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ETHICAL JOURNALISM INITIATIVE
A Campaign to Fight Discriminations through Freedom of Expression
and the Highest Professional Standards of Journalism
Activity Report
Project Name: Ethical Journalism Initiative
Project Code: JUST/2009/FRAC/AG/1127
Project Activity: National conference
Date: 14 & 15 June 2011
Location: Thessaloniki, Greece
Hosting organisation: Journalists' Union of Macedonia and Thrace Daily Newspapers
(ESIEMTH)
I. Participants/Target Group:
The main target groups of the action are local (from different regions in Greece)
journalists, publishers, editors, policy makers, academics and NGOs representatives.
Speakers include representatives from the Government, the Office of the United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees, the UNESCO, minorities groups and news ombudsmen
organisations. They are from a diverse background. Although the ESIEMTH mainly
represents members from the print sector, journalists and editors from across the print,
broadcasting and new media also attended and spoke in the conference. The project
succeeded in fully involving the target groups.
There was a large turnout in the national conference considering the general strike took
place across most cities in Greece on 15 June 2011. Around 64 participants attended the
first day of the conference. Due to the general strike on 15 June, the attendance was
considerably lower; around 52 participants attended the conference. This was due to the
fact that some journalists had to report the general strike.
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The two-day programme covers a comprehensive range of issues (see Annex I –
Conference Programme), from journalism ethics, human right laws, and the self-
regulatory system in the media and discriminations. However, due to the general strike on
15 June, the programme changed slightly (see point II Objectives & Results).
II. Objectives & Results
The national conference was designed to allow all stakeholders to conduct an open
discussion on discrimination issues related to religion, ethnicity and migration in Greece.
It aims to raise awareness on these issues and examine examples of good/bad practice
among stakeholders. It is hoped to help the union develop a national strategy to combat
these issues. Nevertheless, the economic and geo-political situation must be highlighted
in relation to the impact of the activity.
The national conference took place on 14 and 15 June when the political and economic
crises reached its peak. A few months prior to the conference, several strikes took place
across Greece. On 15 June, the Greek public went on a general strike against the
Government’s austerity plans. Public transport was disrupted and demonstrators filled the
streets of Athens, Thessaloniki and other cities across Greece. Journalists were affected
by the austerity plan and scheduled strike actions during the day. The conference on 15
June was delayed until 2 pm due to the disruption caused by the strike. Some journalists
failed to attend the conference because they had to cover the strike.
Despite the strike, participants showed a high degree of enthusiasm and interest in the
conference. They stayed until 9 pm on 15 June to compensate the delay and contribute to
the discussion. On 14 June, the conference began at 9 am and ended at 20 pm. Participants
surveyed (83% of said the preparation was excellent while 27% said it was good)
expressed that the preparation of the conference was excellent despite the strike. All
surveyed participated said their expectation has been met. Most participants found the
conference useful in providing them with networking opportunities and opportunities to
exchange ideas and experience.
Participants shared examples of best practices and initiatives that help prevent prejudice
against minority groups. Some media in Greece are well aware of the danger of ethnic
profiling in reporting. Filios Stagos, the director of the municipal radio station (Municipal
Enterprise of Information, Entertainment and Communication) in Thessaloniki shared a
case where a one-year old girl in a Romanian family was killed by her father. Journalists
at the time reported the murder without highlighting the racial background of the family.
Stagos explained that this was because the journalist was aware of the potential tension
that could cause in the community if he had highlighted the murder’s racial background.
If he reported otherwise, the report could generate hostility among the public towards a
particular ethnic group.
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Taking into account of the economic and political background, participants conclusively
pointed out that the economic crisis has taken its toll on quality journalism in Greece; and
that the crisis affects the media’s capacity when reporting on migration and minority
groups. Participants pointed out that journalists and quality journalism have become the
casualties of the economic crisis. Participants pointed out that sensational reporting on
religious, race and ethnicity issues increased during time of economic crisis. As a result,
minority groups are often being portrayed as scapegoats. The majority of surveyed
participants (72%) said the Greek media coverage of minority groups is negative while
only 11% said the coverage is positive (see Annex II – Survey Results). The majority
(67%) expressed that negative stereotypes of individuals and groups being furthered by
the media. In addition, when asked how often journalists and editors cover issues on race,
ethnicity and religious groups, some said that they seldom cover these issues and when
they are covered, they seldom quote the minority groups. Some participants explained
that this is because the media, in particular, broadcasters, are more inclined to populist
and extremist view due to commercial and political pressure.
