Esther Johnson and Julia BeasyProject report

STS390, “Media, war and peace”

Spring session, 2008

Science, Technology & Society

University of Wollongong

The report has two parts.

1. A response pack for an actual organisation. This is not an official document and does not necessarily represent the views of the organisation.

Esther Johnson and Julia Beasy’s jointly produced response pack for the Salvation Army starts on the next slide. It can be accompanied by a sound track, available as a separate file.

2. A dialogue between two students discussing the project. This dialogue is fictional. Pseudonyms were used so that the marker, Brian Martin, would not know the identity of student authors.

Esther Johnson and Julia Beasy wrote individual dialogues. These are available as separate files.

Human Trafficking and

The Salvation Army

What is Human Trafficking?

Human Trafficking is the transportation of persons by means of threat or use of force for the purpose of exploitation.1

Human Trafficking is a Modern Form of Slavery

This includes: Sexual servitude Domestic labour Sweatshop and agricultural labour2,3

A Scary Situation…

The risk of sexual assault is heightened in all forms of trafficking because the victim is vulnerable and isolated whilst the perpetrator is in a position of control.4

How does it happen?

Organisations approach potential victims with offers of employment,

modelling contracts and marriages.5

These appeal to victims because they promise a better life than to what they

are experiencing.6, 7

Who does it affect?

The US Department of State estimates: Approximately 50% of victims are children8

70% to 80% are female9, 10

Who are most vulnerable?

Women living in povertyOrphans

Young children11, 12

Case Study: Layla

At the age of 11, Layla was smuggled out of Africa into the United States in 1988.13

She was forced to raise the two children of her captor as well as doing household chores without pay.13

During this time she was repeatedly raped.13,14

Her captor was arrested and pled guilty to rape charge in 1992.15

The captor’s colleagues raised funds to assist his court case. 15

With no family or friends, Layla had no support and no money was raised for her. 15,

16,17

Layla’s Story cont’d…

History of Legislation

In 1807 the slave trade was officially abolished in Britain.18

But it wasn’t until 1948 that the UN explicitly banned slavery, which includes human trafficking, through the Declaration of Human Rights. 18

History of Legislation

In 2000 the UN adopted the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. 19

This included two protocols regarding trafficking persons and the smuggling of migrants.20, 21

Legislation In Australia

On 13 October 2003, the Federal Government introduced three particular codes for the Australian Federal Police to investigate and help victims of human trafficking. These codes address: – Slavery– Sexual Servitude and Deceptive Recruiting– Trafficking in Persons and Debt Bondage22, 23

But Legislation does not solve everything…

Human Trafficking as a Global Issue

Over 2 million people are trafficked per year.24

Currently an estimated 27 million people worldwide are in forced labour, debt-bondage and servitude. 25, 26

A Criminal and Money Making Business

Human Trafficking is a worldwide criminal business of $10 billion per

year.27, 28

 

Where do the victims go?

Some of the leading countries that are recipients of human trafficking are:– Italy – The United States – Germany – The Netherlands 29

But Human Trafficking does not just occur in Overseas

Countries.

It’s happening right here…

Human Trafficking in Australia

It is estimated that up to 100 people are trafficked into Australia each year.30, 31

Human Trafficking in Australia

In 1995 The Australian Federal Police estimated that there are up to 500 trafficked women in debt bonded prostitution in Sydney at any one time.32

Victims come to Australia from…

Poor Asian countriesEastern Europe

India33, 34

Why individuals are trafficked to Australia

The demand for trafficked women in Australia is fuelled by:– A lack of women in Australia prepared to do

prostitution– ‘Customer' demand for women seen as compliant– ‘Customer' demand for women who they can be

violent towards35

So why should you care?

Social Injustice

Social injustice causes harm to powerless individuals because of their negative group identity.36

Social Justice

Social justice is the distribution of benefits such as wages, legal rights, housing and medicine.37

It is the protection of human rights. 37

We Are All Equal

Every human being, irrespective of nationality, is equally entitled to dignity and worth.38

Human rights ensures that every human being receives this dignity and this worth. 38

Human Trafficking strips individuals from the dignity and worth they are entitled to as human beings. 38

The United Nations

The United Nations believe that it is important to protect human rights by the rule of law in an attempt to bring equality across the race of human beings.39

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude;

slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.40

Human Trafficking Breaks Article 4

Layla’s experience was one of slavery and servitude underneath her captor.41

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to

cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 42

Human Trafficking Breaks Article 5

Layla’s experience involved her being repeatedly raped by her

captor.43, 44

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Article 23.1 Everyone has the right to work, to free choice

of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. 45

Human Trafficking Breaks Article 23.1

Layla was forced to work in conditions she did not consent to at the age of eleven.46

Layla was forced to work without pay.46

Women are denied the right to refuse any customers or any sexual act.47

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Article 24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure,

including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.48

Human Trafficking Breaks Article 24

Layla was forced to work around the clock and without holidays.49, 50

Now you understand the problem, I bet you’re

wondering what is being done.

What is The Salvation Army doing about human trafficking?

