european commission employment and social affairs dg economic and social cohesion policy andrea...
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European Commission
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Economic and social Economic and social cohesion policycohesion policy
Andrea ManciniAndrea Mancini
European Commission European Commission
DG Employment, social affairs and equal opportunityDG Employment, social affairs and equal opportunity
Unit B1, ESF Italy, Malta and RomaniaUnit B1, ESF Italy, Malta and Romania
[email protected]@ec.europa.eu
DG Employment and Social AffairsDG Employment and Social Affairs
European Commission
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GECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COHESION: Legal Basis
Community Treaty - Article 158 In order to promote its overall harmonious development, the
Community shall develop and pursue its actions leading to the strengthening of its economic and social cohesion.
In particular, the Community shall aim at reducing disparities between the levels of development of the various regions and the backwardness of the least favoured regions or islands, including rural areas.
Community Treaty - Article 159 The Community shall also support the achievement of these
objectives by the action it takes through the Structural Funds, the European Investment Bank and the other existing Financial Instruments.
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GECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COHESION
Cohesion policy horizontal to other EU policies, interacting with:Enterprise, innovation, RTDAgriculture and fisheryEnvironmentTransport, Energy, telecommunicationEmployment, social affairs and educationCompetition
European Commission
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GDisparities in the EU
GDP Latvia 41% of EU average; GDP Luxembourg 215% of EU average. Regional per-capita GDP in the ten richest regions: 189% of EU
average Regional per-capita GDP in the ten poorest regions: 36% of EU
average Over 25% of EU population living in 64 regions with per-capita
GDP less than 75% of Community average (objective 1): 90% of New Member States population 13% of old member States population (mainly in southern
Greece, Portugal, Spain and Italy, and East Germany). 10% of population living in the poorest regions: 2.2% of GDP 10% of population living in the richest regions: 18.3% of GDP
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Employment rate in the EU: 62.9% (2003). Lisbon agenda target: 70% by 2010. 200 of the EU's 254 regions below the 70% target, Almost 15% of the EU population living in regions where employment is under 55%. Differences of productivity:
Poland and Baltic countries 30% of EU average; Luxembourg and Ireland150% of EU average.
European Commission
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GThird Cohesion report
Positive effects of cohesion policy in EU areas facing difficulties: disparities in income between Member States and between regions
decreasing since 1994. growth in cohesion countries (GR, PT, SP, IR) faster than in the others. Large socio-economic disparities persist between Member States and
between regions in levels of wealth and dynamism Less competitiveness due to deficiencies in physical
infrastructure, in innovation and in human resources. Community policies necessary to reduce handicaps, develop
strong points and evolve in an competitive environment. 01.05.2004 Enlargement of the EU: increase disparities and
enormous challenge for the EU.
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GEuropean Structural Funds
The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) finances infrastructure, job creating investment, local development projects and aid for small firms.
The European Social Fund (ESF) promotes the return of the unemployed and disadvantaged groups to the workforce, mainly by financing training measures and systems of recruitment assistance.
The Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance (FIFG) helps adapt and modernise the fishing industry.
The European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF) finances rural development measures and provides aid for farmers, mainly in less developed regions.
The Cohesion Fund (CF) finances projects in the fields of environment, telecommunication and transport infrastructures
European Commission
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GGeneral principles
Programming through planning expenditure over a number of years.
Partnership Community/Member States during the drawing up and the implementation of programmes.
Involvement of other players (regional and local authorities, the private sector, the social partners and civil society).
Concentration of funding: financial support is directed towards those regions that need it most.
Additionality: Community financing for a project is additional to other public and private financing.
Subsidiariety: the programmes are managed at national/regional level
European Commission
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GInstruments of intervention
Community Support Framework (CSF): defines objectives and guidelines of intervention Is articulated in prioritary axis It covers seven yearsOperational Programme (national/regional): defines concrete interventions to implement the CSF,
in line with objectives and priorities. It covers seven years It can be regional, national or thematic
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GMechanisms for EU decision
The European Council decides the budget of the Structural Funds and rules governing its use, on the basis of a proposal from the Commission negotiated with the European Parliament.
Funds are allocated by country and by priority objective.
The Commission defines areas accessing financial aid in agreement with the Member States.
The Commission proposes common thematic guidelines.
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GProgramming
State formulates the Community Support Framework to support the areas in difficulty and disadvantaged groups, on the basis of EC’s thematic guidelines.
CSFs are presented and discussed with the Commission and adopted once agreed by parties.
Regions through Government propose the Operational programmes to the Commission
OP are presented and discussed with the Commission and adopted once agreed by parties.