The discussion effectively showed that discriminations and biased media coverage on
minority groups are furthered and intensified by the economic crisis. Against this
background, it should be highlighted that the economic situation in Greece would limit
the impact of the conference. Although most participants agreed that the media and
journalists have the responsibilities to raise public awareness of discrimination existing in
societies and achieve social justice through fair and accurate reporting, a majority said
they would not change the way they report/see issues on race, ethnicity and religious
groups. This could be explained by the fact that some journalists said they are under
constant pressure to produce sensational journalism in order to attract more readerships.
The economic hardship has put more pressure on journalists and editors to seek for
sensational journalism.
Nevertheless, it should also be pointed that most participants have a certain degree of
awareness of different minority groups and the problems associated with discriminations
in Greek society. It was pointed out that institutional racism is more prominent in Greek
society and state policies for education, health and social welfare are often hostile to
immigrants and refugees. For instance, there are only a few journalists from minority
background partly due to the lack of opportunities for education. In the case of refugees,
they are often refused to receive education because of their status. Newspapers written in
minority languages often struggle to survive because of the lack of funding and public
appeal. It evidently shows that the scale of the problem go beyond the limit of the action.
Further, participants showed a growing concern over the abuse of the new media as a way
to deepen social prejudice towards minority groups. It was pointed out that there is a lack
of regulation for online media where ethical codes present no enforcing power. In
addition, it was difficult for the public to differentiate professional journalists from
amateur journalists in the online environment. Participants agreed that there should be a
regulatory framework that can apply the ethical codes to both traditional and new media.
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The two-day conference was broadcasted live through the ESIEMTH Chanel. Journalists
from the public television broadcaster ET3 reported the conference and part of the
conference and interviews were broadcasted at ET3 in Thessaloniki, Greece.
III. Conclusions/Recommendations/Future Strategies
Despite the economic hardship and the unstable political situation, the conference
succeeded in engaging different stakeholders at national level (journalists, editors,
publishers, civil society groups and the state). Some good initiatives and examples of best
practices were shared. The discussion led to the following conclusions and
recommendations:
1. Economic crisis – Participants highlighted the fact that the economic crisis has
taken its toll on quality journalism in Greece and is affecting media’s capacity
when reporting on minority groups.
2. Better collaboration between journalists and publishers – Journalists struggle
to follow the ethical codes if what editors and publishers demand is contradictory
to the code. Publishers and editors should adhere to the ethical codes and
responsibilities shared by journalists.
3. The challenge of new media – There is a need to integrate the new media into the
current regulatory framework in order to maintain the standard of journalism. It
was pointed out that the new media is increasingly abused by both professional
and amateur journalists and editors to incite hatred and express extreme views
because it currently lacks regulation.
4. A diverse source of information – Journalists and editors should always present
a diverse source of information and quote the relevant groups as frequent as
possible.
5. Better the regulatory framework – Participants call for a better regulatory
framework that can regulate both private and public media. Private media should
share the same responsibilities and requirement as those of public media.
6. Research & terminology – There is a lack of research and fact-checking being
done by journalists. This is partly due to the economic pressured faced by
journalists. The other reason is that discriminatory terminologies such as “Gypsy”,
“Pomaks” are continued to be used to refer to certain minority groups. This leads
to the next point – the need for more education and training.
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7. Education and training –There is a need for more training among the media
professionals on ethnic minority, migration and religious issues, as well as
national and European law on human rights, discrimination and freedom of
expression. More education and training opportunities should also be created for
journalists from minority background.
8. Funding – Current economic crisis contributed to the declining journalism
standard and more sensational journalism emerged. There is a need to rethink
about the funding system in journalism.
9. State policy – The state should institute measures for combating discrimination
and racism.
