ethernet and tcp/ip (basic information) a.klepper – 01/04/11 rev.a 3.1
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Ethernet and TCP/IP(Basic information)
A.Klepper – 01/04/11 Rev.A
3.1
A.Klepper – 01/04/11 Rev.A 2
Ethernet =
Is a family of computer networking technologies for Local Area Networks (LAN).
TCP/IP=
TCP/IP is a set of communication protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks. It is named from two of the most important protocols in IT: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the
Internet Protocol (IP).
Ethernet and TCP/IP
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Ethernet-standards
Ethernet is the most known used network standard.
The first variants had a transmission rate of 10 Mbit/s (10BaseT)
The current variants work with 100 Mbit/s (100 BaseT) or 1000 Mbit/s (Gigabit Ethernet).
Each ethernet device has an own ethernet-address,
named MAC-ID (or Node number) for identifcation.
Structure: 6-Byte Hex e.g.: 00-C0-4D-01-28-5B
The first 3 Hex-values describes the manufacturer code,
the last 3 Hex-values are a continuously number.
PC
MAC-ID: 00-C0-4D-01-28-5B
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TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
- The standard port is a LAN-Port with RJ45 connection for CAT6 cable:
- Structure of a TCP/IP data package:
RJ45LAN-Port
- TCP/IP is the most used transmission protocol between network devices, like PCs and LAN-based periphery (Router, Printer) etc.
TCP/IP
CAT6 cable
User data
IP-address IP-addressSynchronisation e.g. IP
192.168.1.150 192.168.1.200
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TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
Logical addressing of the TCP/IP devices:
Each device in a ethernet with TCP/IP needs for the transmission a
1. Different logical IP-address,
2. Subnetmask
3. Standardgateway
Screenshot of Windows Networksettings
(only necessary for routing in other subnets)
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TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
1. IP-Address:
Structure: XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX (32Bit value with typ. Dot-Notation)
Valid address area 000.000.000.000 to 255.255.255.255
e.g.: 192.168.001.200
IP: 192.168.1.150
Example:
IP: 192.168.1.160
8-fold
LAN-switch
small PC-network
PC1
PC2 PC3
IP: 192.168.1.170
PC4
IP: 192.168.1.180
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2. Subnetmask :Normally the ethernet is designed for different networks which are connected together. So the network-classification was created.
For this the IP-addresses are subdivided in Net-ID and Host-ID. The Net-ID describes the possible numbers of subnets, and the Host-ID describes the possible no. of devices in the subnet.
A Subnet-Mask defines the Net-ID and Host-ID of the IP-address.
Structure of the Subnet-Mask:
255.0.0.0 (Class A)
255.255.0.0 (Class B)
255.255.255.0 (Class C)
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
Definition of the possible nets and hosts: (Example)
Class B
Subnet: 255 . 255 . 0 . 0Possible IP-addresses: 192 . 168 . 001-255 . 001-255
Net ID Host ID
Class C
Subnet: 255 . 255 . 255 . 0Possible IP-addresses: 192 . 168 . 150 . 001 - 255
Possible IP-addresses
Net ID Host ID
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TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
Subnet A Subnet B
3. Standardgateway :The Standardgateway allows a routing between different subnets. For this a gateway (e.g.router) must be installed, with a gateway address. This address must filled in the Standardgateway of each device:
Gateway 1 Gateway 2Range: 192.168.1.2 - 255
192.168.1.1 192.172.3.1
Range: 192.172.3.2 - 255
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TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol):
Typical in company networks are dynamic addressing system via
a DHCP-server, which provide the IP-address after network-login:
Obtain IP-address automatically
Important note in use of the CG-S/IP-Interface:
A static IP-address is necessary!
It is possible to get a static IP-adress via
the dhcp-server. (IT-department)
Screenshot of Windows Networksettings
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Repeater
Switch
SwitchSwitch
RepeaterS
S
S
S
S
S
SS
S
R
R
R
R
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Switch
Typical structure of a local company network based on the ethernet networking technology:
NAT = Network Access Translation
WIN-Server Firewall (NAT-Router)
W W W.Internet
LAN-Local Area NetworkIntranet with TCP/IP
Workplace 1
Workplace 2
Workplace x
LAN
Ethernet (LAN) – Local company computer network
Mail-Server
IP: 195.170.12.55Subnet: 255.255.0.0
IP: 195.170.15.70Subnet: 255.255.0.0
IP: 195.170.35.230Subnet: 255.255.0.0
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Ethernet – Decentral Intranet company network
r
Location U.K.
r
Location Germany
VPN
WWWInternet
VPN = Virtual Private Network Tunnel through the WWW
Typical structure of a intranet company network, with decentral locations: