Essential Essential Question:Question:Essential Essential Question:Question:

Champion of Champion of the the

“Common “Common Man”?Man”?

““King”King”Andrew?Andrew?OROR

““tenacious tenacious intelligence”intelligence”

““Mysterious Mysterious charm”charm”

““My My reputation is reputation is dearer to me dearer to me

than life”than life”

““His His passions passions

are are terrible”terrible”““I am I am

denounced denounced as a man as a man with of with of

revengeful revengeful temper”temper”““Ferocious Ferocious animal”animal”

Essential Essential Question:Question:Essential Essential Question:Question:Assess the extent to which

Jacksonian Democrats were guardians of the US constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity.

Unit Objectives:

1. Identify the reforms that occurred in the early-mid 19th century that led to the Rise of a Mass Democracy.

2. Identify the arguments for and against the “spoils system” and explain its affect on the Jackson Presidency.

3. Assess whether or not President Jackson violated the separation of powers in his actions to destroy the Bank of the United States.

4. Assess whether or not President Jackson violated states' rights in his dealings with South Carolina in the nullification crisis.

5. Assess whether or not President Jackson violated laws, treaties, and Supreme Court orders in his dealings with Native Americans.

Why Increased Why Increased Democratization?Democratization?

Why Increased Why Increased Democratization?Democratization?

3 White male suffrage increased

3 Grassroots campaigning (parades, rallies, Grassroots campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)floats, etc.)

3 Party Nominating Conventions.Party Nominating Conventions.

3 Spoils system.Spoils system.

3 Return of Two-party system:

Dem-Reps Dem-Reps Natl. Reps.(1828) Natl. Reps.(1828) Whigs Whigs (1832) (1832) Republicans (1854) Republicans (1854)

Democrats (1828)Democrats (1828)

The" Common The" Common Man”Man”

vs. the vs. the “Aristocrat”“Aristocrat”

The" Common The" Common Man”Man”

vs. the vs. the “Aristocrat”“Aristocrat”

John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams[MA][MA]

“I am a man of reserved, old, austere, and forbidding manners: my political adversaries say, a gloomy misanthropist, and my personal enemies an unsocial savage.”

Jackson’s Jackson’s Opponents in 1824Opponents in 1824

Jackson’s Jackson’s Opponents in 1824Opponents in 1824

Henry ClayHenry Clay[KY][KY]

John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams[MA][MA]

John C. John C. CalhounCalhoun

[SC][SC]

William H. CrawfordWilliam H. Crawford[GA][GA]

Results of the Results of the 1824 Election1824 ElectionResults of the Results of the 1824 Election1824 Election

AA

““CorrCorrupt upt

BargaBargainin?”?”

AA

““CorrCorrupt upt

BargaBargainin?”?”

Rachel JacksonRachel JacksonRachel JacksonRachel Jackson

Final Divorce DecreeFinal Divorce DecreePg 260 Newspaper and Pimp

The New The New “Jackson “Jackson Coalition”Coalition”

The New The New “Jackson “Jackson Coalition”Coalition”

3 EasternEastern

3 SouthernSouthern

3 WesternWestern

3 State Politicians State Politicians

Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the in the “Common “Common

Man”Man”

Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the in the “Common “Common

Man”Man”3 Intense distrust of EasternIntense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” “establishment,” monopolies, & special monopolies, & special privilege.privilege.

3 His heart & soul was with His heart & soul was with thethe“plain folk.”“plain folk.”

3 Belief that the common man Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon was capable of uncommon achievements.achievements.

The Reign of “King The Reign of “King Mob”Mob”

The Reign of “King The Reign of “King Mob”Mob”

So, was Jackson So, was Jackson Democratic?Democratic?

So, was Jackson So, was Jackson Democratic?Democratic?

The The “Spoils “Spoils SystemSystem

” & ” & “Peggy “Peggy Eaton Eaton Affair”Affair”

The The “Spoils “Spoils SystemSystem

” & ” & “Peggy “Peggy Eaton Eaton Affair”Affair”

The The Webster-Webster-Hayne DebateHayne DebateThe The Webster-Webster-Hayne DebateHayne Debate

Sen. Daniel Sen. Daniel WebsterWebster

[MA][MA]

Sen. Robert Sen. Robert

HayneHayne[SC][SC]

WebsterWebster:: Liberty and Union, now Liberty and Union, now andand forever, one and forever, one and inseparable.inseparable. JacksonJackson:: Our Federal Union—it must Our Federal Union—it must bebe preserved. preserved.