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GImplementation
The National or Regional authorities: Decide the details of the programmes autonomously,
informing the Commission Launch the projects through calls or bids. Selects the projects best suiting the goals and informs the
candidates. The selected bodies implement their projects. Supervise the progress of the programmes regularly with the
assistance of the monitoring committees, and inform the Commission of this progress and the correct use of the funds.
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GImplementation
The Commission: Examines the control systems that have been
established and disburses the remainder of the contribution from the Structural Funds accordingly.
Analyses the development of the monitoring indicators and the assessment studies.
Informs the authorities responsible for the programmes of any new Community priorities that have an impact on regional development.
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GCronology
1957: Treaty of Rome defining economic and social cohesion policy 1958: Setting up of the European Social Fund (ESF) to support employment policies in the EUSetting up of the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF).1975: Creation of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) to redistribute part of the Member States’ budget contributions to the poorest regions.
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GCronology
1988: Reform of the Structural policy Allocation of 68 billion of ECU to the beneficiary regions for
the period 88-93
1992 - Treaty of the European Union Cohesion policy is defined as one of the main objectives of
the Union, alongside economic and monetary union and the single market.
Creation of the Cohesion Fund to support projects in the fields of the environment and transport in the least prosperous Member States (<90% of EU average GDP).
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GCronology
1994-1999 200 billion ECU allocated to cohesion policy,
representing one third of the Community budget. Creation of the new Financial Instrument for
Fisheries Guidance (FIFG) Seven objectives covering 15 EU Member States
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G1999: Reform Structural Funds
EUR 213 billion over seven years (2000-2006), plus additional 47 billion EUR for the applicant countries (total 37% of EU budget).
Creation of the Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-accession (ISPA) and the Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development (Sapard) to promote economic and social development and environmental protection in the applicant countries.
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GStructural Funds 2000-2006
Greater degree of geographical and financial concentration
Integration of interventions: from seven to three objectives
More devolved management structures Greater efficiencies Tighter checks
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GStructural Funds 2000-2006
Three objectives:
1. To promote development and structural adjustment of less developed regions (ERDF, ESF, EAGGF, CF)
2. To support economic and social recovering of regions in crisis (EDRF, EAGGF, FIFH)
3. To support the adptability and modernisation of employment, education and training policies and systems (ESF).
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GStructural Funds 2000-2006
Community initiatives: INTERREG III: to support cross-border and trans-national
cooperation and the exchange of experience between European regions.
URBAN II: to support for innovative projects in towns and cities, with the aim of boosting the economy of urban areas in crisis;
EQUAL: to combat all forms of discrimination and inequalities in the labour market, mainly through cooperation and exchange of experience and best practice;
LEADER+: to provide assistance to SMEs in rural areas and to support the development of tourism.
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LISBON STRATEGY AND THE NEW COHESION POLICY
European Commission
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GLisbon and Gothenburg European Council
Lisbon 2000:EU strategic goal for the next decade is to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion”.
Gothenburg 2001: integration of suistainable development into Lisbon objectives
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GLisbon Strategy
Three axes: Preparing the transition to a knowledge-based economy and
society by better policies for information society and R&D, by stepping up structural reform for competitiveness and innovation and by completing the internal market;
Modernising the European social model, investing in people and combating social exclusion;
Sustaining the healthy economic outlook and favourable growth prospects by applying an appropriate macro-economic policy mix.
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Re-launch of Lisbon
November 2004: report by the high level group "Rising to the challenge: the Lisbon strategy for growth and employment". Disappointing results, particularly with regard to employmentRelaunching policy priorities, particularly with regard to growth and employment. March 2005: Communication "Working together for growth and jobs. A new start for the Lisbon strategy".
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GMarch 2005: New Lisbon Strategy
Objectives: Make Europe more attractive for investments Growth based on knowledge and innovation Fostering the creation of new and better jobs
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GMore growth
In order to stimulate growth, the Commission intends to: make the European Union (EU) more attractive to investors
and workers by building up the internal market, improving European and national regulations ensuring open and competitive markets within and outside Europe extending and improving European infrastructures ;
encourage knowledge and innovation, by: promoting more investment in research and development facilitating innovation, the take-up of information and communication
technologies (ICT) and the sustainable use of resources helping to create a strong European industrial base.
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GMore and better jobs
To create more and better jobs, the Commission intends to: attract more people to the employment market and modernise
social protection systems, through the implementation by Member States and social partners of policies encouraging workers to remain active and dissuade them from leaving the world of work prematurely.
improve the adaptability of the workforce and business sector, and increase the flexibility of the labour markets in order to help Europe adjust to restructuring and market changes.
