European Painting Review

40 questions that will appear in some form on the next test.

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Kalamazoo Valley Community CollegeHumanities 101

Scott Myers

1. The Reformation• Led to what new branch of Christianity?

1. The Reformation• Led to what new branch of Christianity?

Protestantism.

2. Martin Luther

• According to him, who was responsible for each individual Christian’s salvation?

2. Martin Luther

Each individual Christian him or herself.

• According to him, who was responsible for each individual Christian’s salvation?

3. Art in Northern Europe after the Reformation

• Rather than religious subjects, artists in Northern Europe spent most of their time on these four types of paintings.

3. Art in Northern Europe after the Reformation

• Rather than religious subjects, artists in Northern Europe spent most of their time on these four types of paintings.

• Genre painting • Landscape• Portraits • Still life

Pieter Saenredam: Interior of St. Bavo, Haarlem (1636)

4. What aspect of the Reformation does this picture illustrate?

Pieter Saenredam: Interior of St. Bavo, Haarlem (1636)

4. What aspect of the Reformation does this picture illustrate?

Iconoclasm

5. Name the artist and two characteristics of his work exemplified in these two works.

5. Name the artist and two characteristics of his work exemplified in these two works.

• Extraordinary detail• Unique sense of light• Calm interior scenes, often of similar composition

Jan Vermeer.

6. The use of light and dark to create three-

dimensional, modeled surfaces is

________________________.

6. The use of light and dark to create three-

dimensional, modeled surfaces is

________________________.

7. Dramatic contrasts of light and dark with

little in between is

________________________.

Chiaroscuro.

6. The use of light and dark to create three-

dimensional, modeled surfaces is

________________________.

7. Dramatic contrasts of light and dark with

little in between is

________________________.

Chiaroscuro.

Tenebrism.

8. Name the artist and two characteristics of his work exemplified in these two works.

8. Name the artist and two characteristics of his work exemplified in these two works.

Rembrandt van Rijn.

• Chiaroscuro • Tenebrism • Interest in individual psychology• Sophisticated brush technique

9.Johnny Cash’s video for the song “Hurt” could be compared to still-life painting known as this.

9.Johnny Cash’s video for the song “Hurt” could be compared to still-life painting known as this.

Memento MoriVanitas

10.In a Dutch still-life of the 17th century like this one, the object circled could be seen as a symbol of what?

10.In a Dutch still-life of the 17th century like this one, the object circled could be seen as a symbol of what?

The impermance of the things of this world. The inevitability of death.

11.This painting by Caravaggio is an example of his emphasis on what?

11.This painting by Caravaggio is an example of his emphasis on what?

Drama

12.The model for this painting of the death of the Virgin Mary was whom?

12.The model for this painting of the death of the Virgin Mary was whom?

A local prostitute.

13.Caravaggio used real people and easily-understood situations in his paintings. Why?

13.Caravaggio used real people and easily-understood situations in his paintings. Why?

He wanted them to be accessible to the average viewer in the local church.

14.Which work is by Caravaggio and which by Artimisa Gentilleschi?

A. B.

14.Which work is by Caravaggio and which by Artimisa Gentilleschi?

Gentileschi CaravaggioA. B.

15.What does the artist do to make the composition of this work more energetic?

15.What does the artist do to make the composition of this work more energetic?

Swirling lines emphasize movement.

16.Below are details from two works by the same artist. Name the artist and the “syndrome” Sister Wendy said he suffers from.

16.Below are details from two works by the same artist. Name the artist and the “syndrome” Sister Wendy said he suffers from.

Peter Paul Rubens“Fat Lady Syndrome”

17.Who is this and what is the significance of his attire?

17.Who is this and what is the significance of his attire?

•Louis XIV.Louis XIV.•He dictated style in all aspects of He dictated style in all aspects of

French society to suit his tastes.French society to suit his tastes.

18.Why could Louis XIV get away with this?

18.Why could Louis XIV get away with this?

Absolute Absolute Monarch.Monarch.

19.What is the significance of this symbol to Louis XIV?

Louis XIV was known as the Sun Louis XIV was known as the Sun King.King.

19.What is the significance of this symbol to Louis XIV?

20.What is this building and what is its significance to Louis XIV?

• Palace of Versailles.Palace of Versailles.• Built by Louis XIV outside Paris. Built by Louis XIV outside Paris.

Moved entire court there.Moved entire court there.

20.What is this building and what is its significance to Louis XIV?

21.What is this building and what is its significance to Louis XIV?

21.What is this building and what is its significance to the man in question #1?

• The Louvre, Paris.The Louvre, Paris.• The museum was the traditional home of The museum was the traditional home of

French monarchs until Louis rejected it in French monarchs until Louis rejected it in favor of Versailles.favor of Versailles.

21.What is this building and what is its significance to Louis XIV?

22. What style of painting is this? How can you tell?

22. What style of painting is this? How can you tell?

•Rococo.Rococo.•Elaborate Elaborate •DelicateDelicate•FrivolousFrivolous•DecorativeDecorative•EroticErotic

•Lots of cupidsLots of cupids•CuteCute• InnocentInnocent•??

Boucher: Boucher: The Rape of EuropaThe Rape of Europa 1732-34 1732-34

23. One thing Watteau’s two versions of this painting may show is what?

23. One thing Watteau’s two versions of this painting may show is what?

Watteau: Watteau: The Embarkation for the Island of CytheraThe Embarkation for the Island of Cythera

In the Rococo period, artists had to respond In the Rococo period, artists had to respond to the demands of the market, i.e. their to the demands of the market, i.e. their aristocratic customers.aristocratic customers.

