eurolog – europe in dialogue with...

Eurolog – Europe in Dialogue with Antiquity

EditorProf. Dr. Harald SiebenmorgenBadisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe

Concept, realization, textDr. Katarina Horst Alexandra Neuner M.A.Angelika Zinsmaier M.A.

Translation (from German): Joanne Eysell

Building services and restoration, Marketing, PR, Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe

Exhibition design and graphicsRanger-Design, Stuttgart

ContactDr. Katarina [email protected]

Thanks toDorothee Abdelhamid, Goethe-Institut TunisChristiane Bohrer, Direktorin Goethe-Institut TunisKurt Ranger und Peter Fajt, Ranger-Design StuttgartClaus Hattler, Badisches Landesmuseum KarlsruheEva Kurz, Badisches Landesmuseum KarlsruheDanae Kontopodis, HeraklionFerdaous Louichi, TunisBelinda Montúfar de Maschke, EU-KoordinationsstelleProf. Jim Moran, TorontoPeter Panik, WienDr. Martin Schäfer, Archaeological Society at Athens

Picture credit: Access to the World: Hamburg Harbour: Martin ElsenCity Centre: Karlsruhe, Bildstelle Stadt Karlsruhe MMG, Cairo: monasosh, flickr. Fez: cutcasterBelief: Rothko-Chapel: www.rothkochapel.org, Votive from Weißenburg: Archäologische Staatssammlung, Munich, God’s corner: Kapfenhof St. Peter, Germany, Wellness: Badenweiler: ‚Archäologie erleben‘, ed. A. Pomper, R.Redies, A.Wais, p.42, published by Theiss, Stuttgart 2004. Hamam: Frauenzentrum in der Schokoladenfabrik, Berlin Vision in White: mass-wedding: Kim Hong-Ji, Thompson- Reuters, Aldobrandinian Wedding , after: ‘Pompejianische Wandbilder’, A. Majouri, Berlin 1938All other pictures: The Eurolog-partner-museums and authors.

Imprint

ISBN 978-3-937345-63-5

Why get to know the past? How can knowledge of antiquity help to answer questions in the present and future? These questions are the focus of the Eurolog Project.If we look at individual events of the past and their effects, we can see that similar events are taking place even today, and that their effects can thus be predicted. The thesis of comparability is supported by the fact that today’s European countries and the countries surrounding the Mediterranean look back on a common past. Today’s Europe developed from that past. Among the many ages of the past, there is one epoch which had particular influence on the Euro-Mediterranean area and thus can be taken as the common denominator for Europe and the Mediterranean area of today: Greco-Roman antiquity.

Globalisation and migration with the attendant mixing of cultures is a horror for many people in Europe these days. As a consequence, tendencies to withdraw, to marginalize and to regionalize can be observed. There has always been mutual influence among cultures and there always will be. Usually these influences have not been understood as “alien”, but viewed in an individual’s own perception as part of his own culture. Looking at the way in which people dealt with this inter-mixing in the past opens new solutions for today. One concrete example is the Imperium Romanum which united many peoples and cultures in one system. Entry into the Imperium, which was not usually voluntary, nonetheless offered the individual person a lot: safety, a rule of laws, affluence, liberty, and all this without giving up one’s own traditions and cultures. This and other examples of the Eurolog Project will show that a united Europe brings advantages for everyone, and not suppression of one’s own cultural identity.

Katarina Horst

Introduction

The Eurolog MethodHow can answers to today’s social questions be found by examining Antiquity? The common cultural heritage of the Euro-Mediterranean area was particularly wides-pread in Antiquity. The Mediterranean region has always been an exchange area for goods and culture. Dealings among the various cultures formed the modern world and continue to influence it today. If we look at individual phenomena in everyday living and their effects, it becomes clear that there is still something similar going on now. This realization can provide beneficial impulses for the mode of living in the Europe of today and of the future.

