european commission enterprise and industry rmi | a. wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | ‹#›/26 the eu raw...
Post on 21-Dec-2015
229 views
TRANSCRIPT
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 1/26
The EU Raw Materials Initiative
- Critical Raw Materials for the EU -
Trans-Atlantic WorkshopTrans-Atlantic Workshop
Rare Earth Elements and Other Critical Materials for a Clean Energy FutureBoston, 03 December 2010
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
Antje Wittenberg
Metals, Minerals, Raw Materials
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 2/26
Main challenges
EU highly dependent on imports of important raw materials (metals and industrial minerals) which are increasingly affected by market distortions
Still potential in Europe (self-sufficient supply for construction materials, potential for other raw materials), but exploration and extraction face ongoing increasing competition for different land uses and a highly regulated environment
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 3/26
The Raw Materials Initiative
Integrated strategy
based on three pillars
Right framework conditions
within the EU
in order to foster sustainable supply
from Europeansources
Ensuring accessto raw materials from
International Markets
under the same conditions as other
industrial competitors
Boosting resource efficiency
and recycling
to reduce the EU's consumption of
primary raw materials
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 4/26
Trade policy actions
1st pillar
Challenging unjustified trade distortive measures
Bilateral negotiations on export restrictions
Raising awareness
► Trade Annual Activity Report 2009
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 5/26
Development policy 1st pillar
agreement African Union Commission / European Commission in Addis Ababa, June 2010, to launch a bilateral co-operation in three areas:
► Governance
► Infrastructure / investment
► Geological knowledge / skills
Based on African Mining Vision
and EU Raw Materials Initiative
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 6/26
Access to land
2nd pillar
Promote the exchange of best practice in
land use planning and administrative
conditions for exploration and extraction
Encourage better networking between
national geological surveys to increase the
EU's knowledge base
Develop guidelines the compatibility between Natura
2000 and extractive activities
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 7/26
Promote research
2nd pillar
Under FP7 new funding opportunities have recently been created for projects on:
► Advanced underground technologies for intelligent mining
► Substitution of critical raw materials
► Coordination of activities in Member States in the area of the industrial handling of raw material
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 8/26
Efficiency & recycling
3rd pillar
Huge potential of EU’s Urban Mines
Tackle illegal shipment of waste to third
countries through a more harmonised
enforcement of Waste Shipment
Regulation
Develop best practices in the area of
collection and treatment of key waste
streams
Develop eco-design measures aimed at
fostering more efficient use of raw
materials in products
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 9/26
Increase resource efficiency
3rd pillar
The Commission plans to publish a Roadmap on how to move towards a resource efficient Europe by summer 2011.
The roadmap will set out specific resource efficiency objectives, and how to meet them, based on actions up to 2020 with a time perspective of up to 2050.
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 10/26
Define critical raw materials
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 11/26
Methodology
41 raw materials analysed
Time horizon: 10 years
A pragmatic approach
Three main aggregated indicators
► economic importance
► supply risks
► environmental country risks
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 12/26
41 raw materials analysedAluminum Antimony Barytes Bauxite
Bentonite Beryllium Borates Chromium
Clays (incl. kaolin) Cobalt Copper Diatomite
Feldspar Fluorspar Gallium Germanium
Graphite Gypsum Indium Iron ore
Limestone Lithium Magnesite Magnesium
Manganese Molybdenum Nickel NiobiumPerlite Platinum Group Metals (PGMs)
Rare earths (REE) Rhenium Silica sand
Silver Talc Tantalum
Tellurium Titanium
Tungsten Vanadium
Zinc
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 13/26
Economic importance
Importance for economic value chain and emerging (key) technologies
Renewable energy:solar cells, wind turbines
Energy efficiency:hybrid and electric cars, LED lighting, batteries
Electronics:flat screens, mobile phones
Aerospace:light weight alloys
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 14/26
Emerging technologiesRaw material
Production 2006 [t]
Demand emerging tech. 2006 [t]
Demand emerging tech. 2030 [t]
Demand/prod. 2006
Demand/prod. 2030
Factor
Gallium 152 28 603 0.18 3.97 22
Indium 581 234 1.911 0.40 3.29 8.2
Germanium 100 28 220 0.28 2.20 7.9
Neodymium 16.800 4.000 27.900 0.23 1.66 7.2
Platinum 255 very small 345 0 1.35
Tantalum 1.384 551 1.410 0.40 1.02 2.5
Silver 19.051 5.342 15.823 0.28 0.83 2.9
Cobalt 62.279 12.820 26.860 0.21 0.43 2.1
Palladium 267 23 77 0.09 0.29 3.2
Titanium 7.211.000 15.397 58.148 0.08 0.29 3.6
Copper 15.093.000 1.410.000 3.696.070 0.09 0.24 2.7
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 15/26
Emerging technologies (2)
Raw material Emerging technologies
Antimony Antimony-Tin-Oxide (~ In-Sn-O), micro capacitors
Cobalt Li-ion batteries, synthetic fuels
Gallium Semi-conductors, thin layer photovoltaics, IC, WLED
Germanium Fibre optic cable, IR optical technology
Indium Displays, thin layer photovoltaics
