eunho suh biology of wolbachia and speciation department of entomology
DESCRIPTION
Over 16 % of insects Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera 35 % of terrestrial isopods 6 of 16 species of spider mites and 4 of 7 species of predatory mites 9 of 10 species of filarial nematodes (R. Stouthamer et al ; JH Werren 1997) Distribution of WolbachiaTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Eunho Suh
Biology ofBiology of Wolbachia Wolbachia and Speciationand Speciation
Department of Entomology
![Page 2: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Photo by Stphen L. Dobson(http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Image:Dapi.gif)
Wolbachia sp. in ovarium cells of Rhagoletis cerasi (cherry fruit fly). Photo by S. Bluemel (http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Image:Wg1_image2.jpg)
![Page 3: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Over 16 % of insects
Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera,
Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera
35 % of terrestrial isopods
6 of 16 species of spider mites and 4 of 7 species of predatory mites
9 of 10 species of filarial nematodes
(R. Stouthamer et al. 1999 ; JH Werren 1997)
Distribution of Wolbachia
![Page 4: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Taxonomy and Phylogeny
Bacteria Proteobacteria - subdivisionRickettsialesRickettsiaceae Wolbachieae Wolbachia
A & B groups : insects, mite, and crustaceans : 21 subgroups
C & D groups: filarial nematodes
E group : spring tail (Folsomia candida)
F group : termites
![Page 5: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Phylogenetic Tree of Wolbachia
![Page 6: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
(A. Jeyaprakash and M. A. Hoy 2000)
![Page 7: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Phenotypic Effects on Hosts
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (CI)Parthenogenesis Inducing (PI)FeminizationMale KillingOther Phenomena
![Page 8: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (CI)
Unidirectional CI
![Page 9: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Genetic Variance of CI Wolbachia
4 strains
- mod+ res+ : wild type
- mod+ res- : modification, no rescue
- mod- res+ : no modification, rescue
- mod- res- : no cytoplasmic incompatibility
![Page 10: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
CI inducing mechanism of CI inducing mechanism of WolbachiaWolbachia strains strains
F M
resc+ mod+
resc+ mod-
offspring offspring
offspring
+
+
+
+
mod+
mod-
resc-
resc-
CI
M F
![Page 11: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Factors Influencing CIDensity of Wolbachia: high density of Wolbachia => strong CI expression, high frequency of transmission
Genotype of host: genotype specific Wolbachia strains => different CI expressions or other phenomena in different host genotypes
Strains of Wolbachia: different Wolbachia strains => different CI expression in same host
=> bidirectional CI
![Page 12: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Parthenogenesis Inducing (PI)
Infected females produces infected femaleswithout fertilization
Gamete duplication: no segregation in metaphase in first mitotic division => Diploid
Haplodiploid specific (Hymenoptera spp.)
![Page 13: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Feminization of Genetic Males
Disruption of forming androgenic gland todevelop to males
Feminized males produces offspring
Some isopod species and two Lepidopteran species (Ostrinia furnacalis, O. scapulalis)
![Page 14: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Male Killing
Secondary female biased sex ratios
Wolbachia kills male progeny during embryogenesis
Eliminating competition or providing resources to sibling females that feed dead brothers
Two-spot lady bird(Aldalia bipunctata), African butterfly(Acraea encedon)
![Page 15: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Speciation : CI Wolbachia
Sperm competition: infected sperm shows fitness advantage Tribolium confusum
Longevity : Wolbachia popcorn over-replicates in host tissues => host mortality Drosophila melanogaster
Host fitness effects - Positive and Negative: filarial nematode produce no progeny without Wolbachia reduction in fecundity of Trichogramma deion, T. pretiosum
Other Phenomena
![Page 16: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Applications
Biological Control Using CI
Sterile male release => reduce reproductive potential of pest populations
Bidirectionally incompatible Wolbachia strains => replace the existing population with less-harmful population of same species
![Page 17: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Speciation by WolbachiaInfectious Speciation- M. J. Wade 2001, Nature
![Page 18: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Evidence of Sepication by WolbachiaWolbachia induced incompatibility precedes other hybrid incompatiblities in Nasonia- S. R. Bordenstein et al. 2001, Nature
;Bidrectional incompatibilityBetween Nasonia giraulti and N. longicornis
No evidence of inviability and sterility among F1 hybrid females, and inviability and sterility of F2 hybrid males
![Page 19: Eunho Suh Biology of Wolbachia and Speciation Department of Entomology](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b7c7f8b9ab0599b965a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
THANK YOU