Invest more in human capital by improving education and skills, and by adopting a Community lifelong learning programme.
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GBetter governance
The Commission put forward a Lisbon action programme in order to clarify what needs to be done and who is responsible.
Member States to present National Reform Programmes concerning the Lisbon in a format bringing together three coordination processes: labour market policies (the Luxembourg process) microeconomic and structural reforms (the Cardiff process) macroeconomic and budgetary measures (the Cologne process).
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GLisbon intergated guidelines
Integrated guidelines for the growth and employment
Macroeconomic guidelines (1-6) Microeconomic guidelines (7-16) Employment guidelines (17-24) :
Three big areas on employment: Attracting more people in the labour market Improving workers and enterprises’ adaptability to changes Developing human capital
European Commission
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GNew Lisbon Strategy
New employment guidelines: Full employment Quality and productivity of work Cohesion and labour market facilitating
inclusion
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GNEW STRATEGIC APPROACH
LISBON INTEGRATED GUIDELINES
NATIONAL REFORM PROGRAMME (NRP)
COHESION INTEGRATED GUIDELINES
NATIONAL STRATEGIC REFERENCE FRAMEWORK (NSRF)
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European Economic and Social Cohesion policy 2007-2013
European Commission
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GThe new proposals for Structural and Cohesion Funds Regulations
Commission’s proposals for financial framework for 2007-2013 (February 2004)
Third Cohesion Report (February 2004)
Adoption of draft regulations (14 July 2004)
Adoption of Regulations by the EU Council and European Parliament (4 July 2006).
Adoption of Cohesion Strategic guidelines (Oct. 2006)
Adoption NSRF and OP (End 2006)
Starting implementation programmes (January 2007)
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GCohesion Strategic Guidelines
Two objectives: to strengthen the strategic dimension of cohesion policy to
ensure better integration of Community priorities and national and regional development programmes
to ensure greater ownership of cohesion policy on the ground through a reinforced dialogue between COM and MS
Four Priorities: make Europe and its regions more attractive places to invest
and work; improve knowledge and innovation; create more and better jobs; and take account of the territorial dimension of cohesion policy.
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GThe legislative package
A General Regulation setting main principles, objectives and rules
3 specific Funds' Regulations for ESF, ERDF and the Cohesion Fund
A regulation establishing a European grouping for cross-border co-operation
One Commission's implementing Regulation
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GThe guiding principles of the new proposals
Simplification of architecture, programming and delivery
Enhance the strategic dimension of cohesion policy
A more systematic application of subsidiarity and proportionality
Seek greater clarity and legal security
Overall consistency and complement between different components
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GThe general principles of the reform
1. A more strategic approach Definition of Strategic Guidelines by the CouncilTranslation in a National Strategic Reference FrameworkOperational implementation by means of programmesAnnual dialogue with the Council and EP on progress and
results achieved For ESF, emphasis on better coherence between EES and ESF
2. Thematic and financial concentrationFocus on Lisbon and Göteborg priorities Resources concentrated on those that need them most
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GThe general principles of the reform
3. Simplification of programming 3 Funds (EDRF, ESF, CF) instead of 6 Elimination of Community Support
Framework,replaced by the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)
Elimination of programming complements Mono-fund programmes Limited flexibility in terms of eligible activities
between ESF and ERDF Single programming for ERDF and Cohesion Fund
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GThe general principles of the reform
4. Simplification of financial management: Financial management by priority axis National eligibility rules The de-commitment of un-used funds (N+ 2 rule) is
maintained Single pre-financing payment of 7% Community contribution calculated on the basis of
public expenditure exclusively
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GThe general principles of the reform
5. More efficient control systems:
Clearer definition of principles, functions and share of responsibilities between the Commission and the Member States
Proportional control arrangements for programmes below 33% of Community co-financing and less than 250m€.