The Goal of Eurolog In the European dialogue with antiquity, the international project team examine everyday occurrences in today’s society and make it clear that components ostensibly belonging to one culture have arisen from a common cultural heritage. This know-ledge is expected to lead to understanding and respect, thus working to overcome boundaries, discrimination, suppression and injustice. With this goal, Eurolog wants to stimulate open exchange between people of all countries, open new points of view and support intercultural competences. Based on the “Eurolog Method”, the international project partners developed inno-vative products of publication and communication at Museums and historic sites. In addition to this exhibition, a childrens’ book, guidelines for a tour guide, a fairy-tale and a Smartphone-App have been created. You can find additional information at www.eurolog-project.eu.

The Eurolog Project

People in the European-Mediterranean area look back on a common past, which is still present these days in intellectual and material heritage. Meetings and relation-ships and the various related forms of communication and life are a characteristic component of both the antique and today’s world. For millennia, foreign cultural elements have entered one sphere or been transposed to another in a constant exchange. The Eurolog Method is dedicated to these processes and offers a change of perspective.

Imperium Romanum – “Globalisation” in AntiquityThe Imperium Romanum stands in parallel to the current globalised world, since it united many peoples and cultures in one system. The expansion of Rome still influ-ences maps of Europe these days. At its zenith, the multi-cultural state probably had more than 100 million inhabitants. Entry into the Imperium wasn’t always voluntary, but nonetheless, it offered many people safety, a rule of law and freedom without having to give up one’s own traditions and cultures. Usually, stable mixed cultures formed as a result of integration processes through contact between Romans and the conquered people. Much of what appears successful today was achieved by the Imperium Romanum under other conditions: it created a uniform economic space, a common currency, the same rights for everyone and, despite the inclusion of many peoples, uniform foreign and defense politics.

Eurolog – Europe in Dialogue with Antiquity

This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Access to the World

Cultural Exchange over the SeaThe Cyclops live without seafaring and contact to the outside world, so they have remained without culture, judged the Greek poet Homer in about 700 BC. in his epic poem “The Odyssey” about the population of giants on a Mediterranean island.

In fact, Mediterranean peoples traversed great distances in their ships and reached foreign coasts very early. The natural conditions of the Mediterranean area offered a wide variety of raw materials, like copper from Cyprus or marble from the Greek islands. Thanks to the flourishing marine trade, there were a number of production possibilities. Ancient advanced civilizations like Egypt, Phoenicia and Greece exchanged ideas and knowhow. This resulted in an enormous cultural development which impacts even on our life today. Some of the greatest achievements of mankind were realized: metal-working and the invention and promulgation of the alphabet by the Phoenici-ans to the Greeks and thence to the Romans.

Worldwide NetHuge storage facilities, stemming of piracy, a common currency and finally the Roman Peace, the Pax Romana, decreed by Emperor Pax Romana, decreed by Emperor Pax RomanaAugustus, made the Roman Empire into a uniform economic area. The greatest goods-transfer in the ancient world was conducted and can serve as a model for today’s world-wide trade.Formerly, seafaring connected the Mediterra-nean regions and made them one common homogeneous cultural area – today, global networking makes use of many forms of transportation.

Aerial view of the Citadel of Alanya, Turkey: The oldest parts of the fortress date from the 2nd century BC, the shi-pyard and the “Red Tower” were built in the Seljuk period.

The harbor in Hamburg, Germany, is the third-largest container port in Europe.

MobilityBeing on the road is nothing special these days. Roads connect the entire European and Mediterranean region. This possibility of great mobility was originally created by the Roman army. During the territorial spread over about 1000 years, they built a massive system of roads more than 80,000 km long – twice the distance around the equator.

Face-to-Face EncounterPeople from all parts of the multi-national state met on the new roads: merchants with their wares, artisans who applied their abilities in other regions, ambassadors, soldiers, slaves, slave traders, families and educational tourists.

CommunicationThe network of roads is not only the greatest civilizing achievement of the Romans, but also the most important motor in the spread of Roman culture over the entire empire. Written and spoken Latin as the official language in many provinces, education, mythology, gastronomy and a system of hygiene are examples of this. The roads were, however, not one-way: the Romans were open to cultural influences as long as they offered a promise of improved quality of life. For example, they adopted trousers and hooded coats from colder climates.Many of today’s main streets run along the ancient Roman roads.

Milestones were the Roman “street signs”. They showed the distance to the nearest city or town. This one stood on a road in Upper Germania about 200 AD.

