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EuropeanBroadband Cable2005

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European Broadband Cable 2005

Published June 2005 byScreen Digest Limited

Screen Digest LimitedLymehouse Studios38 Georgiana StreetLondon NW1 0EBtelephone +44/20 7424 2820fax +44/20 7424 2838e-mail [email protected] www.screendigest.com

All rights reserved. No part of this publicationmay be reproduced, transmitted, or stored in aretrieval system, in any form or by any meanswithout the prior written permission of thepublisher, nor be otherwise circulated in anyform of cover or binding other than that inwhich is it published and without a similarcondition (including this condition) beingimposed on the subsequent publisher.

Copyright © Screen Digest 2005

Author Chris DziadulEditor Guy BissonResearch Maria Rua AgueteDesign/editorial David Fisher

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Contents

5 List of tables and charts

7 Introduction

9 Definitions and methodology10 Acknowledgements

11 Cable industry quick facts

12 What is ECCA?

13 European overview

14 � Digital TV16 � Telephony18 � Broadband Internet20 � Broadband share of total revenues21 � On-demand services23 � ARPUs24 � Total revenue25 � Company size and consolidation29 � Cable industry at a glance

Country profiles

39 � Austria45 � Belgium51 � Czech Republic57 � Denmark63 � Estonia69 � Finland75 � France81 � Germany87 � Hungary93 � Ireland99 � Israel

105 � Luxembourg111 � Netherlands117 � Norway123 � Poland129 � Portugal135 � Romania141 � Slovenia147 � Spain153 � Sweden159 � Switzerland165 � United Kingdom

Each country profile has the followingsections:Key dataKey indicatorsMarket overviewRange of servicesTechnologyCompetitionRegulationCable prospectsLeading cable operators

3www.screendigest.com

List of tables and charts


European overview

14 Digital cable subscribers14 Digital cable subscribers 200415 Digital cable penetration of homes

passed15 Digital cable penetration of homes

passed 200416 Cable telephony subscribers16 Cable telephony subscribers 200417 Cable telephony penetration of homes

passed17 Cable telephony penetration of homes

passed 200418 Cable Internet subscribers18 Cable Internet subscribers 200419 Cable Internet penetration of homes

passed19 Cable Internet penetration of homes

passed 200420 Broadband revenue as a percentage of

total cable revenue20 Broadband Internet revenue share of

all revenue21 Total broadband market subscribers22 Total broadband market breakdown22 Total broadband market balance

between cable Internet and ADSL2004

23 Average cable revenue per subscriber23 Average cable revenue per subscriber

200424 Total annual cable revenue24 Total cable revenue 2004

25 Consolidation monitor: number ofcable companies by country againstnumber of subscribers

25 Average subscribers per company 200424 Annual cable revenue per head of

population 200325 Total revenue per subscriber v. total

number of cable subscribers26 Total number of subscribers vs

average revenue per subscriber27 Total number of homes passed by

cable vs average revenue persubscriber

28 Cable penetration of televisionhouseholds vs average revenue persubscriber

29 Year of first cable launch by country29 European broadband launch schedules30 Homes passed as a percentage of all

households30 Homes passed as a percentage of all

households 200430 Cable penetration of television

households30 Cable penetration of television

households 200431 Cable penetration of homes passed31 Cable penetration of homes passed

200431 Gross number of cable subscribers31 Gross number of cable subscribers

200432 Western Europe totals34 Central & Eastern Europe totals36 All Europe totals


Each country profile includes the following tables andcharts

Leading cable operatorsBasic country dataCable industryMarket sizeTechnology

RevenueRevenue contribution by serviceMonthly subscriber revenues per channel

Total cable television subscribersSubscribers to advanced cable services 2004:

digital cable, cable Internet, cabletelephony, wireless, ADSL

Annual total cable revenueAnnual total cable television revenueAverage monthly revenue per subscriberTop five operators’ market shares at end 2004Revenue contribution by service: television,

Internet, telephony, STB rental 2003,2004

Country profiles

39 Austria45 Belgium51 Czech Republic57 Denmark63 Estonia69 Finland75 France81 Germany87 Hungary93 Ireland99 Israel

105 Luxembourg111 Netherlands117 Norway123 Poland129 Portugal135 Romania141 Slovenia147 Spain153 Sweden159 Switzerland165 United Kingdom


Introduction

Welcome to the fifth edition of the ECCA/Screen Digest European Broadband Cablereport. The cable industry's roller coaster rideover the past five years has been analysed,charted and recorded in these pages over theyears. There have been many peaks to scaleand troughs to climb out of over recent years.But 2004/05 in many ways completes a wholecycle in the industry's fortunes.

