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European Commission &
Euratom activities in
Radioactive Waste Management
International Conference on Geological Repositories, ICGR 2016, Paris
Euratom Treaty, 1957
DG Research and Innovation
Unit G4 – Fission Energy
Christophe Davies Project Officer
European Union Institutions
European Commission
(28 Commission Members)
European
Parliament
European Court of
Auditors
Council of the
European Union
Committee of the
Regions
Court of Justice Economic and
Social Committee
2007
Treaties on European Union
(TEU) & Functioning (TFEU)
1957
Treaty on European Atomic
Energy Community (EURATOM)
DG ENER
Energy
Policy Research
DG DEVCO
Development
&
Cooperation
DG NEAR
Enlargement
JRC
Joint
Research
Centre
DG RTD
Research
&
Innovation
Europe,
Southern
Mediterranean
Middle-East &
Neighbour-
hood Policy
Financial
Instruments
& Regional
Programmes
EURATOM
Supply
Agency
Nuclear
Energy
Nuclear
Safeguards
Energy
(EURATOM)
Nuclear
Safety &
Security (Brussels (BE),
Karlsruhe (DE),
Petten (NL), Geel
(BE), Ispra (IT))
External support
European Commission
EURATOM
DG ENER
Energy
Policy Research
DG DEVCO
Development
&
Cooperation
DG NEAR
Enlargement
JRC
Joint
Research
Centre
DG RTD
Research
&
Innovation
Europe,
Southern
Mediterranean
Middle-East &
Neighbour-
hood Policy
Financial
Instruments
& Regional
Programmes
EURATOM
Supply
Agency
Nuclear
Energy
Nuclear
Safeguards
Energy
(EURATOM)
Nuclear
Safety &
Security (Brussels (BE),
Karlsruhe (DE),
Petten (NL), Geel
(BE), Ispra (IT))
External support
European Commission
EURATOM
DEVCO: Actions towards
third countries
Instrument for Nuclear Safety
Cooperation :
INSC II 2014-2020
Three domains: (Total Budget: 225 M€) Nuclear safety, rad. protection standards (50% & 16 m€/y)
Safeguards (10% & 3.2 m€/y)
Spent fuel & radioactive waste management (35% & 11 m€/y)
Topics: Transport, treatment, processing, storage, disposal and
decommissioning & remediation
Projects to:
• Develop capacity of regul. authorities & waste management org.;
• Develop strategy and national policy for waste & SF management;
• Develop regulatory framework for uranium mining and milling;
• Study feasibility and remediation of uranium legacy sites
• Support specific radioactive waste/spent fuel management projects
(in Ukraine and Chernobyl exclusion zone)
https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sectors/energy/nuclear-safety_en
Directive 2011/70/EURATOM (Responsible and Safe Management of Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste)
• Basic requirements on EU Member States to establish national policy,
legislative, regulatory, organisational framework and a national programme
to manage all types of RW from generation to disposal
• National programme consists in:
Implementation of the policy
Timeframes, Milestones
Classification, Inventory
Concepts and Plans, etc.
Costs and Financial schemes
R&D and demonstration
Public information and participation
Monitoring and Performance indicators
International agreements
Self-assessment and Peer reviews
ENER: Policy and
Legal Instruments
Other related Directives :
- Basic Safety Standards
(2013/59)
- Shipment of RAW & SF
(2006/117)
- Nuclear Safety (2014/87)
Transposition into national legal framework (23 Aug. 2013)
• To date all MS notified full transposition
EC conformity assessment ongoing & questions under clarification with MS
National programmes (23 Aug. 2015)
• 27 programmes received (22 final), Outstanding expected end 2016 – 2017
Reports on Implementation of Nat. Prog. (1st 23 Aug. 2015 & every three years)
All 28 MS reports received
International Peer Reviews (every 10 years)
• First ARTEMIS peer review planned for 2017 (Poland and France)
• EC supports the IAEA in preparation of the ARTEMIS guidelines
EC outlook
1st report to the Council and Parliament - in preparation
EC event on lessons learned – 7-9 June 2017, Brussels (TBC)
Revision of ENSREG Guidelines on reporting – ongoing
Nuclear Illustrative Programme (PINC) – EC communication April 2016. EESC
opinion adopted on 22 September 2016. Final PINC will be issued in due time
Radioactive Waste
Directive : STATUS
Historical overview of the
Euratom Programme
1975
WM1
1st prog.