The traveling wagon on the gravestone of the Roman legionnaire Lucius Aemilius Crescens could point to the involvement of his family in transport. The gravestone was found in the province of Upper Germania and dates from the 1st century AD.

on the road

Pisae

Lugdunum

Massilia

Colonia Agrippina

Nicae

Aventicium

Tarentum

BrundisiumDyrrhachium

EdessaThessalonica

Byzantium

AthenaePatrae

CorinthusCarthago

Virunum

Asculum

Aternum

Neapolis

Roma

Augusta Vindelicum

Argentorate

Colonia Ulpia Traiana

AugustaRauricorum

Pons DrusiTridentum

Mediolanum

Verona

Augusta

Via ClaudiaVia Aemilia Scauri

Via Julia

Augusta

Via Domitia

Via

Fla

min

ia

Genua

Via Aurelia

Via Appia

Via Sa

laria

Via Tiburtina

Valeria

Via Egnatia

Colonia Ariminum

Fanum Fortunae

Ostia

Lugdunum

ColoniaAgrippinaAgrippinaAgrippinaAgrippina

Aventicium

Virunum

AugustaVindelicum

Argentorate

Colonia Ulpia Traiana

AugustaRauricorumAugustaRauricorumAugusta

Pons DrusiTridentum

Mediolanum

Verona

Augusta

Via Claudia

Augusta

Via Claudia

Augusta

Via Aemilia ScauriVia

Julia Augusta

Via

Fla

min

ia

Colonia Ariminum

Fanum FortunaePisaeNicae

GenuaRimini

Fano

Rome

Ostia

Napoli

Ravenna

Thessaloniki

Köln

Strasbourg

Augst

Augsburg

Bolzano

Ascoli

Brindisi

Taranto

Pescara

PisaNiceMarseille

Verona

Milano

Genova

Lyon Trento

Avenches

Xanten

DurrësIstanbul

Tunis

Röm

isch

e Rh

eint

al S

traß

e

SS1

SS3

SS4

SS5

SS7

Athina Patras

Korinthos

main routes in Roman time

todays main routes

Centre Ville

City CentreAs long as there have been cities there have been places where people gather. The main axes lead to this intersection of meetings, trade, celebrations, religious ceremonies, jus-tice and politics. These functions are reflected in the architecture of the square. In ancient Greece, the column-lined representative square – the ”agora” – was framed by shops, temples and official buildings. The agora was one essential social characteristic of a Greek city-state starting in the 6th century BC. Free male citizens could influence political eventsin the early public assemblies. The Romans adopted the design of the square for their“forum” and spread it to the cities of the Roman Empire.European city planning today still adheres to this ancient design. The idea of a city centre makes it possible for visitors to become oriented quickly.

Orient and OccidentThe oriental city developed differently. A dense network of narrow alleys and buildings results in close proximity of living, trade and prayer. The heart of this urban structure is the mosque – the focus of the religious, everyday and political life of the residents of a medina (city). Large squares were created in newly-built suburbs under the influence of European architecture in the 20th century.

Today, the Roman word “forum” not only means the public urban space, but is used also for world-wide exchange in virtual internet platforms.

The agora in Athens is considered to be the cradle of de-mocracy, since the first public assemblies were held here.

Market Square with town hall and church, Karlsruhe, Germany, photo: MMG

Tahrir Square during demonstrations in febr. 2011, Cairo, Egypt, photo: Monasosh, flickr

Syntagma Square with parliament, Athens, Greece

Medina of Fez, Marocco

Ostraka: Justice was administered on the agora in Athens. The free citizens of Athens used clay fragments as “ballots” when the vote was taken at the “the shard court - Ostracism”.

Ostraka: Justice was administered on the agora Ostraka: Justice was administered on the agora in Athens. The free citizens of Athens used clay fragments as “ballots” when the vote was taken

Ostraka: Justice was administered on the agora in Athens. The free citizens of Athens used clay Ostraka: Justice was administered on the agora

Agora of Perge – The social, economic and cultural centre of the Hellenistic city of Perge dating in Roman times (today Turkey)

belief

Many cultures – many creedsThe ancient religions included a diversity of gods, myths and rituals which all melted together over the centuries in the Mediterranean regions.After the founding of Rome, the religious con-cepts of the Italic peoples were influenced by the Greek Olympian deities. With the establishment of the Roman Empire, many emperors demanded god-like reverence to their person. As long as this law was obeyed, the people were able to practice their own cult. The Romans actually had great interest in the religious customs of foreign cultures and integrated them into Roman ways.