Yuk Lan Wong
30 June 2011, Brussels
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IV. Annexes
1 Conference Agenda
«ETHICAL JOURNALISM INITIATIVE»
A Campaign to Fight Discrimination through Freedom of Expression
and the Highest Professional Standards of Journalism
C O N F E R E N C E 14 & 15 June 2011
ESIEMTH Conference Hall, Thessaloniki
PROGRAMME – THEMATIC SESSIONS
TUESDAY 14 JUNE 2011
08.45 – 09.15 REGISTRATION
09.15 – 09.30 WELCOME ADDRESS
Christina Chaleplidou, Vice-President of ESIEMTH
09.30 – 9.45 THE STATE’S POINT OF VIEW
George Petalotis, Assistant Minister to the Prime Minister and Government
Spokesperson (via webcast)
09.45 - 11.00 The Ethical Journalism Initiative
Moderator: Yannis Kotsifos, ESIEMTH Executive Director
Key speakers:
Yuk Lan Wong, European Federation of Journalists
Milica Pesic. Media Diversity Institute
Sejal Parmar, Article 19
Speakers:
Natassa Bozini, board member of the Panhellenic Federation of Journalists’
Unions (POESY)
Hasan Badawi, Assistant Professor in the Department of Ancient Greek, Roman,
Byzantine, and Medieval History
“The Journalistic word and the timeless human values”
Vasilis Soliopoulos, Journalist, ESIEMTH
Front pages and TV news: The aftermath of a murder”
11.00– 11.45 Journalists’ Unions and Journalism Ethics
Journalists provide their own perspective on issues of discrimination and examine
the efficacy of the Journalism Code of Ethics.
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Moderator: Anastasios Fokianides, ESIEMTH Secretary-General
Key speakers:
Evi Demiri, journalist, board member of the Greek National Council for Radio and
Television (NCRTV)
Nikos Aslanides, member of the ESIEMTH Ethics Board
Pavlos Nerantzis, journalist, Director of ERT-3 Radio
11.45 – 12.15 COFFEE BREAK (Fourth Floor – ESIEMTH Terrace)
“The lands we left behind”
Showing unpublished photographs from the war fronts in Iraq, Afghanistan and
Lebanon. The material belongs to a refugee who now resides in Thessaloniki.
12.15 – 14.00 The European framework and the Greek reality
This section explores the various political, legal and institutional aspects of the
European framework against discrimination, while it also showcases the most
recent national developments in terms of government policy and institutions
affecting media conduct.
Moderator: Stratis Mavraganis, ESIEMTH Legal Counsel
12.15-13.15 Key speakers:
Andreas Takis, Secretary General of Migration Policy, Ministry of Interior,
Decentralisation and E-government
Vasilis Karydis, Deputy Ombudsman for Human Rights, Professor of
Criminological Sciences and Immigration Policy, University of the Peloponnese
Nikos Paraskevopoulos, Dean of the Law Faculty of the Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki
Yianna Panagopoulou, First Vice-President, Thessaloniki Bar Association
Konstantinos Tsitselikis, Assistant Professor, University of Macedonia
Kalliopi Chainoglou UNESCO Chair of Intercultural Policy, Lecturer of
International and European Institutions, University of Macedonia
13.15-14.00
Speakers:
Ioannis Manoledakis, Professor Emeritus at the Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Athens Nicholas Kountouris, Political Scientist, PhD, Institut d'études politiques d’Aix-
en Provence (France)
Ioanna Kostopoulou, student, Mass Media and Journalism Department
14.00 – 15.00 LUNCH
15.00 – 16.30 Immigration waves and journalism
This section opens the debate on the impact borne onto journalism by the massive
emigration wave to Greece of recent years.
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Moderator: Despina Syrri, Sociologist – researcher at the University of
Macedonia
15.00-15.50 Key speakers:
Costis Papaioannou, President of the Greek National Commission for Human
Rights
Antonis Spathis, Office of the UNHCR in Greece
George Tsiakalos, Professor, Department of Primary Education, Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki
Vasilis Premidis, Journalist, city of Orestiada
Yannis Sidiropoulos, Journalist, city of Xanthi
15.50-16.30
This session will examine changes noted in multicultural education, refugee
reception and cultural diversity, while it will also address the journalists’ stance in
this shifting landscape.
Speakers
Roula Tsokalidou: Assistant Professor, Department of Early Childhood
Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Evi Markou: Polydromo group for bilingualism and multiculturalism in education
and society
Andromachi Besiri, Arsis Youth Support Group
Nikos Nikisianis, Antiracist Initiative
16.30 – 17.00 COFFEE BREAK
17.00 – 20.00 Human Rights: Flagrant violations and subtleties
This section features delegates of relevant organizations and individuals of
various ethnicities who were introduced to the European environment in Greece.
Concurrently, representatives of ethnic and religious groups who have a long-
standing history in Greece present their own perspective on discrimination.