1980
WM2
2nd prog.
1985
WM3
3rd prog.
1990/94
WM4
4th prog.
1994/98
FP4
5th prog.
1998/2002
FP5
6th prog.
2002
FP6
7th prog.
2007
FP7
8th prog.
2014
Horizon 2020
9th prog.
Total
€m
€ 19m EC funding
€ 43m €62m € 73.5m € 33.5m € 32m € 47.1m € 64.6m 2014/17 =
€35.2m
€409.8
contracts / projects &
avg./ct >400
180k€/ct
>100
430k€/ct
41
820k€/ct
43
745k€/ct
24
€1,96m
26
€2,48m
5 (2014-15)
(2016-17)
13 proposals
Waste management strategies & system studies
Waste Characterisation, QA/QC, Treatment & Conditioning
Disposal (basic phenomena, Natural Analogues, Modelling & Safety Ass.t)
Repository design, URL construction, EBS, Backfilling/sealing, THMC,
Geochemistry, in situ exp.ts & demonstrations)
# reports > 1000 http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/euratom-fission/funded-
reports_en.html
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp6-euratom/lib-projects.htm
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp5-euratom/src/lib_finalreports.htm
Lists of publications 1975-2000 http://cordis.europa.eu/fp5-
euratom/src/lib_docs.htm
MIRAGE, CoCo, PAGIS, PACOMA, EVEREST, SPA, SFS, BENIPA, CHEMVAL,
Interclay, PEGASUS, MEGAS,
HADES, ASSE salt mine, KONRAD, AMELIE, TOURNEMIRE, GRIMSEL, Mont Terry,
AESPOE, ONKALO, Bure, Josef URC
NAWG (OKLO, Palmottu, El Berocal, Dunaroba…)
Governance (RISCOM, COWAM,…) COMPAS, SAPIERR, CATT
Education & Training (CETRAD, PETRUS, …)
1980 1985 1990 1996 1999 2004 2008 2013
Euratom conferences / Euradwaste
8
IGD-TP (2009) TSOs (2012) Joint Programme
(2018)
RTD: Research and
Training in RWM
BELBaR
FIRST-Nuclides (4.7 / 2.5)
NEWLANCER (EUR million 0.94 / 0.9)
CatClay (EUR million 1.55 / 0.82)
SKIN (EUR million 2.00 / 1.17)
ReCOSY (EUR million 6.2 / 3.5)
REDUPP (EUR million 1.59 / 0.93)
IPPA (EUR million 2.4 / 1.6)
InSoTec (EUR million 2.72 / 2.00)
2017
CAST (EUR million 14.4 / 4.5) 10-2013/03-2018 (54 months)
PETRUS III (EUR million 1.62 / 1.42) 36 months
TALISMAN (EUR million 5.4 / 4.00)
FORGE (EUR million 11.3 / 5.99)
PETRUS II (EUR million 1.87 / 0.8)
CROCK (EUR million 1.79 / 1.05)
EBSSYN
(1.4 / 0.79)
2016
LUCOEX (EUR million 9.35 / 4.39)
PEBS (EUR million 6.52 / 2.8)
FP7 (2007 - 2013)20142010 201320112009
Horizon 2020 (2014 - 2018)
DOPAS (15.8 / 8.7)
ACTINET-I3 (EUR million 7.68 / 3.00)
SecIGD TP (EUR million 0.55 / 0.5)
20152012
CARBOWASTE (EUR million 12.1 / 6.00)
SITEX (EUR million 1.34 / 0.95)
EU
RA
DW
AS
TE
2013
(EUR million 5.6 / 2.6)
MoDeRN (EUR million 5 / 2.8)
SecIGD2
Euratom Framework
Programme 7 (2007-2013)
Geological Disposal
IGD-TP priorities 74.6/35.5
TSOs & NewMS 2.3/1.85
Cross-cutting reactor topics
25.2/13.0
Basic research, support to SC
13.1/7.5
Gov. & Training 8.6/5.8
Total costs /EU funding (€ million) 123.8 / 63.6 Total 25 projects