Limited toleranceThis multiplicity of creeds led to the creation of new cults and intercultural dieties. Roman tolerance reached its limits, however, with monotheistic religions, like Judaism and Christianity, because they refused to make offerings to the emperor.

A temple for all godsPantheon in Greek means “to all gods”. The Pantheon in Rome, which dates from the time of the emperors, was the first temple dedicated to all gods. The philanthropists de Menil followed a similar idea in building theRothko-Chapel in Houston “as a place for religious ceremonies of all faiths, a center for human rights, freedom and global concerns”.

The Pantheon in Rome, Italy, which dates from the time of the emperors in the 2nd century AD.

The Rothko Chapel in Houston, Texas/ USA, was dedicated in 1971. The interior of the octagonal buil-ding is decorated with 14 monochromatic paintings by the artist Marc Rothko.

Votives The custom of votive offerings in supplication or thanks for healing connects visitors of Minoan summit shrines with those making sacrifices in Greek and Roman temples, and Christians in Catholic and Orthodox churches.Archeologists found clay figures like these around the Minoan summit shrine from the 2nd millenium BC in Petsophas on Crete, Greece.The Roman votive sheet showing the goddess Minerva and the gods Apollo and Mercury, dates from the 3rd century BC and was found in the Bavarian town of Weiβenburg in Germany.Modern Greek Orthodox votive sheets can be purchased in shops selling devotional items.

Symbols People have always felt the need to turn to higher beings with offerings and prayers. Rites and symbols serve to protect against disaster. The eye is one such sym-bol which has been used in all times and in many cultures. It is perceived and un-derstood everywhere in the world. It may be adopted consciously or unconsciously.

Calendar Advent calendars have been preparing children in the German-speaking region for Christmas since the 19th century. The Christian motifs behind the 24 little doors have now been replaced by sweets. But the Christian tradition of the Advent calendar has remained. Muslims living in Berlin have taken over the idea of the Advent calendar to structure the fasting month Ramadan until the Festival of Breaking of the Fast.

Muslim prayer rug

Expression of private piety The Romans set up a lararium, a domestic altar with small figures of gods, for daily devotions and for protection. Christians in many areas dedicate a corner in their homes as a place for religious devotions. Muslims use prayer rugs and are thus not spatially limited in their daily prayers. For them, the point of the compass is decisive. Pious Jews decorate their doorposts with the Mezuzah, a small vial containing a roll of parchment with the prayer Shma Israel – “Hear, O Israel”.

Roman lararium from the Casa dei Vettii in Pompey, Italy, from the 1st century BC

“God’s Corner” in a living room in the Black Forest

Mezuzah

Artemis – DianaThe Greeks worshiped the goddess Artemis as the protector of women, as ruler of animals, the forest and hunting. She is usually portrayed with bow and arrows.Due to her life-giving characteristics, she became fused in Asia Minor with the mountain and mo-ther goddess Kybele to Artemis Ephesia, who was worshiped in Ephesos, western Turkey. Her cult image is decorated with animals and her bodice is covered with what are probably fertility symbols.The Romans identified the Italic goddess Diana, protectress of animals and birth, with Artemis. Diana is predominantly depicted as a huntress in a short dress, boots and carrying a quiver.In the age of the emperors, the Romans set up cult centers for Diana throughout the Roman Empire and combined her with a local female deity with similar characteristics. North of the Alps, the Romans became acquainted with Abnoba, the Celtic goddess of the Black Forest. She was equated with Diana and worshiped as the Celtic-Roman “Diana Abnoba”. In south-wes-tern Germany, small statues of the Black Forest goddess were found near hot springs and natural shrines, but also along the newly-built roads. The godly patroness of healing springs then protected travelers as Diana Abnoba.