Cable is back in business with avengeance. True, many cable companies havesomewhat reduced ambitions compared tothe BC (Before tech Crash) period. But nowthey are well into the AD (After Debt swap)era, ambitions are again high.

New services like video-on-demand area reality in the UK and will soon follow incontinental Europe. Long-mooted voice-over-IP (VoIP) telephony services are no longer apipe dream, offering the chance for nearlyevery cable operation to finally become a truetriple-play provider. And last but not least,further consolidation across Europe has ledto a strengthened cable industry in many keyterritories.

Plans back on trackWith the new enthusiasm for service roll-outs, digital upgrade work has begun again.Cable giant Liberty Global has said it willconvert its entire Dutch subscriber base todigital over the next two years, installing ahigh-end set-top box with cable modemtechnology in every home. An extension ofthat strategy to Liberty Global's otherdeveloped markets cannot be that far off.

And cable companies are rolling outVoIP and exploring further uses of IPtechnology. Rather than let telecomsoperators steal a march on the cable industry,operators are seeking to use IP themselves,both to potentially extend the reach of theirbrand over DSL, and to facilitate new two-way streaming services like video-on-demand.Hybrid DVB/IP set-tops are already beingtested by some operators. Excitement is alsogrowing over the prospects for HDTV viacable. That will be the next hot topic for theindustry to address.

Consolidation and streamliningMajor consolidation has occurred in anumber of markets over the past few months.The combination of two of France's largestcable groups has left nearly 90 per cent ofthe market in the hands of just two operators.In Ireland, Liberty Global is in the process ofbuying NTL Ireland, which would combinethe country's two main cable groups, whilst inGermany, consolidation among Level Threecompanies is continuing.

Although the complete reunification ofthe former Deutsche Telekom Level Threenetwork through the purchase by KDG ofthe other regional operations was blocked byregulators, Ish and Iesy forged a mergeragreement. That will leave only Kabel BadenWürttemberg outside the fold.

The newly strengthened cable groupscan now get on with doing what cable doesbest: building a role as total communicationsproviders in a market more dynamic than ever.


Bernard CottinPresident, European Cable Communications Association

Bernard Cottin


European Broadband Cable 2005INTRODUCTION

Definitions and methodology

Definitions used in this reportBasic television: the lowest level of serviceavailable for which the customer has to pay amonthly fee.Extended basic television: channels orpackages of channels which would in the pasthave been packaged in the basic tier butwhich have been split off and are nowoffered as an add-on to the basic service.Extended basic services are often themedmini-groupings of channels, thus in situationswere a small and large basic option areoffered, the larger basic would not beconsidered to be an extended basic package.Instead, both would be considered basic.Premium television: single or packaged ofhigh-value channels that contain premiumcontent and command a high customersubscriber fee. Examples would include CanalPlus, TV1000, Sky MovieMax DTH: Direct-to-home (satellite) televisionservices. In order to create consistencybetween the countries covered in this reportDTH subscriber numbers are counted as totalDTH (free and pay television).DTT: Digital terrestrial television xDSL: Digital subscriber line. A technologythat allows on-demand television, broadcastservices and high-speed Internet to beoffered over a standard copper telephoneinfrastructure. The system works by splittingdigital information into manageable packetsand then reconstructing the packets into ausable signal at the point of reception.

ADSL: Asymmetric digital subscriber line,currently the most common form of xDSLtechnologyCable Internet access: access to Internetservices over the cable wire (as opposed to atelephone wire).Monthly revenue per subscriber: theaverage monthly revenue generated by eachcable customer in a given country. Revenuesare based on a combination of income frombasic television, extended basic television,premium television, cable Internet servicesand telephony.