RTD: Research and
Training
LUCOEX: Large Underground Concept Experiments
(2011-2015)
ANDRA – Excavation of horizontal disposal cell for HLW
packages
Auger drilling machine
LUCOEX: Large Underground Concept Experiments
(2011-2015)
NAGRA - Full scale experiment at Mont Terri
LUCOEX: Large Underground Concept Experiments
(2011-2015)
SKB – KBS- 3H Multi purpose test (MPT) at Aespoe
Deposition machine and tube
LUCOEX: Large Underground Concept Experiments
(2011-2015)
POSIVA – KBS- 3V at ONKALO
Installation machine and bentonite buffer
DOPAS: Full-scale demonstration of plugs and seals
(2012-2016)
ANDRA – FSS,
Cigeo, (Drift or
vault seal)
SKB – DOMPLU,
Aspö (tunnel plug)
EPSP, Josef Mine, CZ (plug materials
& technology)
POSIVA – POPLU,
experiment, Onkalo
STATUS
Selected projects Call topics
IGD-TP priority 1. IGD-TP priorities (GD & HLW/SF)
CEBAMA New and unconventional Fuels
Modern2020 EBS materials & Performance
MIND
2. RWM & other wastes
TSO support (unconventional, legacy & decom.ning)
SITEX II Waste Characterisation,
Treatment & Minimisation
Preparatory phase for Joint Programme Quality control and checking
JOPRAD Long-term storage safety
E&T + Socio-economic aspects 3. KM & transfer to less-advanced prog.
ANNETTE Guidance in R&D, Training material
HoNEST S-o-A in S/T
Method for transfer (Kdge, Comp. & Tech)
Horizon 2020 - Euratom (2014 - 2018) WP 2014 / 2015 WP 2016 / 2017 2018
Costs 22.6 €M / EU 16.3
Costs 6.23 €M / EU 5.56
EU budget 18.89 €M
Euratom FP Horizon 2020
(2014-2018)
STATUS
Call deadline Project start
Selected projects 05 Oct. 2016 June 2017
IGD-TP priority 1. IGD-TP priorities (GD & HLW/SF)
CEBAMA New and unconventional Fuels
Modern2020 EBS materials & Performance
MIND
2. RWM & other wastes
TSO support (unconventional, legacy & decom.ning)
SITEX II Waste Characterisation,
Treatment & Minimisation
Preparatory phase for Joint Programme Quality control and checking
JOPRAD Long-term storage safety
E&T + Socio-economic aspects 3. KM & transfer to less-advanced prog.
ANNETTE Guidance in R&D, Training material
HoNEST S-o-A in S/T
Method for transfer (Kdge, Comp. & Tech)
Horizon 2020 - Euratom (2014 - 2018) WP 2014 / 2015 WP 2016 / 2017 2018
Costs 22.6 €M / EU 16.3
Costs 6.23 €M / EU 5.56
EU budget 18.89 €M
Euratom FP Horizon 2020
(2014-2018)
13 proposals
Total eligible costs 36.34 €M
Requested grant 33.38 €M
Step change in EC method to fund research
in radioactive waste management
Switch funding from individual projects to a
Joint Programme (research and knowledge
management) between MSs programmes
To make further step in collaboration,
coordination and integration on R&D across
Member States (MS)
Why
Joint Programming
of MS Res. Prog.