Payments conditioned to reliability of systems Procedures for interrupting, withholding and
suspending payments
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GThe general principles of the reform
6. Stronger accent on effectiveness:
Evaluation activities streamlined Allocation of a Community performance and quality reserve National contingency reserve to respond to unexpected
shocks (1% Convergence, 3% in RCE)
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GThe political priorities
Convergence:Support growth and job creation in the least developed Member States and regions
Regional Competitiveness and Employment: Helping regions and people to anticipate and respond to change
Territorial co-operation: Promoting a balanced integration of the European Union territory
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GThe New Architecture: 3 Objectives, 3 Funds
Convergence (ERDF, ESF, CF):
- regions (regional GDP per head < 75 % of the average) - regions concerned by the statistical effect- MS (GNI per head < 90% of the average)- Outermost regions for specific ERDF funding
Competition and Employment: (ERDF, ESF)-“phasing in” regions
-all other parts of the Union: no Commission "zoning"
European territorial cooperation (ERDF)
No Community initiatives
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GBudget provisions 2007-2013
EUR 307, 619 billion: Total Budget for structural funds (35,5% of Community budget)
EUR 251,33 billion for Convergence (including 61,518 billion € for cohesion fund).
EUR 48.789 billion for regional competitiveness and employment (including EUR 10.385 billion for regions where aid is gradually being phased out).
EUR 7.5 billion for Territorial cooperation
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The new ESF The new ESF
2007-20132007-2013
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The new ESF
• Reinforced links with EU employment and social inclusion priorities
•Contributes to Convergence and RC and employment
•Mainstream of innovative actions and transnational cooperation
•Promotion of good governance and partnership
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Reinforced links with the EES
• Strengthen economic and social cohesion by supporting MS policies aiming at full employment, quality and productivity at work, social inclusion and reduction of regional employment disparities
• Take account of EU objectives in the field of social inclusion, education and training and gender equality
• Focus on the employment recommendations
• Implementation mechanisms coherent with those of the EES
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GESF priorities : Convergence and Regional Competitiveness and Employment (I)
Adaptability of workers and enterprises: Development and implementation of lifelong
learning strategies and systems, dissemination of ICT and management skills, promotion of entrepreneurship and innovation. Focus on enterprises and low skilled and older workers
Anticipation and positive management of change through work organisation, identification of future skill needs and support to workers affected by restructuring
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GESF priorities : Convergence and Regional Competitiveness and employment (II)
Enhancing access to employment: Modernisation of labour market institutions Active and preventive measures ensuring early
identification of needs Participation and progress of women in
employment, reduce gender segregation, reconcile work and private life
Strengthen social integration and employment of migrants
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GESF priorities : Convergence and Regional Competitiveness and Employment (III)
Reinforcing social inclusion of people at disadvantage and combating discrimination: pathways to integration in employment through
employability measures and accompanying actions and social support and care services
diversity in the workplace and awareness raising and involvement of local communities and enterprises to combat combat discrimination
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GESF priorities : Convergence and Regional Competitiveness and Employment (IV)
Mobilising for reforms in employment and inclusion: development of partnerships and pacts through
networking at national, regional and local level
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ESF priorities : Convergence (I)
Investment in human capital: reforms in E&T systems to increase relevance to
the LM, update teachers' skills Increased participation in E&T to reduce early
school leaving and increase access to initial vocational and tertiary education
development of human potential in research and innovation
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ESF priorities : Convergence (II)
Building of Institutional capacity of public administrations and public services : support to policy and programme design and
evaluation capacity building in the delivery of policies,
programmes and legislation
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Mainstreaming innovation and transnationality
Promotion and mainstreaming of innovative and trans-national actions within each programme
Each MA will choose the themes for innovation
Trans-national co-operation: specific axis or programme
MS ensure complementarity and coherence with other Community programmes
Intervention rates for trans-national co-operation may be up to 10% higher
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Concentration of ESF support and resources
Concentration on the implementation of the Employment recommendations
Resources directed towards the most important needs. Focus on those policy areas where significant effect (most value-added)
Particular attention to regions and localities facing most serious problems, including deprived urban and declining rural and fisheries dependent areas.
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Promotion of good governance and partnership
ESF shall be implemented at the appropriate territorial level according to each MS specificities
Greater involvement of social partners and consultation of non-governmental stakeholders in ESF programming, implementation and monitoring
Earmarking of 2% of ESF resources under Convergence for capacity building and activities jointly undertaken by social partners
Adequate access of NGOs to funded activities
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Geographicdistribution of the objectives
2000-2006
Geographicdistribution of the objectives
2000-2006
2000-2006
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Geographiccoverageof the objectives
2000-2006
Geographiccoverageof the objectives
2000-2006
2007-2013
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GUseful Links
Lisbon Strategy http://europa.eu.int/growthandjobs/index_en.htm European Employment Strategy http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/employment_strategy
/index_en.htm Integrated guidelines http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/LexUriServ/site/it/oj
/2005/l_205/l_20520050806it00210027.pdf Structural Funds http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/official/
regulation/newregl0713_it.htm Cohesion strategic guidelines
http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/2007/osc/index_it.htm