The Samaritan Accommodation victim rehabilitation houses

Stop The Traffik campaigns

The Samaritan Accommodation

The Samaritan Accommodation assists women who have been victims of Human Trafficking, slavery and/ or

slavery-like practices.50

Samaritan Accommodation Services

Samaritan Accommodation provides apartments and support for women aged 18+ for up to 12 months.51

The service is staffed 24 hours, 7 days a week to help residents with their needs.51, 52

Stop The Traffik

The Salvation Army joined with World Vision to launch an awareness campaign known as Stop The Traffik.53

Stop The Traffik educates, advocates and fundraises.53

Education

Educate: Create awareness and understanding of the issue of human trafficking– Stop The Traffik awareness packs – Various events and conferences54, 55

Advocate: Appeal to the powerful eg. the government and the police.– A petition was signed by over 1.5 million people

and presented to the United Nations to: PREVENT THE SALE OF PEOPLE PROTECT THE VICTIMS PROSECUTE THE TRAFFICKERS 56

Advocacy

Fundraising

Fundraise: Financing anti-trafficking work– Selling of Merchandise

T-ShirtsWristbandsKeyrings57, 58

A Salvation Army rescue case

Mary, a 19-year old female from Mexico was a victim of human trafficking.59

She was forced to work without pay and repeatedly verbally and sexually abused.59

The Salvation Army have helped her by providing shelter, counselling, clothing, food and legal advocacy services. 59, 60

Do you remember Layla?

Layla was alone in America without any financial or moral support.61

Mary, however, was not alone because she had the support of The Salvation Army for her recovery.62

The Salvation Army

The Salvation Army are proactive in providing assistance to victims and working with authorities to prevent further instances of Human Trafficking.

What still needs to be done?

How can you, as a member of the church, help?

Create awareness Financially Be active Pray

Create Awareness and Be Educated

Become informed about Human Trafficking Get involved in campaigns Discuss what you learn with others Visit these websites for information:

– Stop Human Traffic http://www.stophumantraffic.com

– Stop The Traffikhttp://www.stopthetraffik.org

Financial Assistance

Buy merchandise and/or donate to the Stop The Traffik campaign http://www.stopthetraffik.org/getinvolved/donate.aspx 63

Be Active

Organise a fundraiser and then donate the money – Send to Stop The Traffik

http://www.stopthetraffik.org/getinvolved/donate.aspx

– Or, send to The Salvation Army Communication and Public Relations Department specifying it for anti-human trafficking purposes

www.salvos.org.au64

Be Active

Assist the Australian Federal Police in combating this global problem. Visit: http://www.afp.gov.au/international/human_trafficking.html 65, 66

Pray

Pray for people who are at risk of being trafficked

Pray for sexually trafficked persons Pray for traffickers Pray for people fighting sexual trafficking 67

For Further Information Please Contact The Salvation Army Services

The Samaritan House:– Telephone: 02 9211 579468

Stop The Traffik:– Website: http://www.stopthetraffik.org/

The Salvation Army Communications and Public Relations Department for donations– www.salvos.org.au

References

Africans in America, Inc, Case Study #2 - Continental African female, accessed 1 October 2008, http://www.aiainc.org/a/p/case/case0002.html

Australian Federal Police 2008, Stopping Human Trafficking, accessed 15 October 2008, http://www.afp.gov.au/international/human_trafficking.html,

Fergus, Lara 2005, “Trafficking in women for sexual exploitation”, Australian centre for the study of sexual assault, n5, pp1-44.

Hodge, David R 2007, “Social justice and people of faith: A transnational perspective”, Social Work, v52, n2, pp139-148.

Hodge, David R 2008 “Sexual Trafficking in the United States: A domestic problem with transnational dimensions”, Social Work, v53, n2 pp143-154.

Humantrafficking.org, accessed 14 October 2008, http://www.humantrafficking.org

Miller, David 1976, Social Justice, Oxford University Press, London.

References cont’d…

Simon, Thomas W 1995, Democracy and Social Injustice: Law, Politics, and Philosophy, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc, London.

Stop The Traffik, 2006, accessed 8 October 2008, http://www.stopthetraffik.org/about/who/

The Salvation Army, Samaritan Accommodation, accessed 22 October 2008, http://www.antislavery.org.au/pdf/sa_brochure.pdf

The Salvation Army, 2007, Stop The Traffik, accessed 1 October 2008, http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/SALV/STANDARD/PC_61644.html

The Salvation Army, Stop Human Trafficking, accessed 8 October, http://www.stophumantraffic.com

United Nations Department of Public Information. http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/eng.htm. Accessed October 14 2008.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2008, The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols accessed 14 October 2008, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CTOC/index.html

References for Images

http://www.advance.org/en/cev/502 http://www.australiaadventures.com/australia_map.htm http://www.csu.edu.au/about/maps/nswmap.html http://emptyfield.com/blog/2007/11/human-trafficking-images-

of.html http://exquwchs.googlepages.com/fundraisers http://heavenawaits.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/prayer1.jpg http://www.hrea.org/erc/Library/First_Steps/index_eng.html http://www.istockphoto.com/file_closeup/object/

3764960_australian_money.php?id=3764960

References for Images cont’d…

http://jurmo.us/2007/02/20/education-2dot0/ http://osocio.org/message/top_jobs_abroad/ www.sflifeandjustice.org/human%20trafficking.html http://solair.eunet.yu/~pokret/movement.html http://www.tradethemovie.com/images/trade_23.jpg http://traffickingproject.blogspot.com/2007/11/scotland-

provides-support-to.html http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/drip.html http://www.workingholidaycentre.com/

working_holiday_centre_tax_refunds.html http://www.worldmapsonline.com/classroommaps/

starter_maps.htm