17
Objective
Towards Joint Programme co-fund with MS 's :
Preparatory JOPRAD project
Work in progress: MS's Joint Programme Vision,
Common Strategic Research Agenda and IKMS, between MS 's WMOs, TSOs, Research Entities & Waste producers
Governing rules, Implementation mechanisms &
Deployment strategy,
Programme document, (end 2017)
Milestone workshop with MS
4th April 2016, London
Discuss a programme document
http://www.joprad.eu/news-events.html
Summary and conclusions
Widespread and long lasting activities of the European Commission
and Euratom programmes in nuclear fission, including radioactive
waste management and disposal since 1975
Support addressed to EU Members States, associated countries and
third countries
Recent Euratom R&T programmes have concentrated on
implementation-oriented RD&D & remaining aspects for Geological
Disposal
Knowledge is now considered globally sufficient to achieve IGD-TP's
vision of the 1st geological repositories by 2025 and licenses has
been granted in FI (2015) & good progress in SE (2016)
The Commission is now aiming at funding a Joint Programme of
research between the EU Member States & covering: Operational
R&D Needs, Prospective / Long-term R&D and Horizontal Activities 19
Project acronym and title Key technical activities Coordinator /
no. partners Start date
& duration
Total cost /
EU funding
JOPRAD – Towards a Joint
Programming (JP) on Radioactive
Waste Disposal
To study options for Joint Programming
between national research programmes.
ANDRA (FR)
10 partners
(5 countries)
June 2015
30 months
€1,78M /
€1.1M
CSA
SITEX-II – Sustainable network for
Independent Technical Expertise for
radioactive waste disposal – Interactions
and implementation
To develop own strategic research
agenda incl. civil society view, contribute
to JP development , guidance & training
on safety case review and prepare
framework for sustainable network
IRSN (FR)
18 partners
(11 countries +
Canada)
June 2015
30 months
€1.48M /
€1.17M
CSA
CEBAMA – Cement-based materials,
properties, evolution, barrier functions
To study processes at interface cement
materials, bentonite and host rocks and
impact on radionuclide transport and
retention properties
KIT (DE)
27 partners
(10 countries +
Japan)
June 2015
48 months
€5,95/
€3.86M
RIA (R&D)
MIND – Development of the safety case
knowledge base about the influence of
microbial processes on geological
disposal of radioactive wastes
To study the behaviour of ILW-LL waste
containing organics and the impact of
microbial processes on the performance
of HLW & SF in GD; Propose guidelines
to communicate geomicrobiological risk
SKB (SE)
15 partners
(8 countries)
June 2015
48 months
€4,71/
€4.16M
RIA (R&D)
Modern2020 – Development and
Demonstration of monitoring strategies
& technologies for geological disposal
To develop framework, strategies,
tech,gies & methods incl. civil society
view for what should be monitored and
how results & information can be used
in decion-making and responded to
ANDRA (FR)
28 partners
(12 countries +
Japan)
June 2015
48 months
€8,66/
€5.99M
RIA (R&D)
Radioactive Waste Management & Geological Disposal
Project acronym and title Key technical activities Coordinator /
no. partners Start date
& duration
Total cost /
EU funding
ANNETTE – Advanced Networking for
Nuclear Education and Training and
Transfer of Expertise
European Master Programme in Nuclear
Science &Technology, Vocational E&T,
applying ECTS, ECVET in all nuclear fields
(links with SNE-TP, IGD-TP, MELODI, EHRO-N,
NUGENIA, EUTERP, HERCA and IAEA )
ENEN
Association (FR)
27 partners
(12 countries)
Jan.2016
48 months
€3.18M /
€2.51M
CSA
HoNEST – History of Nuclear Energy
and Society
To analyse, document & improve
knowledge & understanding of factors
which influenced successes and failures of
developments of nuclear energy & other
applications including the mechanisms of
societal engagement with nuclear energy
UNIV. POMPEU
FABRA (ES)
24 partners
(12 countries)
Sept. 2015
36 months
€3.05M /
€3.05M
RIA (R&D)
Competence development & Socio-economic aspects
International cooperation : beyond EU Member States
Participation by : Any legal entity, regardless of its place of establishment, or
international organisation
Funding possible for : Legal entities in a EU Member State or associated country,
Switzerland and Ukraine (if ratification before signature of project Grant Agreements in 2017)
Example of Co-funding Mechanism EU-China for : Joint res. & Innovation projects
Fund provided by Chinese Ministry for Science & Technology (MOST) for Chinese participants in Horizon 2020 projects
http://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/index.cfm?pg=china
http://most.gov.cn/mostinfo/xinxifenlei/fgzc/gfxwj/gfxwj2015/201512/t20151216_122975.htm