Benelux: The three countries that make upthe Benelux region of Europe: Belgium, theNetherlands and Luxembourg.Scandinavia and Nordic: Scandinavia refersto the three Nordic countries of Sweden,Norway and Denmark, the term Nordic alsoincludes Finland.Western Europe comprises the followingcountries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark,Finland, France, Germany, Ireland,Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United KingdomEastern Europe comprises the followingcountries: Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary,Poland, Romania, SloveniaItaly has been omitted as there are no longerany true cable operations in the country.Aggregated European data includes Italy upto and including 2003.


Data conventions

— means notapplicable

: means no dataavailable

0 means zero or lessthan the smallestrecordable quantityUnless otherwisestated, data is foryear end

Methodological notesThe data in this yearbook was collected withthe collaboration of the European CableCommunications Association using acomprehensive survey sent to in-countrycable trade bodies and leading commercialcable companies. Numerous interviews werealso carried out with senior trade associationstaff and cable company executives in eachcountry profiled. Other standard researchresources were also used.

ThanksScreen Digest and ECCA would like to thankall of the cable industry executives and staffwho helped in the compilation of this book.


European Broadband Cable 2005Methodology, acknowledgements

Cable industry quick facts

� The European cable industry is now worth €15.5bn a year and grew in value by more than11 per cent during 2004.

� Television remains the mainstay of the European cable industry, accounting for 66 per centof all European cable revenues. However, its importance continues to decline.

� Telephony is the second most important contributor to total European cable revenue,accounting for just over 16 per cent. Broadband Internet is almost equal in value to telephony,despite being more widespread. In total, broadband Internet accounts for just over 15 per centof annual cable revenue in Europe.

� The Eastern European markets covered in this report account for just over €1bn in annualrevenue with television services accounting for 88 per cent of the total and broadband 11percent. Telephony has yet to register a significant share of revenue in Eastern markets.

� Overall ARPU (average revenue per subscriber unit) in Western Europe now stands at€22.70—up from €20.72 in 2003. The ARPU for the Eastern European countries covered inthis report reached €8.14 in 2004, up from €7.19 in 2003.

� From a service perspective, Internet generates the highest ARPU per subscriber at morethan €42 in Western Europe. Telephony comes second with €28 and TV the least persubscriber at just under €23.



European Broadband Cable 2005EUROPEAN OVERVIEW

What is ECCA?

The European Cable Communications Association is the trade association grouping theEuropean cable operators and their national trade associations. The main goals of theassociation are to foster co-operation between cable operators and to promote and representtheir interests at a European level. ECCA's members represent more than 45m cablesubscribers across Europe.

The Association's objectives are:� encouraging the development of cable through international contacts;� defending the interests of cable operators at the international level;� participating in international activities related to cable;� ensuring the exchange of information between the various members;� examining technical, commercial and legal matters, which, directly or indirectly, will assist inachieving the above objectives.

ECCA now has 32 members in 17 countries. It also has three associate members in Central &Eastern Europe. For a list of ECCA’s members, see page 171.

Slovenia

Market overviewAlmost all cable operators in Sloveniabelong to the national cable association(KOS), which as of fourth quarter2004 had 82 members with 100networks serving almost 265,000subscribers.

� The largest MSO in Slovenia isTelemach. Launched by four Sloveniancompanies in 1999 and subsequentlybacked by the US’s Emerging MarketsPartnership, it was acquired by UGCEurope in December 2004 for €71m incash.� Telemach accounts for 40 per centof the market and has networks inLjubljana and the regions ofGorenjska, Primorska Dolenjska andVelenje. Around 10 per cent of its106,000 cable TV customers also payfor broadband Internet access.� The second largest player is agrouping of four individual operators(Elekro Turnsek, KRS Rotovz, KRSTabor and Ljubljanski Kabel) knowncollectively as Telius. Having comple-tely upgraded its networks, it becamethe first group in Slovenia to introducedigital TV with the launch of a servicein first quarter 2003. It also claims tohave 15,000 Internet customers.

� The remainder of the market isfragmented, though many smalloperators are now upgrading theirnetworks and offering Internet accessas well as analogue TV services.� HBO’s entry into Slovenia inSeptember 2004 has provided a boostfor digital cable and MMDS. The latterwas due to be launched by LjubljanskiKabel in January 2005.� In the absence of a DTH platformand no plans as yet to launch DTT, thegreatest threat to the cable industry isposed by the incumbent telco TelekomSlovenije. It already operates what isprobably the first TV-via-ADSL serviceand may soon also offer VoIP.

