lÜhr FIlTEr enzer straße 26 31655 stadthagen – germany www.luehr-filter.de

sICKerwin-sick-strasse 179183 waldkirch – germanywww.sick.com

MarTIN GMBh leopoldstraße 248 80807 München – germany www.martingmbh.de

sTEINMÜllEr BaBCoCK ENVIroNMENTfabrikstrasse 151643 gummersbach – germanywww.steinmueller-babcock.com

VINCI ENVIroNNEMENT Bd franklin roosevelt 8992506 rueil-Malmaison cedex - francewww.vinci-environnement.com

MaGalDI INDUsTrIEvia irno 21984135 salerno - italywww.magaldi.com

sTaNDarDKEssEl BaUMGarTE senner straße 115 33647 Bielefeld – germany www.baumgarte.com

MITsUBIshI hITaChI PoWEr sysTEMs EUroPE GMBh schifferstrasse 8047059 Duisburg – germanywww.eu.mhps.com

TM.E s.p.a. TErMoMECCaNICa EColoGIa via del Molo 3 19126 la spezia – italy www.tme.termomeccanica.com


waste-to-energy…is an essential part of a sustainable waste •management strategy: it is complementary to recycling by treating waste that is not suitable for material recovery and would otherwise be landfilledmeets the eu legislation aimed at minimising •emissions; the eu environmental standards for waste-to energy plants are the strictest of all combustion industriesis a ‘recovery’ operation when meeting eu •energy efficiency criteria. it can make energy from waste available for external use at high efficiency (e.g. district heating and cooling, process steam and electricity)

helps fight climate change by:•avoiding methane emissions from landfilling•recovering energy from any form of carbon-•neutral biomassoffsetting the use of fossil fuels for energy •generation

isolates harmful substances contained in waste, •ensuring their removal from the eco-cycle through either destruction or safe disposalperforms ‘urban mining’ by recovering the •energy and materials contained in residual waste, an indigenous source of energy and resources for europeis a reliable and proven technology, developed •in europe and exported worldwide

Bydgoszcz Waste-to-Energy plant, Termomeccanica Ecologia

avenue adolphe lacomblé 591030 Brussels

tel.: +32 2 743 29 88fax: +32 2 743 29 90

[email protected]

@EsWET_EUeuropean suppliers of waste-to-energy technology

european suppliers of waste-to-energy technology - …. documents/5.2. activity_reports... ·...

Documents