Moderator: Christos Zafiris, Vice-President of ESIEMTH’s Cultural Foundation
Key speakers:
Nikos Zaikos: Assistant Professor of International Law, University of Western
Macedonia “Anti-semitism in the Press: Legal dimensions”
Sami Karabougioukoglou, Journalist from the city of Komotini
Chripsime Charoutanian, Chief Editor of Azat Or, Armenian language daily
newspaper published in Athens
Iris Hajdinaj, Secretary General - Association of Albanian Immigrants “Mother
Tereza”
Roxanne Kostatziki, Attorney at Law
Eleni Diafotidou, Publisher of Empros newspaper in Xanthi
21.00 DINNER
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WEDNESDAY 15 JUNE 2011
14.00 – 14.30 BUFFET LUNCH (ESIEMTH Fourth Floor)
14.30-15.45 Journalists in Action: How we can work together
This section examines best practices adopted in other European countries and
utilizes the experiences of numerous journalists, in order to arrive at more
expansive initiatives and collaborations with international organizations and
NGOs.
Moderator: Lazaros Chatzinakos, Journalist, ESIEMTH
Key speakers:
Takis Kampylis, Director General of «Athina 9,84» radio station
Filios Stagos, Director General of Municipal Enterprise of Information,
Entertainment and Communication – Thessaloniki (TV100 and FM100)
Kaki Balli, Journalist, Aggelioforos newspaper
Panos Polyzoides, Journalist «Vima FM»
Yannis Boutselis, Attorney at Law, Journalist
15.45 – 17.00 New Media: The Internet challenge
In the new landscape being formed by the social media, we will seek the
journalists’ input in addressing extremist content published on the Internet,
perpetuating discrimination and racist points of view. The session also examines
cases where the New Media shed light on instances of racist behaviours and
resulted in political reactions.
Moderator: Vasilis Kontogoulidis, ESIEMTH Board Member
Key speakers:
Natassa Bozini, board member of the Panhellenic Federation of Journalists’
Unions (POESY)
Nikos Sotiriadis, President of ΕΡΤ-3
Nikos Moumouris, Journalist, director of enet.gr
Takis Lainas, Journalist, Reporter.gr
Andreas Panagopoulos, Journalist, Blogger
17.00 – 17.15 COFFEE BREAK
17.15 – 18.15 Southern Europe: Are there common journalistic answers?
This section attempts to diagnose the impact borne onto Southern Europe by the
subverted regimes in North Africa and the tension in the Middle East, coupled by
the worsening economic crisis in Greece. The section explores the journalists’
level of knowledge and awareness for these issues.
Moderator: Pantelis Savidis, Journalist
Key speakers:
Ioannis Mazis, professor of Geopolitics, University of Athens
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Phoebus Apostolopoulos, Geopolitical analyst
Aref Alobeid, PhD, Department of Political Science and History, Panteion
University. Teacher at the Hellenic Army Academy.
18.15 – 19.15 Refugees tell their own stories
Refugees unfold their stories of their travel to Greece and present their own
picture of Europe and its structures.
Key Speakers:
Antonis Spathis, Office of the UNHCR in Greece
Efi Gelastopoulou, Social worker, Greek Council for Refugees, Thessaloniki
Bureau
George Daphnis, Attorney at Law, Greek Council for Refugees
19.15-21.00 OPEN DISCUSSION - CONCLUSIONS
This session will give the opportunity to all the participants to contribute to the
conference with their comments and recommendations.
The working languages of the conference are Greek and English (with simultaneous interpretation).
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2 Questionnaire
A total number of 18 participants answered the questionnaire below.
Ethical Journalism Initiative Evaluation Questionnaire
Please answer the following questions and select the appropriate answers.
Name: ___________________________________________________________
Job title: _________________________________________________________
Organisation:
________________________________________________________________
1. What do you think of the preparation of the conference?
1) Excellent
15/18
2) Good 3/18
3) Average
4) Poor
5) Very poor
2. Was there sufficient space for participants to contribute to
the discussion
1) Yes 16/18
2) No 2/18
3. Did you receive sufficient information regarding the
conference?
1) Too much
1/18
2) Sufficient
16/18
3) Too little
4) No
information
4. What do you expect from the conference?
1) Nothing
2) Networking
4/18
3) Exchange
ideas and
experience
17/18
4) Contribute to
the debate
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4/18
5. Has your expectation been met? 1) Yes 18/18
2) No
6. Do you think the conference will change the way your
report/see issues on race, ethnicity and religious groups? If
yes, how?
