Georgia Performance Standards:Use standard safety practices for all classroom laboratory and field investigations.

Essential Question: How do biologists work safely?

Inro. Day 1

Students will complete the info sheet

Explain Syllabus

Explain Lab Safety Contract

Show the location of emergency equipment.

Warm-up:

Read through safety scenarios. (posted on a transparency)

Students will discuss the correct and incorrect procedures

Safety Lab:

Students will complete the recognizing lab safety lab in groups and discuss answers with teacher via teacher-lead guided discussion

Georgia Performance Standards: Evaluate how scientific knowledge is

developed, how the process of science is used, and be able to analyze new material relative to past scientific knowledge and processes.

Essential Questions: What is science? What are common scientific methods? What are laws, theories and

hypotheses? How are experiments conducted?

The Nature of Science:

What is Science?

An organized why of using evidence to learn about the natural world.

What is the Goal of Science?

To investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.

Scientific Method:

How scientists workthe organized process scientists use to investigate the natural world

Start with a question, or problem

Observations are made to gather evidence (data)

Quantitative = numerical observations Qualitative = descriptive observations

Interpret Evidence Scientists make inferences, or logical

guesses to explain observations

Explaining Evidence (Data) by Forming a Hypothesis

Hypotheses, or educated guesses are used to explain the evidence (data)

A hypothesis can be tested through a controlled experiment

A tested hypothesis has value in science because it helps scientists advance in scientific knowledge.

Set up a Controlled Experiment

Only one variable in changed at a time, and everything else is constant, or does not change.

Manipulated variable = changes on purpose (Independent variable)

Responding variable = changes in response to something (Dependent variable)

Drawing Conclusions

Use data from a controlled experiment to evaluate the hypothesis and draw a valid conclusion

Controlled experiments must be able to be repeated.

Scientists repeat results to be sure that the results match those already obtained.

Hypothesis & Theories:

Hypotheses (Educated guess) often cause scientists to develop new experiments that produce additional data

Theory (well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations) testing, revising and

occasionally rejecting new and old theories never ends.

no theory is considered absolute truth

Results & Conclusions:

Recording and Analyzing Results

Tables, charts, graphs

Journals, lab notebooks

Drawing Conclusions Use data from a

controlled experiment to evaluate the hypothesis and draw a valid conclusion

Designing an ExperimentSection 1-2

Flowchart

Go to Section:

State the Problem

Form a Hypothesis

Set Up a Controlled Experiment

Record Results

Analyze Results

Draw a Conclusion

Publish Results

ACTVITY

Identifying experiment variables activity

Tools & Procedures

Tools play a major role in science.

A common system of measurement i replicate needed to replicate experiments.

Collect data to analyze whether certain factors changed or remained the same.

Biologists use a variety of techniques and tools to study cells.

Safe procedures are used when carrying out investigations.

A Common System of Measurement

Most scientist use the metric system when collecting data and performing experiments.

A decimal system whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of 10.

1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm) 1 meter = 1000 millimeters (mm) 1000 meters = 1 kilometers (km) 1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL) 1 liter (L) = 1000 cubic centimeters (cm3) 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g) 1 gram = 1000 milligrams (mg) 1000 kilograms = 1 metric ton (t) 0°C = freezing point of water 100°C = boiling point of water

Analyzing Biological Data

Scientists often record data in a table and then make a graph.

The graph of data can make a pattern of change much easier to recognize and understand.

Computers are also used to process data

Water Released and Absorbed by Tree

TimeAbsorbedby Roots

(g/h)

Releasedby Leaves

(g/h)

8 AM10 AM

12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM

5

2

10149

641

1

12

17

16103

Water released by leaves

Water released by leaves

Rel

ati

ve

Rat

es

(g/h

)

20

Time

0

15

10

5

8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM

Section 1-4Making a Graph From A Data Table

When scientists collect data, they are often trying to find out whether certain factors changed or remained the same. Often, the simplest way to do that is to record the data in a table and then make a graph.

Experimental Design Activity

Temperature effects on algae growth

Microscopes

Microscopes are devices that produce magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye.

Light microscopes = produce magnified images by focusing visible light rays.

Electron microscopes = produce magnified images by focusing beams of electrons

Problems: magnification definition

Microscopes

Light microscopes

Study dead organisms

Tiny organisms

Live cells

Electron microscopes

Produce sharp images

Only dead and preserved cells can be observed

Studying Cells

Cell Cultures to study, biologists sometimes place a single cell into a dish containing a nutrient solution.

The cell is able to reproduce so that a group of cells, called a cell culture, develops from the single original cell.

Cell cultures can be used to test cell responses under controlled conditions, to study interactions between cells, and to select specific cells for further study.

cell fractionation to separate the different cell parts.

Homework

Complete the Graphing Skills Lab.

Ticket Out the Door

1. Why do scientists use a common system of measurement?

2. What is the difference in the way light microscopes and electron microscopes produce images?

3. Describe the technique and purpose of cell fractionation.

4. What types of objects can be studied with a light microscope? What types can be studied with an electron microscope?

5.  It has been said that many great discoveries lie in wait for the tools needed to make them. What does this statement mean to you? If possible, include an example in your answer.