Isis and MariaFor the Egyptians, Isis was mother of the gods, ruler of the world and creator of all cultures. The seated goddess is holding her son Horus on her lap. Horus is the divine ruler of the country on the Nile. Greeks and Romans also worshiped Isis and spread the miracle cult in the empire. The picture of Isis and her child is reflected in Christian por-trayals of the Madonna.

Gallo – Roman Diana Abnoba, Baden State Museum Karlsruhe

Roman Diana, Capitoline Museum Rome

Egyptian Isis Lactans, Baden State Museum Karlsruhe

Roman Isis from Perge, Archeological Museum, Alanya

shrines, but also along the newly-built roads. The godly patroness of healing springs then protected

goddess were found near hot springs and natural shrines, but also along the newly-built roads. The godly patroness of healing springs then protected

Modern „lararium“ by the Austrian designer Peter Panik

Souvenir object: Roman Artemis of Ephesos

Devotional object: Maria with child

Vestis virum reddit – clothes make the man – said the Roman rhetorician Quintilian in the first century AD. Clothing protects and warms, reflects personality and expresses belonging to a society. Dress codes, which everyone in a group understands, apply for special occasi-ons. This social phenomenon has existed since antiquity.

Vision in WhiteToday many people associate the color white with a wedding gown. In ancient Greece and Rome, women wore white as a sign of purity. In one of the tragedies by the Greek poet Euripides, the mythological bride Alkestis approaches her husband King Admetos in a white robe, léfko péplo. In Roman times, a léfko péplo. In Roman times, a léfko péplomural from Rome gives witness to the custom of marrying in a white dress with a veil. The Christians took over and spread this tradition in association with church-prescribed ceremonies.

Thanks to western films and celebrity wed-dings, the modern white wedding gown has conquered the hearts of women in many parts of the world. Thus ancient and Christian elements have entered the customs of other creeds.

Turkish bridal pair: A western wedding gown is combined with the traditional Turkish custom of pinning on banknotes.

Vision in White

“Aldobrandinian Wedding”: The mural from Rome dates from the 1st century BC. The bride, dressed in white with a veil, sits waiting on the bed.

Mass wedding in Asia: The brides are wearing white wedding gowns.

Enjoy your meal!

Culinary CultureCereal porridge was originally part of the Roman’s everyday menu. With the Roman co-lonization of Greece, the cuisine changed. Then the rich ate a three-course meal in the evening with a sweet dessert, and adopted the Oriental-Greek custom of lying on klinai during the meal.

Foreign Countries – New DishesFoodstuffs from all over the empire were transported by ship to Rome to supply the po-pulation. Due to Roman expansion, there was immense migration. People of the most di-verse origins brought their regional specialties and dishes along into the Roman metropolis and to all corners of the empire. Products from the Mediterranean which were unknown at that time reached the northern provinces. This is proven by archeological findings of olive pits, Roman amphorae with traces of fish sauce, oyster shells or wine in “Gaul” and “Germania”.

Many People – Fast Food In the hectic daily Roman life, fast food from the snack-bars, which were also run by people of foreign origin, was very popular. Everyone with business in Rome became acquainted with new tastes and found them good. Then an exotic spice or two found the way into the domestic cooking pot.So many transport amphorae were brought to Rome by trade ships that their shards formed a hill that is still visible today – the Monte Testaccio.

Depiction of a banquet with men on klinai, Greek drinking cup about 480 BC.Baden State Museum Karlsruhe

A Roman snack-bar in Pompey, Italy from the 1st century A Roman snack-bar in Pompey, Italy from the 1st century BC. The simple snack-bars on the street offered quick warm meals.

Monte Testaccio in Rome, Italy. Archeologists estimate that it is formed from shards of 53 million amphorae.

Garum, fish-souce and Maggi:

The famous Gallic warriors Asterix and Obelix simply prepared their speared boars in one

piece over the fire. The Romans, on the other hand, served it fileted in an elegant sauce.

The Roman cookbook author Apicius tells us the recipe: Mix celery seed, dill, caraway, mint,

majoram, thyme, lovage, hazel root, ginger and pepper with the fish fond “Garum”. Stir in

the mortar with vinegar, honey and wine. De re coquinaria (On the art of cooking) VIII, 1,8Garum, fish-souce and Maggi:




Bar-B-Q in ancient times: drawings on Greek vases, like these two examples from the 5th century BC, give a vivant picture how the people barbeque meat over an altar.