CalhounCalhoun:: The Union, next to our The Union, next to our liberty,liberty, most dear. most dear.

Sectionalism Sectionalism Showdown 1830Showdown 1830

Sectionalism Sectionalism Showdown 1830Showdown 1830

1832 Tariff 1832 Tariff ConflictConflict

1832 Tariff 1832 Tariff ConflictConflict3 1828 -->1828 --> “Tariff of “Tariff of

Abomination” Abomination”

3 1832 --> new tariff1832 --> new tariff

3 South Carolina’s South Carolina’s reactionreaction??

3 Jackson’s responseJackson’s response??

3 Clay’s “Compromise” Clay’s “Compromise” TariffTariff??

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal3 Jackson’s GoalJackson’s Goal??

3 1830 1830 Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act

3 Cherokee Nation v. GACherokee Nation v. GA (1831)(1831) ** “domestic dependent “domestic dependent nation”nation”

3 Worcester v. GAWorcester v. GA (1832)(1832)

3 Jackson to Marshall:Jackson to Marshall:

Indian Removal Act 1830Urged by President Jackson, Congress gave the federal government

the power to relocate any Native Americans in the east to territory that was west of the Mississippi River. Though the Native Americans were to be compensated, this was not always done fairly and in some cases

led to the further destruction of many of the already diminishing numbers of many of the eastern tribes.

Worchester v. Georgia; Cherokee Nation v. GeorgiaWorchester v. Georgia: 1832 - The Supreme Court decided Georgia had no jurisdiction over Cherokee reservations. Georgia refused to enforce decision and President Jackson didn't support the Court.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia: 1831 - The Supreme Court ruled that Indians weren't independent nations but dependent domestic nations which could be regulated by the federal government. From then until 1871, treaties were formalities with the terms dictated by the federal

government.Cherokee Indian removal, "Trail of Tears"

A minority of the Cherokee tribe, despite the protest of the majority, had surrendered their Georgia land in the 1835. During the winter of 1838 - 1839, troops under General Winfield Scott evicted them from

their homes in Georgia and moved them to Oklahoma Indian country. Many died on the trail; the journey became known as the "Trail of

Tears".

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal

Jackson’s Use of Jackson’s Use of Federal PowerFederal Power

Jackson’s Use of Jackson’s Use of Federal PowerFederal Power

VETOVETO

1830 1830 Maysville RoadMaysville Road

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

NicholasNicholasBiddleBiddle

PresidentPresidentJacksonJackson

Opposition to the Opposition to the 22ndnd B.U.S. B.U.S.

Opposition to the Opposition to the 22ndnd B.U.S. B.U.S.

“Soft”(paper) $

“Soft”(paper) $

“Hard”(specie) $

“Hard”(specie) $

3 state bankers state bankers feltfeltit restrained it restrained theirtheirbanks from banks from issuingissuingbank notes bank notes freely.freely.

3 supported rapid supported rapid

economic economic growth growth & speculation.& speculation.

3 felt that coin was felt that coin was

the only safethe only safecurrency.currency.

3 didn’t like any didn’t like any bankbankthat issued bankthat issued banknotes.notes.

3 suspicious of suspicious of expansion &expansion &speculation.speculation.

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!

3 1832 1832

3 1836 1836

3 ““pet banks”pet banks”??

3 1841 1841

1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults

1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults

MainMainIssueIssue??

The The Specie Specie CircularCircular (1836) (1836)

The The Specie Specie CircularCircular (1836) (1836)3 ““wildcat banks.”wildcat banks.”

3 buy future federalbuy future federalland only with gold orland only with gold or

silver.silver.

3 Jackson’s goalJackson’s goal??

The Specie Circular, issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. The Circular required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply.

Results of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie CircularResults of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie Circular Banknotes loose their Banknotes loose their value.value.

Land sales plummeted.Land sales plummeted.

Credit not available.Credit not available.

Businesses began to fail.Businesses began to fail.

Unemployment rose.Unemployment rose.