Market size� Around 49 per cent of Slovenia’s718,000 homes are passed by cable, andof these up to 75 per cent subscribe toservices.� At the end of 2004 there were117,000 broadband connections inSlovenia. ADSL accounted for 66 percent of the market and cable 34 percent, and while there was competitionin the cable sector Telekom Slovenijeheld a near-monopoly in ADSL.

� Although there is as yet no cabletelephony in Slovenia, the first servicescould make their debut in 2005.� Take-up of Telekom Slovenije’s TV-via-ADSL service has been slow.Operated by the telco’s ISP subsidiarySlovenia-on-Line (SiOL) it had onlyaround 2,000 subscribers as of mid2004.� The digital cable service operated bythe Telius grouping meanwhile hadaround 1,000 subscribers at the end of2004, though the number is likely torise significantly since the recentintroduction of HBO.

Range of services� Most operators belonging to KOSoffer their subscribers at least 45channels, available in lifeline, basic,extended basic and premium packages.Around half are also provided with anadditional 70 channels, while theprogramme offer for those who receivedigital TV is wider still.� Internet access is now madeavailable by both the large MSOs and agrowing number of smaller operators.� At least 60 per cent of homes inSlovenia have already been upgraded toreceive additional services.

Slovenia: key data

Licensing body/regulator Broadcasting and Post Agency Slovenia; Ministry of Transport andCommunications; National Telecommunication Agency

Duration of cable licence no licence; building permits and certificates of conformity requiredLicence fee none, administrative fee onlyVAT/sales tax (%) 20Local loop capacity (MHz) 300-600, typical 5-65 return pathProportion of network capable two-way (%) 60Proportion of network upgraded in past 12 months (%) 20Number of cable operators 82Year of first cable launch 1986Number of people employed in cable industry 200Cable services offered television, cable Internet

Cable availability Cable take-up Cable spending Cable internet Digital cable

proportion of homes passed penetration of homes passed revenue per subscriber penetration of homes passedpenetration of homes passed

Ranking out of 23 countries, end 2004

19 9 16 9 16Key indicators


� The premium channel HBO is nowavailable on several cable networks inSlovenia. Furthermore, all the majoroperators offer it in digital format.

Technology� The TV-via-ADSL service operatedby SiOL is received with AmiNet set-top boxes produced by the UK-basedcompany Amino Communications. Itemploys a headend supplied by the UScompany Minerva Networks.� Internet access via ADSL is charac-terised by relatively high speeds, withresidential customers being offered1 Mbps to 4 Mbps and business usersbetween 1 Mbps and 8 Mbps. It isobtained through Telekom Slovenije’sbroadband backbone ATM network,with SiOL providing 99 per cent ofconnections.

Competition� Slovenia’s cable industry faces strongcompetition from the national telcoTelekom Slovenije. Besides being thesole provider of fixed-line telephony, itwholly owns the mobile companyMobitel, which has a 76 per centmarket share.� Telekom Slovenije also has a virtualmonopoly in the ADSL sector,providing both Internet access andvideo through its subsidiary SiOL, thecountry’s largest ISP.� Although only the Telius group atpresent offers digital cable TV,competition will intensify once UGCEurope-owned Telemach rolls out itsown service.� There are at present no plans tolaunch a DTT platform in Slovenia.However, the national publicbroadcaster RTV Slo has beenundertaking trials in the Ljubljana areasince 2000.� Whilst Slovenia does not have adedicated digital DTH platform,reception of foreign programmingthrough individual dishes, estimated tonumber up to 100,000 in Q4 2004,remains popular.

Regulation� The Slovenian cable industry isregulated by the Telecommunications,Broadcasting and Post Agency (ARTP),which is responsible for issuingcertificates of registration to cableoperators. The Ministry forInformation Society (MID) alsoperforms a regulatory function.� A new electronic communicationslaw came into effect in Slovenia onMay 1, 2004 and secondary legislationis now being adopted. The law replacedthe 2001 Telecom Act, which fullyliberalised the telecom market, andcreated a new regulatory body knownas the Telecom Council.� Slovenia also amended its existingcopyright and related rights legislationin early 2004 ahead of EU accessionand instigated additional measures tocombat piracy.