24. What style of painting is this? How can you tell?

24. What style of painting is this? How can you tell?

• Neoclassical.Neoclassical.• Classical architectureClassical architecture• Symmetrical compositionSymmetrical composition• ““Statuesque” figuresStatuesque” figures• Democratic (story from the Roman Republic)Democratic (story from the Roman Republic)

Jacques-Louis David: Jacques-Louis David: The Oath of the HoratiiThe Oath of the Horatii

25. What is this man doing with his right hand in his vest?

25. What is this man doing with his right hand in his vest?

Nothing. It was a normal portrait pose in the Nothing. It was a normal portrait pose in the 1919thth century. century.

26. Jacques-Louis David’s student Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres was also a favorite painter of Napoleon’s. Like many of Ingres’ clients, Napoleon would have appreciated this...

26. Jacques-Louis David’s student Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres was also a favorite painter of Napoleon’s. Like many of Ingres’ clients, Napoleon would have appreciated this...

Great attention to the details of his clothing.Great attention to the details of his clothing.

27. What was the artist’s reason for depicting this woman the way he does?

27. What was the artist’s reason for depicting this woman the way he does?

• Ingres’ personal taste/response to the subject.Ingres’ personal taste/response to the subject.

• Distortion of the body to suit his vision.Distortion of the body to suit his vision.

• Interest in exotic lands.Interest in exotic lands.

28. In addition to paintings like this by Caspar David Friedrich, this style produced works like Frankenstein, Dracula, and the stories of Edgar Allan Poe...

28. In addition to paintings like this by Caspar David Friedrich, this style produced works like Frankenstein, Dracula, and the stories of Edgar Allan Poe...

RomanticismRomanticism

29. What’s going on here?

29. What’s going on here?

Legendary Assyrian king who decided to have all his Legendary Assyrian king who decided to have all his possessions - human, animal, and inanimate - possessions - human, animal, and inanimate - destroyed and to kill himself rather than allow his destroyed and to kill himself rather than allow his enemies to take them in battle.enemies to take them in battle.

Eugene Delacroix: The Death of Sardanapalus

30. What did the Romantics like about this story?

30. What did the Romantics like about this story?

His extreme emotional response to adversity. His extreme emotional response to adversity. It wasn’t a good response, but he was fully It wasn’t a good response, but he was fully committed to it.committed to it.

Also exotic locale.Also exotic locale.

Francisco de Goya: The Black Paintings

31. Same thing is going on here…

Francisco de Goya: The Black Paintings

• INTENSE (extreme) FEELINGINTENSE (extreme) FEELING

31. Same thing is going on here…

32. What did Frederic Edwin Church and other American Romantic landscape painters see in nature?

God. Divinity. Representation of God’s glory.God. Divinity. Representation of God’s glory.

32. What did Frederic Edwin Church and other American Romantic landscape painters see in nature?

Henry Fuseli: The Nightmare

33. What two characteristics of Romanticism are in seen in this painting?

Henry Fuseli: The Nightmare

• INDIVIDUALISM (psychology)INDIVIDUALISM (psychology)

• SUPERNATURALSUPERNATURAL

33. What two characteristics of Romanticism are in seen in this painting?

34. Who are these people and why did Millet paint them?

34. Who are these people and why did Millet paint them?

• The Gleaners.The Gleaners.• Show the people of France how hard it was Show the people of France how hard it was

to be a peasant in hopes of improving their to be a peasant in hopes of improving their lives.lives.

A B

35. Why did the French Academies prefer A to B?

35. Why did the French Academies prefer A to B?

• Mythological Mythological subject.subject.

• Modeled figures, Modeled figures, realistic lighting.realistic lighting.

• Idealized.Idealized.

• Modern subject.Modern subject.• Flat figures, Flat figures,

unrealistic unrealistic lighting.lighting.

• Not idealized.Not idealized.

A B

Eduard Manet - Déjeuner sur l’herbe

36. This painting started what movement in painting?

Eduard Manet - Déjeuner sur l’herbe

36. This painting started what movement in painting?

ImpressionismImpressionism

37. How did the Impressionists’ interest in Manet’s new approach to painting change the history of art?

37. How did the Impressionists’ interest in Manet’s new approach to painting change the history of art?

• Took less time to paint.Took less time to paint.• More work to sell.More work to sell.• Lower prices.Lower prices.• More customers.More customers.• Possible to make a living as artist, Possible to make a living as artist,

independent of the academic authorities.independent of the academic authorities.

Claude Monet: Impression, Sunrise

38. This painting gave what movement its name?

Claude Monet: Impression, Sunrise

ImpressionismImpressionism

38. This painting gave what movement its name?

39. Because artists combined an emphasis on a personal interpretation with bright color, Post-Impressionism could be seen as a combination of these two styles that originated earlier.

Romanticism & ImpressionismRomanticism & Impressionism

39. Because artists combined an emphasis on a personal interpretation with bright color, Post-Impressionism could be seen as a combination of these two styles that originated earlier.

40. These two paintings by van Gogh show...

40. These two paintings by van Gogh show...

• The importance of the time van Gogh and Gauguin The importance of the time van Gogh and Gauguin lived together in Arles, in the south of France.lived together in Arles, in the south of France.

• How van Gogh saw Gauguin as a leader and an How van Gogh saw Gauguin as a leader and an inspiration.inspiration.

• They reflect van Gogh’s simplified approach to They reflect van Gogh’s simplified approach to color compared to Gauguin’scolor compared to Gauguin’s