European Footholds in Southeast Asia

Section 14-3pp. 457-460

Preview Questions

• How did the Portuguese and the Dutch build empires in the East?

• How did Spain control the Philippines?

• How did the decline of Mughal India affect European traders?

Portugal’s Empire in the East

• Portugal is the first nation to gain a foothold in SE Asia

• Alfonso de Albuquerque – Won over local Indian princes– Seized island of Goa in 1510– Used military force to take control

of the port of Malacca and the Malacca Strait

Afonso de Albuquerque

Portugal’s Empire in the East

• Military and Trading Outposts – Used to control empire and resupply ships– Strategies made Europeans feared and hated – Control trade between Europe and Asia

• Impact– Portuguese lose control of trade – Intolerant missionaries attack Muslims & Hindus

Rise of the Dutch

• First nation to challenge Portugal in SE Asia

• Sea Power– Motivated by profit of

sea trade – Sailors set up colonies

(Ex: Cape Town)

Rise of the Dutch

• A Powerful Dutch Company – Dutch East India Company• Full sovereign powers

– Strategy • Military force • Ties with local rulers

– Controlled Malacca Strait – Opened trade with China – Established a monopoly over Spice Islands

Spain Seizes the Philippines

• Spain claimed Philippines in 1521

• Missionaries brought Catholicism to SE Asia

• Use as crossover

between North American and China

Mughal India

• India had valuable textiles and spices

• Religious civil wars and government corruption caused collapse of empire

• French and British fought for control of India in 1700’s – used sepoys The British East India Company

controlled India by the late 1700s