Souvlaki – ŞIŞ-KebabSouvlaki – ŞIŞ-KebabSouvlaki – ŞIŞ-KebabSkewered meat, broiled over an open fire, Skewered meat, broiled over an open fire, Skewered meat, broiled over an open fire, has a cross-cultural culinary tradition going back has a cross-cultural culinary tradition going back has a cross-cultural culinary tradition going back has a cross-cultural culinary tradition going back thousands of years. thousands of years.

PizzaPizzaToday’s pizza owes its existence to a cultural exchange. There were no tomatoes in antiquity. Spanish

Today’s pizza owes its existence to a cultural exchange. There were no tomatoes in antiquity. Spanish




seamen brought the first tomatoes from South America in the 16th century. Marcus Porcius Cato




described the “ancient Roman pizza” about 200 BC as a flat bread of flour and olive oil, covered



with spices and a mixture of honey and sheep’s milk cheese before baking.



Dim Sum

The residents of the southern German town of Maulbronn are convinced: Swabian




pasta parcels filled with meat and spinach, were invented in their town. This dish, which is thought



to be oh-so-German, has been protected with an EU Quality Seal. But the true story of the invention



is intercultural! In the 17th century, Italian artisans came to southern Germany with their families

and brought along recipes which they shared with the Germans – among them, stuffed pasta



parcels in broth,

parcels in broth,

parcels in broth, tortellini in brodotortellini in brodotortellini in brodo

where Marco Polo’s ships were unloaded with, among other things, filled noodle parcels from



China, China, China, dim sum: “little treats that touch the heart”.

: “little treats that touch the heart”.

: “little treats that touch the heart”.

Garum

The most popular Roman condiment

The most popular Roman condiment

garum was made of remains of fish in

garum was made of remains of fish in

brine. After tasting it from the Greeks

and the Carthaginians in North Africa,

the Romans adopted the condiment

and spread it over the empire.

Wellness

Water – Source of LifeThe Romans pursued their great pleasure in bathing in the large thermae or the smaller thermae or the smaller thermaebalinea. Both terms are taken from the Greek and point out the origin of cultivated bathing in the Hellenistic east. But the magnificent baths are a Roman specialty. The baths beca-me the dominant form of Roman civilization and life-style.

From Spa to the Wellness CentreOriginally established at places with hot ther-mal springs to promote health and associated with a cult center for Asklepios, the god of healing, the baths soon developed into luxuri-ously-furbished centers of pleasure, education, fitness and a meeting place for everyone. The Roman baths became a success story. They had a cold, warm and hot basin, a sweating bath – almost comparable to a modern sauna – a gymnastics room, a heated rest and mas-sage area. Residents of even the most distant province could enjoy this luxury.After the fall of the Empire, the phenomenon of Roman culture was initially no longer main-tained in some areas. The Islamic cultures, however, adopted the steam bath in the form of the Hamam.Today, Roman style bath culture is enjoying a new boom. Modern society relaxes in temples of wellness and spa-oases.

The Roman thermae in Badenweiler, Southern Germany, are an important bath facility dating from the 1st century AD. The god of the spring guaranteed well-being and even cure.

The Hamam is a steam bath and a further development of the Greco-Roman bath, which the Byzantinians also used.

The Trajan Thermae in Rome, Italy, cover a total area of about 100,000 square meters and could accommodate up to 1000 people at one time. The main cistern holds 7.5 million liters of water.

standing ovations

Cult theatreThe origins of European theater lie in the religious cult-area and go back to the 3rd millennium BC. On Crete, archeologists recently recognized sites of religious plays with theatrical elements in the square areas along the outer walls of the Minoan palaces. The audience watched from the stone steps.

Entertainment for EverybodyIn classical Greece, the theater took on specific constructional elements, like the stage area, skene, or the auditorium, skene, or the auditorium, skene theatron. The Dionysos Theater in Athens, dating from the 5th century BC. is considered the nucleus of the ancient and thus of our modern theater. From there, the art form spread along with the theater architecture throughout the entire ancient Mediterranean area.The themes of the theatrical pieces were increasingly motivated by social criticism, politics and artistry. Only men performed, wearing various masks.

