ethnobotany. lectures 34–35 - moscow state university...
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Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35
Alexey Shipunov
Minot State University
April 24–26, 2013
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 1 / 60
Outline
1 PharmacognosyPlants for musculosceletal system and skinPlants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 2 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
PharmacognosyPlants for musculosceletal system
and skin
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 3 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Arthritis, rheumatism and muscle pain
Numerous unrelated diseases, from infections to psychologicalAs a result, no general treatment availableMain synthetic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugd (NSAIDs:aspirin, ibuprofen) are cyclo-oxygenases which inhibitprostaglandin synthase enzymes
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 4 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Willows, Salix spp., Salicaceae, Northern Hemisphere
Salicis cortexContains salicylic acidWork much better with stomach than pure salicylis oracetylsalicylis acids (aspirin)
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 5 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Willow
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 6 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Salicylates
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 7 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Meadowsweet, Filipendula ulmaria, Rosaceae,Eurasia
Perennial herb growing in wet places, leaves and flowers are usedContain high amounts of salicylic acid, “aspirin” is a derivarivefrom old name of plant, “spiraea”
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 8 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Meadowsweet
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 9 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Devil’s claw, Harpagophytum procumbens,Pedaliaceae, South Africa
Harpagophyti radixPlant with extremely spiny fruits; roots are collectedContains bitter iridoids harpagide and harpagoside working well inarthritus
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 10 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Devil’s claw
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 11 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 12 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Turmeric, Curcuma domestica, Zingiberaceae, SouthAsia
Curcumae domestuicae rhizomaHerbaceous plant similar to ginger, rhizomes are usedPlant came from Ayurveda and TCMCurcuminoid phenolic compounds are active, antagonist of someinflammatory factors
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 13 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Turmeric
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 14 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Cucrumin
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 15 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, Colchicaceae,Eurasia
Used against gout: severe inflammation of foot joints caused byformation of uric crystalsColchicine is an active compound; extremely toxic!
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 16 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Autumn crocus
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 17 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Colchicine
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 18 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Cold and influenza
Mixture of diseases, anti-inflammatory, antiviral drugs andimmunostimulants are usedDemulcents and emollients used for symptomatic treatment
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 19 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Linden, Tilia spp., Malvaceae, North Hemisphere
Tiliae flosDeciduous trees with insect-pollinated, fragrant flowersActive components are different essentioal oils, polysaccharides;some are capable to bind with inhibitory GABA receptors
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 20 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Linden
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 21 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Coltsfoot, Tussilago farfara, Compositae, Eurasia
Herb with dimorphic leaves and early flowering (both flowers andleaves are used)Main active components are acidic polysaccharides
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 22 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Coltsfoot
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 23 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Common marshmallow, Althaea officinalis, Malvaceae,Eurasia
Althaeae radixHigh herbaceous perennial plantTissues are rich of mucilage polysaccharides and flavonoids
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 24 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Marshmallow
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 25 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Echinacea, Echinacea purpurea and other species,Compositae, North America
Perennial herb, widely used by native tribesContain numerous glycosides and other compounds, e.g.,echinacosideImmunostimulant and anti-allergic plant, often combined withgarlic
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 26 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Echinacea
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 27 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Echinacoside
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 28 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens, Ericaceae,North America
Leaves and stems contain oils rich of methyl salicylatesOften used topically, e.g., for many kinds of muscular pains
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 29 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Wintergreen
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 30 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Red pepper, Capsicum spp., Solanaceae, CentralAmerica
(Already covered)Provides the revulsive effect
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 31 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Skin diseases
Eczema, dry skin, infectious diseases, local inflammation etc.Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and some specific drugs are used
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 32 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Yarrow, Achillea millefolium, Compositae, Eurasia
Perennial plant with dissected leaves, all parts are usedEssential oils and tannins are responsibe for anti-inflammatoryand astringent effects
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 33 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Yarrow
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 34 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Arnica, Arnica montana, Compositae, Eurasia
Perennial mountainous plant from AlpsContain a rich combination of active compounds: proteins,essential oils, sesquiterpene lactons (e.g., helenalin)
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 35 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Arnica
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 36 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Helenalin
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 37 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Aloë vera, Asparagaceae, Africa
African tree with succulent leavesMixture of different components with antibacterial,anti-inflammatory and other effects
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 38 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Aloë vera
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 39 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Calendula, Calendula officinalis, Asteraceae, Eurasia
Herbaceous plant with bright yellow or orange inflorescencesOils, polysaccharides, saponins (like calenduladiol),carotenes—with anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 40 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Calendula
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 41 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Evening primrose, Oenothera spp., Onagraceae,North America
Used by local tribesActive is γ-linolenic acid which has topical anti-inflammatory andanti-eczematic effects
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 42 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Evening primrose
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 43 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
γ-linolenic acid
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 44 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Witch hazel, Hamamelis virginiana, Hamamelidaceae,North America
Shrub with hazel-like leaves and extremely early (or late) floweringLeaves and bark contain tannins with positive astringent effects toskin
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 45 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for musculosceletal system and skin
Witch hazel
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 46 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
PharmacognosyPlants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 47 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Eyebright, Euphrasia spp., Orobanchaceae, Eurasia
Traditional European plant remedyActive components are iridoid glycosides: aucubin, euphrosideetc., lignans and tanninsHelps in conjunctivitis
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 48 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Eyebright
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 49 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Jaborandi leaf, Pilocarpus spp., Rutaceae, SouthAmerica
Contains alkaloid pilocarpineStimulating eye muscles, contracting pupils after atropine; usedagainst glaucoma
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 50 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Jaborandi leaf
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 51 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Pilocarpine
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 52 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Deadly nightshade, Atropa belladonna, Solanaceae,Mediterranean
Contains alkaloid atropineUsed for medical examination to open iris
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 53 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Deadly nightshade
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 54 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Atropine
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 55 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Essential oil plants for nose and orthopharynx
Essential oils are using as antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agentsSage (Salvia officinalis), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) andpeppermint (Mentha × piperita) are most frequently used
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 56 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Clove, Syzygium aromaticum, Myrtaceae, SouthwestAsia
Caryophylli flosFlower buds extremely rich of eugenolUsed also as a culinary spice
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 57 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Clove
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 58 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
Summary
Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and astringent compounds aremost important for treating cold and skin diseases
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 59 / 60
Pharmacognosy Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx
For Further Reading
A. Shipunov.Ethnobotany [Electronic resource].2011—onwards.Mode of access:http://ashipunov.info/shipunov/school/biol_310
M. Heinrich and others.Fundamentals of pharmacognosy amd phytotherapy (selectedchapters). [Electronic resource].Churchhill Livingstone, 2004.Mode of access: http://ashipunov.info/shipunov/school/biol_310/heinrich2004_fund_pharm_part.djvuChapters 19–21.
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lectures 34–35 April 24–26, 2013 60 / 60