Reasons:
1. To find more sources to support the fact
2. To change with the good knowledge of the issue
3.
1) Yes 5/18
2) No 11/18
7. According to your knowledge, what are the minority
communities in Greece? Please name at least three
communities.
1)
1) refugees
2) Immigratns
3) Roma
4) Homosexual
5) Pomaks
(Bulgarian)
6) New poor
7) Albanian
8) Muslims
9) Turks-Muslim
10) Macedonian
11) Atheists
12) Non-Greek
speakers
13) Africans
14) Jewish
15) Armenian
16) Arabs
17) The
Philippines
8. In your opinion, how frequent does the media cover issues
on race, ethnicity and religious groups in Greece?
1) Very frequent
2) Frequent
5/18
3) Average 9/18
4) Rarely 3/18
5) Never
9. What do you think of the media coverage of issues on race,
ethnicity and religious groups in Greece?
1) Positive
2) Mostly
positive 2/18
3) Neutral 5/18
4) Negative 8/18
5) Mostly
negative 5/18
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10. For journalists/editors only
a. How often do you report on issues related to race,
ethnicity and religious groups in Greece?
b. How often do you quote them?
a.1) always
2) sometimes
7/18
3) seldom 5/18
4) never
b.1) always 1/18
2) sometimes
5/18
3) seldom 3/18
4) never
11. In your view, what are the responsibilities and the role of
the media in these matters? (Combating discrimination and
promoting equality and diversity as well as intercultural and
interreligious understanding and dialogue)
1) combat
discrimination
7/18
2) raise public
awareness 6
3) report the fact
12/18
4) achieve social
justice 2/18
5) Others 1/18
12. In your opinion, are negative stereotypes of individuals and
groups being furthered by the media?
- populism/lack of a less greek-centre thought
- using the wrong terminology
- inadequate coverage of the issue
- poor knowledge of the minority groups
1) Yes. Reasons:
12/18
2) No 2/18
13. What is your view on the ways you can improve reporting on
issues concerning race and ethnicity or religion?
- Being aware of the power of the words and avoid
discriminating others
- The impact of the reality and daily life of the group
- Positive discrimination
- Banning ethnic profiling
- More journalists coming from the minority communities
- Raise awareness among journalists
- Combat stereotypes of the minority groups by reporting
the facts in an objective way
- More transparency from the authorities
14. What is your knowledge of laws and policies at the EU level
which prohibit discrimination on the grounds of race and
1) Excellent
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ethnicity or religion? 2/18
2) Very good
5/18
3) Good 10/18
4) Poor 1/18
5) Very poor
15. What is your knowledge of the following particular aspects
of EU law? (For each of them, please tell me on a scale of 1
to 5 how much you know. 1 stands for excellent ,2 very good
knowledge, 3 good, 4 poor, 5 very poor: )
a. provisions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights for
the EU concerning non-discrimination (Articles 20-
26);
b. Article 19 of the Treaty on European Union giving
the EU competence to take appropriate action to
combat discrimination on the grounds of, inter alia,
race, ethnicity and religion;
c. the EU Racial Equality Directive (2000/43/EC)
against discrimination on grounds of race or ethnic
origin in areas including employment and training,
education, social protection and access to goods and
services; the Employment Framework Directive
(2000/78/EC) against discrimination at work on
grounds of, inter alia, religion?
(a) 1 2 3 4 5
2 2 12 1 1
(b) 1 2 3 4 5
2 1 9 5
(c) 1 2 3 4 5
2 3 8 2 1
16. What is your knowledge of similar laws and policies at the
national level?
1) Excellent
2/18
2) Very good
5/18
3) Good 7/18
4) Poor 2/18
5) Very poor
1/18
17. Do you know of any bodies or organisations which aim to
promote equality? If YES, please name the organisation.
Name of the organisation:
1. Many NGOs
2. UNESCO
3. Many others
Yes 9/18
No 3/18
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This conference is hosted by the Journalists' Union of Macedonia and
Thrace Daily Newspapers with the financial support from the European
Union's Fundamental Rights and Citizenship Programme.
4. Helsinki
5. Anti-racist organisations
6. Children’s smile
7. Anti-racism initiative
8. Ombudsman
9. Council of Europe