Curtain upThe Romans adopted the theater in its overall conception from the Greeks and spread it throughout the Roman Empire. The theater thus gained enormous popularity and led to a change in public culture and values. Today we find theaters in all cities of the world. The themes of the performances have hardly changed for thousands of years. They are still, as they were then, taken from life and always current.

The best-preserved ancient theater from Roman times is found in Aspendos, southern Turkey. The Seljuk rebuilt it in the 11th century as a caravanserai, thus protecting it from stone theft and decay.

The ancient Dionysos Theater in Athens had room for 17,000 people. Not only the theatrical forms like tragedies or comedies originated in ancient Greece, but also the graded, semicircular auditorium with raised stage in the front as well.

On the north-west edge of the Minoan palace in Knossos, there was a square construction with steps for the au-dience. Perhaps the famous bull-leaping took place here.

The stone bench from the Roman theater of the Roman town Lopodunum, Ladenburg upon Neckar, Germany, Lopodunum, Ladenburg upon Neckar, Germany, Lopodunumbears the inscription of the donor. So he always had a reserved seat.

1stst project-partner: project-partner: Prof. Dr. Athansaia Kanta, Prof. Dr. Athansaia Kanta, Manolis Vrachanakis (23Manolis Vrachanakis (23rd

Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities in Heraklion, Crete, Greece) Products: ‘Guidebook for Cultural Tour Guides’ and ‘The Performance’, a fairy tale for children and adults.

2nd project-partner:Seher Türkmen, Gülcan Demir, Belgin Savaş, Faruk Yılmazer, (Museum Directorate Alanya/Ministery for Culture and Tourism, General Directorate for Cultural Heritage and Museum, Turkey)Product: ‘My Holiday-book’ – a childrens’ book

3rd project-partner: project-partner:Dr. Claudio Parisi-Presicce, Dr. Claudio Parisi-Presicce, Dr. Isabella Damiani, Dr. Klaus Werner(Musei Capitolini – Direzione Musei. Sovraintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali, Roma Capitale)Product: Capitolini.info, NFC enabled website for object-descriptions in museums.

Associated partner: Associated partner: Associated partner: Associated partner: Associated partner: Associated partner: Associated partner: Associated partner: Associated partner: Prof. Dr. Taher Ghalia, Prof. Dr. Taher Ghalia, Prof. Dr. Taher Ghalia, Prof. Dr. Taher Ghalia, Prof. Dr. Taher Ghalia, Prof. Dr. Taher Ghalia, Prof. Dr. Taher Ghalia, Prof. Dr. Taher Ghalia, Prof. Dr. Taher Ghalia, Prof. Dr. Taher Ghalia, Prof. Dr. Taher Ghalia, Prof. Dr. Taher Ghalia, Prof. Dr. Taher Ghalia, Soumaya Gharsallah- Soumaya Gharsallah- Soumaya Gharsallah- Soumaya Gharsallah- Soumaya Gharsallah- Soumaya Gharsallah- Soumaya Gharsallah- Hizem Soumaya Hizem Soumaya Hizem Soumaya Hizem Soumaya Gharsallah-Hizem Gharsallah-Hizem Gharsallah-Hizem Gharsallah-Hizem (Musée du Bardo, (Musée du Bardo, (Musée du Bardo, (Musée du Bardo, (Musée du Bardo, Tunis, Tunisia)

Venue of the Eurolog-Summer School (academic symposium on ‘Inter-cultural competence in Archeology’), April 2012

Project management:Prof. Dr. Harald Siebenmorgen, Dr. Katarina Horst, Angelika Zinsmaier M.A., Alexandra Neuner M.A. (Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe, Deutschland). Products: Eurolog – Europe log – Europe login Dialogue with Antiquity. Travelling-exhibition with guide-booklet.

All Eurolog-products, lectures of the Summer School and further information: www.eurolog-project.eu

The Eurolog-partners and their products

eurolog – europe in dialogue with...

Documents