Cable prospects� The Slovenian cable market wastransformed by the launch of alocalised version of HBO in September2004, making the roll out of digital TVservices in the country much easier.� Telekom Slovenije’s dominantposition in the telephony sector is likelyto come under threat from Telius andTelemach, who are well placed tointroduce VoIP in the near future. BothMSOs already have a large and growingInternet subscriber base.� Telemach has recently been growingthrough the acquisition of smallernetworks. This process -- and indeedconsolidation in the market as whole --is likely to accelerate now that thecompany is owned by UGC Europe.� Although Slovenia has a relativelysmall population, it also has the highestGDP per capita of the eight Central andEast European countries that joinedthe EU in May 2004. This may temptUGC Europe to launch its digital DTHplatform UGC Direct sometime in thefuture.� However, it would face competitionfrom Seemore, a DTH platformoperated by the Croatian company OiVand aimed at the Balkans (thoughprincipally ex-Yugoslavian countries)which was due to launch in early 2005.

� Programmers find the Slovenianmarket increasingly attractive. MTV, forinstance, has already announced plansto launch a localised version namedMTV Adria in Slovenia, along withCroatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina,in 2005.

European Broadband Cable 2005SLOVENIA


European Broadband Cable 2005 SLOVENIA


Leading cable operators

Services

total TV market digital TV cable Internet cable telephonysubscribers share start subs start subs start subs

000s % 000s 000s 000s

Telemach doo 106 39.9 Sep 2004 2.00 2001 9.89 — —

Ljubljanski Kabel 20 7.4 Mar 2003 0.40 2001 3.90 — —

KRT Tabor 16 6.0 Mar 2003 0.30 2001 4.00 — —

KRS Rotovz 12 4.5 Mar 2003 0.20 2001 2.00 — —

Elektro Turnsek 10 3.8 2004 0.10 2001 1.00 — —

others 102 38.4 — — 2001 19.21 — —

total 265 100 3.00 40.00 — —

Technology

set-top box modem digital conditionalsuppliers suppliers middleware access

Telemach doo Scientific-Atlanta Conax

Ljubljanski Kabel : Netgame : Conax

KRT Tabor : : : Conax

KRS Rotovz : Netgame : Conax

Elektro Turnsek

Elektro Turnsek, KRS Rotovz, KRT Tabor and Ljubljanski Kabel form an operational grouping known as Telius

Slovenia: total cable television subscribers

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

200420032002200120001999

subs

crib

ers

(00

0s)

Slovenia: subscribers to advanced cable services 2004

subs

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0

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20

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80

ADSLwirelesscabletelephony

cableInternet

digitalcable


144

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Basic country data

population 000s 1,988 1,990 1,985 1,985 1,985 1,985households 000s 695 684 702 701 710 718TV households 000s 660 653 670 671 680 690cable penetration TV HH % 36.82 38.31 37.30 37.28 36.77 36.25

Cable industry

cable homes passed 000s 325 325 350 350 350 350cable operators no 110 81 90 80 80 63cable headends no 110 65 70 80 80 80antenna sites no 110 65 70 65 65 50

Market size

total cable subscribers 000s 245 250 255 260 260 265penetration TV HH (year end) % 37.12 38.31 38.04 38.77 38.24 38.43penetration homes passed (year end) % 75.38 76.92 72.86 74.29 74.29 75.71digital cable subscribers 000s — — — 0.00 2.00 3.00digital penetration TV HH (year end) % — — — 0.00 0.29 0.44digital penetration homes passed (year end) % — — — 0.00 0.57 0.86cable Internet subscribers 000s 1.50 2.50 5.50 15.00 22.00 40cable Internet penetration homes passed (year end) % 0.46 0.77 1.57 4.29 6.29 11.43cable telephony subscribers 000s — — — — — —wireless subscribers 000s 30.00 30.00 5.00 0.40 0.40 0.40ADSL subscribers 000s — — — 5 36 77DTH subscribers 000s 133.00 118.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 80.00

