EUROPE

PhysicalGeography

The Peninsula of Peninsulas!

Peninsulas

NorthernScandinavian Peninsula (Norway & Sweden)Jutland Peninsula (Denmark and Germany)

SouthernIberian Peninsula (Spain & Portugal)Italian Peninsula (Italy)Balkan Peninsula (surrounded by Adriatic, Mediterranean, and Aegean Seas)

FjordsSteep u-

shaped valleys carved by glaciers that connect to the sea and that filled with sea water after the glacier melted.

Found in Norway

IslandsLarge- Britain,

Ireland, Iceland, Greenland

Small- Mediterranean Sea Islands

All depend on trade

Sicily

The Walls of Europe? Mountains and uplands separate

groups of people. Make it difficult for people, goods

and ideas to move easily from place to place (ex: languages).

Also affect climate (ex: Alps blocking north wind into Italy).

Mountain ChainsAlps: France, Italy, Germany,

Switzerland, Austria, and northern Balkan Peninsula

Pyrenees: separate Spain from France

Apennine Mtns: like a spine down Italy

Balkan Mtns: cut off Balkan Peninsula from rest of Europe

UPLANDS(not mountains!)

Uplands are hills or very low mountains that may also

contain mesas or plateaus.

Kjølen Mountains: Scandinavia

Scottish Highlands

Meseta: plateau in Spain

Massif Central: French uplands

Fertile Plains: Amber Waves of Grain

Northern European Plain–One of the most fertile regions in world

–Huge! France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, and Poland

–Great for farming!–Great for invaders attacking Europe!

Europe’s Natural Resources• Coal & Iron (needed

for industrial economy to make steel)

• Oil and natural gas from North Sea

• Agricultural land (33% of Europe is suitable for farming)

• Timber• Peat

Resources Shape Life!Food, jobs, houses,

even culture (ex: traditional European folk tales)

Distribution of resources creates regional differences (ex: peat used as fuel in Ireland instead of coal; tradition of coal miners in Poland)

Climate and Vegetation

Most of Europe : Marine West Coast

Warm summer, cool wintersNorth Atlantic Drift – warm water

flow from tropics flows near Europe’s west coast

Prevailing Westerlies pick up warmth from this current and carry it over Europe (Also carry moisture providing adequate rainfall)

Crops, such as grain and potatoes

North Atlantic Drift

Inland : Humid Continental

More severe weather changes

Cold, snowy winters

Warm or hot summers

Adequate rainfall

Sweden

Mediterranean Coast : Mediterranean

Hot dry summers, mild wet winters

Winds–Mistral- cold, dry,

north wind (received by France in winter) there are no mountains to block this wind

Winds-–Sirocco- hot,

steady, southern wind from Africa into southern Europe

Citrus fruits, olives, grapes

tourism

Mediterranean Coast : Mediterranean

Arctic Circle : Tundra

Winters- long hours of darkness

Summers- long days

Inside the circle- Land of the Midnight Sun

Human-Environment Interaction

Complete the Concept definition map by using pgs 282-285 in your text book