The Panic of 1837 The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!Spreads Quickly!The Panic of 1837 The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!Spreads Quickly!

The 1836 Election The 1836 Election ResultsResultsThe 1836 Election The 1836 Election ResultsResults

Martin Van Martin Van BurenBuren

““Old Old Kinderhook”Kinderhook”

[O. K.][O. K.]

Andrew Jackson in Andrew Jackson in RetirementRetirement

Andrew Jackson in Andrew Jackson in RetirementRetirement

Photo of Andrew Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844Jackson in 1844

(one year before his (one year before his death)death)

Photo of Andrew Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844Jackson in 1844

(one year before his (one year before his death)death)

1767 - 18451767 - 1845

Voter Turnout: Voter Turnout: 1820 - 18601820 - 1860

Voter Turnout: Voter Turnout: 1820 - 18601820 - 1860

Voting Voting Requirements Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c

Voting Voting Requirements Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c

BACK

BACK

1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults

1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults

BACK

New KNICKS

New

KNICKS

Essential Essential Question:Question:Essential Essential Question:Question:Assess the extent to which

Jacksonian Democrats were guardians of the US constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity.

Document Analysis

1.Sourcinga.Date and Authorb.Bias/POVc. Creditabilityd.Audiencee.OI

2. Thesis: Does Doc support or oppose your thesis?

Writing:

1. Topic Sentence 2. O. I. FIRST3. Doc Ref/Citation4. Transition5. Counter Opp. Views if applicable

Analysis NOT summary or list

Were Jacksonian democrats guardians of . . .

1. The Constitution? Failed to uphold S.C. decisions (Cherokee

Indians) Vetoed bank of the U.S. (Upheld as

constitutional in McCulloch v. Maryland) States rights views seen as a threat to the

national government

Were Jacksonian democrats guardians of . . .

 2. Political democracy? Appealed to the working classes Expanded

the right to vote First nominating conventions Dem. reforms Spoils system

Were Jacksonian democrats guardians of . . .

3. Individual liberty?  

Right to vote still restricted to white males Did little to help the condition of blacks,

immigrants, and slaves

Were Jacksonian democrats guardians of . . .

4. Equality of economic opportunity? Bank veto done to protect people from a

monopoly controlled by wealthy Americans and foreigners

Tariffs

  Andrew Jackson began a whole new era in American history. Amongst his greatest accomplishments were evoking the "common man" to be interested in government and tailoring democracy to satisfy the same "common man?s" needs. Of course, Jackson could not go about making such radical changes without supporters, but that never surfaced as a problem. Jacksonian Democrats, as they came to be called, were great in number during the 1820?s and 1830?s. They advocated all of the issues that President Jackson did, and did so with great vigor. They thought of themselves very highly because they recognized their responsibilities as American citizens. They realized that as political leaders they had a true purpose- to protect and serve the American people. The Jacksonians justified their view of themselves in their sincere attempts to guard the United States Constitution by both promoting equality of economic opportunity and increasing political democracy, but they had their downfalls with issues of individual liberties.

Were Jacksonian democrats guardians of . . .

1. The Constitution? No Failed to uphold S.C. decisions (Cherokee

Indians) (Doc. G) Vetoed bank of the U.S. (Doc. B) (Upheld as

constitutional in McCulloch v. Maryland) States rights views seen as a threat to the national

government (Doc. C) U.S. Post Office suppressed abolitionist mail into

the south, which violated the 1st Amendment (Doc. F)

Were Jacksonian democrats guardians of . . .

 2. Political democracy? Yes Appealed to the working classes (Doc. A) Expanded the right to vote First nominating conventions People’s inauguration Spoils system British impressed by the democratic nature of

society (Doc. D)

Were Jacksonian democrats guardians of . . .

3. Individual liberty? No  Right to vote still restricted to white males Did little to help the condition of blacks,

immigrants, and slaves (Docs. F & G) Evidence of racial violence in northern

cities (Doc. E) Relocation of the Cherokee nation (Doc.

G)

Were Jacksonian democrats guardians of . . .

4. Equality of economic opportunity? Yes Bank veto done to protect people from a

monopoly controlled by wealthy Americans and foreigners (Doc. B)

Encouraged economic competition (Bridge v. Bridge) (Doc. H)