Technology

total analogue boxes 000s 100 100 100 : : :total digital boxes 000s — — — 0 2 3total cable box modems 000s 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00total stand alone cable modems 000s 1.50 2.50 5.50 15.00 22 40total cable modems 000s 1.50 2.50 5.50 15.00 22 40


European Broadband Cable 2005 SLOVENIA


1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Revenue

annual basic TV revenue tolar m 3,022 2,983 3,375 4,625 5,875 7,188€000 12,709 12,544 14,193 19,450 24,707 30,227

annual extended basic TV revenue tolar 000 — — — — — —€000 — — — — — —

annual premium TV revenue tolar 000 — — 0 20,000 40,000 40,000€000 — — — 84 168 168

annual PPV revenue tolar 000 — — — — — —€000 — — — — — —

annual cable Internet revenue — — — — — —— — — — — —

annual total cable revenue (television) tolar m 3,022 2,983 3,375 4,645 5,915 7,228€000 12,709 12,544 14,193 19,534 24,875 30,395

annual total cable revenue (Internet) tolar 000 43,384 109,613 268,700 768,750 1,295,000 2,170,000€000 182 461 1,130 3,233 5,446 9,126

annual total cable revenue (telephony) tolar m — — — — — —€000 — — — — — —

annual total set-top box revenue tolar m — — — — — —€000 — — — — — —

annual total cable revenue tolar m 3,066 3,092 3,644 5,414 7,210 9,398€000 12,892 13,005 15,323 22,767 30,321 39,521

average monthly revenue per subscriber (television) tolar 1,043 1,008 1,125 1,548 1,972 2,409€ 4.39 4.24 4.73 6.51 8.29 10.13

average monthly revenue per subscriber (Internet) tolar 4,820.40 4,567.23 5,597.92 6,250.00 5,833.33 5,833.33€ 20.27 19.21 23.54 26.28 24.53 24.53

average monthly revenue per subscriber (telephony) tolar — — — — — —€ — — — — — —

total average monthly revenue per subscriber tolar 1,053.44 1,041.24 1,202.54 1,752.02 2,310.90 2,983.33€ 4.43 4.38 5.06 7.37 9.72 12.55

Revenue contribution by service

television % 98.58 96.46 92.63 85.80 82.04 76.91Internet % 1.42 3.54 7.37 14.20 17.96 23.09telephony % — — — — — —set-top box rental % — — — — — —

Monthly subscriber revenue per channel

average revenue per basic channel tolar 31.13 26.19 28.13 38.54 46.08 53.24average revenue per basic channel € 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.22average revenue per extended basic channel tolar — — — — — —average revenue per extended basic channel € — — — — — —average revenue per premium channel tolar — — — 1,667 1,667 1,667average revenue per premium channel € — — — 7.01 7.01 7.01

Slovenia: average monthly revenue per subscriber

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Slovenia: revenue contribution by service

Internet 23.1%

television 76.9%

2004

Internet 18.0%

television 82.0%

2003

Slovenia: top five operators’ market shares, end 2004

others 38.4%

Eleltro Turnsek 3.8%

KRS Rotovz 4.5%

KRT Tabor 6.0%

Ljubljanski Kabel 7.4%

Telemach doo 39.9%

Slovenia: annual total cable revenue

0

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Slovenia: annual total cable television revenue

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Screen Digest is the leading news and market research journal forthe international media business. Read by senior executives in over40 countries, it has an unrivaled reputation for concise, impartialreporting and comprehensive coverage of all audio-visual media.

Since being founded in 1971, it has built up a remarkable databaseof reference material and statistics, frequently cited in business andofficial reports around the world. The company also undertakesprivate client research for major international media companies andtrade associations.

The European Cable Communications Association is thetrade association for European cable operators and their nationaltrade associations. Its main goals are to foster co-operationbetween cable operators and to promote and represent theirinterests at a European level. ECCA's 30 members in 17 countriesrepresent more than 45m cable subscribers across Europe. It alsohas three associate members in Central & Eastern Europe.

The Association's objectives are encouraging the development ofcable through international contacts; defending the interests ofcable operators at the international level; participating ininternational activities related to cable; ensuring the exchange ofinformation between the various members; examining technical,commercial and legal matters, which, directly or indirectly, willassist in achieving the above objectives.

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