Platinum (PGM) Fuel cells, catalysts
Palladium (PGM) Catalysts, seawater desalination
Niobium Micro capacitors, ferroalloys
Neodymium (REE) Permanent magnets, laser technology
Tantalum Micro capacitors, medical technology
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 16/26
Critical raw materials
High supply risks
High share of the worldwide production► China (antimony, fluorspar, gallium, germanium, graphite, indium,
magnesium, REE, tungsten)
► Russia (PGM)
► Congo (cobalt, tantalum)
► Brazil (niobium, tantalum)
Low substitutability ► REE, PGM
Low recycling rates► When used in very low concentrations
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 17/26
Environmental country risk
Ranking of eligible raw materials according to their environmental country risk
0,10 0,60 1,10 1,60 2,10 2,60 3,10 3,60 4,10
REE
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 18/26
Risk analysis
REELithium
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 19/26
Critical raw materials
Borate
Fluorspar
Gallium
Iron
Magnesium
PGM
Tellurium
Aluminum Bauxite
Antimony
Barytes
Bentonite
Beryllium
Chromium
Clays
Cobalt
Copper
Diatomite
Feldspar
Germanium
Graphite
Gypsum
Indium
LimestoneLithium
Magnesite
ManganeseMolybdenum
Nickel
Niobium
Perlite
Rare Earths
Rhenium
SilicaSilverTalc
Tantalum
Titanium
Tungsten
Zinc
Vanadium
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0
Economic Importance
Su
pp
ly R
isk
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 20/26
14 critical raw materials
Graphite
Rare Earth Elements (REE)
Fluorspar
Platinum Group Metals (PGM)
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 21/26
Recommendations
Two types of recommendations
follow-up and further support
policy-oriented recommendations (areas where measures should be undertaken)
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 22/26
Follow up and further support
Up-date the list every 5 years and enlarge the scope
Improve the availability and quality of statistical information and prepare a Yearbook
Carry out further studies, e.g. competition to land use, « cradle-to-grave » LCAs, emerging technologies
Establish a sub-group of the Raw Material Supply Group on criticality
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 23/26
Policy-oriented Access to primary resources
► Land use and permitting in the EU
► Company exploration as research (fiscal issues)
► Promote RTD
► Promote good governance in developing countries
Trade and investment
► Maintain and strengthen the EU trade policy, pursue dispute settlement in WTO, engage in consultations
► Raise awareness in multilateral fora
► A new EU-wide policy on foreign investment
► Coherence of EU policies with respect to raw materials
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 24/26
Policy-oriented (2)
Recycling► Improve collection
► Prevent illegal exports of End-of-Life products
► Promote research
Substitution ► Promote research
Material Efficiency► Minimise the raw material used
► Minimise raw material losses
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 25/26
The Raw Materials Initiative
Integrated strategy
based on three pillars
Right framework conditions
within the EU
in order to foster sustainable supply
from Europeansources
Ensuring accessto raw materials from
International Markets
under the same conditions as other
industrial competitors
Boosting resource efficiency
and recycling
to reduce the EU's consumption of
primary raw materials
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 26/26
Thank you for your attention !
References:
Report on critical raw materials: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/critical/index_en.htm
Report on best practices in area of land use planning, permitting and geological knowledge:http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/sustainable-supply/index_en.htm
Natura 2000 guidelines:http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/management/guidance_en.htm
Trade raw materials activity report 2009: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2010/june/tradoc_146207.pdf
Communication on the EU 2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union:http://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/pdf/innovation-union-communication_en.pdf
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 27/26
1,E+02
1,E+03
1,E+04
1,E+05
1,E+06
1,E+07
1,E+08
1,E+09
1,E+10
Cru
shed
sto
neS
ands
Gra
vel a
nd p
ebbl
esLi
mes
tone
s
Mon
umen
tal s
tone
agg
rega
tes
Cla
ys a
nd s
hale
sD
olom
ite
Cal
care
ous
mas
sive
sto
neM
arbl
e an
d tr
aver
tine
Gra
nit
San
dsto
neS
late
Mar
ble
and
trav
ertin
eN
atur
al b
itum
en /
asph
alt
Gra
nite
tota
lS
ilica
san
dsG
ypsu
m a
nd a
nhyd
rite
Oth
er c
hem
ical
and
fert
ilise
r min
eral
sM
arbl
e ag
greg
ates
Kao
linC
halk
Fire
clay
Kao
liniti
c cl
ays
Abr
asiv
esB
ento
nite
Nat
ural
pho
spha
tes
Pre
ciou
s / s
emi-p
reci
ous
ston
es (
ecl.
inds
. dia
mon
ds)
Pre
ciou
s m
etal
sto
tal
Iron
(exc
l. ro
aste
d iro
n py
rites
)M
ixtu
res
of e
.g s
lag
Alu
min
ium
Nic
kel
Unr
oast
ed ir
on p
yrite
sLe
ad, z
inc
and
tinC
oppe
rO
ther
non
-fer
rous
met
alto
tal
volu
me
[kg
]
1,E+02
1,E+03
1,E+04
1,E+05
1,E+06
1,E+07
1,E+08
valu
e [t
ds.
€]
volume [kg]
value [tds €]
NE Extractive Industry EU27
Construction Materials Industrial Minerals Metals
EU 2007, Eurostatlast up date 09/09/2010
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 28/26
Risk analysis
ZincClays
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 29/26
World Metal Price 1995-2010
6.08.2010accident in a small size Cu-mine, Chile
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 30/26
World Metal Price 1995-2010
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 31/26
R&D - preliminary findings