http://www.eubionet.net

Solutions for biomass fuel market barriers and raw material availability-

EUBIONET III 1.9.2008-31.8.2011

Philipp von BothmerAgency for Renewable Resources

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Project objectives

Photos: DTI & Vapo Oy

• To boost sustainable, transparent international biomass fuel trade,

• To secure the most cost efficient and value-adding use of biomass for energy and industry

• To boost investments in best practice technologies and new services on biomass heat sector

Project actions

• Biomass resources, trade and biomass use in new industry sectors,

• Wood fuel prices and price mechanism,

• Sustainability, standards, and legal incentives

• New biomass raw materials,

• Biomass heating and cooling,

• Forest industry and bioenergy

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Project partners

• VTT, Coordinator, Finland• DTI, Denmark• ECB, Slovakia• Ekodoma, Latvia• FNR, Germany• SLU-Bio, Sweden• UPEI VUT, Czech• UMB, Norway• CRA-W, Belgium• FJ-BLT, Austria• AEBIOM, Belgium

• CRES, Greece• UU, Netherlands• UNIFI, Italy• LEI, Lithuania• ICSTM, UK• CBE, Portugal• ApE, Slovenia• AAE, Spain• Subcontractors (Hungary, Ireland,

France, Romania)• Cooperation mit IEA Bioenergy

Task 40

Biomass resources and trade

• Estimated annual biomass potential is 157 Mtoe in EU24 (exluding waste)– Of which 48% is currently utilised– Greatest potential for increased use lies on forest

residues and herbaceous biomass– Pellets use exceed production by 20%

• New industry sectors found for increased biomass use (17 success stories and summary reprot published)– Cement industry, food industry, chemical industry

• Customs statistic CN code (4401 30 20) for wood pellets developed in cooperation with EUROSTAT

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Unexploited agro-industrial biomass residues in EU

• 54 new unexploited agro-industrial residues identifiedestimated annual potential 18–22 million tons drymatter annually – or 270–330 PJ (6.5–7.9 Mtoe)

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Price mechanisms for wood fuels

• Two price surveys in European countries– Pellets, wood chipls, brickettes, log wood

• Vergleich der Verfügbarkeit und Qualität der Holzbrennstoffstatistiken in EU-Ländern

• Report on price mechanisms

• Price index for industrial wood pellets developed in cooperation with Foex Indexes

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Bioenergy and forest industry

• Target to understand the competition situation of woody biomass between forest industry and energy use and the impacts of different policy instruments on wood availability and price level

• To illustrate the competition situation in EU-27, the wood flows were shown in EU and in each country.– Result of EU-27 is shown in next slide

• A large share of bioenergy in Europe originates from by-products and residues from the forest industry, both from mechanical and chemical processing, that are not suitable for further processing for other products.

• A large amount of forest growth is not used, and an estimated annual increment of wood stock is over 300 million solid m3.

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Wood flows in EU27, 2008

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Energy use 240.8 m³ Final products 291.2 m³

Biomass heating and cooling

• About half of the final energy demand is used for heating in EU27

• Biomass used for heating is about 55 Mtoe

• Estimated used of electricity for cooling is 270 TWh

• 35 case studies collected of biomass heating substituting fossil fuels– The potential to reduce CO2 equivalent emissions

range from 90 to 95%, depending on the fuel which is replaced (gas or heating oil), the new biomass fuel and the capacity of the new heating system.

– Average reduction 330 – 410 kg CO2/MWh, maximum 1 020 kg CO2/MWh

• Catalogue of 59 boiler manufacturers collected

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Sustainability

• Evaluated 44 different national or international sustainability criteria for biomass, biofuel and bioenergy– Measuring and quantifying sustainability of bioenergy is a

very complicated issue.– The meaning of sustainability can be defined in different

ways, depending on the context and own values and interests.

– It is almost a philosophical question how to measure something, those three dimensions (environmental, social, and economic) sometimes are even in conflict with each other.

• Questionnaire of sustainability criteria– 475 answers from 34 countries received and 285 used for

analysis

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Results of sustainability questionnaire

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All countries

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Minimization of GHG emissions

Optimization of energy balance

Minimization of deforestation

Conservation of High Conservation Value areas

Minimization of (indirect) land-use changes

Sustaining the yield of the land

Protection of soil quality and quantity

Protection of w ater quality and quantity

Protection of air quality

Minimization of loss of biodiversity

Priority for local food & construction product supply

Priority for energy security

Social w ell-being (labour and human rights compliance)

Minimization of child-labour

Minimization of indirect social and economic impacts

Land-use rights compliance

Local w elfare (improvement local economy)

Effect of the end-use on the local environment

Most relevant Very relevant Relevant Not relevant

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Indication of importance to includesustainability criteria in a Europeanbiomass and bioenergy certificationsystem:

Top 3 (all responses):1. GHG emission reduction2. Optimalisation energy balance3. Water quality and quantity

The stakeholder and country groups show a differencein:

• Degree of importance for criteria and;

• Priorities between criteria.

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Remarks from the questionnaire:

• Do you think that European certification system is needed?– 81% YES (although there are limitations and should be

linked to existing systems and declarations)

• Certification increases the credibility of European certified biomass as renewable energy source:– 83% YES

• Certification stimulates the discussion about certification of biomass use for other non-food (industrial raw) materials and food applications:– 76% YES

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Conclusions I

• Based on the country reports the evaluation report contains 44 appendixes, which describe various national and international systems and initiatives to guarantee the sustainability of biomass

• For the market the variety of the certification systems is confusing

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Conclusions II

• Respondents of the questionnaire stress the need for a level playing field in the market, meaning that the European sustainability requirements for biomass and bioenergy should be extended to other geographical world regions and to other feedstock and renewable energy sources

• The large variety of geographical areas, crops, residues, production processes and end-uses is seen as key area of attention that limits the development towards a harmonized certification system for sustainable biomass and bioenergy

• Many respondents consider the risk for administrative burdens high

• Most important criterion for the stakeholder in our questionnaire was the criterion on the ‘minimization of GHG emissions’

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Conclusions III

• There is an interest for including socio-economic criteria in a certification system for biomass and bioenergy

• The aim should be to develop some basic principles which apply for all agriculture and forestry to guarantee a sustainable land use in aim to produce bioenergy

• It could be even considered not only to expand sustainability certification to all bioenergy, but also to all biomass usage

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• Thank you!

• For questions on EUBIONET 3 and published reports, you can contact Aino Martikainen, a.martikainen@fnr.de

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Forest certifications

• The highest certification rate has Austria, 100 % , followed by Finland, 95%

• Low certification rates in Greece (0,6), Spain (4,5%), Bulgaria (4,8%) and Italy (7,1%)

• Big differences between the systems: Finland almost only PEFC, the Baltic states only FSC

PEFC ha FSC ha Forest and other wooded area ha

% certified of the forest area

58 352 825 26 269 446 188 333 000 44,9%

Results for EU-26

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Forest certifications

• Greenhouse gas emissions not fully covered by the criteria

• Biodiversity issues covered, but without reference date

• No protection of high carbon land

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